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Take pride in what you do. I believe that people should take pride in their work, and if they really want to do something, they should do it, and they shouldn’t let anyone hold them back.

I have been in sports since I was in third grade. I am in some advanced classes for my grade, and I continue with all of those challenges today, and I will never stop with those challenges. There was a couple of kids that always made fun of me because I was in all of the advanced classes but I just ignored them and moved on. It was the same thing with basketball, people would tell me that I wasn’t good but I ended up beating them in one on one because I never stopped practicing, and I always take pride in my work.

A couple years back people started to compliment me on my grades and on my athleticism, because I take pride in my work. When I was younger, my parents and other adults told me that I would play a lot of basketball in high school if I keep on practicing and improve my skills, because of them telling me those things I practice all the time, and I try to be in the gym as much as I can, and I always make sure that my homework is done. Also my friends, family, neighbors, teachers, and other people all give me compliments on my academics. I hope I get a scholarship for my academics and also my athletics, just like my neighbors children across the street.

Now that I am in High School it has been even tougher trying to keep up with sports and academics since I am in advanced math, chemistry, gifted and talented, an engineering competition, and basketball. I try my hardest to keep up the pace, and I will never stop practicing, and practicing, and practicing, because I want to keep the pride in my work. Sure all of my advanced classes has its ups and downs and so do the sports I play, but I am proud of what I do. My parents never questioned my passion, and are always supporting me. Even when I am doing homework until midnight, waking up in the middle of the night o make sure all of my homework is done, and constantly bugging my dad to go play basketball with me, they still take pride in what I do, and I take pride in what I do.

Sure all of this is hard work but I believe that it will all pay off in the end. I am hoping to get a masters degree in either business or engineering because I love math and I am really good at it too. I hope to stay fit and continue with sports and athletics for the rest of my life, and I hope that I can pass all of my beliefs to my children, and I hope that they too will pass down the beliefs to their children. I hope that all of the people reading this will take pride in their work, and I hope that they continue with their dreams, and I know that they will surpass their dreams once they take pride in their work.

Works Cited

1. Damon, W., Menon, J., & Bronk, K. C. (2003). The development of purpose during adolescence. Applied Developmental Science, 7(3), 119-128.
2. Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House.
3. Eccles, J. S., & Gootman, J. A. (Eds.). (2002). Community programs to promote youth development. National Academies Press.
4. Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109.
5. Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self: A developmental perspective. Guilford Press.
6. Luthar, S. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: Implications for interventions and social policies. Development and Psychopathology, 12(4), 857-885.
7. Mahoney, J. L., Cairns, R. B., & Farmer, T. W. (2003). Promoting interpersonal competence and educational success through extracurricular activity participation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(2), 409-418.
8. Marsh, H. W. (2007). Self-concept theory, measurement, and research into practice: The role of self-concept in educational psychology. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(3), 663-676.
9. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54-67.
10. Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S. (2000). Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 68-81.

Othello is, among other things, a play about words. Each character's essence is expressed by a distinct idiom, and each character succeeds or fails, at least to an extent, because of language. A passage in the temptation scene, 3.3.191-222, demonstrates how Iago uses language to manipulate Othello, and how Othello's language in turn expresses his descent from reason into jealousy. This passage is a provocative example of how, in Othello, words not only express but actually create the characters' shifting realities.

One of the major ironies of Othello is that most of its characters are unable to acknowledge the hidden meanings of words; as a result, they remain ignorant of the language-generated scripts they are following. Iago is the only character fully capable of deconstructing language and using it for manipulative purposes (Hall 45). In his efforts to convince Othello of his wife's infidelity, Iago uses language to create an air of intimate confidence. His tone is falsely caring as he plants suspicions in Othello's heart: "now I shall have reason / To show the love and duty that I bear you / With franker spirit" (3.3.193-95). Iago's self-serving repetition of "I hope you will consider what is spoke / Comes from my love" (3.3.216) furthers Othello's feeling of reassurance. In order to appear even more earnest, he feigns hesitation with lines like "I speak not yet of proof" and "I humbly do beseech you of your pardon / For too much loving you" (3.3.196, 214). This pretense of sincerity coupled with humility makes his adultery theories about Desdemona all the more convincing.

His tentativeness also invites responses from Othello and thus enables Iago to check the progress of his manipulation. Iago uses language not only to give himself the illusion of credibility, but to create a bond between himself and Othello. In this passage, Iago's speech is elevated to match the quality of Othello's speech and thereby win his trust. This unnaturally elevated language is a contrast to his prose idiom, which is more in keeping with his coarse nature. (The only other two characters to speak in prose are Desdemona and the clown. Prose is assigned to the clown to reflect his lower social rank; Desdemona uses prose in moments meant to emphasize her pure nature. ) An example of Iago's coarse language can be found in Act Two, Scene Three when he speaks to Cassio of Desdemona: "I'll warrant her full of gameâ¤|What an eye she has! Methinks it sounds a parley to provocationâ¤|Well, happiness to their sheets! Come, lieutenant, / I have a stoup of wine, and here without are a / brace of Cyprus gallants that would fain have a measure to the health of black Othello" (19-29). This is contrasted with the delicate nature of his speech in lines 215-20 of the temptation passage: "I hope you will consider what is spoke / Comes from my love. But I do see y' are moved. / I am to pray you not to strain my speech / To grosser issues, nor to larger reach / Than to suspicion."

Not only prose but also soliloquies and asides are absent from lines 3.3.191-222. Nor are there any interruptions to this scheming and one-sided dialogue. Presumably these kinds of cues to the audience would distract from the growing intimacy between the two men. The blank verse Iago uses instead creates a concentrated atmosphere of emotional connection between Othello and Iago, which culminates in Othello's declaration in line 215: "I am bound to thee forever." In Act Three, Scene Four, the bond is formally staged through the symbolic exchange of wedding vows between the kneeling knave Iago and his victim Othello (Hall 47). As the passage continues, Othello's psychological transformation is evident in the words he speaks -- or does not speak. The first thing to note about Othello's reactionary language in the passage is not its quality but its quantity.

Despite his reputation and overall prominence, Othello speaks only eight of the passage's thirty-one lines. The first three of Othello's lines introduce a motif of the passage: the erasure of his doubt. The rest are simple responses or echoes of Iago's manipulations: "Dost thou say so?"; "And so she did"; "I will not." All show Othello's weakening spirit and compliant tone. "I am bound to thee forever" in line 213 similarly echoes Iago, who in line 195 introduced the notion that the two men are bound in fates. Othello's "Not a jot, not a jot" of line 215 recalls Iago in line thirty-six when he says, "Nothing, my lord; of if-I know not what." The repetition of nothingness and contradictions allows us to see more clearly the impotency of Othello before Iago's overwhelming verbal and emotional assaults. Iago is a miserable man and knows "I am not what I am" (2.3.42). Now he shares his sense of nothingness with his "noble lord." In 3.3.106, Othello exclaims to Iago: "By heaven, thou echoest me." Of course, the reverse is true; as Othello falls under Iago's spell, his language increasingly resembles Iago's. For example, we see the tone of irony Othello has borrowed from Iago. Ironic language was inconsistent with the self-assured identity Othello used to possess, but now that jealousy has taken hold of him, he can cry things like, "I am abused, and my relief / Must be to loathe her. O curse of marriage / That we call these delicate creatures ours, / And not their appetites!" (3.3.267-269). An example of Othello mirroring Iago's language appears in 207-8: "She loved them most. / And so she did." Another instance of echoing is in lines 195 and 213 respectively. Iago states: "as I am bound" to which Othello replies "I am bound to thee forever." From this bond, insinuations are able to clutter the Moor's once open mind. Iago's commanding "Why go to then!" speeds the closing of his devilish trap (3.3.208). Lying is another of the passage's motifs. Ironically, Iago, the man who is misleading Othello, advises Othello against being blinded to the truth. He reminds Othello of his blackness by visualizing Desdemona seeming to "shake and fear [his] looks" (3.3.207). Next, he warns that Desdemona was able to "seel her father's eyes up close as oak..." (3.3.210) and alludes to the falconry practice of sewing up hawk's eyes. A further irony is that Othello begins the passage with a declaration of his commitment to the truth: "I'll see before I doubt; when I doubt, prove; / And on the proof there is no more but this: / Away at once with love or jealousy!" (3.3.191-193). Gradually, however, Othello takes on the language of a dissembler by lying to himself or at least his former identity.

Whereas Iago is able to conceal his cunning by denouncing his own actions, Othello is an inexperienced liar. He learns to lie by echoing the thoughts of Iago. Since the passage addressed comes at the beginning of Othello's negative transformation, his language has not yet completely deteriorated. However, a suggestion of his forthcoming speech-habits appears in line 191, where his use of the doublet reflects his anxiety: "I'll see before I doubt; when I doubt, prove." He is in effect reduced to a stammer. The final results of the transformation, which began in the temptation scene, are revealed in lines 299 and 339 of Act Five, Scene Two. Iago, satiated with the success of his words, affirms that "From this time forth never will [I] speak a word." The completeness of Othello's transformation is underscored as he calls out a warning: "Then must you speak / of one that loved not wisely, but too well." The subtext of this line is that Brabantio's statement: "But words are words" is wrong (1.3.215). Thus the tragedy concludes with a bold, if belated, acknowledgment of the power of language. The words alone are the play.

Works Cited

1. Hall, Joan. Othello: A Guide to the Play. London: Greenwood Press, 1999.
2. Shakespeare, William. "Othello." New York: Signet, 1998.

One of the main advantages of obtaining a higher education that many people can agree upon is a future with some type of financial security due to a steady profession and income. According to College Board’s Education Pays 2013 report, individuals with higher levels of education earn more and are more likely than others to be employed. The report also states that college graduates earn about 65% more than high school graduates and those with advances degrees earn two to three times as much as high school graduates. The earnings premium increases as workers move further along their career paths (College Board, 2013). It is very clear and understandable that the more education one has the more opportunities they have, as long as they are willing to invest their money, their effort and their time. Higher education not only provides better employment opportunities, it also influences health and provides knowledge to living healthy lifestyles. Being better educated can increase people’s knowledge and cognitive skills, allowing them to make improved decisions in regards to their health, healthcare and managing their medical care. According to an article written by the Commission to Build a Healthier America, greater educational attainment has been associated with health-promoting behaviors including increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables and other aspects of healthy eating, engaging in regular physical activity, and refraining from excessive consumption of alcohol and from smoking. Statistics show that college educated adults are less likely than others to be obese and children living in households with more educated parents are less likely than other children to be obese (Education Pays, 2013). It has been established that higher education is correlated to higher paying job with an income that affords them the ability to live in neighborhoods that have minimal to no crime rates with access to recreational facilities. This is an example of a health promoting environment that encourages and enables people to adopt and maintain healthy behaviors (Commission to Build a Healthier America, ) therefore permitting for a longer life. People with higher education also tend to participate actively and contribute to society. This means that these individuals are open to volunteering in their communities by providing assistance to homeless shelters and those that are less fortunate as well as keeping their communities clean. These individuals also are aware of the government and its policies, their civic responsibilities, voting and other political interests. This offers individuals a sense of satisfaction and happiness.

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Benefits also come with costs or disadvantages. When it comes to attaining a higher education one of the biggest disadvantage is debt. The cost of college is very expensive and the average student cannot afford the cost, causing them to have to use government/federal loans or private loans in order to pay for their education, unless they have full scholarships or financial aid to cover the cost of tuition. The cost of college tuition is increasing at a fast rate yet students who cannot afford to go to college, continue to enroll. The Wall Street Journal reported that according to an analysis of government data, the average college student is burdened with debt after graduation of at least $33,000.and every year the number of students taking on debt increases. Student debt now is overwhelming the older generation. In 2012, there were 6.9 million student loan borrowers 50 and over that together owed $155 billion with individual average balances between $19,521 and $23,820. According to the US Congress Joint Economic Committee, about 60%of 2011 college graduates have student loan debt balances that are equal to 60% of their annual income.

Another disadvantage of higher education is unemployment. Although the chances of finding a well-paying job after graduating from an institution of higher education are higher than finding one right after college, research showed in 2010 that only 4.1% of college graduates were unemployed, that number is now at 7.9% according to USA Today’s research of 2014 College Graduates. Compared to the 13.8% of unemployed High School dropout students, it does show that having higher education reduces your chances of unemployment, but according to an Article from 2010 in the Huffington Post people with higher education or advanced degrees were as vulnerable to long-term unemployment as people without higher education once they are unemployed. In 2011, 50% of US college graduates under the age of twenty five were only employed part-time or had no job (Huffington Post). Most employers would rather higher people with experience over a degree because having experience and training shows you have skills that those with a college degree lack. There is no guarantee that with higher education you will get a job after graduating.

Another disadvantage of obtaining a higher education is the delay of entering the real world as well as a lack in real world involvement. Going to college means foregoing valuable opportunities to work and gaining hands on skills, learning and training. The Time/Carnegie Corporation of New York (2012) survey reported that 40% of undergraduate students believe that the purposes and goal of completing a bachelor’s degree is to gain new knowledge and skills for a career. For instance, Lagemann and Lewis (2012) have suggested that the public purpose for attending colleges and universities has less to do with the pursuit of economic or employment benefits and much more about preparing young adults with generic skills and civic education such as, civic values, ideals, and virtues. They argued that college students must "develop generic skills and dispositions to listen intently and empathetically to other people … analyze rationally what is said, read, and observed; … present thoughts clearly; … confront unsupported assertions; and …identify reasonable strategies to take necessary action" (Lagemann & Lewis, 2012, p. 12). Majority of students do not feel they learn these skills in college, making the purpose of attending a four year institution of higher education useless.

There are a number of factors to take into consideration when deciding whether obtaining a higher education can be a positive decision or a negative decision and if a person should or should not pursue. The advantages of attaining a higher education range from guaranteed employment, improved healthy lifestyles, higher income, to social recognition. While the disadvantages of attaining a higher education range from increased debt to delay of real world experience. Going to an expensive or private four year institution rather than going a regular public or community college is also a decision that many people have to decide. Some people feel that the level of education you will attain is greater at a private school because of the cost and that teachers are more passionate about what they are teaching but at a public college or university you are getting what you pay for, less. Whether a person attends a four year private or public institution of higher education, it does not matter as long as they finish because obtaining a degree is a very huge achievement in life. It is one of the American dreams due to all the years of hard work and stress. Whether a person decides to attend a public or private school does not matter because at either one they will be exposed to
people of different diversities with different ideas. College is an investment that many should take that chance at investing in. According to a 2011 Pew Research survey, 86% of college graduates believed college was a good investment.

The degree type obtained by the individual as well as the career choice and the economy play a huge role in assisting with the decision making of whether obtaining a higher education really matter. The individual’s eagerness to learn should also be a factor in deciding whether to further their education and attend an institution of higher education. Besides the mentioned advantages and disadvantages, people must also decide what their end goal in life is. They need to understand that what you put in is what you should expect back. Many American value a college education, character is valued even more. 61% of young people say that ethic is extremely important in being able to succeed in the world (Pew Research, 2011). A person does not have to attend a four year institution in order to reap all the advantages or benefits that a person who did attend experienced.

Computing resources can be offered through the storage cloud. Cloud computing as a technology advancenment provides service for storage of data and users may acquire these data through the use of the internet. Resources which can be stored in the cloud includes programs and applications, data and information. Examples include email management and software storage. The target groups upon the implementation of the cloud computing includes the following; private users, public users, members of the community and the hybrid group. The private group will have their services accessed from different location. Unlike the public where bidding process is involved so that anyone will be able to give out the best proposal is given the offer.

The main functional parts in the cloud include the following three models:Platform as a service- the software programs are installed in this cloud modelSoftware as a service- this is where software programs are downloaded and uploadedInfrastructure as a service- ensures that all network devices are connected through the right protocol.Literature review The organization should also make use of control measures concerning cloud security issues and may stay away from them. Likewise, if there should arise an occurrence of an event, the company will be prepared to control the harm and recover from the fiasco in negligible reaction time.

Recurrence of a problem is one of the security estimates that will be utilized to shield the cloud applications from a range of related risks. The hackers won't have the capacity to stick to the system if the recurrence is adjusted at normal cycles. The cloud APIs can prevent security issues by just giving out an alert to the users and admins to alert them on the problem issue. The admins will immediately block the intruder from further appearances. This a security concern to all the users of the cloud storage model. The popup message can be link to the email to ensure that a quick alert is passed to all the admins.

The utilization of encryption of the considerable number of informational indexes will be influenced obligatory with the goal that the attackers will bomb in the abuse of the data sets. The verification plans utilized in the cloud storage will likewise be improved to stay away from information ruptures. Since cloud platforms are prone to various types of attacks such as the brute force attacks, a confirmation, and multi-overlay verification plans are used to keep away from those threats from infringing of access control (Robinson, Vogt & Wagealla, 2006). Organizations must not limit to the well-established cloud access control measures. The more up to date types of access control tools in the cloud will be utilized and incorporated in the application.

Innovation is quickly progressing and the use of innovation in the field of security controls has been noteworthy. The ascent of cyberattacks and other electronic attacks has prompted the rise and improvement of specialized devices and controls for security. Malware attacks on the cloud applications will be controlled and identified with the mix of the application with the most recent attacker of malware devices. Denial of service devices and dispersed software of managing and controlling attacks will be identified and counteracted with the denial of service devices. The point of the association will not be limited towards the counteractive action and recognition of the attacks. Be that as it may, the event of such issues will be maintained a strategic distance from and the success must be done towards that path also.

One of such estimates that will be utilized will benefit reviewing of the service. The procedure will rattle off every one of the administrations being done on the cloud server. Every one of the points of interest related with the system ports and hubs and the cloud conventions will be presented by this procedure. An ongoing introduction and investigation of the application administrations will be made accessible. Another procedure that will be utilized in a similar way will be document reviewing.

Disaster recovery and risk control are also the instruments that will prompt the measure of the data and informational collections. There must be a catastrophic recovery plan created for the task with the goal that all types of security issues might be taken care of and handled. There are computerized reinforcement and recovery instruments and plans that must be incorporated in the cloud service providers. These instruments will keep a duplicate of the informational indexes at a substitute area. The application will be taken back to the recovery state on account of the service provider.

Table of contents

1. Legislation
Careers in the IT industryKey Challenges and Opportunities facing the IT Sector

The technology sector is a rapidly growing area of work. As a result there are laws that need to be followed in order to protect the workforce and the company itself. In this assignment , I will look into the legislation that exists in order to effectively guard this information as well as looking into the vast amount of careers, opportunities and challenges that fall under the umbrella of the IT sector.

Legislation

Just like most sectors nowadays, there is a lot of rules which must be followed in order to protect people and their identities as well as from seeing the wrong kind of content when they use such powerful technology. This information is protected by the Data Protection Act of 1988 and 2003. This law was ultimately born to guard people's private information and to protect personal data. This includes copyrighting, which legally brands peoples own work as theirs, which grants no-one else permission to use that work without the authors/ composers etc. permission.

The Health, Safety and Welfare act 2005 and 2010 also aims to protect communications workers in the workplace. This is important while working with communications as it is very like that the workers will be dealing with technology, machines and other people who may, on occasion, act in a physically or verbally abusive manner.

The Freedom of Information Act 2014 is also important for maintaining an effective communications system in Ireland. This law states that everyone is allowed to access information which belongs to a body that is not exempt from the freedom of information legislation; anyone can change official information in relation to themselves if it contains errors and also asks the person to retain reasons for their decisions that affect themselves. These laws and regulations allow the opportunity for communications workers to work in a safe environment as well as safeguarding the private information belonging to the general public.

Although these laws are highly advantageous in protecting the worker and the data associated with communications technology, it can also restrict us from achieving what we need to achieve in order to carry out tasks to the best of our abilities. This can be in the form of website blockers on non-harmful websites such as YouTube or common information sites such as WikiHow etc.

Careers in the IT industry

As the I.T. industry is an exponentially growing sector, there is no shortage of work and work opportunities. The list of IT occupations is endless ranging from web design to computer engineering and assembly to marketing. This makes it an interesting field to work in as there are constant opportunities to broaden your horizons and progress to new levels of work. Technology employees often work their way up the ladder and progress from their start point, earning themselves higher salaries and greater opportunities.

Perhaps the most reputable organizations in the IT sector in Ireland are Intel, Google, Facebook, SAP and Cúram Software. These organizations provide people in various different areas of specialty in the technology sector with a broad range of career opportunities. Intel Ireland is located in Leixlip and offers employment to over 4,900 people throughout Ireland, making it a tech giant on Irish soil. Facebook is also a massive IT based company and has been named the best tech firm to work for in Ireland by the Irish Times as a result of their benefits packages and their treatment of employees.

Key Challenges and Opportunities facing the IT Sector

One of the biggest challenges facing the IT sector today is the shortage of a skilled workforce. The technology sector is growing at such a rapid rate that it is difficult to find people with the qualifications needed in order to fill the available amount of jobs. While this is ideal for employees, it could be a cause for concern amongst employers. How can they run their company efficiently with a shortage of staff?

A very attractive aspect of working in the IT sector is undoubtedly the opportunity to travel. As many computer systems run on universal coding languages, there is little to worry about in terms of differences in work when you travel abroad. For this reason, someone with efficient IT skills can travel across the globe and always find a suitable job.

Table of contents

1. Introduction
2. Italian Neorealist films
3. Conclusion
4. Works Cited

Introduction

The end of the second World War in the 1940s meant the beginning of an era that was wrought with major socio-political and cultural changes for Italy, one of which was the fall of Mussolini and the fascist regime. In a post-war Italy that was charged in this manner, a group of film critics who worked on the film journal Cinema, such as Luchino Visconti, Gianni Puccini, Cesare Zavattini, Giuseppe De Santis and Pietro Ingrao, saw the need for a neorealist style of filmmaking in Italian Cinema, and less than a decade after the war, these films came into being. This essay will attempt to study and analyse four films that are considered to be some of the best examples of Italian Neorealist films – Roberto Rossellini’s Germania Anno Zero (1948), Vittorio de Sica’s Ladri di Biciclette (1948) and Umberto D (1952), and Federico Fellini’s La Strada (1954).

Italian Neorealist films

While most film movements have been born out of artistic notions that filmmakers felt was lacking in the existing trends of cinema, Italian Neorealism stands out as an exception to this simply because it was born out of certain necessities as much as it was about artistic filmmaking. A major characteristic feature that is often attributed to Italian Neorealist films was the use of real locations rather than studios, unlike its other major contemporaries such as the Hollywood. While this definitely contributed to the style of the neorealist films, it was also inevitable as shooting in studios like the Cinecitta was not possible due to the severe damages borne by them during the war. This real-life location, in itself, then became “open, active, and effective” in carrying the narrative forward as evidently seen in Rossellini’s Germania Anno Zero. The film’s depiction of old buildings destructed by the war at the beginning and end that tells a story of its own – a story of hardships that a war has showered over a previously prospering nation. The young protagonist of the film, Edmund, is another testimony to the hardships that the war has brought forth in numerous waves because he, like other juvenile characters in these films, depict the loss of the innocence of an entire generation of children. Children like him often had their “reassurance of a sheltering domestic life” shattered when “boys were impelled to take on the role of provider and girls the role of caregiver” to support their families in a crippled economy. In the case of Edmund who is burdened with providing for an entire family, this proves fatal to him as his guilt from poisoning his father in an innocent attempt to help the family survive, driven by his father’s own desire to not be a burden, eventually leads to his suicide. Meanwhile, in Vittorio De Sica’s Ladre di Biciclette Bruno Ricci’s loss of innocence is portrayed through him witnessing the unfairness of the society that shatters any hope he or his father may have had for a better future. The stolen bicycle and the ensuing struggle to find it turns into a life lesson to this young boy, who bears witness to his father turning into a bicycle thief out of desperation and being beaten by an angry crowd. His innocence, like Edmund’s, ends the moment they realise that the line between what is just and unjust in a war-torn society is very much blurred or distorted in the favour of the more affluent. It is indeed this very fact that the title of the film, Ladri di Biciclette (The Bicycle Thieves) drives a viewer to ponder upon. If an honest man like Antonio was driven to steal a bicycle in desperation, was the first thief just another man caught in a similar situation? The film does not provide a clear answer to this but it definitely demonstrates the lack of interest on the part of the nation’s governing authorities to ensure the happiness of its working class citizens, which in turn forces them to seek out less than moral or illegal means to survive in a harsh society.

The similarity of Vittorio De Sica’s protagonists in Ladri di Biciclette and Umberto D begins and ends on the fact that they face various hardships of the war that makes them desperate for a form of employment or income. While Antonio appears familiar and capable of hard physical labour, Umberto in his retirement ages is driven to the streets to beg for money when his inability to cover his rent dangles the threat of eviction over his head. Umberto, who probably held a respectable job in his youth, is embarrassed to be seen to be begging in public. When he is unable to do it, he makes his dog, Flike, beg. However, when he comes face to face with an old acquaintance, he claims that his dog was only playing. This highlights an important complication that the middle class gents faced in such a time. Even in the face of desperation, when “inflation and illness erode their meagre pension” menfolk like Umberto are more concerned with “outward appearances” of “a clean shirt, proper behaviour, and good manners” than earning a wage because they are more afraid of the “loss of face, of appearing poor, than of poverty itself.”

The most common themes of this movement centered around the desperation and loss of faith of the citizens in their own government (among other socio-political and cultural themes) that made these films stand out for their portrayal of life, as stark and realistically as possible. The use of real locations, the minimal use of editing, the use of unprofessional actors and the foregoing of rehearsal sequences before each shot contributed to making Italian Neorealist films look very life-like. The use of real locations like the Pantheon in front of which Umberto’s fall is witnessed, indeed brings out the contrast between the prosperity of Italy and its people in the past and its fall to poverty and humiliation in its present while the use of unprofessional actors in these films compels them “to be before expressing” as the professional actor is substituted with just another man from the street. Here Vittorio De Sica’s Bruno becomes just another “silhouette, a face, a way of walking.” Moreover, within the narrative itself, the minimal use of editing or cutting is able to successfully convey the actual duration of the event or at least provide the viewers with a sense of it.

As these films explore real and tragic events, Fellini’s La Strada also holds a comical element. While the characters in these films are just as dramatic as in other films, the comical element here arises from the use of characters like the Fool that act as a comic relief. Here, the idea is not of tragedy or comedy alone, but it is also of portraying the reality of everything that is inside of man, including “spiritual reality” and “metaphysical reality”. In this sense, the existential theme that is represented through the dialogue of the Fool and Gelsomina, whose similarity to Chaplin’s “Little Tramp” adds to the tragicomical element of human frailty, sets apart the neorealism of this film from the others of its time.

Conclusion

By the 1950s, when the economy of Italy had significantly recovered from the aftermath of the second World War, the realist themes of these films fell into a vacuum where its audiences could no longer identify with it. This was a major reason that led to the rapid decline of this short lived movement. The availability of American films added to this, as many viewers now preferred the optimistic themes of Hollywood movies. However, this movement did leave a lasting mark on the global arena of filmmaking. In the Indian context itself, the influence of Italian neorealism was felt by the viewers of what came to be called the Indian Parallel Cinema. In their depiction of social, political and cultural themes, these films drew inspiration from the Italian Neorealist in considerable measures. For instance, as revealed by Bimal Roy himself, it was Vittorio De Sica’s Ladri di Biciclette that inspired him to make one of the earlier classics of Indian Parallel Cinema, Do Bigha Zamin, marking the beginning of a trend in Indian Cinema that set itself apart from the commercial bollywood films in their themes and styles. Moreover, although the Italian Neorealist films were different in their subjects, the use of similar styles, themes and other factors contribute towards setting them apart from other movements by giving them distinctive qualities of their own.

Works Cited

1. Deleuze, G. (1989). Cinema 2: The time-image (H. Tomlinson & R. Galeta, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press.
2. Gunning, T. (1986). The world in a frame: Genre, realism, and the cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
3. Marcus, M. (1986). Filmmaking by the book: Italian cinema and literary adaptation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
4. Marcus, M. (1993). After Fellini: National cinema in the postmodern age. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
5. Marcus, M. (2005). Italian film in the light of Neorealism. Princeton University Press.
6. Petrillo, F. (2012). Re-framing Italian neorealism: Genre, mythology and ideology in Rossellini, De Sica and Fellini. Edinburgh University Press.
7. Rabuzzi, F. (2006). A history of Italian cinema. Continuum.
8. Rohdie, S. (1987). Rethinking Italian Neorealism. Edinburgh University Press.
9. Schrader, P. (1972). Transcendental style in film: Ozu, Bresson, Dreyer. University of California Press.
10. Wood, M. (1976). Ideology, genre, auteur. In R. Pen?a & A. Kinoshita (Eds.), The cinema of Italy (pp. 102-120). Associated University Presses.

Table of contents

1. Introduction
2. Discussion
3. References List

Introduction

This essay has analyzed the brand equity of Tide, including brand awareness and brand image. It has pointed out the lack of uniqueness in Tide’s brand associations and how the “It’s a Tide Ad” IMC campaign improves that. This essay also shows the important role of advertising in building brand equity and creating a successful marketing campaign. Specifically, in this case, was how great the “It’s a Tide Ad” TVC performed and set up the idea for the whole campaign.

Discussion

Detergent is something you want to use instead of talking about it. This is true; laundry and detergent are not the most exciting things to discuss with your friends or post a tweet, even though detergent is a necessity of our life. In the category of laundry detergent, Tide is American’s no.1 detergent. However, its position was being threatened by hundreds of new competitors flooding the market every year. To protect its position in the market, Tide needs to strengthen their brand equity. Therefore, they came up with a crazy, yet amazing plan, and the Super Bowl “It’s a Tide Ad” was born.

Brand equity is the value of a brand. It can be used to describe the financial asset value of the brand on the stock market or how recognizable that brand in customers’ minds. In the late 1980s, people started to think profoundly about brand equity, and thousands of researches about the term are conducted. Among them all, Aaker and Keller’s models of brand equity are the most well-known. According to Keller, the brand equity model is based on two dimensions: brand awareness and brand image. These things can be created through brand marketing and communication.

Brand awareness is how easy for the brand to be recognized by customers among thousands of other competitors. A brand with strong brand awareness can increase the chances in selling their products because the brand can be put into consideration set and may stand out from other choices. After 70 years of using aggressive marketing and advertisement, keeping their famous colorful logo, Tide has built a solid brand awareness which helps them control 25.4% of the market share in the US, ranking first place with more than 1017 million US dollars’ worth of sales in 2018. Besides brand awareness, brand image is another part of building the brand equity model.

Brand image is mostly about consumers’ perception, the impression in consumers’ minds every time someone mentioned the brand. Brand image is built through commercial campaigns and strengthened by their experience when using the products. In this case, the image customers have in mind every time thinking about Tide is a brand providing excellent quality products. This image has been repeated in every of Tide’s advertisements and authenticated by consumers’ clean clothes and 4-star ratings on Walmart.

Even though Tide could satisfy all the needs and wants of consumers with a wide variety of detergents (Trang web Tide), Tide still didn’t have a positive brand image. Because there is no uniqueness in Tide’s products and commercial campaign. No matter how great Tide’s products are, in the end, Tide is just a detergent brand, and every detergent product does the same thing – clean clothes. More than that, detergent is a category in which every brand use sound-alike claims to advertise for their products. Therefore, Tide needs to create a campaign that cannot just increase their sales but differentiate Tide of other competitors. That was the first brief of “It’s a Tide Ad” campaign: do something that’s never been done.

Before doing the “It’s a Tide Ad” campaign, Tide has found out the biggest problem in all laundry detergent campaigns; there is no creativity in doing an advertisement for detergent products, everyone keeps using a dull regular script for every ad. It all starts with clean clothes being dirtied by different kinds of events. Then actors will use the product to wipe out all the stains. Basically, all detergent campaigns focus on dirtiness and stain. Therefore, Tide has decided to approach the problem in another direction; they want people to notice about the result after using their product, perfect cleanliness.

After understanding the problem, Tide needs to find the right moment, and the Super Bowl is the chosen one. Super Bowl is an event that attracts more than 100 million viewers every year; its rating has always been over 40%. In 2017, there are 7 in 10 US households using their TV at that time tuned to the Super Bowl broadcast. In 2018, the year which Tide launched their campaign NRF’s research showed that there is 24% of audiences thought that commercials are the most important part of the Super Bowl. Therefore, Super Bowl is a situation when every brand brings out their strongest “weapons.”

With only 145 seconds of advertising and repeating the catching phrase “If it’s clean, it got to be Tide,” Tide has successfully hijacked every Super Bowl ad and made audiences wonder if every advertisement they are watching is a Tide ad. The idea of the ad is to mimic every typical Super Bowl ad and make them become a Tide ad by focusing on those incredibly clean clothes worn by actors in the TVCs. Not only using advertisements in this campaign, but Tide also took over social media by activating online influencers to join the conversation.

After the first 45-seconds of TVC was broadcast, celebrities started tweeting using the hashtag “#TideAd.” With the act of asking influencers using #TideAd on Twitter combined with broadcasting three more 15-second TVCs, Tide kept reminding audiences to think about Tide in every ad they have seen and took the topic into a higher level. With this campaign, Tide used a completely new idea, focusing on cleanliness instead of dirtiness, which differentiates themselves from other competitors. That idea made their campaign stand out in thousands of other commercial campaigns, showing that creativity is the key to success.

Marketing activities have always affected building brand equity in both positive and negative ways. In the mix of IMC tools, advertising has known to be one of the most important aspects leading to the success of marketing campaigns and has positive effects on brand equity (Simon and Sullivan 1993, cited in Nuwehed 2018) and its dimensions (Cobb-Walgren et al. 1995, cited in Makasi, Govender & Rukweza 2014). Advertising plays a significant role in growing brand awareness. Besides, advertising positively links the consumer with various brand associations, which in turn increases brand equity (Nuwelhed 2018)

In this case, “It’s a Tide Ad” advertisement has done its job excellently and brought in a great result. After the first TV commercial was aired, “Tide” related mentions increased by 2.167%. During the game, #TideAd was used more than 45000 times, ranked second place on a trending topic in Twitter just behind Super Bowl itself. Tide’s latest product, “Tide Ultra Oxy,” presented in the TVCs, sales increased 35% one week after the Super Bowl. Moreover, with the help of social media, Tide has become a cultural phenomenon. Viewers have played along, asked if every ad they see is a Tide Ad, and created their own content and memes.

References List

1. Aatker, D 2013, ‘What Is Brand Equity?’, Aaker On Brands, viewed 15 November 2019, < https://www.prophet.com/2013/09/156-what-is-brand-equity-and-why-is-it-valuable/>.
2. Aitken, L 2018, ‘How Tide owned the 2018 Super Bowl’, Warc, viewed 10 November 2019, .
3. Ho, P 2019, ‘Introduction to Advertising’, MKTG1294, RMIT University, viewed 10 November 2019
4. Mulder, P 2016, Brand Equity, viewed 15 November 2019
5. Nuwelhed, W 2018, ‘The role of advertising in building brand equity within low involvement products’,

Perception of time plays a peculiar role in The God of Small Things, serving both as linear force, dragging the plot along with it, and as a proverbial tar pit, ensnaring and preserving a moment and time. The entire Kochamma family seems stuck in the latter; their ideology of familial superiority no longer matching their present circumstances by the end of the novel. In this way, the Kochamma family’s fall from grace can be viewed as a divergence of Time and Perception of Time, with Time carrying India towards the revolution of modernity and Perception holding the Kochamma family firmly in the past, clinging onto the ghosts of former glory in a vain attempt to maintain a reputation of power and means.

The first indicator of the Kochamma family’s apprehension of time is the non-linear way in which the novel is written, forcing mention of past success as if to offset the steadily lowering fortune of the family. With reoccurring pseudo-flashbacks, each of the elder Kochammas finds solace from the fear of the present by reminiscing and dwelling in the past. Chacko does so with his days as a Rhodes scholar at Oxford, pining for Margaret yet content in his suffering. Baby Kochamma is left yearning for the yesteryears of prosperity while sitting stagnant on her couch, entranced with the superficiality of television. Estha is entrapped in the moment he lost his innocence in the cinema, missing the simplicity of childhood. Even Pappachi, the patriarch of the family, was privately awed by his father the reverend. Rahel was a different matter; actively attempting to flee the history of her family, she came the closest to normalcy. Her boarding school years (however flawed) pushed her further and further away from her family’s influence until, after alighting in Washington D.C., Rahel gave in to the undeniable pull of familial history and returned once more to Ayemenem.

There were, however, exceptions whose contrasting approach strengthens the point, two being Ammu and Velutha. Ammu only evaded the black hole of the Kochamma family history through flight into her own fantasy. Velutha was a force of time in himself. He offered her an escape from tradition, and escape from her societal role, and, most importantly, escape from the past. With Velutha, there were no flashbacks simply because there was no need for Ammu to attempt to obscure the present with the past when she was with him. Together, they made time unnecessary; they had no reason to burden themselves with history since societal norms had already made their relationship publicly impossible. The only viable force left was their emotions: “Somehow, by not mentioning his name, she knew that she had drawn him into the tousled intimacy of that blue cross-stitch afternoon and the song from the tangerine transistor. By not mentioning his name, she sensed that a pact had been forged between her Dream and the World” (210).

The third individual left unhindered by time was Sophie Mol. A visitor to Ayemenem, she had no perception of her role in the Kochamma lineage, and death is the greatest liberator of the soul from Time. Even before her sudden departure, Sophie Mol retained an air of inquisitive aloofness regarding Ayemenem, the Kochamma house, and its inhabitants. By refusing to accept her familial ties, she effectively isolated herself from any influence from the family’s past. Her death was the ultimate event which made her immune to the pull of both Time and the Kochamma family’s influence. With only the memory of her existence remaining, her identity could not be altered by time or family in the way the other characters' identities were. A perfect example involves Sophie Mol’s funeral: “As they lowered Sophie Mol’s coffin into the ground in the little cemetery behind the church, Rahel knew that she still wasn’t dead” (8). Her memory never died, but physical death meant that it could never change. From the moment she died, Sophie Mol’s identity would remain the same, freeing her from the ravages of both time and familial influence.

This refusal/inability to change can be most aptly represented by the toy watch that Rahel and Estha played with in their youth. It is explained that “The wristwatch had the time painted on it. Ten to two. One of her ambitions was to own a watch on which she could change the time whenever she wanted to (which according to her was what Time was meant for in the first place)” (12). This single object can be used as a metaphor for Time and the Perception of Time throughout the entire novel: a mockery of the real thing, the toy watch merely mimics the passage of time, leaving the wearer oblivious as to his or her current place in time. This simple idea can be projected onto the Kochamma family as a whole, since the family actively uses time and memories to create a false sense of reality mirroring a bygone lifestyle and societal status. Rahel’s ultimate return marks an end to the period of limbo for the Kochamma family.

After her return from Washington D.C., Rahel is greeted by a changed Ayemenem; a thriving tourist industry having overtaken the village, the only remnants of its former glory were the ruins of the Paradise Pickles and Preserves factory and the toy watch: “Something lay buried in the ground. Under grass. Under twenty-three years of June rain. A small forgotten thing. Nothing that the world would miss. A child’s plastic wristwatch with the time painted on it” (121). Buried by mud, forgotten by time, and built over by a modern India, the watch is a representation of the family’s final descent into history. This begs a further question. How would the events of the novel have been affected if the members of the Kochamma family had adjusted to the changing times by adopting a grounded sense of reality and following a linear time pattern instead of remaining steadfastly lodged in their own personal histories?

Distance learning has been on the rise recently, but lately as a result of COVID-19 pandemic, it is being practiced regularly by numerous schools around the globe. Although virtual learning is very effective for some, it isn’t for everyone. Distance learning like anything else has its advantages and disadvantages that are considered in this informative essay about distance learning.

First, accessibility to teachers after school is easier when attending an on-campus school than attending school virtually. One of the major reasons it is hard to get in contact with most teachers after a virtual class is due to the fact that they do not check their emails or messages regularly. However, in a regular classroom if anyone ever needed extra help after class, they could easily stay behind after hours or they could meet the teacher during her office hours.

In addition to what I mentioned previously, distance learning isn’t for everyone. E-learning requires a strong self-motivation and the ability to keep one’s self from getting distracted. When studying online most people tend to get distracted with things surrounding them, which brings their focus elsewhere, resulting in them getting lost. Unlike when you are put in a learning environment in face-to-face communication with professors and peers and are forced to follow rules for not only your own benefit but the benefit of others. Both of these are just some of the factors that work in unison to keep the students from falling off track during their studies.

Unfortunately, one of the biggest disadvantages of E-Learning continues to be cheating through various methods. Compared to on-campus students, online students can easily cheat. As they take assessments in their own setting and while using their own computer. The students attending class virtually cannot be put under strict surveillance invigilation that ensures they won’t be able to cheat. Unlike on-campus students, that must deal with traditional testing procedures making it extremely difficult to cheat. Since cheating the system of virtual learning is so simple, many students will result to cheating and can pass most classes without even putting in any of the slightest bit of effort. Although this is not usually a problem with college students, as they are adults who are responsible but trusting a college student is different than trusting a high school or a middle school student who doesn’t know better. Overall when learning online, schools are forced to put an enormous amount of trust in students, and I don’t believe that all students are knowledgeable enough to make the right decisions

Another major issue is that virtual learning relies on your internet connection. If your internet isn’t working well, you will miss out on everything including classes, announcements, exams, and access to whatever program your school uses for submitting assignments, leaving you behind. Although for most internet connection isn’t an issue, there are few locations where internet is forbidden or limited examples include Eritrea, North Korea, and even some villages found in Saudi Arabia. Eritrea Internet access is all government-controlled and fewer than 1% of the population reportedly go online. Moreover, in North Korea only political elite have full access to the internet. Which means people in such areas will not be getting a proper education during this time. Which is a very negative aspect of E-learning.

There are many negative aspects of distance learning but there are some positive ones too. Since online learning does not require students to be present physically the school does not need to provide a space. For example in the university student batches can reach up to 2000 students, so in the past if an auditoriums maximum capacity was 500 students the presenter would have to repeat the lecture four times, but would only need to do it once or twice if he/she were to present virtually.

In conclusion, I find distance learning very reliant on individual learning, which makes it a little harder than traditional learning. It is also very reliant on internet connection and asks too much of students, but it also can be helpful in some ways. In my opinion, traditional learning is and will always be the better choice, but during this pandemic I think it satisfies the public decently. 

In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, he discusses the battle between innate evil and goodness present in every human being. Through development of the novel’s characters, Conrad articulates what causes a person to allow either his bad intentions or his good intentions to dominate. By juxtaposing the characters of Marlow and Kurtz, Joseph Conrad suggests that in order to prevent succumbing to natural evil intentions, or the heart of darkness, one must consciously avoid fixation on worldly desires. These secular ambitions are the cause of Kurtz’s utter submission to his inner evil. Although both Kurtz and Marlow have made the same physical journey into Africa’s interior, these men and their spiritual journeys are set apart by their choices, which inevitably allow them to emphasize either their detrimental characteristics or admiral ones. Kurtz’s secular desire for ivory and his blind ambition for company position compel him to abandon society’s constraints and travel to the Congo, where his isolation forces him to discovers his dark self. Kurtz’s insatiable longing for worldly items leads him to do inhuman actions, such as placing African heads on stakes around his dwelling. He descends into savagery: he gives into his inner darkness and evil. In contrast, Marlow, who makes the same journey as Kurtz, initially begins with a different intent and mindset. He values his work, but is bound by honor and truth; he “hate[s], detest[s], can’t bear a lie,". Eventually, his accountability and moral system allow Marlow to rise above his heart of darkness and leave the Congo safely, while Kurtz’s surrender leads to his death. In today’s modern society, the notion of limiting secular yearnings and ambitions is still applicable because mankind continues to grapple with secular attractions; human beings still struggle with succumbing to their innate goodness or evil. When Conrad writes that there were people who “were men enough to face the darkness,” he is imploring mankind to acknowledge the presence of both good and evil the soul, but to emphasize the good by checking worldly desires and ambitions.