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William Golding's The Lord of the Flies is not simply a book about outward confl ...

William Golding's The Lord of the Flies is not simply a book about outward conflict between individuals. It is, rather, a novel about one's inner being. When the formerly-civilized British boys of Golding's novel are stranded on a desert island and must fight for survival, many of them surrender to the "Beast." Yet, contrary to the beliefs of the boys in the novel, the "Beast", or the Lord of the Flies, is not "something you could hunt and kill" (164). Instead, it is a spirit that dwells inside of a soul, slowly reducing one into complete and utter savagery. Therefore, the real conflict on the island--as shown through the character of Ralph--is inside each boy's mind. To symbolize this battle, Golding particulary uses the motifs of the pig dance, the conch, and the masks.

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By dancing and singing to celebrate the brutal murdering of a pig, the boys enter into a society, or even a cult, that emphasizes brutality and sadism. The first time the boys perform this ritual, Golding describes their actions as "relieved and excited...making pig-dying noises and shouting" (81). Clearly, the boys feel a rush of exhilaration and ecstasy when they can escape their civilized manner and become a member of this vicious sacrament. These feelings serve only to propel them deeper into this cult, as one can see through their future "pig dances". Later in the novel, Golding describes Ralph's feelings during the next pig dance: "The desire to squeeze and hurt was overwhelming" (130). Even one of the most civilized boys on the island can still be overcome with this savage "desire". The reader can see that the young boys are drifting further away from their civilized norms. By one of the last "pig dances" mentioned in the novel, it is obvious that the experience has become much more atrocious and brutal: "There were no words, and no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws" (175). It is in the midst of this "pig dance" that the boys mistake little Simon for the beast. They viciously stab him with their spears before he even has a chance to share with them the news of the Beast that he has just gleaned, killing him in the first death on the island. Thus, through the ritual of the "pig dances", the reader is able to interpret Goldings' theme that a man without civilization is savage and corrupt.

Another clear symbol Golding employs is that of the conch, representing social order and development. For example, the first person to hold the conch is Ralph. Ralph also ends up being the leader of the group for the majority of the story. In fact, it is only when the conch is broken near the end of the novel that Ralph completely loses his influence over the boys, as if it were contained in the shell and escaped when it shattered. During the first meeting with the conch, the boys are eager to embark on an adventure of living as young civilized British boys on this deserted island: "We'll have rules!...Lots of Rules! Then when anyone breaks 'em-..." (33). Clearly, the boys are used to a system of order, most likely stemming from their private schools, and feel more comfortable functioning when order is in place. Near the middle of the novel, however, the system begins to disintegrate. Jack threatens to create his own tribe, which Ralph and Piggy know will only lead to more havoc. They have no choice but to confront the said "savages." Ralph and Piggy demand that they first give Piggy's specs back after stealing them in the night, and second, that all the boys stick together, as it is possible they all might be there for the rest of their lives. Later, Ralph gives Piggy the honor of carrying the conch to their fort, and "Piggy sought in his mind for words to convey his passionate willingness to carry the conch against all odds" (198). The reader can see that the conch has a power over Piggy, and he feels humbled by the privilege to carry if for a few minutes. However, his joy quickly disappears. Roger begins to throw rocks down at Piggy. Then he rolled the great rock: "The rock struck Piggy...the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist" (209). From this point on, Ralph sees that he is now fighting against his own kind; he is alone, with no one on his side. Thus begins his fight for survival, one of the many that took place on that island. Through the symbolism of the conch, Golding is able to portray to the reader the belief that order and civilization must be present for citizens to maintain kindness, loyalty, and lives worth living.

A third symbol integral to Golding's novel is that of the "mask." Whenever one of the boys creates a mask on their face using pigs' blood and other substances, he becomes a completely different creature altogether--one that marvels in the infliction of pain and fear upon others. For example, when Jack first discovers the power of the mask, Golding writes, "his laughter become a bloodthirsty snarling...the mask was a thing on its own, behind which Jack hid, liberated from shame and self-consciousness...the mask compelled them" (68). Often, the boys will talk about the "painted savages" with fear and awe in their voices. Ralph even comments that he'd "like to put on war-paint and be a savage" (162). Thus, all the boys on the island are affected by the painted masks, even if they personally refuse to participate in the experience. One of the most profound examples of the influence of the masks is Golding's description of Jacks thoughts: "...the mask was a thing on its own, behind which Jack hid, liberated from shame and self-consciousness...the mask compelled them" (69). Through the mask, Golding shows that their need for civilization is so great that they will resort to the most brutal solutions to satisfy their needs.

In sum, by using motifs such as the pig dance, the pigs head, and the mask, Golding is able to portray the theme that without civilization and order, man is susceptible to giving in to the forces that will transform him into a complete and utter savage. Golding might also be trying to show, through Biblical references like the island originally resembling the Garden of Eden and the character of Simon symbolizing the Savior, or Jesus Christ, that there is something more than just what man has inside of him that is required to defeat these internal forces. These motifs show the drastic change that occurred in many of the boys without being disciplined and commanded what to do. When one is outside of their comfort zone, one is vulnerable to being influenced by the thing inside them that tempts them to turn to savagery and disorder; this thing is the Lord of the Flies. Although the book was written nearly four decades ago, its theme reminds us that, even today, we must fight against the same forces.


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IntroductionDown syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the mind and causes ...

Introduction

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the mind and causes physical disability. It is caused by irregular division of cells which causes formation of a full or extra chromosome. A normal person should have a 21 pairs of chromosomes but, Down syndrome people have extra chromosomes (Suzedelis, 2006). The extra chromosome s alters the genetic composition of a person and this affects the normal growth. Notable physical features of a Down syndrome person include; small stature, cat-like cry, a flat forehead, flat nasal ridge and a singular crease across the palm (Ndss. 2014).

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As stated earlier, the down-syndrome alters the physical attributes of a person especially it makes a person to have a funny face. There has a growing debate on whether parents of children’s with down syndrome subject their children to have cosmetic surgery to make them look more appealing. Advocates of the surgery exercise argue that the surgery is necessary to help the children become more conventional and minimize bullying from their peers. It raises the self-esteem of the affected people since other people start viewing them as normal people. Critics of the cosmetic surgery believe conducting the surgery will bring ethical concerns to the affected people.

It is the wish of all parents to deliver perfect and healthy children who do not have any birth defects. Unfortunately, some parents are not lucky because they deliver children with disorders such as Down syndrome. The frustration of having a kid with physical disabilities makes them to look for alternative ways that will rectify the defect. The parents want to shield their children from societal stigma especially from their peers. Moreover, they believe when the children grows up, they will have esteem problems. However, parents should realize that having Down syndrome children is not a curse but a normal thing.

This paper wants to take a stand on the controversial issue and explain why parents should not take their Down syndrome children to have cosmetic surgery. Using insights from past researches the paper will provide negative factors that will make parents consider their stands on having corrective surgeries for their children.

Parents should realize that the decision to have a corrective surgery should be a consultative move that involved many stakeholders. For instance, they should seek expert opinion from health experts, other parents who have done the surgery, affected children and even relevant governmental agencies. More importantly, they should seek the opinion of the Down syndrome child because he/she is directly affected by the surgery. Therefore, they should not hurriedly make the move of doing the surgery without waiting to hear the opinion of the child. It is thus advisable for parent to wait till they are old enough to make decisions and then seek their stands before going ahead with the surgery. Moreover, they can learn from other parents who have done the surgery to their children. If they realize that the positive effects of the surgery outweigh the negative effects then they can proceed with the surgery. However, if they realize the surgery has brought more complications then they should abandon it. This means that parents should not completely abandon the decision to have the surgery but, rather take time.

As many studies have indicated, not all corrective surgeries are successful (Ndss. 2014). There are some surgeries that may cause health complications to their victims. For instance, instead of correcting the facial defects, the surgery may worsen the facial appearance of the victims. Besides that, the success of the surgery depends on the infrastructural capacity of the health care institution as well as technical expertise of the surgeons. Therefore, if the parents choose an incompetent surgeon or an inadequately equipped health-care facility then there is a high chance the surgery will not go well and may bring other health complications. If the surgery brings more complications the parents will live with guilt and this may relations issues with the child. Specifically, the child may develop hatred to the parents.

As mentioned earlier, the main goal of having a surgery is to help the child integrate well into the society. Specifically, it seeks to protect the child from discrimination and bullying from peers. However, studies have shown that people nowadays have changed the perception of Down syndrome people. Unlike in the past, the current society tolerates the Down syndrome people and they are given equal respect as other people (NHS.2014).Moreover, children are sensitized to treat other Down syndrome children with respect and show love. Therefore, parents should not worry about their children’s discrimination because the society is tolerant to their disorder. People nowadays treat the disorder as any other disability. In fact, many jurisdictions have put enough mechanisms that seek to protect the rights of the disability people in the society.

A facial reconstruction surgery is normally costly and requires parents to heavily invest financial resources. Many reputable hospitals and surgeons require parents to deposit huge sums of money before the surgery takes place. For those parents who are low income earners, paying for this surgery is next to impossible. If they proceed with paying for the surgery, the economic livelihood of the family may be affected. It is thus advisable to abandon the surgery move if the move will affect the living standards of the family. Instead, families can channel the funds in other demanding ventures that will improve the overall welfare of the family.

As indicated earlier, some physical attributes of a Down syndrome child are unique and dominant. Therefore, even if a surgery is done some features will still be portrayed. For instance, Down syndrome people have clubbed fingers and usually produce a funny voice when they cry (NHS.2014). For people who understand how the disorder works, the surgery will still not change their views on the Down syndrome child.

As shown earlier, Down syndrome is a genetic disorder. This means that even if a parent decides to perform the surgery the offspring of the victim may still have the disorder. Therefore, they should not opt for the surgery since they cannot be always performing the surgery to all affected family members.

The paper has clearly justified why parents should not consider performing surgeries for their children. This is because performing the surgery has many adverse effects. For instance, the surgery can lead to development of other health complications especially if it is performed by incompetent personnel. Secondly, the surgery is costly and may affect the financial resources of a family. The surgery may not heal the facial features caused by the disorder. Therefore, parent should always consider many factors and involve other people especially the victim before they can make the final decision to perform the surgery.


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There have been various arguments in philosophy that deal with the existence of ...

There have been various arguments in philosophy that deal with the existence of God. Cosmological Argument is one of those arguments that discusses about God’s existence on the basis of some proofs that verify the existence of God. The Cosmological Argument gives an explanation about the existence of God, and is built around that explanation and experience as opposed to the Ontological Argument that is based on an a priori argument which states that when one believes on the notion of God, he will start believing on His existence independent of the experience.

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The Cosmological Argument has got its basis from St. Thomas Aquinas, who in his book “Summa Theologica” has proved the existence of God in five ways. However, it is the first three proofs that are Cosmological and explain about the existence of God. These three Cosmological proofs are: a) the theory of First Mover, b) the theory of First Efficient Cause, and c) the theory of First Existence. The Cosmological Argument is also presented by another philosopher Samuel Clarke who takes a slightly different route from Aquinas to prove the existence of God. Clarke has based his argument on the existence of dependent and independent being, proving that the infinite chain of dependent being has to start from an independent being. This paper will give a brief explanation on the Cosmological Arguments and analyse the argument to provide a standing on the Cosmological Argument.

Cosmological Argument: St. Thomas Aquinas

St. Thomas Aquinas has given a posteriori argument on the existence of God and provides five reasons that prove His existence. His argument to prove the existence of God is based on explanation and experience. The first three arguments given by Aquinas are the Cosmological arguments and have been discussed here. The first argument, i.e. the First Mover, is based on motion and states that for something to be moved it should be moved by someone, and the mover can be moved the same time for the mover itself to be moved, he has to be moved by someone else. He gives logic for this argument telling that a potentiality and actuality can’t co-exist, and for potentiality to come to actuality, it has to be brought by some existing actuality. Like a fire is actually hot, and the wood is potentially hot. Thus, the fire that is actuality brings the wood from potentially hot to actually hot. Similarly, for the moved there has to be a mover, and if the movers in turn are itself moved then it goes to infinity. So, there has to be a prime mover, and that prime mover is God.

The second argument by Aquinas is the First Efficient Cause which states that for everything there has to be an efficient cause and nothing can be an efficient cause for itself as that thing would have to exist before itself which would not be possible. So, each cause is an intermediate cause that has been caused by some other cause. However, this efficient cause cannot go until infinity. Hence, there has to be the first efficient cause that started the intermediary causes, and that first efficient cause is called as God.

The third argument given by Aquinas is theory of First Existence. In this argument, Aquinas states that there is a possibility that certain things exist and certain things don’t exist. There must have also been a time when nothing existed; however, it is not possible that from nothing existing, something existed on its own. For everything that is existing, there is a cause, and for that cause to exist there is some other necessary cause. However, it cannot go to infinity, and there has to be the first thing that does not need a cause for existence, and this is named as God.


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Table of contentsIntroductionMaterials and MethodResultsConclusionWork CitedThis ...

Table of contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Materials and Method
  3. Results
  4. Conclusion
  5. Work Cited

This study focused on comparing the ability of the same active ingredient, in separate hand soaps, to kill bacteria through hand washing. The two soap products tested were Dial and SpaSoap, one brand name and one less expensive off brand soap. The effectiveness of the two hand soaps were examined on a universal growth media to clearly compare the results. The samples were collected by using a swab culture to collect the bacteria on the palm of the hands before washing with the antibacterial soap for two minutes. This step was repeated before and after washing the hands, and was done to equal a total of 40 samples. Each soap had the same active ingredient, benzalkonium chloride, with the same concentration of 0.13%. The results displayed that each antibacterial soap had shown to be effective in killing a substantial amount of bacteria after hand washing. This research paper will also go into depth, discussing the pros and cons that mainstreaming the use of antibacterial soap present. However, the main purpose was to establish whether there was a difference in effectiveness due to cost of the product. I hypothesize that if both hand washes contain the same amount of the antibacterial ingredient, benzalkonium chloride, that both hand soaps will be equally effective in killing bacteria.

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Introduction

Bacteria can be found anywhere, there is no way we can avoid coming in contact with bacteria on a day to day basis. Throughout all of the hand to hand contact, things we touch after washing our hands, and just overall sanitation around us there is hardly any way to avoid these microscopic organisms. A study published by the Cambridge University Press found that about 28% of their sample population had bacteria of fecal origin on their hands. Many studies have been done on the effectiveness of aseptic techniques within health care workers going from patient to patient, it was found that only about 30% of the time these doctors and nurses are actually washing their hands within the time they are interacting with patients. Hand washing is considered to be the first line of defense in fighting acquired infections, meaning that washing hands should be habitual, and one should want to be using the most efficient product to kill the most bacteria. However, this is a double-sided sword.

Popular products that contain harsh chemicals such as Triclosan, which have been shown to inhibit the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, may influence the emergence of new drug resistant bacteria. As stated in “Consumer Antibacterial Soaps: Effective or Just Risky?” “The resistance mechanisms are similar to those producing antibiotic resistance and include mutations at the drug target site, chromosome-mediated drug efflux, and overexpression of the target protein. Acquired bacterial resistant mechanisms may lead to an increase in MICs to antibiotics as well as triclosan.” There are also significant environmental risk to consider as well.

Materials and Method

In order to produce accurate result all experiments conducted require the proper materials and techniques. The experiment was conducted with four different people washing their hands five different times. Two of the subjects used the expensive soap (Dial), and the other two subjects used the cheaper soap (SpaSoap). Resulting in ten pre-washing samples for each soap, and ten post-washing samples for each soap. The subjects swabbed their hands before and after hand washing using cotton swabs or pads. The swabs and pads were then stored in labeled and zipped plastic bags until the samples could be inoculated. During inoculation aseptic technique was applied to prevent contamination, and protect those conducting the experiment. Aseptic technique includes wearing proper protective gear, applying the correct techniques of inoculation, and working close to an open flame in order prevent airborne contamination. The medium we chose to inoculate the samples was trypticase soy agar plates. TSA plates are not selective or differential, therefore a great medium for the observation of bacterial growth. Twenty TSA plates were used, ten for the Dial soap, and ten for the SpaSoap. The plates were then divided into two sections. The side with the pre-washing sample was labeled “dirty”, and the other side containing the post-washing sample was labeled “clean”. Once the plates had been inoculated they were stored at 37°C into an incubator. The incubator is kept at the optimal temperature for bacterial growth (37° C) because bacteria prefer body temperature. A week after inoculation the plates were removed from incubation and observations were made.

Results

Post incubation, microbial growth could be seen on both the TSA plates for the Dial and SpaSoap. From visual examination alone both soaps showed a decrease in microbial colonies on the “clean side” of the plate compared to the “dirty side”. The results of the experiment were quantified using a ranking system. The system ranks from zero to five, a rating of zero indicating there are very little to no bacterial growth, and a rating of five indicates extreme bacterial growth. Once all of the plates were ranked, the rankings for both the soaps were averaged. The difference in bacterial growth from pre-washing to post-washing for the Soft Soap, or cheaper option, was 1.2, whereas the difference in bacterial growth for the Dial, the expensive option, is 0.9. The difference in rankings between the SpaSoap and the Dial is only 0.3. Based on the ranking averages the SpaSoap inhibited bacterial growth better than the Dial soap, although not by much.

Conclusion

In this experiment, researchers tested the effectiveness of Dial antibacterial hand soap compared to the cheaper brand, SpaSoap, to determine which soap would kill more bacteria. The researchers wanted to see if spending.18 cent per ounce for Dial versus 03 cent per ounce for SpaSoap was worth the money. Each soap contained the same antibacterial ingredient of benzalkonium chloride with a similar concentration of 13%, therefore the hypothesis was that the soaps would be equally effective in fighting bacteria. The results of the experiment did not support that hypothesis. SpaSoap left the least amount of bacteria cultures on average when used compare to the Dial soap. Though the results only differed slightly the Spa Soap brand was more effective killing bacterial growth. Considering Dial soap is six times the cost of Spa Soap it can be said that a cheaper hand soap containing the same concentration of a similar antibacterial ingredient is not less effective. Research shows that the cost of clean can be as low as .03 cents per ounce. I recommend the use of SpaSoap as an antibacterial hand soap because it is cheaper by volume and was shown to be more effective than the more expensive Dial hand soap.

Work Cited

  • Aiello, Allison E., Elaine L. Larson, and Stuart B. Levy. 'Consumer antibacterial soaps: effective or just risky?.' Clinical Infectious Diseases 45.Supplement_2 (2007): S137-S147.
  • Sprunt, Katherine, Winifred Redman, and Grace Leidy. 'Antibacterial effectiveness of routine hand washing.' Pediatrics 52.2 (1973): 264-271.
  • Eli N.Perencevich MD, Michael T.Wong MD, Anthony D. Harris MD
  • “National and regional assessment of the antibacterial soap market: A step toward determining the impact of prevalent antibacterial soaps.” American Journal of Infection Control. Volume 29, Issue 5, October 2001, Pages 281-283

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In his iconic poem The Tyger, William Blake directly addresses the paradoxically ...

In his iconic poem The Tyger, William Blake directly addresses the paradoxically beautiful yet horrific figure with a question: What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry? This simple question, wondering how and what divine being could possibly create such a creature, serves as a platform for William Blake to examine ideas of divine creation, the relationship between nature and art, how creation reflects upon the creator, and the existence of creatures in nature that are somehow simultaneously beautiful yet utterly destructive. Through these many questions, a deeper transition arises within the poem, by the last line, we find ourselves wonder not just how God could create a creature like the tiger, but how dare he? This transition is not highlighted right away right away—The Tyger is a poem that takes at least two readings, if not more, to be able to grasp what Blake is trying to get at. The aim of this essay, then, is not just to interpret “The Tyger,” but also to demonstrate how the poem unfolds as a process, and how to assess how understanding that process transforms its ultimate meaning.

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The Tyger begins by emphasizing the speaker’s direct address to the tiger, through the resounding repetition of “Tyger! Tyger!” and then proceeds to create almost a sensual vision of the tiger, describing it as “burning bright/In the forests of the night,” making the tiger a majestic and mysterious figure, the fiery orange of its fur standing out against the dark night. Then, comes the first, central question of the poem: “What immortal hand or eye/Could frame thy fearful symmetry?” On the surface, obviously, the question is of who could create the tiger, but the idea of “fearful symmetry” introduces a creature that is simultaneously beautiful and frightening. Symmetry is something commonly associated with beauty, but the idea that the beauty is “fearful” implies a dark, frightening side, and this balance of beauty and terror is what makes up the tiger. Additionally, this phrase first presents the relationship between art and its creator; presenting an “immortal hand” that is the tiger’s creator and is responsible for the “frame” of the “fearful symmetry” of the creature.

The following five quatrains of the poem all ask questions that build upon the last. The next extrapolates upon the idea of a divine figure creating the tiger, inquiring: In what distant deeps or skies Burnt the fire of thine eyes? The polarization between “deeps” and “skies” marks another reference to the divine, however suggesting that the tiger may have either come from heaven or hell (in other words, a place of beauty or horror), but either way, it’s still created by a divine, immortal figure.

Blake then moves to address both the physicality of the divine figure as well as the vital physical features of the tiger. Consistent with the form of the poem and therefore still phrased as a series of questions, the speaker in the next stanza asks: And what shoulder, & what art, Could twist the sinews of thy heart? This connects the shoulder of the God (representing physical force and calculated strength), with art (representing deliberate and thoughtful creation), implying the measured physical process behind the creation of the tiger. Additionally, the image that arises from ‘twisted sinews’ serves to emphasize the intricacies of God’s creation, and if, to make the tiger’s heart, one had to “twist the sinews,” then the creator’s sense of purpose, concentration, and awareness of his project are stressed even further. This third quatrain concludes with further questions elaborating on God’s creative process, wondering: and when thy heart began to beat, What dread hand? & what dread feet? Which yet again alludes to the physical properties of the creator and specifically connects the God’s hands and feet to the beating heart of the tiger. Additionally, the fact that God’s feet are described as “dread” implies that God’s feet, or any of his physical properties for that matter, are to be greatly feared, because they have the capability to bring to life a creature as terrifying as the tiger.

Building off of the introduction of physicality that the third stanza presented, Blake then proceeds to introduce yet another important image in The Tyger: the Godly figure as a blacksmith. Already, the consistent, pounding rhythm of the poem echoes the steady pounding of a hammer, and in this fourth stanza, the reader is presented with a specific image of a hammer, among other tools a blacksmith would use, asking: What the hammer? what the chain? In what furnace was thy brain? What the anvil? what dread grasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp? The inclusion of tools such as a hammer, a chain, and a furnace, all evoke the Hephaestus-like image of a Godly blacksmith skillfully forging the tiger’s brain in a furnace. The order of the words here are important as well, as they accumulate to produce a shifting image of both the tiger and of God. “Hammer” invokes one thing—a certain deliberateness, force, and precision—whereas adding “chain” edges more towards ideas of entrapment or someone being shackled. Add then the “furnace” and the “brain” and we’re transformed again out of a literal shackling to the fashioning of the tiger’s body out of iron. The addition of “anvil” completes this image, while the opposition of the creator’s “dread grasp” of the tiger’s “deadly terrors” sets up a kind of equation between them—not just because of the association of “dread” and “deadly,” but also because we can’t help but think of the tiger’s claws even as we’re told about the creator’s clasping grasp. Not only does this image further the connection between the physical creation of the tiger and the deliberate physicality of the God, it also stresses how fearful we should be of this God and what he creates. This set of lines also tells us that at one point, God had the tiger’s “deadly terrors” grasped in his hands, suggesting that he was completely in control of them, and indicates that there must have been a conscious decision not to release those terrors, but instead instill them in the tiger. Finally, in accordance with the highlighted deliberateness of the blacksmith’s creation, the fact that the two physical features of the tiger that Blake focused on were the heart and the brain suggest the doubt in and fear of the divine figure that was first implied in his “dread” physical features. One can’t help but question why, if God put so much calculated work into the making of the two most important body parts in the tiger, didn’t he make it a more compassionate, friendly, or less violent animal?

As one can see, Blake is beginning to give us a revolutionary, or at least heavily revised, vision of God. This poem is not just encouraging us to question the idea of our creator, but is also challenging us to revise our notions of who that creator is. So far, Blake has made a concerted effort to show us that whoever created the tiger is not really a believer in the golden rule—they are much darker, mysterious, unapproachable, and entirely less human. As the image of the tiger is constructed, a similar image of God emerges as a parallel as well. The creator becomes unknowable, powerful, unpredictable figure, one that is actually a lot more like the tiger than like us.

This exposition of God’s intentions for putting evil, horrific things in the world is further built upon in the second to last stanza, as the narrator wonders what God’s reaction was after he created the tiger, if he “did smile his work to see?” speculating if he was proud and happy to see his creation, but the way the question is phrased almost sets up the reader to judge and question the creator, inquiring further of the tiger if “he who made the Lamb make thee?” This follow-up question brings the poem back around to an idea that was introduced towards the beginning: the balance of beautiful and terrifying things in the world, but this time also questions the reasoning behind having that balance. This is another question directed at God, meant to question his intentions for putting such terrible things alongside beautiful things in nature, wondering how animals as different as tigers and lambs could come from the same creator. The lamb serves as a symbol of innocence, purity, beauty, and safety, while the tiger represents terror, strength, and fear.

Closing the poem, the final stanza of The Tyger is exactly the same as the opening stanza with the exception of one word: dare. The first stanza reads: Tyger! Tyger! burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry? While the last stanza declares, Tyger! Tyger! burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Dare frame thy fearful symmetry? This calculated substitution of the word “could” to “dare” marks an underlying transformation that has been developing throughout the six quatrains, one that, at the very least, invites readers to fly back to the poem’s beginning to double-check the differences. Discovering it turn invites readers to re-read the poem a second time to construct the narrative between the opening and closing lines. This singular word provokes an automatic flip back to the start of the poem, and reflecting back upon the stanzas yet again incites a much more profound comprehension of the difference in questions that are being asked at the beginning of the poem compared to the end. Though the series of questions that make up The Tyger do seem to seamlessly and intentionally build off of each other, the final question nevertheless catches us by surprise. The narrator begins by wondering how some immortal being could create a creature so beautifully frightening as the tiger, focusing on the physical, artistic creation of the creature. However, by the end, the narrator is inquiring how God would dare to frame the tiger, or any other evils at that, and consciously and deliberately place this terrifying creature in nature, alongside other animals such as the lamb that are completely opposite of the danger that the tiger represents. Blake presents a completely revolutionary vision of God, asking yet another probing question, but this time of the reader: When contemplating the tiger, how dare you hold on to the notion that God is a peaceful, humane, and loving being?

This question of why horrible, evil things exist on our earth, if there’s a God looking down upon us, supposedly with our best interest at heart, is one that is far too existential and overreaching to tackle directly. However, William Blake himself clearly has had some opinions surrounding the existence of God and his intentions, and The Tyger helps Blake raise these ideas in a deeper, more subtle, and creative way. It is an example of a poem that represents far more than what the words on the page denote, and attacks a set of hugely important questions and conclusions about religion that have plagued individuals throughout history.

Works Cited

Blake, William. "The Tyger." 2015. Ed. Philip Smith. Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Ed. Stanley Appelbaum. New York: Dover, 1992. 37-38. Print.

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Blake, William. “Songs of Innocence and of Experience.” The William Blake Archive, The Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities, Apr. 2007.


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Counseling is a kind of communication process that occurs between the counselor ...

Counseling is a kind of communication process that occurs between the counselor and the client. In counseling, counselors are helping clients to make accurate diagnoses, detect emotional distress in patients and etc. Since better communication skills of counselor help client to make better health decisions. To be an effective in communication, counselor must have communication skills such as good listening ability, attending, empathy, observing, awareness, summarizing, thinking, verbal expression and reflecting, probing or questioning etc.

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The counselor must have good listening ability to capture and understand the messages that clients communicate as stories and whether those messages are transmitted verbally or nonverbally. And also having good listening is important for counselor to understand the combination of experiences, behaviors, facial expressions, general appearance, and physical appearance and etc that cause to the emerging the client’s problem. In addition to that listing ability of counselor lead to valuing the client and demonstrating interest for the conversation is very helpful to success the counseling process effectively.

Attending is the way of counselor is with their client both physically and psychologically. Attending depict to the client that counselor with him and he can share their world with the counselor. So, improving this kind of skill to the counselor helps to develop relationship with client and that help counselor to deal with the client. And also having effective attending of counselor leads to listen carefully to what their clients are saying or not saying and this helps to understand accurately about the client situation and difficulty that he face.

Empathy means that counselor temporary forget his/her own frame and think beyond their frame about clients and try to understand and tackle the clients world and his/her thinking pattern, the way they are look at their problem and acknowledging the client’s emotions. By improving this kind of skill by the counselor can understand and recognize the actual problem of the client that he/ she face. As well as, counselor can easily recognize and provide the treatment to their clients.

Observing client/patient body language, voice tone and emotional expressions also help counselor to understand and recognize the situation of the client and his/ her problem. By using this skill counselor can realize the client’s responses on his questions and that help counselor to determine his treatments.

Summarizing also a kind of communication skill that must poses with the counselor. This is very useful for the counselor to summarize what he/she said within counseling session, what are the things that have discussed, what are the treatment that provide and that useful to motivate the client to reduce he/she abnormal situations. And also having a summery helps the counselor to prevent from saying repeat things to client and I it will help client to move forward from their current situation. As well as this summery is helpful counselor to situation in which the client is stuck and that can use as an aid to push the client forward.

Probing is kind of questions and statements that ask by counselor from client regarding any significant issues of he/she life. Probes are in form of statements, questions, requests, single word or phrases and non-verbal prompts. By using these probes counselors can encourage reluctant clients to tell their stories. And that will help clients to identify relevant issues they may faced. Not only that, this helps clients to recognize their behaviors, experiences and feelings of their story and helps to identify the missing parts of the story. Since by using probes counselors can accurate picture regarding the situation that face the client and that will help counselor to determine the next step of the counseling process.


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Table of contentsTheoretical AnalysisUsing the Theory With Diverse PopulationThe ...

Table of contents

  1. Theoretical Analysis
  2. Using the Theory With Diverse Population
  3. Theoretical Application
  4. Interventions and TechniqueCultural ApproachesSocial ApproachCritical approachCommunication Approach

The existential theory is the fundamental beliefs, which human beings experience that may cause internal and external conflict with those they interact with. The hardships entailed are believed to stem from a particular human existence. Specific primary factors are recognized upon the application of the Existential Theory. These primary factors may include: freedom of association, responsibility, death, isolation, and meaninglessness (Sue & Sue, 2016)

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Those that are suffering from a external and/or internal conflict may suffer from anxiety. If that is indeed the case a person's psychological, spiritual and social awareness may be reduced (Boszormenyi-Nagy & Framo, 2013). Anxiety and other ailments that may occur from the external and/or internal conflicts may have a long-lasting impact on one’s life. The signs of anxiety may not just be behavioral but may also be physical as well. An implementation of the existential theory was used in The Case Study of Margarita. Margarita suffered from hunger and the factthat she was not in love with her husband. By implementing the Existential Theory it would be safe to derive the opinion that Margarita was suffering from hunger and could not eat due to the internal conflict of not being in love with her husband.

Theoretical Analysis

How individuals behave express emotions communicate and socialize with other individuals is relatable with the Existential Theory. The fundamental background of the argument is perceived to be from the creation theory (Boszormenyi-Nagy & Framo, 2013). The existential philosophy states that individuals believe that everything has a purpose .makes individuals to believe that everything was created with a purpose and with a set of rules. Because of the belief that there are a set of rules and purpose it is evident that there is the possibility of different expression arising from individuals. (Boszormenyi-Nagy, & Framo, 2013). With the premise that there is a purpose for everything, there are individuals that continue to ask certain questions in life. An example would be how was the universe created? For those that believe in the fundamentals of the Existential Theory, there lies the answer. The universe was created with the purpose of sustaining life.

The Existential Theory also aligns with other theories as well. The theories in which Existentail theory aligns with are those that are based upon human behaviors According to a recent study it is thought that psychotherapy is the best treatment for human existential behaviors (Fall, Holden, & Marquis, 2017).An individual that is suffering from an external/and/or internal conflict is given the recommendation to seek assistance from a therapist to help with the concerns. A therapist that is implementing the existential theory will provide the individual with the necessary treatments to help them recover their emotions and mind.

The use of therapy, based on my values and beliefs, has offered a sense of dignity to humanity in general. Those that are suffering from a internal and /or external conflict may have been saved by utilizing the therapeutic process, based on a study the rate of suicide missions have dropped tremendously after the adoption of the existential techniques (Fall, Holden, & Marquis, 2017). Marital issues may be resolved in many families in the world today, by utilizing the therapeutic process. Therapy will restore the respect and love for individuals that may be suffering an internal and/or external (Fall, Holden, & Marquis, 2017).

Margarita has been suppressing her emotions but a therapist may utilize existential techniques to treat her. By suppressing her emotions it has led her to have angry outbursts and no confidence I herself; by doing so she started to hate her husband (Capella, n.d.). However although she suppresses several of her emotions she feels relieved after she has yelled at her husband. Margarita is stuck in a routine where she is feels as though her emotions are not valid and where concerns are minimized.

Margarita’s negative internal conflict has impacted her daily life and made her behave in a manner that is not perceived as “normal” for an individual (Capella, n.d.). Because she is insecure she now has low self-esteem and that has impact on her continuous negative thoughts. Margarita is faced with the fact that she thinks she should’ve dies in the car accident and not her friend and has admitted that therapy has not worked in the past for her.

Using the Theory With Diverse Population

Most of the populations in the world today would find the Existential Theory effective. Reasoning being that the theory educates individuals on the importance of having person control techniques and psychological therapy (Fall, Holden, & Marquis, 2017). Those that have utilized the theory measure and apply its standards throughout their daily lives. In one way or the other several innovations have been achieved. The existential approach has impacted social integration, in a positive manner, because several individuals in a population have been educated and received medical services (Fall, Holden, & Marquis, 2017).The Existential theory has been utilized in several medical facilities to lessen the mental-emotional feelings in several countries (Boszormenyi,2013).

Individuals from different backgrounds have come together to aid in lessening problems related to psychological concerns.. Because of this it has encouraged others within the society to advocate for change and awareness based on the effect of existential theory to the lives of human beings in the community (Fall, Holden, & Marquis, 2017). The need to advocate for the importance of psychotherapy in most of the institutions in surrounding communities is valid (Harvie et al., 2017). Margarita, as well as other individuals should be offered the support to seek therapy without the fear of stigma. Existentialists understand that as individuals they have the free will to make a difference. Existentialists want to help others and show them that they can live life with a purpose.

Theoretical Application

Because Margarita does not have control over her internal conflict she has been subjected to a negative life routine. Because of her negative life routine it is important that she set individual goals. The purpose of the individual goals are to help her become confident,awarem and have more free will. In order to begin to reach her individual goals she must first be truthful. being truthful. Margarita will need to be truthful not only to herself but to those that she interacts with as well. If Margarita is truthful to herself she will begin to understand the conflicts and be able to resolve her conflict (Harvie et al., 2017). Margarita claims that she is not suffering from depression , or the fact that she is angry , however she has angry outbursts during the first argument she is involved in. The fact that she is suppressing her emotions is not healthy or helpful for her current conflict. Another individual goal will to be able to learn to love those that important to her and not only them but to be able to love herself as well. If she learns to love she will build her confidence and be able to end the negative thought process. Learning to love will overpower the negative emotions such as depression and anger (Harvie et al., (2017). Margarita’s third individual goal is to accept herself . In order to overcome her internal conflict she will need to be in a position to accept herself and love her life. Once the first two have been accomplished she will understand that she indeed does have the free will to make the choices in her life.

Interventions and Technique

Unlike other therapy models, with Existential therapy here are not specific interventions utilized .instead the therapist that is implementing this approach will draw interventions from other models as needed. The intervention that would suit Margarita would be the here-and-now approach. The therapist will have Margarita go over situations and scenarios that maybe causing the internal conflict and offer the reminder that she needs to not fixate on the past but rather the situation that is in the present. As the therapist it is important to focus on the present with Margarita and in doing so it may be necessary to focus on how she deals with her anger towards her husband and the loss of her friend over the span of a few sessions. During these sessions it is important to how these events make her feel now and not how she felt previously. In order to end the negative pattern it is important to start in the present (Corey, 2017).

With the existential approach the therapist is not viewed as an expert but instead as a guide (Corey,2017). The therapist must assure Margarita that she is no alone and the feelings that she is suppressing are normal. The therapist could do so by trying to relate, empathize, be authentic, and keep that therapeutic alliance strong with the client (Corey, 2017)

Cultural Approaches

The complicated approach and patterns of idea, emotional and beliefs that guide members of the society is the definition of culture (Ivey, D'Andrea, & Ivey, 2011). The cultural methods may interfere with the theoretical analysis of a person in one way or the other. (Ivey, D’Andrea, & Ivey,2011). Margarita’s culture is important during her treatment, essentially because it is who she is. Margarita must allow the therapist to understand what her version of free will means and the boundaries that may not be crossed. There are three types of culture approaches to consider they are: social approach, critical approach and communication studies.

Social Approach

To approach the culture socially is necessary. It is deemed necessary because Margarita has a poor relationship not only with herself, but her husband, and the people surrounding her as well. During Margarita’s treatment it will be necessary to address this conflict because her anger has isolated her husband and the friends that she once had as well. Once the negative cycle is broken Margarita will be able to positively address the anxiety that she is suffering. Social approaches allows the individual time and opportunity to showcase their inner self, by loving others in the society (Ivey, D'Andrea, & Ivey, 2011).

Critical approach

The critical approach allows a person to develop his internal and external self by developing his behavior to fit the required threshold ( Fall,Holden, & Marquis,2017). Margarita needs to release her anxiety, understand her free will, and find the value in her life while working on her present day self.

Communication Approach

By allowing for open communication the client and the therapist will be able to understand the situation and discuss it together. (Fall, Holden, & Marquis, 2017). During therapy sessions Margarita will be able to speak freely about the emotions that are affecting her .Knowing how the client perceives life and their understanding will allow the therapist a better understanding of why the client is seeking treatment. In the case of Margarita it will allow the therapist to understand the root of her negative thoughts.

A strength of the theory is that it increases the counselor’s ability to relate to the client, whether it is in relations to the challenges they incur in their day to day life or within society (Gladding, 2014). The reason being is that many individuals prefer a person-centered type therapy. As stated before the therapist does not act as though they are in expert in this approach but rather they are their equal. Another strength of the Existential theory is the focus on client’s free will and their ability to make their own choices . The Existential approach steers individuals away from negative thoughts and behaviors by showing them they that they are in control of their choices and actions (Corey, 2017).

A limitation to the Existential theory is there is no data on the effectiveness of the approach Reason being is because there are not any specific interventions and each case, is case by case. In addition there are not any trainable programs that have been developed yet (Corey, 2017). Because of these limitations, Existential therapy is not the first choice for many therapists because as stated before the focus is on the here and now whereas most models start with the past of their clients.

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In the case of Margarita an understanding between herself and the therapist will be necessary for her to succeed and accomplish her individual goals.. Although there are limitations to the Existential theory approach Margarita’s case study has shown the importance becoming self-aware and the need for one to have free will In addition Margarita’s case has explained why it may not always be important for the therapist to be seen as an expert, but instead as a guide that is on the same level with the client.


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Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse-Five is, at first glance, nothing more than ...

Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse-Five is, at first glance, nothing more than a science fiction tale of one man's travels to another planet and his ability to view his life out of chronological order because of his power to time travel. There are too many similarities to historical facts, human philosophies, and Vonnegut's own life for readers to believe that this novel about another world was created solely for entertainment, though. In looking at the deeper meaning behind this piece, we see that the physical setting is always Earth, and that the travels that Billy Pilgrim takes are simply hallucinations, created either from chemicals or Pilrgim's head injuries. By understanding Vonnegut's experiences with war and placing the publication of the novel during the late 1960's, readers are able to see that the author is condemning not only the Vietnam War, but also the counterculture movement that ignored the problems of the war.

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Vonnegut's condemnation of war comes quickly in this piece, as the book begins with the author's narration about the creation of the piece. In attempting to create a novel about his personal experiences in World War II, Vonnegut visits one of the men that was with him in Dresden, Bernard O'Hare. During their conversation, O'Hare's wife, Mary, becomes upset because she believes that Vonnegut will glorify the thrill of victory over the enemy, furthering the romantic fascination the man has with war. She argues that they "were just babies then," robbed of their innocence and forced to witness unnecessary violence that either haunted them or had been repressed so much that they forgot a great deal about the experience. The writer agrees with her view and pledges that the book will not celebrate the war.

Chapter Two begins the saga of Billy Pilgrim. Quickly, we are informed of the parallels between Vonnegut and Pilgrim, such as their identical ages and their imprisonment in Dresden. Pilgrim, though, has a special gift, given to him by the Tralfamadorians, which is the ability to travel throughout time. Here, the Tralfamadorians are supposed to represent a society following the ideals of the counterculture, who were given extrasensory powers by the drugs that they ingested. It is possible to hypothesize that Billy's first encounter with the Tralfamadorians was a result of the half-full bottle of champagne that he drank at his daughter's wedding. Whether or not the drink was spiked with a psychoactive substance is debatable, but Vonnegut does support this conclusion by incorporating the "Drink Me" phrase (73), reminiscent of a scene in from the movie Alice in Wonderland, created in 1951. Remember that during the late 1960's, the story was used by the counterculture to illustrate the hypocrisy they felt that parents had, for parents taught the story which was laced with numerous drug references, yet taught children that drugs were bad (ex. "White Rabbit" by the Jefferson Airplane).

Pilgrim's trip to Tralfamadore resembles a visit to a counterculture haven such as the Haight-Ashbury district. Just as Billy and Montana are put in a zoo, tours of San Francisco in the late 1960's included the famous hippie haven, where tourists witnessed a culture that was entirely foreign to them. The Tralfamadorian guide that talks to Billy upon his arrival reminds readers of a leader like Ken Kesey, especially since he is referred to as a guide. This is the same term that is used when Kesey refuses to be the guide for Sandy's unauthorized trip in the Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test. (EKAAT, 97) In addition to the similarity in wording, the Tralfamadorian philosophies also resemble those of the counterculture. Echoing Kesey's sentiments at Berkeley, the guide tells Billy to close his eyes to the bad. He tells him that there is no such thing as free will, for one's life is planned, thus there is no reason to try to stop it. Instead, one must go with the flow, experiencing whatever time period he is taken to as it occurs. Both good and bad experiences may be recalled, but the Tralfamadorian informs Billy that the trick is to "Ignore the awful times, and concentrate on the good ones." (117)

Since the book is semi-autobiographical, one wonders whether Vonnegut experimented with any psychoactive substances and hallucinated this alternate reality. Regardless, the novel shows even if he did, both he and Billy do not agree with the Tralfamadorian's helpless views. One of the first indicators is that Billy is taken against his will and placed in a cage. He is not given the option of returning to Earth and is only released after his captors grow bored of him. Another example of Billy's refusal to accept Tralfamadorian beliefs is the long quotation found on the wall of his office (60), taken from the inscription on Montana's locket, which serves both as a reminder of her and as Billy's belief that some parts of the future can be changed if one has the courage to do so.

The creation of the world is done solely as a condemnation of counterculture values, as it emphasizes the hopelessness of their views. By repeatedly using the phrase "So it goes" following any bad situation, Vonnegut mocks those who simply accept or ignore the bad experiences that life brings us. His use of the phrase so frequently annoys the reader, especially in a situation such as the inevitable destruction of Tralfamadore.(117) In addition, the destruction of the planet emphasizes that society can not survive if it is unwilling to change.

In following typical structure for science fiction pieces, Vonnegut makes the aliens the misguided race and uses them to illustrate the views that he disputes. In a technique that I have seen used in other science fiction pieces, such as film Planet of the Apes, the aliens are really our current civilization if societal trends continue. His preoccupation with the Children's Crusade, an event that occurred 750 years earlier, shows that society has not taken the courage to change its violent ways. The author sees the counterculture philosophy of shirking responsibility and going with the flow to be even more detrimental, since society is already showing its inability to change based upon history. In addition, by showing that the world was ended by experimentation with new fuels, much as the United States and Russia had been experimenting with atomic weapons at the same time as the book's publication, Vonnegut expresses his urgency for societal change. In this respect, since the Tralfamadorians represent a human civilization enveloped in counterculture ideals, the novel is Vonnegut's plea to society to take notice of what is happening and change it by ending war before mankind destroys itself.


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Courtney Tailor is a model, bikini athlete, an actress – starring in movies an ...

Courtney Tailor is a model, bikini athlete, an actress – starring in movies and TV shows, such as American Psycho and The Lying Game. She began posting pictures on Instagram @CourtneyTailor in 2014 and gained masses of followers online. By 2016, she’d become a fitness sensation, inspiring fans around the world to lead a healthy lifestyle.

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Courtney was very active as a child. She took part in every sport available at her school – soccer, volleyball, gymnastics, horseback riding, and diving. But she wasn’t training in the gym during her childhood. Instead, Courtney became a high-level (pool) diver – her family believed she could compete at the Olympics when she was older. At this point, she set her sights on becoming a professional diver.

Growing up, Courtney’s other passion was to entertain her family and friends. At the age of 13, in 2009, she discovered acting and decided it was her calling. It wasn’t long until she’d left diving behind to pursue a career as an actress. Courtney began attending acting, dancing, and voice classes – determined to be successful in the acting industry.

After a year of acting classes, Courtney’s hard work paid off – she appeared in numerous commercials, including an advert for a market-leading soft-drink company. But that wasn’t all. In 2010, at the age of 14, Courtney featured in TV Shows and movies – such as American Psycho. Courtney taking a break, while filming a commercial in Hollywood.

During Courtney’s progress as an actress, she realized the importance of staying fit and healthy. She began training in the gym during high school, using fitness as an escape from the pressures of her promising career. Courtney soon fell in love with fitness after seeing progress on her figure. But she was only training cardio at this point – regularly running on the treadmill. At the age of 14, in 2010, Courtney had embarked on her fitness journey. Courtney at the start of her fitness journey, at 14-years-old in 2010. Lifting WeightsOver the next 3 years, Courtney had become very slim and healthy. She followed a clean, well-planned diet and became more interested in bikini athletes and fitness icons (especially Ashley Kaltwasser).In 2013, at 17-years-old, Courtney began lifting weights in the gym – setting her sights on sculpting a physique capable of competing. Courtney at 17-years-old, after starting to lift weights in 2013.

By the time she was 20, in 2016, Courtney had built an impressive physique. Due to her love of fitness, she slowly placed acting on the sidelines while she focused on sculpting her dream physique. After intense preparation, she entered her first show that year – the 2016 NPC West Coast Classic. Courtney stepped on stage, competing in two categories as a bikini athlete – the Bikini Novice Class C, and the Bikini Class F. Although she didn’t win, she placed 6th and 9th respectively. This experience fuelled her determination to succeed in the fitness industry.

Success In The Fitness Industry Courtney was motivated by her respectable performance in her first competition. She raised her training intensity, aiming to place higher in her next contest. A few months later, she entered her second show – the 2016 NPC Brew City. She didn’t disappoint. Impressively, Courtney walked away with the trophy after placing 1st. Along with her victory, she also qualified to enter national fitness competitions. At this point, she realized that she had a future as a bikini athlete – and began working towards earning her Pro Card. On stage at the 2016 NPC Brew City Show – where she placed 1st.Social Media SensationDuring her progress in the fitness industry, Courtney began posting pictures of her journey on social media under the name @CourtneyTailor.

Soon after, she’d attracted a mass of fans online – being admired for her incredible physique. It wasn’t long until she’d reached over a million followers on Instagram. By 2016, Courtney had become a social media star, inspiring fans around the world to lead a healthy lifestyle.

When Courtney first began training in the gym, she only trained cardio – running on the treadmills. But after being inspired by bikini athletes and fitness icons, she started lifting heavy weights and focusing less on cardio. This allowed her to sculpt a physique capable of competing.

Courtney splits her week into low-carb, and high-carb days. She believes that her body responds to this routine the best, progressing without getting used to a certain diet.

Courtney will keep her carbs minimal on low-carb days. She plans her meals around lean proteins, vegetables, and healthy fats on these days. Her low-carb diet will look something like this:

Meal 1 – Egg whites and a tiny amount of oatmeal

Meal 2 – Chicken, Vegetables, and nuts

Meal 3 – Fish and Vegetables

Meal 4 – Egg whites and vegetables

Meal 5 – Chicken, Vegetables, and nuts

Meal 6 – Fish and Vegetables

On her high-carb days, Courtney consumes more complex carbs – sweet potato, brown rice, and oatmeal. But she’ll keep her fats minimal. Courtney’s high-carb diet will look something like this:

Meal 1 – 1 cup of oatmeal, sugar-free syrup, and egg whites

Meal 2 – Chicken, Vegetables, and Brown Rice

Meal 3 – Fish, Vegetables, and Sweet Potato

Meal 4 – Egg Whites, Vegetables, and Oatmeal

Meal 5 – Chicken, Vegetables, and Brown Rice

Meal 6 – Fish, Vegetables, and Sweet Potato Supplements Stack

In terms of supplements, Courtney takes:

  • Pre-Workout supplement/
  • Glutamine
  • Multi-vitamins
  • Protein Idols and Influences

Courtney was inspired to begin lifting weights by numerous bikini athletes and fitness icons. She names Ashley Kaltwasser as her main idol in the fitness industry. The social media star also names her friends, family, and fans as other sources of motivation. It was them that encouraged her to enter her first competition.

One thing we can learn from Courtney Tailor is to always work towards your ambitions. She didn’t waste any time in chasing her goal of becoming an actress – and it was only a year after taking acting classes that she appeared in numerous commercials. Not only that, Courtney worked hard to sculpt her dream physique after setting her sights on competing as a bikini athlete. She followed a strict diet and training routine – to eventually win her first trophy.


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On November 6, 2019, I had the opportunity to go to court and observe an interes ...

On November 6, 2019, I had the opportunity to go to court and observe an interesting Preliminary Hearing case. The case that I sat through was a rape case about how a twelve years old girl said that her fifty year old uncle would sexually touch her and do certain things to her every time she would go over to his house. The prosecutor asked the young girl a series of inquiries such as “whenever you were going over to your uncle's house did you feel terrified of what he might do to you without anyone else around.” I was speechless when she answered “I was afraid, and I would get angry at my mom when I asked her if I can go over to my grandparent’s house instead and she would always say no.”

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As the trial went on the questions the prosecutor was asking by the minute were getting deeper every second and the answers were very detailed. Some of the inquiries that were asked were as following: “was it only when you went to your uncle’s house, when would your uncle sexually touch you, when your uncle was sexually touch you were you standing up or laying down, did anybody ever walk in while he was doing things to you, did you ever think your uncle was worried about getting caught by someone.” The very first thing I noticed when I walked in and took my seat, was to the left of the holding stalls was a sign saying if anybody talked to any of the defendants, it was considered a misdemeanor.

I never thought that would have to be put up in a courtroom. I had been in a courtroom before but it was for juveniles and their families to observe only. Being in a courtroom filled with strangers all watching this case going on was a bit overwhelming at first. Across from the Judge, there was a table for the prosecutors, at this case trial there was a total of three prosecutors. At a separate table sat the defendant and his defendant. Next to the defendant sat the bailiff. The bailiff was the one who would bring in and out each of the defendants folders that held each of their respective case information, when it was time for the judge to hear their case. The Clerk of Court who sat to the right of the judge, would give the judge a folder containing all the information about the case. On the left side of the judge, was the witness stand, where they young girl told her story as to what her uncle would do to her.

Across the witness stand sat the Court Reporter, whenever the witness, judge, or attorney would speak, the Court Reporter would quickly collect and record every word that came out of each of their mouths. Once the trial started, everyone in the courtroom gave their full attention and respect from the point when the judge walked in until the very end of the trial. The courtroom would stay completely silent as the trail went on. The bailiff went into the holding stalls and brought out the defendant. The defendant was very serious, and he had a nervous look on his face and it looked almost as if he wanted to cry because he was as ashamed as to what he had done. When the victim took the witness stand, she was very anxious, because she could not sit still. You were able to tell she was very scared because as she spoke her voice was coming in and out as if she wouldn’t be able to talk at certain point throughout her story of the events that transpired. As the prosecutor asked the victim multiple inquiries, the judge was well aware of the types of questions that were being asked of her.

The Judge made sure that she understood the question that was being asked to her. If she did not understand the question, she would not have to answer unless the prosecutor made it clearer and if not the judge would overrule it. In my opinion, I do believe the accused was treated innocent until proven guilty. He had his public defendant sitting to the left of him throughout the entire trial. I always thought that defendants were able to take the witness stand to say their side of the story, the defendant was quiet during the whole trial, and he never said one word. When the trial was coming to an end and the prosecutors were through asking questions, the Judge asked prosecutors if the witness was able to be dismissed. There was a lady who was standing next to her during the entire trial, my guess is that she was one of the little girl's mother or guardian. As she got up she went over to the lady hugged her and they proceeded to exit the courtroom. Then it was time for the judge to give the verdict of the trial. He read the penial codes, the defendant was found guilty on. Once that was done, the judge read that the defendant was given a bail of two hundred million, three hundred thousand dollars. Although it was a large amount of money, I personally think that the defendant should not have been given the slightest chance of bail.


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