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The Namesake explores the themes of isolation, identity, clash of cultures and the immigrant experience. Through the Ganguli family Lahiri looks at how the immigrant experience is different for the two generations of immigrants, Lahiri does this by first introducing us to Ashima’s experience and her feeling of alienation which is representative of most of the first generation immigrants. Lahiri contrasts Ashima’s experience to Gogol’s experience as a second generation immigrant when the perspective changes to that of Gogol. Lahiri illustrates the problems he faces like lacking an identity and feeling isolated from his two cultures. The book starts with Ashima’s perspective, which gives us an insight about her feeling of isolation, homesickness and alienation from her new home. Ashima has a difficult time letting go of her Bengali culture, she tries to hold on to it as much as possible, whereas Gogol tries to disconnect himself as much as he can from his roots as he has grown up seeing and accepting the American culture, which he feels he cannot be fully apart of if he accepts his Bengali heritage, so in order to fit in the American society he goes out of his way to forget all about his Bengali roots. Lahiri shows us the journeys of the Ganguli family members, and us how the parents slowly start accepting the American culture through their children, while the second generation try to figure out which culture they belong and discover their true identity.
Get original essayIn the very beginning of the novel we can tell that Ashima is feeling very homesick, and Lahiri makes this clear when Ashima says “nothing feels normal” to her in this alien land. We find out that Ashima is “… terrified to raise a child in Country where she is related to no one, where she knows so little, where life seems so tentative ands spare.”, this presents one of her biggest fears of raising Gogol in a place where there is a different culture and different people, that she does not understand and she knows nobody here which strengthens the theme of isolation and the immigrant experience. We also know her night at the hospital is “…the first time in her life she has slept alone, surrounded by strangers”, which again stresses upon the theme of Ashima’s isolation, as it shows us how important family is to her and now in this new land she does not have them with her by her side. Ashima tries to hang on to her beloved Bengali culture through symbols of her home such as her “tattered copy of Desh magazine… “, the watch she got as a departing gift, her group of friends, Bengali books, letters from her family back home and traditional celebrations and practice. Her group of friends “…all come from Calcutta, and for this reason alone they are friends.”, which shows us what a strong bond and connection sharing the same values and norms of the Bengali culture can bring about in first generation immigrants, as they feel like they can after a long time relate to someone. Even after the culture shock, the Ganguli parents have to go through a lot of other hardships as they are now isolated from their loved ones, and Lahiri tells us that “… Ashoke and Ashima live the lives of the extreme aged, those for whom everyone they once knew and loved is lost… Even those family members who continue to live seem dead somehow, always invisible, impossible to touch.”, and so all the loved ones they have loved behind are lost to them since they hardly communicate and even if they do ones in the while it is impossible to truly connect and feel their presence over the phone. “…Ashima is beginning to realise, is a sort of lifelong pregnancy — a perpetual wait, a constant burden, a continuous feeling out of sorts. “, here Lahiri describes how Ashima feels a lack of belonging, and is constantly waiting for some connection to be formed, she tells us assimilation is a “constant burden” and living in this environment surrounded by an alien culture she feels “out of sorts.”, and it is for this reason that she wants to go back to her loved ones in Calcutta and raise Gogol there, but does not for Ashoke’s sake.Even when they go to visit India the trip is “…put behind them, quickly shed, quickly forgotten… irrelevant to their lives”, which reinforces the theme of isolation from ones home Country and the immigrant experience.
A little later on in Ashima’s journey, she started to feel more settled and in control of her new life, although she does not assimilate fully into her new culture she is learning to come to her own terms with it. We see that“By and by she comes to her own, takes pride in rearing up the child, moves out alone in the market with her baby in the pram, communicates with the passers-by who smile at her and goes to meet her husband on the campus, thus growing confident…”, so she starts to become more confident and less intimidated by the new culture and people. Ashima and Ashoke make a very active effort to preserve their culture in their new home, they teach their children they language and teach them about their traditions and beliefs. One example could be the rice ceremony they had for Gogol, and when they asked him to memorize a four-line poem by Tagore. However, Ashima and Ashoke realize that for Gogol his American culture is also important to him, but they do not realize just how much until later on. Ashima gets her first job in the library, “… she is friendly with the other women who work at the library…They are the first American friends she has made in her life.”, so we can tell that Ashima is really growing and becoming more comfortable with the American society, and is breaking out of her isolation by diversifying her group of friends to more that just Bengali’s. Lahiri tells us “she has learned to do things on her own”, and we can see this as she has her own job, a bigger group of friends, and learns to do different tasks. Towards the end of the novel when Ashima decides to stay in India for six months every year and is packing up her home, we come to know that “She feels overwhelmed by the thought of the move she is about to make, to the city that was once home and is now in its own way foreign.”, this shows us that she feels like her name suggests “…without borders”, and she feels that because it’s been such a long time India which was once her home without any doubt, is also starting to feel “in its own way foreign”, this also highlights the themes of the importance of names and the immigrant experience. Lahiri makes it clear to us that “… she does not feel fully at home within the walls of Pemberton Road she knows that this is home nevertheless…”, for Ashima this is her home as well, for which “…she is responsible.” again showing us how much she has grown over the years, and it tells us that she has made a lot of effort to make Pemberton Road home for herself and her family, and feels proud to have done that successfully.
Ashoke embraces their new life, while Ashima clings to her culture with full force, and Gogol and Sonia feel like they don’t belong in either culture and try their best to fit in to their American surroundings. Ashoke is quite settled as he has a job he is proud of, “what a sense of accomplishment it gives him to see his name printed under “Faculty”in the university directory”, here the theme of the American Dream is touched upon, how Ashoke is now working his dream job and living in America it was possible for him to find such a perfect job. Ashima is not willing to change herself and her culture, and “Though Ashima continues to wear nothing but saris and sandals from Bata, Ashoke, accustomed to wearing tailor-made pants and shirts all his life, learns to buy ready-made.”, and so we can tell that Ashoke is quickly assimilating into the American culture and making little changes that make him feel more apart of the American culture. He is also informed about the politics in the US, as “He reads about U.S. planes bombing Vietcong supply routes in Cambodia…”, and now has more exposure to the outside world and US itself. Although the Ganguli parents try to raise their children in the Bengali way, Gogol and Sonia are both very influenced by the American culture outside of their home. Sonia and Gogol try to find themselves and what culture they fit into, and because they are exposed to the American culture and grow up surrounded by it, they think of it as their best match. When ‘Nikhil’ calls his New haven hostel his home, Ashima does not approve and does not understand this need for distance or Gogol’s very American behavior. Ashima does not force her future upon her children, but teaches them about it hoping they will learn to accept it and eventually follow it. We know that the children face an identity crisis and Lahiri sums this up when she says: “The question of identity is always a difficult one, but especially for those who are culturally displaced, as immigrants are who grow up in two worlds simultaneously”. The children of the migrants face their own problems that are different from the ones of their parents, as they do not feel they belong fully to either culture, and Lahiri shows us this through mostly Gogol and Sonia in some cases. It is due to their children that Ashoke and Ashima reluctantly start embracing the American traditions and culture, and“For the sake of Gogol and Sonia they celebrated with progressively increasing fanfare, the birth of Christ, an event children look forward to more than the worship of Durga and Saraswati.”. Lahiri also tells us that the children prefer the American culture over the Indian, because they are more familiar with this culture. The children help their parents assimilate to the American culture, and here the theme of clash of cultures also comes about. Even when Gogol falls in love with various American girls, although his parents do not approve, they are almost forced to accept it for the sake of their children. This also makes it clear that there is a big cultural gap between the first and second generation of immigrants. Food is an important symbol of the Bengali culture, and soon they make sacrifices when it comes to Bengali food since “In the supermarket they let Gogol fill the cart with items that he and Sonia, but not they, consume.”, which emphasizes on the clash of cultures and the cultural gap between the parents and the children. So, it can be said that the children bring both their parents closer to and help assimilate them into their American culture.
Gogol wants to change his name in order become more like his American classmates and people outside of his home, however to do so he tries to get rid of his past and he does this by avoiding any reminders of the past like his family. Eventually he gets rid of the name Gogol and tries to become someone else. Lahiri still calls him Gogol so we know that Gogol is his real self, but Gogol doe not know this at the time. Gogol feels like his name alienates him from both his cultures “For by now, he’s come to hate questions pertaining to his name, hates having constantly to explain and tell people that it doesn’t mean anything in Indian…”, Lahiri is trying to show us that Gogol feels like his name holds him back from being apart of both the American and Bengali culture. Gogol starts to think about changing his name, and “In history class, Gogol has learned that European immigrants had their names changed…Though Gogol doesn’t know it, even Nikolai Gogol renamed himself…”. Lahiri also emphases the similarity between Gogol and his namesake, since even his namesake had changed his name. Gogol does not understand the point of having two names, Ashima replies saying “It’s our way”, it almost implies that Gogol does not know understand the Bengali way and does not want to follow it, however it is still the “way” of his parents.
He manages by entering university far from his parents to separate himself from his family geographically. So now he can create his own world and personal identity for himself in a place where everybody would know him as Nikhil. In his new world he finds Gogol uses their relationship as an escape from finding out his own identity, and from his past. He starts living with Maxine in her parental home, and begins to distance himself from his own family as much as possible. He stops responding to his mothers phone calls, partly because he does not want to be reminded of his past of who he was before and how different that is from who he has become or is trying to be. “He is conscious of the fact that his immersion in Maxine’s family is a betrayal of his own”, he knows that he is being distant from his family and by spending so much time with Maxine’s family where he feels like he fits in, but he knows his parents would not; “He cannot imagine his parent’s sitting at Lydia and Gerald’s table… And yet here he is night after night… doing just that.”. By spending so much time with Maxine’s family who are so different from his own and who he prefers to spend time with, he feels by doing this he is being disloyal to his own family. The word “betrayal” and the fact that he is thinking about being disloyal to his family, hints that he is feeling guilty about it and knows he is doing something wrong. However, “he feels free of expectation, of responsibility, in willing exile from his own life”, this relationship is an escape for him. This life that he creates becomes nothing more than an escape from the old one, and with Maxine and her family he celebrates his twenty-seventh birthday, “the first birthday in his life that he hasn’t spent with his parents either in Calcutta or Pemberton Road.”, which goes to show how much he has distanced himself from his family, and almost completely replaced them with this relationship that serves as an escape from his parents and the culture they used to share. On his birthday “…he remembers that his parents can’t possibly reach him… That here at Maxine’s side, in this cloistered wilderness, he is free.”, this verifies that Gogol views their relationship as a retreat from his old life and in the process he feels “free”.
Everything changes for Gogol after his father passes away, his attitude towards his family completely changes and so do his priorities. Maxine cannot understand what Gogol’s going through and does not realize how much this effects him, she asks him to get away from his family for a while, but he replies saying “I don’t want to get away.”. His priorities shift from Maxine to his family, and “He does not want to be with someone who barely knew his father, who’s met him only once”. He begins to reflect on his relationship with his parents, and he realizes he should not have tried to escape them. His father is gone now and he knows that it is too late to get to know his father better now, so he begins to search for his father by finding whatever is left of him, so he can find a sense of connection with his father. He now wants to get in touch with his family and embrace the Bengali part of him, he does this by coming together with Moushumi, spending time with his family and trying to understand his parents and their culture. He starts looking up to his parents now, as “He knows now the guilt that his parents carried inside, at being able to do nothing when their parents had died in India, of arriving weeks, sometimes months later, when there was nothing left to do …”. He also starts to grasp some of the Bengali traditions,“ Years later Gogol had learned the significance, that it was a Bengali son’s duty to shave his head in the wake of his parent’s death.”, Lahiri shows us that Gogol has after all this time connected to his parents and their culture. Finally, he starts to also accept and try and understand his name, “The name he had so detested, here hidden and preserved — that was the first thing his father had given him”. By doing this he is also finding another way to connect to his father through the name that his father had given him.
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Get custom essayIn The Namesake Lahiri records the journey of the Ganguli family members to finding their own identities (personal and cultural) and finding a sense of belonging. Lahiri looks at the immigrant experience in depth using the experiences of the Ganguli family. Lahiri also looks at the different problems the first and second generation of immigrants face. Ashima represents the first generation immigrant who feels homesick and displaced, Lahiri tracks her journey and towards the end we see just how much she has grown. Then we the novel switches to Gogol’s perspective, who is the second generation immigrant and looks at all the problems he faces with confusion about his identity
Fresh vegetables usually carry natural non-disese causing plant micro-being, which throughout production of crop, transportation resembling wash with rinse piddle, unhealth ful human being handling, transport vehicles, hybridization contamination, improper storage, proficiency and packaging, handling the tip up could even could contaminated with pathogen through fauna and human seed.
Get original essayThe Sir David Alexander Cecil Low sanitization standards significantly throughout postharvest handling associated academic degree increased using up of raw goal up and connected merchandise have generated heightened problems for nutrient safety in developing countries.
As most of these end up ar white plague whereas not any technique, their microbial content could represent a risk issue for the consumer's health therefore a food safety cringe. The consumption of Recent vegetables has been increasing in Recent years, and since the primary quill ace 890s the rumored outbreaks associated with consumption of Holocene vegetables have Brobdingnagian steady. Most of the rumored outbreaks of canal ill health joined to the recent end up unit of measurement of measuring associated with organism contamination, considerably with members of the bacterium kin family.
Coliform being ar generally cited as "indicator organisms" as a resultant of they indicate the potential presence of disease-causing being in water. The presence of coliform being in water does not guarantee that drinking the water will cause degree illness. Rather, their presence indicates that a contamination nerve pathway exists between a provision of being (surface water, septic system, animal waste, etc.) and also the pliability. Disease-causing being could use this pathway to enter the pliability. Particular sorts of coliform being is also tested for, significantly once a complete coliform being stoppage is positive. These subgroups of coliform being embrace bedraggled coliform and eubacteria or E. coli.
After Hunter's analysis deviated the use of culture in an anthropological sense, culture war became rampant in the 1990s American political landscape. Williams posits that the “culture war” phrase highlighted the vital role of differences in priorities, values, and lifestyles in American politics. Culture war issues revolved around family, gender, religion, and sex and often thought of cultural as they seemed to involve morals and values rather than material and economic interests. According to Miller, the culture war issues assumed a “private” sphere and the establishment of human motivations instead of public concerns, such as the economy and political power. The mainstream media captured “culture-war issues” as a phrase set aside to deal with matters of family, religion, and sexuality to mobilize social conservatives. With the phrase capturing issues that concern morality, the political class and the media deviated from using it to mobilize voters on issues, such as foreign policy, taxes, or budget. Nevertheless, the term “culture war” began to appear in the 1990s American politics, with politicians from Democrat and Republican Parties using the phrase to mobilize voters.
Get original essayIn the 1990s, culture-wars gained coherence in the American political landscape, based on individual liberty and religious freedom. Williams posits that the center of culture wars in the 1990s focused on uproars over the federal government's interference in promoting LGBTQ and abortion rights, particularly allowing adoption and military service for gays and lesbians. It is important to note that controversies over gay rights and abortion were tied to religious freedom and individual liberty principles. Ditto and Koleva claim that social conservatives trumpeted issues about abortion and gay rights consistently and vociferously. The mainstream media branded conservatives as the “Christian Right” who later became Republican's political base and electorate. Williams relied on President Bill Clinton's impeachment in 1998 to demonstrate the impact of culture-wars in the 1990s political landscape. During President Clinton's impeachment in 1998, the sex scandal focused on culture war issues of gender, sex, and family, and significantly divided the political elite and parties depending on whether they supported conservatism or progressivism. Furthermore, Williams claims that the culture war issues contributed to the resignation of several Congress members in the 1990s. Ideally, President Clinton's impeachment marked the climax of culture war issues becoming commonplace in polarizing the American political landscape.
Although the “sex” factor highlighted the political divide based on perceived religious ethics between the orthodox and progressives, abortion and gay rights issues played a vital role in shaping the American political landscape in the 1990s. Williams posits that abortion remains the most consistent, contested, and polarized issue in American politics since the 1900s, particularly after the 1973 U.S. Supreme Court's landmark decision. In the Roe v. Wade case, the Court stipulated that the federal Constitution grants women the freedom to have an abortion without government interference. However, the Supreme Courtâ??s decision ignited huge public discourse and political debate over limits or excesses of religious freedom and individual liberty over abortion. In the 1990s, the Christian Right camp, comprising social conservatives, implored Republican politicians to criminalize or restrict abortion access. Progressives and liberals beseeched Democrat politicians to defend access to abortion and contraception. For instance, progressives and liberals urged President Bill Clinton, a Democrat, to use his presidential powers to repeal bans on federal-funded abortion counselling, research, and contraception, which effectively negated the Hyde Amendment, promoted and passed by Republican Representatives in 1976. As abortion politics fomented the culture war issue of gender, the issues surrounding gay rights became a polarizing cultural factor in the U.S. politicalsocial landscape.
In the 1990s, the cultural war issues revolving around abortion metamorphosized to a highly divisive gender political discourse, which, in turn, led to the introduction of gay rights and same-sex marriage in the American political landscape. President Clinton's controversial and divisive attempt to annul in totality the Hyde Amendment came hot on the heels with the questions concerning social acceptance of LGBTQ community. During his first term in office, social conservatives ridiculed President Clinton to recruit gays in the military. Although President Clinton attempted to calm down the ensuing political debate in the larger public sphere through the “don't ask, don't tell” (DADT) compromise, he lost considerable political support from social conservatives and the GOP base. Equally, the direct connection between the family structure and gay rights inflamed the conservatives, leading to numerous states conducting referenda and enacting statutes to deal with the culture war issue, especially adoption by same-sex parents.
Oveall the unsolved culture war issues revolving around family, gender, and sex in the 1990s political-social landscape became the vocal platforms for Republicans and Democrats in voter mobilization.
In the modern condition, a mind-boggling issue is that of different control purposes of different units which are conveyed over an extensive territory. There are diverse control directs which require toward be physically worked in the event of any crisis or amid typical working hours and controlling different control focuses in the meantime may not be humanly possible. Each control unit must be controlled and changed manually and every one of them is vital. There can be human mistake while working them, bringing about genuine misfortune in mechanical assembling, though in industry each and every misfortune increases exponentially. In addition, there are few controls that must be checked routinely keeping in mind the end goal to take after changes in the framework and their effect on item. To screen each modification that is being conveyed at different spots over the unit is relatively inconceivable, and if a framework is required where you need to look at various units in the meantime, some ongoing slacks take after your way. Observing of different control frameworks causes issues in efficiency of a unit or even the entire business.
Get original essaySwitchgear system is one of these critical systems.. Switchgears help to monitor and control different distant units. These systems can be found locally or at separations from primary units. In this way, observing and controlling them physically turns into a troublesome assignment.
Checking and controlling issues are not constrained to industries only. They can be found in machines and gear we use in our labs for innovative work purposes.
To beat these issues, there are two conceivable routes out. Initially way, that is by all accounts a less demanding arrangement however not a more brilliant one, is expanding human work. By expanding human power working in a unit can tackle this issue to some degree. Hardly any slacks can be discarded and various units can be controlled and observed. Yet, in the more extended run, this arrangement will cause a few issues. In industries, expanding human power implies expanding load on economy, which implies less benefit by the end. Second solution is to design a system that can monitor and control distant units at the same time.
We have five switchgear systems in our lab which are being controlled and checked independently So, in our case if we develop a centralized control for switchgear systems, we can overcome the problem of managing and monitoring five units. Moreover Implemented SCADA of Switch Gear Systems on LabVIEW has its own significance.
LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) is a software to design systems using visual programming from National Instruments. By executing SCADA of Switch Gear System on LabVIEW we are essentially investigating another approach to work overwhelming machines in industry utilizing the most exceptional programming LabVIEW.
There are four basic aims of this project:
In our project SCADA based control and fault detection of Switchgear systems has been actualized. Switchgear systems are as often as possible and fundamentally utilized as a part of overwhelming modern process, their control is spine for drives of various machines. Fault in any part of Switchgear system can cause enormous misfortune. So it is important to detect it before any significant harm. In our project all the three modes of Switchgear System are controlled utilizing PLC and Lab VIEW. Switchgear systems in lab were being controlled manually. They have control buttons for ON and OFF and change over switches for selecting modes. On and off activities have another control; control through PLC yet modes must be changed manually.
We designed a circuit to replace manual control of modes with programmed control. In programmed mode, entire system is worked by PLC. Omron PLC is utilized to send signs to switchgear systems for different operations in various modes.
Programming is done by using ladder logic in CX-programmer. PLC is also interfaced with HMI. SCADA is created by utilizing cx-designer, in which status of all the switchgear systems are shown at HMI which covers the checking part. Moreover, control buttons are there on HMI too to control the system HMI sends signals to PLC according to the operation, and PLC operates switchgear sysyems. HMI is the fundamental controlling and observing unit and it can control and screen every one of the units at the same time.
After executing SCADA on HMI we moved SCADA of Switchgear Systems on Lab VIEW. All programming is done on Front Panel and SCADA can be visualized on Block diagram. LabVIEW will send signals to CX-Programmer according to which PLC will be operated ultimately driving Switchgear Systems.
To overcome the problem of controlling and monitoring of distributed systems the best way is to implement their SCADA. In industries Switchgear Systems are of great importance, by implementing their SCADA industry can be revolutionized. Implementation of SCADA of Switch Gear Systems on LabVIEW explores a new way to drive heavy machines on advanced software on which real time data can be visualized and controlled.
The usage of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology in Libraries for document identification, self check in and check out, and stock verification can improve the overall process and user satisfaction as well as the security. This paper describes the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology in facilitating efficient library operations of RFID can be used in libraries to ensure security and facilitate innovative services. This paper outlines of main components of RFID system and their specification , limitations of RFID system, Challenges in RFID implemeantion.
Get original essayScientific Information Resource Division (SIRD) is one of the state of the art library catering to the needs of more than 5000 Scientists, Engineers, Research Scholars and students of various DAE Units at Kalpakkam. It has holdings of about 62,000 books, 48,000 back volumes, 600 journals, 15,000 standards, and two lakh technical reports.
Sensor Gate: Sensor gate includes two theft detection pedestals, which are interdependent of each other and also have overlapping protection zones providing additional security. The system has a suitable number of I/O ports for standard electronic counter, web cam trigger, locking gates Figure 1.
Figure 1: RFID Sensor Gates at SIRD
Staff Station: Through this component, library staff can write, read, and removes item related details from RFID Tag. Staff stations are connected to the main computer system of the circulation counter and Library management software Figure 2.
Figure 2: RFID Based Staff Station
Self-check-in/check-out Kiosk: Self check-in/out kiosk serves as user station where the user can do self issue, return, renew, find overdue amount, and get enquiry slip from this station without going to circulation counter Figure3.
Figure 3: RFID Kiosk System
RFID Tag: RFID tag is the most important component of the RFID system. It can be fixed inside the last cover page of books or other documents of the library. It consists programmable antenna and microchip and labels with a capacity of 1024 bits memory Figure 4.
Figure 4: A Sample RFID Tag
User Smart Card: Library provides a multi-purpose RFID smart card to their users and this card can be used as Library Patron Card.
Inventory Band/PDA Reader: Inventory band is also known as Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) reader. It is a Wi-Fi Portable Library Inventory Reader integrated & supplied with rechargeable NiMH batteries. It can be integrated with the Library Database. So that user can able to search availability of any document in real time
Figure 5. RFID Inventory Reader
The various challenges in RFID implementation are:
Tag Durability: It is notable that the bumps and protrusions of the chip and antenna make the tags vulnerable to damage and vandalism. In the near future tags may be as thin as paper because of the technological developments taking place in this industry.
Tag Interference: Placing two tags close together can interfere with the signal disabling the read capability of the scanner. Though most of the RFID suppliers have software systems in place to limit this possibility, the interference cannot be removed entirely at this time and further development of technology may solve this problem in future.
Obsolete technology: The ongoing development could make equipment and tags obsolete, rendering investments in older equipment useless, and requiring expensive conversions and upgrades to sustain the development. This is a serious problem especially for multi-unit and multi-campus libraries that may implement one branch at a time over several years.
Variation in the size of the books: The size of the book is the criteria which are being affected when it is kept on the reader. (Slim / large size book)
Need ICT infrastructure: The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) being implemented needs to managed with continuous upgradation.
Skilled manpower: Library staffs have to be trained with the new technology and usage.
Sustainability and Maintenance: Continuous Maintenance of equipment as well as software is an overhead
Security: Privacy issues of the patron to be taken care in case of RFID based User cards.
RFID is one of the most recent trends in modern academic libraries because of its helpful features like being faster, requiring less manpower, time saving, and security. As we know, RFID technology is also being used in many other areas such as healthcare, army, security, sports, marketing and industrial area for tracking the moveable item and providing speedy services. RFID applications are being used by libraries worldwide because it has been proved it has reduced the cost, manpower, time and proud quick and excellent user services.
It is mandated in the Constitution of Pakistan to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of 5 and 16 and to improve adult literacy. With the 18th constitutional amendment, the concurrent list which included 47 subjects was abolished and these subjects, including education, were transferred to the federative units in a process of provincial autonomy.
Get original essayThe year 2015 is important insofar as it marks the deadline for participants in the Dakar Declaration including Pakistan. Education-related statistics associated with Pakistan's progress on education goals set in Vision 2030 and Pakistan's delay in achieving EFA goals and its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for education call for analysis of Pakistan's education system and to examine issues and problems. he copes so that viable solutions can be recommended.
The education system includes all the institutions involved in the delivery of formal education (public and private, for-profit and not-for-profit, on-site or virtual education) and their faculties, students, physical infrastructure, resources and rules. In a broader definition, the system also includes institutions that are directly involved in the funding, management, operation or regulation of these institutions (such as government ministries and regulatory bodies, central testing organizations, textbook advice and accreditation advice). The rules and regulations that guide individual and institutional interactions within the facility are also part of the education system.
The discussion during the workshop highlighted a number of key challenges that must be addressed when performance appraisals are used for accountability in the federal adult education system:
UNESCO’s World Report on Adult Learning and Education called on countries to invest in adult education, after a study of 139 countries showed states had made progress in most aspects of economic life, governance, finance, health, well-being and direct consequence of their adult education policy. According to the same report, nearly a billion adults in the world cannot read or write. For those who live in such circumstances, it would be more difficult to cope with a disruption of life as they know it.
The acute impact of the lack of adult education is exacerbated in a world of digital interaction. For those who are waiting for life to return to 'normal', it is now clear that there will be none. We must adapt to the paradigm shift and the more we bemoan our lack of technological expertise, the more painful this transformative journey can become. If we can put systems in place to deliver adult education now, especially in computer science, that would accelerate the progress that we hope our next generation will make.
We have strong evidence from European countries where policies that have broadened the reach and impact of the informal adult education sector have had exponential spillovers. Policies are based on needs, directly linked to the impact that is to be created. Austria, for example, focuses on open educational resources and the effects of digitization on adult education, while Belgian adult education policy largely focuses on vocational training and social inclusion. Needless to say, there are lessons to be learned from these savings.
Many high potential adult programs have mushroomed in Pakistan and have failed due to lack of impact and sustainability. Some time ago, the government launched an adult education program funded by UNICEF, USAID and the Japan International Corporation Agency and piloted in 300 centers in five cities. In addition to basic reading and writing skills, it offers vocational training and personal development.
Perhaps we need a more structured and collaborative approach - bringing together multiple stakeholders and adult educators - who can focus on goals, tap into online tools, and benchmark learners against international standards.
Teaching adults is a whole different ball game than teaching children, as their cognitive abilities, experiences, and specific motivation for learning come into the process. Identifying the needs of learners is the first step in developing a relevant and cohesive program. Often times we find ourselves repeating the same mistakes like cats chasing their own tail, losing value through trial and error. Investing time, money and effort in adult education can go a long way, but it is a road that promises to open up multiple avenues in the future.
Believing the value of education, the government should take solid action on this issue. Focus on the implementation rather than the projection of policies. The allocation of funds should be facilitated from provinces to districts, then to educational institutions. Workshops should be organized for teachers. Foreign states use the LSS system. It should be introduced in Pakistani schools to improve the hidden qualities of children. Technical education should be provided to all classes. The Punjab Education Council has planned a plan to provide technological education to the children of industrial workers. The promotion of primary education is a need for time. Teachers, professors and pedagogues should be consulted in the development of any plan, program or policy. The state seems to be abandoning its responsibility and relying entirely on the private sector. The need for time is to bring education in its original form to the masses. Overloading the students with so many books will not work because it will not understand what the world is going to do the next moment. Education is the only remedy for state instability and can bring about revolution through evolution, eradicating social ills. Here is how to eradicate illiteracy in Pakistan.
People have been trying to replace the genomes of plans and animals since years ago by many traditional techniques like breeding. They select the best features from the specific kind of animals/plants to create a new better generation. However, this technique has been limited to naturally occuring variations. By time, people find that we can control over the genetic changes in genetic engineering fields by a modern solution: Genetically Modification Technology. Today, we complete the technology of incorporating new genes from one species into another new spieces using the Genetically Modification Technology, optimizing agricultural performance or faciliating the producing method of pharmaceutical substances.
Get original essayMany industries stand to learn from extra GMO analysis. for example, variety of microorganisms are being thought of as future clean fuel producers and biodegraders. Additionally, genetically changed plants could sometime be wont to turn out recombinant vaccines. In fact, the conception of AN oral immunogen expressed in plants (fruits and vegetables) for direct consumption by people is being examined as a doable resolution to the unfold of unwellness in underdeveloped countries, one that will greatly cut back the prices related to conducting large-scale vaccination campaigns. Work is presently current to develop plant-derived immunogen candidates in potatoes and lettuce for viral hepatitis virus (HBV), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and Norwalk virus. Scientists are trying into the assembly of different commercially valuable proteins in plants, like spider silk macromolecule and polymers that are employed in surgery or tissue replacement. Genetically changed animals have even been wont to grow transplant tissues and human transplant organs, an idea referred to as transplant. The wealthy type of uses for GMOs provides variety of valuable advantages to humans, however many of us conjointly worry concerning potential risks.
Despite the actual fact that the genes being transferred occur naturally in different species, there are unknown consequences to fixing the state of an organism through foreign organic phenomenon. After all, such alterations will modification the organism's metabolism, rate, and/or response to external environmental factors. These consequences influence not solely the GMO itself, however conjointly the natural setting within which that organism is allowed to proliferate. Potential health risks to humans embrace the likelihood of exposure to new allergens in genetically changed foods, still because the transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes to gut flora. Horizontal cistron transfer of chemical, herbicide, or antibiotic resistance to different organisms wouldn't solely place humans in danger, however it'd conjointly cause ecological imbalances, permitting innocuous plants to grow uncontrolled, therefore promoting the unfold of un-wellness among each plants and animals.
One example of disputation over the utilization of a genetically changed plant involves the case of Bt corn. Bt corn expresses a macromolecule from the microorganism Bacillus thuringiensis. before construction of the recombinant corn, the macromolecule had long been famed to be hepatotoxic to variety of pestiferous insects, together with the monarch caterpillar, and it had been with success used as an environmentally friendly pesticide for many years. The good thing about the expression of this macromolecule by corn plants may be a reduction within the quantity of pesticide that farmers should apply to their crops. Sadly, seeds containing genes for recombinant proteins will cause unintentional unfold of recombinant genes or exposure of non-target organisms to new hepatotoxic compounds within the setting.
The now-famous Bt corn contestation started with a laboratory study by Losey et al. within which the mortality of monarch larvae was reportedly higher once fed with milkweed (their natural food supply) coated in spore from transgenic corn than once fed milkweed coated with spore from regular corn. The report by Losey et al. was followed by another publication suggesting that natural levels of Bt corn spore within the field were harmful to monarchs.
Another concern related to GMOs is that personal corporations can claim possession of the organisms they produce and not share them at an inexpensive price with the general public. If these claims area unit correct, it's argued that use of genetically changed crops can hurt the economy and surroundings, as a result of monoculture practices by large-scale farm production centers (who will afford the pricey seeds) can dominate over the range contributed by tiny farmers UN agency cannot afford the technology. However, a recent meta-analysis of fifteen studies reveals that, on average, simple fraction of the advantages of first-generation genetically changed crops area unit shared downstream, whereas solely simple fraction accrues upstream.
In a 2007 survey of 1,000 yankee adults conducted by the International Food data Council (IFIC), thirty third of respondents believed that biotech food product would profit them or their families, however twenty third of respondents didn't understand biotech foods had already reached the market. additionally, solely five-hitter of these polled aforementioned they might take action by sterilization their getting habits as a result of considerations related to exploitation biotech product.
Furthermore, even though the technologies area unit shared fairly, there are units those that would still resist expendable GMOs, even with thorough testing for safety, thanks to personal or non-secular beliefs. The moral problems close GMOs embrace discussion over our right to 'play God,' still because the introduction of foreign material into foods that area unit abstained from for non-secular reasons. Some individuals believe that change of state with nature is per se wrong, et al. maintain that inserting plant genes in animals, or the other way around, is immoral.
These problems area unit progressively vital to think about because the variety of GMOs continues to extend thanks to improved laboratory techniques and tools for sequencing whole genomes, higher processes for biological research and transferring genes, and improved understanding of organic phenomenon systems. Thus, legislative practices that regulate this analysis got to keep up. Before allowing business use of GMOs, governments perform risk assessments to see the attainable consequences of their use, however difficulties in estimating the impact of business GMO use makes regulation of those organisms a challenge.
Proponents of the utilization of GMOs believe that, with adequate analysis, these organisms will be safely commercialized. There are several experimental variations for expression and management of built genes which will be applied to reduce potential risks. A number of these practices are already necessary as a result of new legislation, like avoiding superfluous DNA transfer (vector sequences) and substitution selectable marker genes normally utilized in the workplace (antibiotic resistance) with innocuous plant-derived markers. Problems like the danger of vaccine-expressing plants being mixed in with traditional foodstuffs could be overcome by having identification factors, like pigmentation, that facilitate watching and separation of genetically changed product from non-GMOs. Different intrinsical management techniques embrace having inducible promoters (e.g., evoked by stress, chemicals, etc.), geographic isolation, mistreatment male-sterile plants, and separate growing seasons.
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Get custom essayGMOs profit human beings once used for functions like increasing the supply and quality of food and treatment, and causative to a cleaner setting. If used with wisdom, they might lead to an improved economy while not doing additional damage than sensible, and that they may conjointly create the foremost of their potential to alleviate hunger and sickness worldwide. However, the complete potential of GMOs cannot be realised while not due diligence and thorough attention to the risks related to every new GMO on an independent basis.
The report is about the difficulties based on cultural differences marketers and advertising agents have to deal with when setting up an advertising campaign.
Get original essayThe research report will try to show what are the main problems marketers are confronted with when they set up an advertising campaign for the world markets. It is not the goal of the essay to find new approaches to avoid expensive mistakes connected with the wrong advertising campaign. It rather should show with examples where global companies have made mistakes in the past, what the consequences were and should show what companies do and did to avoid such embarrassing mistakes and maybe where the changes in avoiding those mistakes are.
The methods chosen by the companies or advertising agencies to avoid marketing mistakes should be found out by a questionnaire, which will be sent to the biggest advertising agencies in New Zealand via email. It is expected that they all use similar approaches when shaping and converting campaigns for the target markets.
The topic of the report has been an increasing factor when designing international marketing strategies in recent years and will become more important in the next millennium. The reasons are a world, which moves up tighter together depending on the fast development of new technologies, which allows us to communicate with nearly every part of the world everytime. To avoid irritations based on cultural differences we have to know the cross-cultural differences.
Another not less important factor is the many mergers in the last years, which lead to an increasing number of global players, which enter the global markets with their marketing strategies. To create the right mix they have to spend time on studying the differences in consumer behaviour based on cultural differences before creating a marketing strategy.
Where are the limits of setting up an advertising campaign concerning the different consumer behaviour based on cultural differences?
Many theories exist which deal with the topic. And also much research has been done to prove these theories. But only few authors have been able to develop strategies or solutions, which use the acknowledgements granted by the research. The reason might be that the universal strategy that fits for all problems caused by cultural differences does not exist.
To find out something about the limits of cross-cultural advertising it is necessary to know how marketing and culture are linked and what belongs to culture.
In the research report culture should include language, as a key to its culture, non-verbal communication, religion, time, space colour, numbers and food preferences.
All these elements are included in an advertising campaign and can cause expensive mistakes when marketers do not consider the differences when creating for example an commercial.
Another very important fact, which has to be considered, is that high- and low-context cultures exist. Many authors have written about this topic. One of the firsts who mentioned this in connection with global marketing was Wells (1987, cited in Martenson 1989). He presumed that high- and low-context cultures exist and that this should be considered when setting up an advertising campaign. His assumption was confirmed by a research by Rita Martenson (1989). She tested 239 people who belonged to five cultural groups with different grades of context-levels. The outcome supported clearly Wells' proposition that high-context cultures get more information from non-verbal communication instruments than people, which belong to a low context culture.
Another assumption which was being tested was the one from Jacobs and Campbell (1961, cited in Martenson 1983). The assumption was that a person belongs up to four or five generations to his culture of origin when he moved into another one, before he adapted the new culture completely. The research found out that a connection exists but that it lasts approximately three generations until the new culture is completely adapted. This outcome is especially for the research report very interesting, because it will try to find out (with the questionnaire, which will be sent to New Zealand biggest advertising agencies) if and how the advertising agencies consider this circumstance when they create an advertising campaign for New Zealand. Many people from the pacific islands live in New Zealand. They belong to a high-context culture and many people with European background who belong to low-context cultures.
Beside this connection between advertising and culture exist other theories. All marketers know that they have to satisfy the needs and wants of the consumers and that the needs and wants are culturally based.
But there are many different opinions in which way an advertising campaign for the global markets should be designed. The published articles, theories and research studies led to a "standardisation versus adaptation" debate. As long as the world exist people wanted to get the most for the least effort. In global advertising that means to enter the global markets with a universal strategy. Theodore Levitt wrote in his article (1983, cited in Herbig 1998) that cultural preferences will belong to the past and the world will become more and more the same. The needs and wants will become the same everywhere in the world. Levitt assumed that global campaigns will achieve long-term success only when they will satisfy the wants and needs of everybody. He recommended to look on the similarities and not on the differences of cultures. To proof his statement he includes examples like Coca-Cola, McDonalds, Pepsi-Cola and Marlboro. But a closer look to these examples shows that they do not use Levitts' idea of the global culture. Rather they transfer the American culture to other cultures.
Other theorists say that you have to adapt local variations. That was confirmed by a survey carried out by the Management Centre Europe when 246 people from 17 countries where asked which way would be the best to advertise a product (cited in Martenson 1989). The majority thought that an international campaign with local variations would be the best way. Only a few thought a standardised campaign would be the best or a completely new one adapted to the local requirements would be the best way.
There is no question at all that a standardised campaign is the best way because it saves a lot of money. But in many cases it is not possible to use one campaign on all markets. Reasons caused by law or political circumstances should be left outside in the report. The report will deal with the reasons caused by culture, which were mentioned above.
Paul A. Herbig recommended in his book some guidelines, which should help to find out when which strategy should be used (1998).
The research report should find out how theory is transferred to praxis and where are the latest changes and if new approaches concerning the strategies exist. At the end it might come up with some recommendations for the future in cross-cultural advertising.
(i) Subjects
The Subjects are the biggest and leading advertising agencies in New Zealand. The questionnaire will be sent to them via email. They are selected on the Internet and in the yellow pages of Wellington, Christchurch and Auckland.
The information is attempted to be collected with a questionnaire, which will be sent via email to the target group mentioned above. First I will introduce myself and show them the reason why they are asked to answer the following questionnaire. The email will also offer them a copy of the report if they are interested in it. This should motivate the companies to reply to the questionnaire.
The first five questions should try to find out how deep the subject is involved in cross cultural marketing / advertising, so that the ones which are not or only less involved can be sorted out because they are not relevant for the research. The following questions are created in an open style so that the subject has to write down his individual experiences with the topic. That should try to facilitate a comparison is possible later on.
The last question is voluntary and should collect examples of marketing mistakes, which can be used in the report.
(iii) Materials
The only material, which is used to make the questionnaire possible, is the email facilities at Massey University.
The results of the questionnaire should be compared. Similarities and differences will be analysed. The analyse will be using a qualitative approach because the questions, especially the last ones are very in depth and do not allow a quantitative analyse. Maybe it will be possible to find out that there exist different approaches on certain kind of markets to avoid marketing mistakes. It is expected that there will be the same main problems and the same parts of culture, which affect the marketers work. The companies who are not or only less involved in cross-cultural advertising/marketing will not be included in the analyse because their answers are baseed on theoretical experiences.
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Get custom essayThe report will come to a conclusion as it connects the already known theories mentioned above (point 4) with the practical experiences of the companies, found out by the questionnaire. It might not be possible to draw up some recommendations but maybe it will be possible to show a change of dealing with cross cultural problems and based on that change their might be a possibility to show some interesting ways, which will affect that field in the future.
When the status quo is saturated with discouragement and mediocrity and festers with inefficacy and putrid failure, accepting seems like the most comforting default reaction. Nevertheless, Mr. Joe Clarke in the 1989 film “Lean on Me” demonstrates that challenging the status quo can be tiresome, controversial and acerbic but the results when they come, blossoms with the sweet fruit of one’s commitment and determination.
Get original essayThe film includes many colourful cast members but the key ones are Mr Joe Clarke, the controversial teacher which the film centres around, Ms. Lavias, the vice-principal, Mayor Don Bottman who is threatened by the state to take control of the schools who doesn’t pass the basic skills test, Keneesha Carter, a student who the author singled out by creating a view that delves deeper into her life, giving the audience a view of the personal struggles a typical student of EHS faces. There is also Leonna Barrett, a parent who is not pleased with expulsion of her son who in turn blackmails the mayor in order to gain distinction to vote Mr. Clark out of authority.
The film “Lean on Me” is a movie based on a true story which begins with a transitory sequence at a well-run urban high school in 1967 called Eastside High in Paterson, New Jersey. Within that school, there was a teacher by the name of Joe Clark who was very passionate about teaching. His unconventional methods made learning more enjoyable.
However, the other teachers were not too fond of his methods. It was seen that he alienated his principal which resulted in him being transferred out. It fast forwards 20 years later with Clark more or less teaching in a good school in a seemingly nice neighbourhood. Then we get an updated look at Eastside High which has become the town’s most deeply troubled, mostly minority high school, where violence drug-dealing and intimidation are facts of life and little or no learning takes place.
The movie continues with Mr. Clark assuming his post as principal ignoring the pleasantries from the staff and begins to issue orders in a semi military fashion. He asks for a list of the drug dealers and habitual troublemakers in the student body and expels them all. To build morale he insists that every child learn the school song. One of the expelled students implores Mr. Clark to give him another chance and after giving him a rough ‘pep talk’ another chance is issued. At a parents’ meeting he runs afoul of Leonna Barrett for the expulsion of so many students who in turn begins a campaign for the removal of his leadership. Mr. Clark implemented an open door policy so that students may visit and discuss trials faced at school or even at home in private. He then become understanding and helpful and visits the parent to offer useful solutions to assist them.
Drug dealers continue to barge into the schools and are let in by their clients, so in effort to curb this Mr. Clark responds by chaining the school doors while classes are in session. He receives a tip off that his measure was being looked into by the fire chief fuelled by Ms. Barrett but is eventually caught and is arrested. A school board meeting is called for the dismissal of Mr. Clark for the breaching of safety for the students.
However, the school body holds a rally outside City Hall shouting “Free Mr. Clark!” The mayor visits him in jail and asks him tell the students to go. Ms. Barrett tries to address the students saying that they will get a better principal. The students shout her down stating that they don’t want another principal but Mr. Clark. Ms. Lavias shows up with the test results stating that the students of Eastside High passed with flying colours which leads to the confrontation turning into a merriment resulting in the legal case being dropped from Mr. Clark and his position retained at the school.
The film develops several profound and insightful themes, one that stands out is that of leadership. We see this running throughout the entire film but it is prominent in scenes such as when the entire school body had assembled in one location and he gave the school body an order; faculty and students alike. At this point one teacher ignores the directive and acts contrarily. Mr Clarke saw this as act that could potentially undermine his authority and so he proceeds to rebuke the teacher by sending him out of the room and to his office.
Another instance in which the theme of leadership was displayed was the point at which he proceeds to chain the gates to keep students within the school. This is obviously an unorthodox move since it defied fire safety codes and it did raise an outcry but he took this bold drastic action because he felt it was necessary to accomplishing the goal he had established for the school.
The intended audience for this film would be anyone who is faced with an insurmountable challenge that on the outside appears daunting and impossible. That audience would be all humans for, challenges are an inextricable part of the life we live. We all come away from watching this film with a new, invigoured attitude towards viewing and approaching our challenges, whether professional, personal or otherwise.
The writer of the story behind this film adopts a didactic, demonstrative tone. He aims to teach his audience the value of holding firm to your goals and convictions despite resistance and adversity and your vision not being a popular one. He demonstrates this throughout the entire film at first showing the challenges Mr. Clarke was up against; the dismal deteriorated state the school had slumped into, the radical route he had to take in an effort to turn it around and towards the end of the film, the final results of his efforts.
The film is successful in developing this moral especially because it presents a stark contrast between the state of the school upon Mr. Clarke’s arrival and the drastic turn around that the school has undergone by the end of the film. The viewer is left in awe of this transformation since he has been shown and startling example of just how much your efforts and attitude to your challenges can make the seemingly impossible happen.
The screen writer employs several varieties of English in this film. This too contributes to the film being realistic – able to be seen in parallel to our everyday life. Two of these are the use of dialect such as when Mr. Clark remarks, “that’s all I’m gonna say” during a meeting with the parents. There is also the use of profanity- words that are deemed morally inappropriate. This we hear when Mr. Clarke addresses a student and tells him “if you want to kill yourself don’t f_ck around...”
Also used in the film are a number of literary devices. When Mr. Clarke says in his speech “one bad apple spoils the whole bunch” to justify his decision to expel a number of severely deviant students, this was a case of a metaphor being used. He used this device to get the parents to realize that he was making a change in the school so that the students could go to a place where their hearts and mind rise and the shadow of failure that looms over them can be in the past. The device paradox is used when Mr. Clark states, “I fell down on my knees and I cried to the Lord, My God why has thou forsaken me?” And the Lord said, “Joe you are no damn good at all unless you take this opportunity and do whatever you have to.”
Although Mr. Clark’s personality was deemed as raw and beneath contempt, his seemingly out of control and intimidating behaviour got the mission completed and successful. His methods of discipline were bizarre but necessary in order for the school to make a complete turnaround. What did not work was the same attitude bestowed on the faculty which caused animosity that could have been avoided and perhaps the work load being lighter for them working together as team players.
The novel “It Ends With Us” by Colleen Hoover talks about Lily Bloom's love life and her personal development and maturing. In the novel, we're introduced to two additional characters - Atlas Corrigan, her childhood boyfriend and a new love interest Ryan Kincaid. Throughout the book, the history of her abusive home and her descent into an abusive relationship are revealed and how she attempts to escape that relationship. This novel and its characters have evoked a wide range of emotions and thoughts in me. It has caused me to contemplate and question many things I thought I knew about myself and abusive relationships as a whole. I was thrown into the shoes of a character that goes through something I've never gone through before, and it altered my perception of myself in terms of how I would behave in that situation versus how I had always assumed I would react.
Get original essayThis novel begins with Lily on top of a rooftop reminiscing about her fathers funeral when her thoughts are interrupted by a man bursting onto the roof and suddenly throwing a chair. Lily describes him as beautiful. Later he reveals his name is Ryle and he's a neurosurgeon. They start sharing naked truths with one another, a concept that repeats itself throughout the book a lot.
Lily and Ryle part their ways on the roof after he's called for work but that's not the last of him. In the next few chapters, we learn more about Lily's passion for gardening and how Ryle somehow manages to creep into her mind and life every once in a while. This shows the development of their relationship and Ryles personal maturity with his mindset to love. He went from “The thought of marriage repulses meâ?¦ love has never appealed to me. It's always been more of a burden than anything” (page 22-23) to not being able to get her off his mind and eventually falling in love with her.
Simply said, I had the same feelings for Ryle as Lily. I too fell for his charming personality and the effort he put in to be a good boyfriend to Lily. That's exactly what Colleen wished for. She wanted us to put ourselves in Lily's shoes and go through what she goes through in order to gain a better understanding of how these types of relationships work.
I remember when I first started reading 'It Ends With Us' I saw Ryle as a bit aggressive, impulsive and unprofessional- considering he was smoking a joint while training to be a doctor. Throughout the novel, he confused Lily and played with her emotions. But as I became more engaged in the plot and saw his dedication to having Lily, Ryle grew on me, and I was all for it.
When the first incident happened I was shocked. I remember picking up my phone and texting my friend (who already read the book) in complete surprise. After everything Lily has been through in her childhood she didn't deserve this. But when Lily decided to stay with him I supported her. I wanted to believe it was a one-time thing as well. When looking back now I'm in shock for ever thinking that. As a girl who always swore that if a guy laid his hands on her she would walk away to fall for that situation in a book. It doesnâ??t even make sense to me.
Atlas, her childhood boyfriend is mentioned throughout the novel, in different encounters she had with him but mostly when Lily reads her old diaries she kept from Maine. The second encounter they had was when Lily and Ryle had dinner with his sister and her fiance at a restaurant called “Bibs”, which was soon discovered to be Atlas's restaurant. When dessert is brought out Atlas comes to their table to ask about their food. “Atlas's eyes fall to the cut on my eye. The bandage wrapped around Ryle's hand. Back to my eye... His jaw hardens and he says nothing and walks away” (page 195).
Atlas heard and saw in his own eyes the things Lily's father did to her mother. He was there when Lily's father almost raped her mother and protected Lily from getting hurt. Lily used to tell him how she thought her mother deserved better and how she can't believe that she didn't leave him yet. Atlas was in shock to see his first love in the same situation she swore she would never get to. He confronted her in the bathroom and told her to leave him but Lily defended Ryle. Atlas compares Lily to her mother, trying to get her to understand what she's doing.
The second incident happened and I was just as shocked as the first time. At that moment I didn't want her to forgive him anymore, I was done with it, she deserved better than him but once again an excuse came. Ryle tells Lily about his traumatizing past and my heart couldn't help but break for “baby” Ryle. The Ryle that had to pay the consequences of his parents' ignorance. At the start of the novel, one of Ryles naked truths was how he had to watch a kid die because he and his brother found a gun in his parents' bedroom. The younger brother was holding it and it went off by accident. Only after learning about Ryle's traumatic past do we understand how much this affected him. “It'll destroy him for life, that's what it will do' (page 18). I found myself justifying his behaviour. I once again let myself fall for that act just like Lily did and thousands of other women do.
The fact that everything is almost too perfect at this point has me on edge, waiting for anything horrible to happen again. As the saying goes, 'good things don't last'. My suspicions were proved correct. It happened again and my first thought was for Lily to run as far away as she can. I wasn't falling for it again. I didn't care about his PTSD and anger issues anymore. What he did had no justification. He could've caused serious harm to her. My heart was also breaking at the same time. This situation gives the feeling of losing hope, giving up on Ryle. They both knew this situation couldn't be undone.
“Just because someone hurts you doesn't mean you can simply stop loving them. It's not a person's actions that hurt the most. It's the love. If there was no love attached to the action, the pain would be a little easier to bear” (page 321).
The last incident with Ryle was the hardest and most mentally draining in this book. Ryle reads an article about Atlas's restaurant, he finds out the restaurant is named after her, he finds and reads her old journals. He finds out the meaning of the tattoo on her collarbone and Atlas's phone number in her phone case. He raged and hit her head, bit her and almost raped her. When she woke up from that horrible night, the first thing she did was call Atlas. 'I hate myself because the day he placed his number there, I opened it and looked at it. I hate myself, because deep down inside, I knew there was a chance I might one day need it. So I memorized it (268-269)'
Atlas gave her a place to stay while things calmed down with Ryle and until he left for his trip. She later finds out she is pregnant with Ryles' child. She was faced with so many thoughts and possible decisions about her and Ryle's future.
When we had discussions about abusive relationships at school, I always said that those situations are much more complicated than they seem and that we can't judge women we see on TV for staying with their partners and endangering their and their kids' lives. But even when I knew and understood that these situations aren't black and white and there are more factors to consider, I've always believed and promised myself that if I'm ever in a position where someone puts their hands on me, I'll walk away without hesitation. “It Ends With Us” made me realize that even with my mature thinking and my personal belief I'm strong enough to leave, I might not react in the way I always thought I would.
Lily felt Ryle could change because she loved him so much, a mentality that many victims adopt. Colleen displays this victims mentality, highlighting the difficulty when the person you love is the one hurting you the most physically and emotionally. It's just like she said, just because someone hurts you doesn't mean you can stop loving them.
I was so proud of Lily for making the best decision she could for herself and her daughter. I was even pleased with Ryle. I know that seems insane, but after the last incident, I had no wish for them to be together. Even if Ryle had the ability to change, I didn't believe the risk was worth it. When I say I'm proud of Ryle, I'm referring to the moment he understood their relationship was unhealthy and Lily was right.
After giving birth and the question of if they should try and fix their marriage came up she asked him what he would tell his daughter if she was getting abused by a man. “I would beg her to leave him. I would tell her that she is worth so much more. And I would beg her not to go back, no matter how much he loves her. Sheâ??s worth so much more” (page 359).
At that moment he was hypothetically talking about their daughter, but those words were for Lily. It also goes back to what Ryle said when he met Lily. “There is no such thing as bad people. We're all just people who sometimes do bad things” (page 17). Because at that moment, when Ryle made that selfless decision to walk away he was a good person who had done bad things.
Colleen ends this chapter with such a powerful paragraph that really made me stop for a second to think about and I couldn't agree more. “Cycles exist because they are excruciating to break. It takes an astronomical amount of pain and courage to disrupt a familiar pattern. Sometimes it seems easier to just keep running in the same familiar circles, rather than facing the fear of jumping and possibly not landing on your feet. My mother went through it. I went through it. I'll be damned if I allow my daughter to go through it. I kiss her on the forehead and make her a promise. It stops here. With me and you. It ends with us' (page 360-361).
In the end, I couldn't shake the feeling that I felt bad for Ryle. I was happy for Lily. I was happy for her and her daughter. I was happy for Atlas. However, I felt bad for Ryle. I wasn't sorry he was left alone. I didn't care that he and Lily didn't work out. I didn't mind that Lily had her 'happily ever after' while he didn't. By having a future with his daughter, he got more than he already deserved. I believe I was sorry for how much he loved Lily. I was sorry for the fact that he was an abuser because of the potential he would have had if that wasn't a factor. I felt most sorry because I believe this couldâ??ve all been avoided if years ago his parents were more careful.
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Get custom essayTo say this book was a sort of a realization for me is putting it lightly. It made me rethink things I thought I knew about myself, and it continues to do so. I have never read a book that touches on such a relevant subject to our world in such a powerful way. It gives you a different perspective of the topic, makes you understand that not everything is black and white and getting up and leaving is so much harder than people may think. I recommend this book to young teenagers and even women who currently suffer from abusive relationships in order to encourage them to break the cycle as well.