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We’ve all been complacent, but no more. Complacency is the cancer of our society. Complacency is the killer of dreams, success, and even failure. Complacency is the emergency brake of life. When we are complacent we limit ourselves to the bare minimum. “Benjamin E. Mays writes that “The tragedy of life is often not in our failure, but rather in our complacency; not in our doing too much, but rather in our doing too little; not in our living above our ability, but rather in our living below our capacities.” Complacency is the silent killer of humanity, and the ultimate killer of all dreams.

The honorable Napoleon Bonaparte states that “ the greatest danger occurs at the moment of victory.” In the wake of accomplishing that goal, he should then promptly supplant it with another beneficial goal. Else, he’ll begin floating with no heading and the state of mind of “I did it. Presently what?” begins to shape and he winds up like a ship lost adrift. Obviously, there ought to be an opportunity to unwind and appreciate the products of your triumph, yet not for a long time. It’s difficult to get up when you reveal to yourself you’ll rest for only two or three minutes would it say it isn’t? I’ve done that as well and seen, three hours fly by. When you stay in a place extremely long, it becomes comfortable and after that it needs more vitality to escape that place and, in that lies, the plain very much camouflaged and trapped lack of concern.

On the off chance that you find that the days are winding up increasingly indistinguishable, you’re not the only one. Routine is unavoidable, and individuals incline toward it like moths to the fire and once you settle down into the day by day routine of things, you wind up in a cycle that has potential negative reactions, particularly on the planet we live in today. Change is very a given these days. There is no such thing as employer stability the economy is capricious, anything can occur at any given time; however the one thing that remains consistent is that the individuals who manage change all the time rather than the individuals who don’t, will doubtlessly have the capacity to manage that change more adequately.

Lack of concern tends to halt any potential for change from developing in any way and therefore when change happens, it’s a major stun to your framework. Moreover, smugness tends to cultivate self-satisfied exercises, for example, staring at the TV or playing computer games when that time can be spent developing, regardless of whether it be from perusing books, tuning in to tapes, or working out. The open-door costs are extraordinary when carelessness enters our lives since it’s the path of least resistance. It’s the way as a matter of course.

I say DBD. – dependably be developing. There is SO much out there to learn and encounter. We live in a time where we have data readily available. We have the way to movement, to try new things, but, a drape has been pulled over our eyes and we just view life through the limited view that lack of concern tends to give us.

Works Cited

1. Mays, B. E. (n.d.). Quotations by Benjamin E. Mays. Goodreads. https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/183698.Benjamin_E_Mays
2. Bonaparte, N. (n.d.). Napoleon Bonaparte Quotes. Goodreads. https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/29642.Napoleon_Bonaparte
3. Barker, E. (2018). Complacency: The Silent Killer. Elite Daily. https://www.elitedaily.com/life/motivation/complacency-silent-killer/1926003
4. Gray, A. (2017). How Complacency is Holding You Back in Life. Thought Catalog. https://thoughtcatalog.com/amy-gray/2017/07/how-complacency-is-holding-you-back-in-life/
5. King, A. (2019). The Dangers of Complacency. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2019/11/theres-nothing-wrong-ambition/601631/
6. Kerpen, D. (2014). The Dangers of Complacency. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140506033609-7731289-the-dangers-of-complacency/
7. Mathis, L. (2018). The Perils of Complacency. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/larrymathies/2018/06/12/the-perils-of-complacency/
8. Selena Soo. (2019). How to Avoid Complacency in Your Career. Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/90347385/how-to-avoid-complacency-in-your-career
9. Smith, C. (2020). The Danger of Complacency: A Hidden Killer. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/notes-self/202006/the-danger-complacency-hidden-killer
10. Stone, T. (2017). Complacency is the Killer of Dreams. Goalcast. https://www.goalcast.com/2017/05/10/complacency-is-the-killer-of-dreams/

Right or wrong, black or white, good or evil. Some aspect within the human psyche commands that specific and rigid classifications exist. There is a yearning to categorize every aspect, object, and experience ever encountered-once categorized, it is hard to adapt. Likewise, philosophers have long labored over questions concerning human nature: are we a race wholly separate from beasts or is our nature nothing more than bestial? Throughout Shakespeare's tragedy King Lear, specifically highlighted in one of Lear's speeches, the integrity of human nature is called into question. Although in his delusional state he attests that people are no better than beasts, cloaked in the façade of dignity, he is yet unaware of two characters that exhibit qualities that far exceed this assumption. In defying the animal instinct of self-preservation, opting instead to use reason guided by compassion, both Cordelia and Kent represent a contrast to Lear's bleak outlook on human nature. Furthermore, because they both act under pressure and thereby on pure instinct, their decisions adhere to the theory that human nature is not necessarily bestial (i.e. base and self-serving) but rather noble and loyal.

Naïve and somewhat shallow, King Lear declares that he will divide his fortune and kingdom among his three daughters based on their ability to express their love for him. All while her sisters deliver their grandiose proclamations of love, Cordelia's asides reveal her mounting anxiety over this test of filial devotion (KL.I.I.62, 76-78). Though evidently under pressure, Cordelia chooses not to flagrantly parade her love for her father and to "not make that reply;" instead she says "nothing," "unhappy that [she]...cannot heave [her] heart into [her] mouth" and knowing all the while that "nothing will come of nothing" (Sewell 143, KL.I.I.89, 90, 91-92). In denying the opportunity to claim a portion of wealth, she ignores the basic animal instinct to ensure one's own survival and instead embraces honor and honesty. In his folly, Lear banishes his youngest and most beloved daughter, deeming her "untender" and a "stranger to [his] heart and [him]" (KL.I.I.107, 116). Despite this brutal renunciation, Cordelia returns to aid her father after the fickle elder sisters strip him of his physical and mental worth. Desiring to bring "restoration" and to "repair those violent harms" with a kiss, Cordelia embodies the vary essence of "conduct (and character) in which reason is transformed by compassion" when she actively seeks and nurtures Lear in his hour of need (KL.IV.VII. 27, 29, Sewell 144). Essentially, Cordelia recognizes that her actions will not benefit her in any physical sense (which would drive an animal's motivation to act), but rather, she makes her decisions based on compassion and a keen awareness of honesty.

Seeing that Lear judges Cordelia unfairly, Kent steps beyond his boundaries of propriety in bringing this mistake to light. As a means of survival, courtly attendants recognize a certain level of respect owed to the ruler in order to maintain their positions and lives. Knowingly speaking beyond his realm of propriety endangers Kent's life and honored position, but his "honesty has in it a bluntness something more than the mere requirement if its occasion" (Sewell 142). His close confidence with Lear commands that Kent be "unmannerly when Lear is mad" and "when majesty falls to folly" (KL.I.I. 147-148, 150). Kent immediately responds to Lear's accusation and condemnation of Cordelia because he sees the truth in her response and in their past relationship. Because his personal relationships to both Lear and Cordelia determine his character, Kent disregards courtly standards in favor of pursuing that which is right and moral (Sewell 140). Lear discounts his admonishments and threatens banishment, but Kent remains steadfast in his desire to point out and correct the King's mistake. After he is banished, the "loyal" Kent returns to Lear's side, disguised in order to serve the "master whom [he] lov'st" and in whom he recognizes "authority" (Sewell 145, KL.I.IV.6, 30). Through fights, storms, fools, madness and more fights, Kent supports and guides Lear from his "first of difference and decay;" after all of the trials of this worldly life, the faithful servant vows to follow his master even in death (KL.V.III. 294, 329). Because Kent cares more for the spiritual and moral reasons to aid Lear than the material benefits, he exhibits nobility not associated with animals.

Through his foray into madness, Lear sees society "without grace, without sweetness" and witnesses a "terrible picture of what may lie beneath the façade of social and political institutions...rotten and hypocritical" (Sewell 144). He sees only the negativity bred by the greed in Goneril and Regan. He sees only the fickleness of love-a force supposedly stronger than life. Through his experiences up until that point, he speaks the truth. All that he once relied upon is gone. He neglects to see the compassion and loyalty that becomes so apparent to the audience and is blind to the forces working behind the scenes despite his former mistreatment of them: Cordelia who scours the countryside to rescue her father, Kent who stands by his side throughout all of the hardships. Human nature seems quite brutish to the naked eye, but to the keen and perceptive onlooker, human nature under stress and at its most basic can be pure and loyal. All that is necessary is a sharper lens and a willingness to alter first impressions.

The techniques embraced by directors in accomplishing the set objectives is incredibly influenced by their impression of the operational condition. According to Mintzberg and Waters (1985) strategies may either be planned or emergent occurrence. In deliberate strategies the importance is on the focal bearing and chains of importance, and these are related to formal strategic planning, concentrating on control and failing strategy-as-practice (S-as-P) instead of developing methodologies where the importance is on aggregate activities and joined practices, concentrating on learning. Deliberate strategies speak to the formalization of system, being produced top-down and including just only top management. Emergent strategies are related to day-by-day process or choices, for example, the interest of the entire organization and being generated bottom-up (Cardoso and Lavarda, 2011). Deliberate strategy is process-oriented, created by a synergetic application and knowledgeable thinking of key shareholders in an organization.

It is typically forced in the operational processes. Then again, the emergent strategy is versatile, a circumstance where organizations incrementally and progressively refine their methodologies as handy data and openings develop. Blends and Hunt (1999). Strategic thinking can be utilized as a part of any organization in pursuit of achieving an upper hand over the competition. The main concern about strategic thinking is the development of strategy, done over creativity and improvement, through visualizing the future of the organization. Goldman, Cahill and Filho (2009) described strategic thinking as a singular persons reasoning drive that an organization can use to decide aggressive ways to deal with position the organization future course in light of evaluated conditions from the environment. According to (Liedtka 1998) strategic thinking contains five components, which are system perspective, intent focused, intelligent opportunism, thinking in time and hypothesis-driven. Notwithstanding the opposition and the mind boggling dynamic condition that organizations are faced with on daily basis, organizations can exploit strategic thinking to advance toward another and more effective future. Strategic thinking understands present state of the organization, future direction of the organization, distinguish the gap and make the substitute ways to deal with envision and give solutions. It takes a look at the organizational objectives and how to accomplish these objectives. Besides, Strategic thinking is more about settling on choices straightforwardly towards accomplishing defined results as a purposeful action, which can be delegated systematic, choice concerned with decision and guiding towards(Zhu, 2014). A technique would be improved by system thinking since it takes a look at each piece of the business in connection to the productivity and long haul accomplishment of the entire organization.

To work most viably in an emerging business condition, systems thinking ought to be a piece of each part of key procedures. Management of a complex dynamic system incorporates going out on a risks mission for progression of the system. Besides, management assumes a critical part in the change determinations of an organization, (Pourdehnad and Bharathy, 2004). Leadership must will to grasp change and make an empowering domain that energizes inventiveness, imaginativeness, collaboration and participative approach for change to be viable. "A systems can't learn and adjust except if its management can." (Ackoff, 1999). The overall worldview for keeping up an upper hand has stopped to be successful and has depleted its prospective ability, (Gharajedaghi, 2011 pp.8).

Pourdehnad and Bharathy (2004) contest that for organization to manage developing complex issues, organizational change must include a change in outlook which is systems thinking. Everybody utilize systems thinking all the time without realizing that we are doing as such. System thinking is intended for watching how things are identified with each other inside some idea of a whole unit (Peters, 2014). It is a wide approach of how things function or come together. A system is a collaboration of parts and their interconnections that meet up to accomplish an objective. All those parts in a system are associated, transforming one section or association influences different components of the system and all those parts work towards a resolution. Systems thinking looks at the whole, where the parts are never as important and ought to dependably work to profit the whole. System thinking educates strategic thinking and can be characterized as dynamic, descriptive and synthetic. It thinks about the whole system, the coordinated effort and between connections comprehensively, and incorporates the successive introduction of systems distinguished in strategic thinking methodologies. The embodiment of systems thinking is watching the system to make sense of how it can function in an unexpected way; understanding the communications and recognitions with a view towards driving change in a more centered manner. (Zhu, 2014)

Complexity Perspective: New Ways of Thinking about Strategy?

CAS are dynamic frameworks ready to adjust in and advance with an evolving domain. It is vital to understand that there is no partition between a framework and its condition in the possibility that a framework dependably adjusts to an evolving situation. Or maybe, the idea to be inspected is that of a framework firmly connected with all other related frameworks making up a biological community. Inside such a unique circumstance, change should be seen in terms of co-development with all other related frameworks, instead of as adjustment to a different and unmistakable condition.

"So that troubled time continued, woe that never stopped..." (Beowulf 38)

In the epic poem Beowulf, the relation of aggression and heroism is complicated and challenging, especially when a contemporary reader is introduced to views expressed from the perspective of the Anglo-Saxon culture base. The challenge, therefore, is to interpret and understand the complex view of violence that the anonymous Anglo-Saxon narrator presents. The narrator paints a contrasting picture of glorious violence, which brings honor to a warrior, and tragic violence, which permeates the relationships between the Anglo-Saxon tribes.

The most noticeable examples of violence in the Beowulf epic are the descriptions of Beowulf's battles. These descriptions are lengthy, detailed, and typically filled with gore. While this may be shocking for a modern audience, the framing of these violent descriptions make it clear that these events are something to praise and admire. When Beowulf first boasts to Hrothgar of his honor, he stresses that, "all knew of my awesome strength. They have seen me boltered in the blood of enemies" (Beowulf 418). The text clearly implies that Beowulf's forceful "avenge[ing of] the Geats" is glorious and heroic worthy (423). The language which surrounds Beowulf and his exploits is lofty and elegant, glorifying the severity of the violence he uses. Likewise, his aggressive actions toward the "monster" Grendel, when "[s]inews split and... bone-lappings burst," is not only worthy of praise, but of a banquet and celebration from Hrothgar's whole kingdom (816-17). This supports Mallory Carlson's statement in her ENGL 41 essay: "Violence is at the core of every action and cultural standard held by the Germanic characters in Beowulf, so much so, that violence actually transcends its thematic nature and begins to develop into a type of ideal virtue."

Outside of this heroic bubble, however, there is a clear difference in tone between descriptions of Beowulf's glory and the many Anglo-Saxon feuds. The first, and perhaps clearest, example of this comes in the form of a poem within the poem. After Beowulf's triumph over Grendel, a scop sings a ballad telling the tragic story of the Danish Hildeburgh, who is given as a wife to King Finn of the Jutes as collateral in order to end a long history of vengeance killings. However, a feud breaks out once again and "son and brother [and husband], / she lost them... on the battlefield" (1072). Unlike the descriptions of Beowulf's battle, which focused on his actions and the violent imagery of the fight, the story of Hildeburgh focuses on the feelings of loss and of her "wail[ing] and sing[ing] keens" as her family members are burnt on the funeral pyre (1119). The story does not end in any side's triumph, but with both sides loosing many men, "the gallant Finn slain in his home," and a heartbroken Hildeburgh taken back to her homeland (1146). The story is clearly not one of heroism, but of tragedy. Similarly, the various tales of Anglo-Saxon tribal history are littered with examples of tragic violence. The decades of battles between the Swedes and the Geats emphasize example after example of revenges and battles which just lead to new revenges and battles. As Carlson states in her essay: "The pattern of violence in Beowulf...creates a type of cosmic irony. Since revenge is strongly valued by Anglo-Saxon cultures, there is always justification for human death." With the exception of Beowulf's reign and a mention of Hrothgar's, Kings and tribes are shown as constantly at war with each other. The cycle gives the clear impression of futility and boundlessness. All of these chaotic battles and histories are seemingly meant to be contrasted with Beowulf's reign as king, which the narrator states is filled with an astonishing 50 years of peace.

However, even within Beowulf's own battles are hints of complications that the narrator gives, specifically with the introduction of Grendel's mother. While the defeating of a dangerous "monster" should be characteristically depicted as glorious and honorable, the poet narrator introduces complexities in the form of the motives of Grendel's mother. Like the cycles of vengeance within the tribal histories, Beowulf's killing of Grendel continued the cycle of violence, requiring Grendel's mother to "avenge her only child" (1546-7). Like the battles between the Anglo-Saxon tribes, the battle between Beowulf and the supernatural creatures of the poem is shown as being recurring and cyclical. The poet suggests that this repetition of violence may never truly end. If Beowulf had lost to Grendel's mother, another warrior would have tried to avenge his death, and so on and so forth. It is no small detail, therefore, that Beowulf's death is finally caused by a supernatural creature, the dragon, and that the dragon is ultimately killed by Beowulf's thane, Wiglaf. Ultimately, it is Beowulf's death that truly signals a new cycle of violence. Wiglaf tells his fellow warriors that: "[The] vicious fued [with the] Swedes... is bound to revive; they will cross our borders and attack in force when they find out that Beowulf is dead" (3000-03). The poem clearly states that this attack is inevitable and that the cycle of violence will certainly continue.

With this debatably bleak ending [2] to the poem, however, the question remains what the narrator's overlying message is. What does it mean for individual violence against "evil" creatures to be glorified, while tribal violence is shown as ending in tragedy and chaos? The thesis of Beowulf may be that violence may lead to great glory and praise, but it also leads to what may be viewed as inescapable violence and revenge. However, a clear expansion of this thesis is that these visions of violence are not as contradictory as they seem. The poem ends not just with the mourning of Beowulf, but with the praising of him as a great man. With this in mind, a logical message of the epic is that violence and war are inevitable; after all, there will always be monsters, human quarrels, and kings' deaths. However, warriors such as Beowulf, who flourish in battle yet rule with peace, have "heroic nature[s]" and "greatness" worthy of praise (Beowulf 100). Because of this, there is hope in the futility of tragic violence, and that hope is a warrior's sense of honor and glory.

References

1. Baker, P. S. (2013). Honour, exchange and violence in Beowulf (Vol. 20). DS Brewer. (https://boydellandbrewer.com/9781843843467/honour-exchange-and-violence-in-ibeowulfi/)
2. Wymer, T. L., & Labbie, E. F. (2004). Civilized Rage in'Beowulf'. The Heroic Age, 7, 1-15. (https://www.heroicage.org/issues/7/labbie&wymer.html)
3. Rollin, R. B. (1970). Beowulf to Batman: The epic hero and pop culture. College English, 31(5), 431-449. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/374059)
4. Hardaway, R. (2011). The warrior and the witan: Searching for the culture of wisdom in Beowulf (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina). (https://www.proquest.com/openview/22e7814e08c3976878b26848894e1489/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750)
5. Neidorf, L. (2013). Peter S. Baker. Honour, Exchange and Violence in Beowulf. Anglia, 131(4), 180-182. (https://www.academia.edu/9142615/Review_Honour_Exchange_and_Violence_in_Beowulf_Peter_S_Baker_)

Table of contents

1. The Relationship Between Lila and Ray
2. Moral Dimensions Activated In Lila and Ray
3. Migrants
4. The Impact of Inequality
5. The Impact of Materialism
6. Toward a New Understanding Of Multiculturalism
7. Personal Insights

Frozen River reflects the complexities of cultural identities in America by showing us many examples of privilege, hard times, problems, racism, prejudice and alliance. It shows us different perspectives on multiple problems. In the time and society that the movie was taken place in shows a lot of examples of white privilege. For example, when Ray and Lila crossed the border from Canada and back into America, Lila mentioned to Ray that she had nothing to be sacred of. What Lila meant was that Ray should not be scared of the cops. Ray is white; therefore, she is less likely to get pulled over. Another example of white privilege is at the end of the movie, when Lila would have had to go to jail for five years because she is a Mohawk Indian, while Ray would only have to go for four months for the same crime. White privilege, including racism and prejudice has not been only a thing of the past, it still happens in America today and the movie does a good job portraying it.

The Relationship Between Lila and Ray

Even though Lila and Ray’s lives are very separate, they are also parallel as well. Lila and Ray are both connected in the movie because they are both decent and hard working mothers that struggle day-to-day life. They both do not have romantic lovers but they both have kids of their own that eventually create an understanding of motherhood. They did not see eye to eye until they got to know one another more. Cultural processes such as being from complete different ethnic backgrounds slowed the process of Lila and Ray getting to know each other fully. They both had stereotypes about each other before getting to know each other. This is mainly because the Indian people and Caucasian people both had their own societies within society. Ray will probably never get to experience or fully know what it is like to be Indian while Lila will never know what it is like to be living in society as a Caucasian woman. At the end of the day both women do whatever they can to provide for their families. They are also faced with poverty so they both make poor decisions that form a budding friendship.

Moral Dimensions Activated In Lila and Ray

Care/harm: This moral dimension represents attachment, kindness and nurturance. The first example of this foundation would be when TJ, Ray’s older son, wants to help his mother by dropping out of school, looking after his younger brother Ricky and getting a job to help the family out. Ray and TJ get into an argument because Ray does not want Ricky to drop out of school. I believe that TJ mentioned to help the family because he was old enough to realize that his mother was struggling and he wanted to help her out.

Ray’s nurturance as practically a single mother for her children would also be an example care. Another example of this moral dimension would be when Lila picks her son from her mother in law’s house at the end of the movie. Both mothers are showing a form of devoted attachment. At the end of the movie when Ray chooses to go to prison instead of Lila and insists that Lila takes care of her son’s while she is away in prison would also be considered as an example of care. Lila and Ray are able to feel the pain of each other as mothers.

The kids eat popcorn and tang while Ray is not at home. At first, the audience considered this as harm to the kids. As the audience finds out that Ray is out there battling and going against the norms of society to find a way to feed her children real food, we change our mind. It is then considered as care. All parents will do whatever they can to make sure there is food on the table.

Fairness/cheating: This moral dimension promotes fairness and equality. During the movie when Lila and Ray would drive across the Canada border and be back in USA, Ray would always be nervous for cops but Lila would assure her that she had nothing to worry about since she was “white.” When Ray did get pulled over the first time, she was questioned to why Lila, an “Indian” was in her car. Ray had to lie and say that Lila was her babysitter to get through the situation without being interrogated more. The cop’s stereotypical actions perceived by Lila and the questioning of why Lila was in Ray’s car are all examples of inequality between the people of color and law enforcement. This example goes against all the rules of this moral dimension.

Loyalty/betrayal: This foundation promotes patriotism and self-sacrifice. An example of this would be when Ray offers to go to prison for four months so Lila doesn’t have to go for five year. Ray’s action underlines a form of self-sacrifice in her relationship with Lila, which forms a bond of loyalty and trust in their friendship.

Authority/subversion: In the movie, there were two forms of authority that were present. There was the Indian reservation and the cops. Both have power depending on what part of the land they are stepping on. At one point in the movie, Lila and Ray take the route into the Indian reservation to avoid detection of any cops. This made it seem like both forms of authority stayed out of each other’s way. The reservation has power mainly of the Indian people/tribes that live on their land. They have the power to invite people in and kick people out. The cops have power on the land outside of the reservations. Law enforcement and reservations seem to be able to negotiate when noticeable crimes occur.

Liberty/oppression: In the movie Lila had a lot of resentment for not being with her son after the moment he was born. Her mother in law dominated and restricted her son from her for so long that Lila felt like she was banned from raising him.

Sanctity/degradation: The foundation of sanctity/degradation means that the body is like a temple and it can be contaminated by immoral activities. During the time Ray got shot in the ear at the strip club in Canada is an example of this foundation. The foundation is basically saying that she was doing an illegal crime of trafficking humans; therefore, she got herself into a sticky situation (moralfoundations.org).

Migrants

There is an irony in the trafficking of the migrants across the river. The people being trafficked across the river are paying everything they got so they can start a new life in America, mean while Lila and Ray are two Americans who are breaking the law so they can get by to live their lives in America. The Asian people being trafficked into the USA are risking all they have got for the hope to live a better life while Lila and Ray are risking their lives by breaking the law in order to live a better life as well.

During the smuggling of the Pakistani couple, Ray and Lila are concerned about the duffle bag they had. Ray made a comment on how the couple must was bringing a bomb into the country so they threw the duffle bag out the car onto the frozen river. Later they realized that there was a baby in the duffle bag so they went to go find the duffle bag. In this scenario, Lila and Ray assumed that duffle bag had something dangerous in it by stereotyping the Pakistani couple. In reality, there was just an innocent, harmless child that Lila and Ray felt obligated to find due to their motherly instincts.

The Impact of Inequality

The roles of inequality portrayed in the movie are the numerous issues between the Native American society and the legal system. There are four examples shown in the movie that represent unfairness toward Lila due to the fact that she is Native American. First, when Ray was being paranoid after smuggling immigrants onto American land, she would panic and get a lot of anxiety when she would see a cop. Lila said to Ray, “They’re not going to stop you. You’re white.” This shows that Lila thinks that cops are biased towards Native American people and are more likely to pull them over. Second, when Ray got pulled over by a cop, the cop immediately asked Ray why Lila was in the car with her. Usually you do not question people’s company but seeing Lila and Ray together seemed taboo to the cop.

Third, Lila mentioned that she had a son but does not live or take care of him because her mother in law took him right after she gave birth. She wants to play a motherly figure in her son’s life but she feels hopeless in her situation. When Lila tells Ray the news about her son, Ray is shocked and immediately asks Lila why she has not reported the situation to the cops. Lila immediately tells Ray that she feels that the cops will not care or do much. Cops and the legal system are supposed to help people in society but in this case Lila is already convinced that dealing with the legal system will do nothing.

Lastly, at the end of the movie someone had to take the blame for trafficking the humans into America. Lila would get sentenced to five years of prison while Ray would only serve four months of prison. This shows inequality between ethnic backgrounds. It is unfair that one person has to do four times more jail time for the same crime.

The Impact of Materialism

Some of the materialism that was presented in Ray’s house was the big flat screen TV bath salts, and the family’s vision of their new home. The big nice flat TV was not necessary to buy, in Ray’s situation I would have bought a fairly cheaper TV. She even mentions that she has bath salts that wants to put to good use. When the movie first started, I noticed that the bathroom was very dirty and in a bad condition. That is probably the reason why she talked about using them in her future home. Ray’s family had a roof over their heads but they still wanted a new house. This is another example of materialism. As a society, most of us strive for bigger and nicer; therefore, I can see why Ray and her children wanted a new house even though they did not have the money to buy one.

For Christmas, Ray’s older son got a random woman’s credit card information to buy his little brother the hot wheels set that he wanted for Christmas. This is also another example of materialism in Ray’s family. The older son could have given the younger son a gift without it having to be materialistic. For example, he could have made a hand made gift or taken his younger brother out on an adventure to a park or a special place as his present.

Since Ray’s family is very poverty-stricken, it could have psychologically driven them to like nice things. You are automatically going to crave for better, nicer things when you are barely getting by. As a society, we all want to be wealthy so we can live comfortably. Some people are not very materialistic, as in having really nice cars and clothes but at the end of the day all of us are money driven because we want nice things. For example, some people might drive a really nice car but live in an apartment, while others might have a normal car and live in a mansion. The definition of materialism is different for all of us but everyone at the end of the day wants to live satisfied.

Toward a New Understanding Of Multiculturalism

Lila and Ray overcome the cultural stereotypes and assumptions in their relationship by working together to get the immigrants across the border. As they got to know one another better, they realized that they are more similar than different. The moment that was a building block in their relationship was the moment Ray and Lila went back to pick up the baby in the duffle bag. Lila thought the baby was dead but Ray did not want to loose hope. Together, they saved the baby. Their relationship points to a new understanding of multicultural society and identity through motherhood. The message of that scenario was that motherhood is timeless and it stretches across all borders. Lila, Ray and the Pakistani immigrant are all connected as mothers as they find themselves trying to save their kids as well as themselves.

There is a new understanding between multicultural society and identity between Lila and Ray when Ray runs back to the reservation after Lila volunteered to go to prison instead of Ray. This is the moment that Lila and Ray see each other more as human beings other than a “white” or “Indian” woman. They do not look at each other the same as they used to, now they see each other as mothers, sisters and friends. There is a common understanding between them two. Ray makes Lila in charge of her kids until she is back form prison. As the audience you see the trust and bond that they have created.

Personal Insights

Even though Lila and Ray made poor decisions to traffic human across the border, I still sympathize with them and I do not view them as bad people. I would have probably done the same if I were in their situation. This movie shows a good representation of poverty and why people take part in illegal activities. I was just reading an article about a woman who started selling drugs because she could not support her family of five after her husband passed away. She had three children and her mother that she supported on her own. Her mother could not go to work because she did not know any English. The woman worked all day, every day of the week with two jobs and yet she was barley getting by. When she started selling drugs, she made a lot of money. She never did any of the drugs herself; she only sold them because she started making five times her working salary in a short amount of time. She said she did it for her kids because she wanted food on the table and she did not want to be homeless. This woman ended up getting caught and she had to serve a prison sentence that was about two decades long. The article I read relates a lot to the movie because it really does not matter what race or culture you come from, all humans have basic needs and drives for survival and we will do whatever it takes to keep our families together.

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I also really liked the ending scene when TJ, Ray’s son apologized to the woman that he stole the credit card information from. The ending shows that it is okay to accept apologizes for people’s negative or criminalizing behavior that they have committed in the past.

The semantic web is a term coined by Sir Timothy Berners-Lee which refers to a set of standards that enables data to be shared and reused easily across applications (Wikipedia n.d) It is an extension of the world wide web that gives information well-defined meaning and enables people and computers to work cooperatively (Berners Lee et al., 2001). The semantic web promotes the use of standardized formats and protocols to create and exchange data across multiple programs. (Antoniou et al 2008) regarded semantic web as an approach that would enable web content to be represented in a form that is easily machine-processable. Representing content in this format enables computers to process, store, manage and retrieve information based on meaning, importance and logical relations (Ontotext n.d) These enables Contents stored and accessible on the web are presented in a format that is easy for humans to read, process and understand. The vision of the semantic web is to allow the effective sharing of data that can be processed and consumed by tools manually or automatically (Saraf, 2008). The semantic web consists of key components that form the building blocks for the system to run effectively i.e. SPARQL, RDF, URI, UNICODE, XML that would be explained in detail.

Components of the Semantic Web

Unicode: The Unicode is a standardized format for encoding and manipulating computer text regardless of language to make it compatible with all types of software. The latest version of UNICODE consists of over 136,000 characters from 139 contemporary and historic scripts.

Uniform resource identifier (URI): This is a string of characters used to identify and locate resources. They provide the basis of finding web pages across the internet.

Resource Description Framework (RDF): RDF is a general model for data exchange on the web. While the Extensible Markup Language (XML) enables users to add subjective structure to their documents but does not define what the structure means, the RDF aims to define what these structures mean. It makes web data more versatile and can be compared to do what catalogue cards do for library books, this makes data retrieval faster and more accurate (Bosak et al, 1999). The standard determines how information is described or modelled within the web (Hayes, 2004).

The RDF consists of three Key Concepts which are regarded as the RDF triple.

• Resources: This can refer to a specific item or resource that is being discussed. This could be something like a specific laptop
• Properties: This describes the relationship between resources. This could be the laptop “is a” Windows.
• Statements: This provides the value of the resources. An example is the laptop is “14-inch screen size”.

RDF Schema (RDFS): This is a basic type of modelling language that describes different classes of properties that can apply to different types of resources in the basic RDF model. It gives a simple structure to derive different types of resources.

Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL): Pronounced as “sparkle” is a querying language for RDF. It is designed to specifically query data across multiple platforms and to retrieve and process data which is stored in RDF format (Ontotext n.d)

Extensible markup language (XML): This term can simply be termed as language for marking messages and documents with tags to make machines easily analyse data (Pollock 2009). XML is a mark-up language that supports Unicode which provides a standardized format for storing text based data in a human and machine-readable format (Dykes et al, 2005). Conolly et al (2010) regarded XML as a metalanguage (a language used for the description of other languages), which provides a better functionality than HTML.

XML is one of the tools used in the provision of syntax for expressing data models in semantic web technologies. Other tools can be used to provide syntax which doesn’t make XML an essential part of semantic web technologies, but it leverages itself on the design goal which emphasizes general usability and simplicity across the internet. This simplicity makes XML a popular choice. Conolly et al (2010) echoed this sentiment by stating that “Some analysts believe that it will become the language in which most documents are created and stored, both on and off the Internet” (Connolly et al 2010: 1138). XML allows data to be stored comfortably, searched easily and sent around corresponding networks efficiently.

Software AG, a vendor of XML tools stated the benefits of XML and why companies are adopting and using XML

• Simplicity: Information coded using XML is processed easily by computers and very easy for humans to read and understand.
• Openness: XML is endorsed by industry market leaders because it is a W3C standard
• Extensibility: XML has no fixed set of tags which allows users to create new tags to suit specific requirements
• Adoption Rate: XML has been adopted by top companies such IBM, Microsoft, SAP
• Embedding Existing Data Structures or relational database is simple and fast using XML
• Reuse: XML tags can be repurposed multiple times.
• Support for Metatags and Metadata: XML contains information which helps in describing its own data, this makes it easier for computer systems to use and comprehend the data

Ontology: In Semantic web and information architecture, knowledge representation about a domain of information in electronic form is achieved using ontologies (Harpring, 2010). Ontologies can also be described as a formal and explicit description of a shared concept (Gruber, 1993).

Ontology Web Language (OWL) “allows for defining classes hierarchies, relations between classes and subclasses, properties, associations between classes, properties domain and range, class instances; equivalent classes and properties; restrictions, and so on”. (Gladun et al., 2009). Ontology was designed to reduce lexical misunderstandings that occurs to specific domains. This is done by characterizing and defining a set of concepts that compromises a domain and explaining the relationship between the concepts (Ta et al 2015).

An Ontology composes of multiple components but they key concepts would be stated below:

• Classes: This describes the concept in a domain. A class in an ontology created for the company could be called ‘Laptops’. A class named ‘Laptops’ would represent all the laptop in the company’s inventory.
• Individuals/Instance: This are specific objects within classes. An example would be ‘windows’ being an Instance of the ‘Laptop’ class. ’14-inch screen size’ would be an instance of ‘windows’.
• Taxonomic Hierarchy: This is making appropriate classes and sub classes. I.E ‘Laptop’ class has a subclass called ‘windows’. This means every instance of ‘windows’ would be a subclass of ‘tools’

Table of contents

1. Introduction
2. Plot Analysis
3. Narration (Point of View)
CharactersDark and MockingForeshadowingAnaphoraSimile
4. Analysis of Lexical Categories
5. References

Introduction

Introduction: As described by many critics and literary writers, Edgar Allan Poe is, without a doubt, one of the most influential writers, critics, poets and editors in America history and well-known in the world of literature. With his 'Gothic' style in writings, as many of his works, 'The Black Cat' is considered as one of the best of his works.

Edgar Allan Poe, who is famous for his great work in literature, was born in Boston on 19th of January 1809. Poe's father left the family in 1810 and his mother died the following year. After he lost both of his parents at a very young age, he and his sister were raised by John Allan in Virginia. When he was 6, he went to school in England for five years and learned Latin and French as well as math and history there. In 1826 he went to the University of Virginia but because of his bad addictions like alcohol and gambling he became in debt and had to quit school. In 1827, he moved to Boston and enlisted to Army. His first collection of poems, Tamerlane, and Other Poems, was published that year. In 1829, he published a second collection entitled AI Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems. After 2 years in army, Poe moved to Maryland to live with his Aunt and her daughter, Virginia. Poe began to sell short stories and, in 1835, he became the editor of the Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond. One year later he married his thirteen-year-old cousin, Virginia. Over the next ten years, Poe edits several literary journals and during these years he established himself as a poet, a short story writer and an editor. He published some of his best-known stories and poems, including 'The Fall of the House of Usher,' 'The Tell-Tale Heart,' 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue,' and 'The Raven.' In 1847, Poe’s wife passed away from tuberculosis and after Virginia’s death, Poe’s chronic alcohol abuse and depression worsened. On October 3, 1849, he was found in a state of semi-consciousness, he died four days later of 'acute congestion of the brain.' Evidence by medical practitioners who reopened the case has shown that Poe may have been suffering from rabies. After his death a contemporary of him said, 'This death was almost a suicide, a suicide prepared for a long time.'

Plot Analysis

• Exposition

At the beginning of the story we learn that the narrator is going to die tomorrow, and he wants to tell us his story which is going to be ugly.

• Conflict

The narrator 'loves' animals and so does his wife. They have many animals, and one of them is our narrator's favorite a cat named Pluto. He begins to drink and starts to abuse everyone, even animals, except Pluto.

• Rising action

Day by day, the narrator thinks that his lovely Pluto started to avoid him, so one day when he is drunk he decides to kill Pluto, cuts its eye out, hangs it from a tree. Now he’s a cat murderer, and his happy home seems to be more nightmarish.

• Climax

After he murdered the cat in the morning, fire breaks out while the narrator’s sleeping and somehow, he, his wife and their servant manage to escape but now they’re in poverty.

• Falling action

A new black cat appears in the story very looks like Pluto but this one has white spot on its chest. We don’t know whether this cat is the evil version Pluto or not. In this stage he is getting worse and worse. Also, we learn that he’s writing from a felon’s cell.

• Denouement

One day, the new cat follows the narrator on the stairs and he raised an axe to kill it, but he is stopped by his wife and in rage he ended up killing his wife with an axe, after then, he hides his wife within the cellar walls. The cat seems to have fled, and the narrator sleeps peacefully for the first time in a long time. After a while, the police finally come to search the house. The narrator thinks that they have no chance to find the narrator’s wife.

• Resolution

As the police are about to leave the house for good, the narrator takes his cane and raps on the cellar wall to boast about the construction of the house. At that moment, a cat's meow is heard by police and when they open the wall they find the narrator's wife, along with the black cat with white spot on its chest. Therefore, the narrator ended up in jail.

Narration (Point of View)

First Person Unreliable. Topic sentence: The unreliability of the narrator is made known from the first lines when he tries to explain to the readers that he is not mad. He states, “Mad indeed would I be to expect it, in a case where my very senses reject their own evidence. Yet, mad am I not – and very surely do I not dream.' Even though he tries to claim his sanity, later then, he accepts that alcohol made his judgment unclear and he started to act violently and abusive. The narrator also describes the events in detail, but what he describes might not be true. Evidence & citing: For example, at the end of the novel, the narrator thinks that the second black cat is a monster and describes the meow as, “A wailing shriek, half of horror and half of triumph, such as might have arisen only out of hell.” This shows that the narrator might not be hundred percent sure what happened because, probably it was just a 'meow'.

The exact time in the story 'The Black Cat' by Edgar Allan Poe is unknown but we can assume that it's around 1840s. Evidence & citing: Where does the story start is also unknown at first but as the story develop, he introduces himself to readers as a man who experienced terrifying things and at the end we understand that he is now in a cell waiting for his execution. Commentary: The incidents he had are set at his home and in a tavern and he is putting down these event on paper in his prison cell.

Characters

Narrator: Prisoner scheduled for execution. His loathing of a cat he once loved leads to his commission of a capital crime.

Narrator's Wife: Woman of agreeable disposition who likes animals and obtains many pets for her husband.

First Black Cat: Cat named Pluto that loves the narrator but irritates him when it follows him everywhere.

Second Black Cat: Cat that resembles the first black cat and may be a reincarnation of the latter or, so the narrator may think.

Policemen: Officers who investigate the happenings at the home of the narrator.

Servant: Person working in the narrator's household.

Topic sentence: “The Black Cat” have multiple tones that change time to time. Commentary: Sometimes, it’s ironic and irreverent and sometimes dark and mocking. Ironic and Irreverent In the exposition, the narrator states that he proposes to retell 'mere household events' that seem to him 'little but horror' while to others they will 'seem less terrible than baroque.” The narrator states that he grew more irritable with his wife and 'at length I even offered her personal violence.' When he attempts killing the second cat, the narrator's wife intervenes, and he ironically narrates, 'Goaded by this interference into a rage more than demoniacal, I withdrew my arm from her grasp and buried the axe in her brain.' In the next paragraph, the narrator's tone is irreverently calm as he describes how he set about with 'deliberation' to conceal his dastardly deed.

Dark and Mocking

After, he murders his wife, the narrator reflects 'The guilt of my dark deed disturbed me but little.' He adds, 'I looked upon my future felicity as finally secure.” When the police arrive unexpectedly, the narrator asserts that he is 'Secure in the inscrutability of my place of concealment, I felt no embarrassment whatever.' As the police depart, he tells them, 'Gentlemen, I am delighted to have allayed your suspicions. I wish you all health and a little more courtesy. Taunting them, he says, 'By the way, gentlemen, this – this is a very well-constructed house…”.

The first black cat (Pluto): The name comes from, Roman mythology, the Ruler of the Underworld and Dead. The cat with white spot: Even though the narrator doesn’t reveal it directly, but he is likely to dislike this cat because of his resemblance to Pluto. Also, he hated this cat because it reminded him what he had done to Pluto. He believes that the white spot on the cat is changing in appearance to look like the gallows supports the narrator’s growing guilt over his sin.

Foreshadowing

The narrator's scheduled execution on the gallows is foreshadowed first by the narrator's hanging of Pluto, next by the outline of the dead cat on the wall, and finally by the outline of the gallows on the white spot of the second black cat. Evidence & citing: Also, “I grew, day by day, more moody, more irritable, more regardless of the feelings of others.” foreshadows that this might have a negative impact on others later in the story.

Commentary: Poe uses words and phrases to create mental images for the reader. This helps readers to experience his writings more realistically and visualize easily.

Anaphora

Topic sentence: To give emphasis and balance, Poe often uses anaphora in his stories. Here are boldfaced examples from 'The Black Cat': “I grew, day by day, more moody, more irritable, more regardless of the feelings of others”. “These events have terrified – have tortured – have destroyed me. “I blush, I burn, I shudder, while I pen the damnable atrocity.”

Evidence & citing: “For what disease is like Alcohol!” Commentary: Alcohol is a reappearing theme in Poe’s stories and he exemplifies the ill effects of alcohol, probably it’s because he experienced them personally. Evidence & citing: “I … drowned in wine all memory of the deed” which also clearly shows the narrator’s partiality to Alcohol. “The socket of the lost eye presented, it is true, a frightful appearance…” Commentary: Eyes are old symbols for the soul, by cutting out one of the cat’s eyes, the narrator separates his own soul in two, and destroys half of it. This metaphor reinforces the narrator’s duality, and it gives us an image of the ruin of his good half. Evidence & citing: “The corpse … stood erect before the eyes of the spectator” is used to emphasize the tragedy of the denouement of the cruel murder.

Simile

Evidence & citing: “All black cats as witches in disguise” is used to intensify the mysterious effect of the whole story. “Disease is like Alcohol” is for the purpose to characterize the reason of the narrator’s cruel deeds also it underlines that alcohol enslaves human mind and absorbs his soul. “The collapse of the protagonist’s soul” is revealed through the following simile “the spirit of PERVERSENESS as if my final and irrevocable overthrow.”

Evidence & citing: “Sagacious dog” personifies the dog because “sagacious” attributes the quality of a human. Cats also have qualities of a human “evil, sick, twisted”

Analysis of Lexical Categories

Topic sentence: In this story Poe uses adjectives, verbs, nouns a lot and sometimes he uses capitalized or italic words to describe the narrator’s mental state and behavior. He often uses several adjectives to modify just one noun. The adjectives he used mostly related with psychological or emotional qualities. Commentary: To show the readers, how complicated and corrupted is the narrator’s mind Poe uses adjectives. Evidence & citing: For example, “I grew, day by day, more moody, more irritable, more regardless of the feelings of others.” These three adjectives put side by side to describe his change.

Topic sentence: Secondly, the usage of verbs in the story have great stylistic importance. Evidence & citing: In the first paragraph, “In their consequences, these events have terrified — have tortured — have destroyed me.” Commentary: These verbs are ordered to describe the event’s horrible effects for the narrator and show his sufferings. Evidence & citing: When the narrator did his first “atrocious” act, Poe describes it in the following example, “I took from my waistcoat-pocket a penknife, opened it, grasped the poor beast by the throat, and deliberately cut one of its eyes from the socket! I blush, I burn, I shudder, while I pen the damnable atrocity.” Commentary: In the first sentence, “took,” “opened,” “grasped,” and “cut” are used to emphasize the quickness of his act. In the second sentence, three verbs mark up the parallel effect to show the intensity of the narrator’s feelings. Evidence & citing: And lastly “Uplifting an axe, and forgetting, in my wraith, the childish dread, which had hitherto stayed personification in my hand, I aimed a blow at the animal.” Commentary: In this sentence, “uplift” and “aim” are dynamic while “forget” and “stay” are stative. In this case Poe uses both dynamic and static verbs to show that the narrator was out of the control of reason.

Topic sentence: Lastly, Poe uses different nouns to refer to cats according to the narrator’s mental state. Evidence & citing: The narrator called Pluto (first black cat) “him,” “he,” “favorite pet and playmate.” When he cut one of its eye he called the cat “poor beast.” Poe changed time to time how the narrator referred to Pluto to show the love of the narrator towards to Pluto was changing. Evidence & citing: When the narrator met the second cat he, first, called it “some black object” and “it” later then, “a great favorite” but started to dislike the cat he called it “the creature”, “the monster”, “the beast”. And in this story Poe mostly uses abstract nouns like “soul”, “guilt”, “damnation”, “demon”.

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Topic sentence: For the sentence complexity, I can certainly say that Poe uses complex sentences in his stories as well as in “The Black Cat”. Evidence & citing: “Uplifting an axe and forgetting, in my wraith, the childish dread which had hitherto stayed my hand, I aimed, a blow at the animal which, of course, would have proved instantly fatal had it descended as I wished” is a highly complex sentence as far as the amount of clauses that it contains, because of that the amount of ideas that it expresses. For the clauses: “Uplifting an axe” is an example of non-finite clause. “Forgetting childish dread” is a subordinate clause which followed by another clause that modifies it “which had hitherto stayed my hand”. Commentary: Poe uses subordinate clauses to demonstrate more details. There are also prepositional phrases that are used to indicate the conflicting feelings in the narrator’s mind. Evidence & citing: For example, “with the tears streaming from my eyes” and “with the bitterest remorse at my heart”. Conclusion paragraph: In conclusion, Poe uses many techniques in The Black Cat to show the complex mind of the narrator and let the readers visualize and experience the atmosphere of terror and gothic.

References

1. Edgar Allan Poe. (2015, October 06). Retrieved January 7, 2019, from https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/edgar-allan-poe

Introduction

Should follow an “upside down” triangle format, meaning, the writer should start off broad and introduce the text and author or topic being discussed, and then get more specific to the thesis statement.

Background

Provides a foundational overview, outlining the historical context and introducing keyinformation that will be further explored in the essay, setting the stage for the argument to follow.

Thesis statement

Cornerstone of the essay, presenting the central argument that will be elaborated upon and supported with evidence and analysis throughout the rest of the paper.

Topic sentence

The topic sentence serves as the main point or focus of a paragraph in an essay, summarizing the key idea that will be discussed in that paragraph.

Evidence & citing

The body of each paragraph builds an argument in support of the topic sentence, citing information from sources as evidence.

Commentary

After each piece of evidence is provided, the author should explain HOW and WHY the evidence supports the claim.

Conclusion paragraph

Should follow a right side up triangle format, meaning, specifics should be mentioned first such as restating the thesis, and then get more broad aboutthe topic at hand. Lastly, leave the reader with something to think about and ponder once they are done reading.

Table of contents

1. Introduction
2. Conclusion
3. References

Introduction

According to World Health Organization (WHO), health means ‘‘A completion state on physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’ (WHO, 1948). Comprehensive health assessment can know how a person obtained the changes from different situation like new environment, stress level and internal body systems. There are six components that conducting in a comprehensive health assessment.

Starting with physical health, a simple assessment can know the acute or underlying problem of the body. Also, developmental assessment can know if the person achieves the developmental milestone or not. Next, nutritional assessment can know the nutritional state of the person which directly affect the health. Then, the cultural, psychosocial and spiritual assessment are inseparable and influenced each other. The cultural believes affects the spiritual and psychosocial behaviors, like the methods of stress coping.

A 75 years old man who call David had been stroke three months ago. An interview and physical examination had been done by a nurse and she would discuss the psychosocial and nutritional aspects that David had been affected as below.

After observation and simple conversion with David, the nurse knew David is a traditional Chinese man who care about his self-image. He was conscious but now he had right-side hemiplegia and slurred speech. He needed a quadripod when walking and the others were difficult to communicate with him.

Firstly, the psychosocial aspect. With references to ‘‘Psychosocial Assessment in Mental Health’’, both the internal and external factors would affect the psychosocial health which related to physical health. David’s physical health was not being very well now was one the internal factors might affect his psychosocial health. He needed helps for all his daily life even take care of himself. It leaded he thought he was a burden of his family. This was the reason to move into the nursing home residents.

His self-concept was another internal factor affected his psychosocial health. The mind-body-spirit were linked-up, he had a low self-esteem and low self-acceptance of his body, David might want to harm himself due to the negative thinking.

Besides, external factors were also affected David’s psychosocial health. He was moved to nursing home. The changing of environment would let him feel stressful, he needed to adapt to the new living place and the new neighbors. David said that he was not happy with the other nursing home residents. He might feel more stressful when adapting the new environment.

Now, he needed the walking aids for walking around. It was not very convenient for him to move around. This was the reason why he seldom joined the group activities with the other residents. He could not build up a close relationship with his residents so he could not get the emotional support or a close bonding. He became more pessimistic.

David moved out from home, he also loss the primitive social bonding and the emotional support with his family members. He did not have any emotional support or hope resources when he was in trouble or unhappy. The stress affected his appetite and lead to weight loss. Directly affected both psychosocial and physical health.

Although David moved into the nursing home might weaken the relationship between his family members and him, his family members visited David regularly. He told us his family members were keen on reading the Bible and singing hymns to him and it made him felt happy and relax at that time. David could get both the emotional and social support while visited by family members. His family members could build up a positive influence on psychosocial health.

Hospital Stress Rating Scales has used to assess David’s stress level. The nursing home’s setting was similar with the hospital setting. Also, the scales assessed in different aspect, like the emotional and social. According to Measuring Patient Stress With The Hospital: STRESS: RATING SCALE (Meissner, E., Judith,1980), ‘‘This assessment tool lets you focus on one patient’s specific stressors.’’ The scales could let the nurse knew David’s specific stressors and help him to overcome it.

Secondly, the nutritional assessment. According to the interview, David looked very weak, thin and tired. He had swallowing problem after attacked by stroke three months ago, he could only tolerate the puree diet now. He was not got used to have the puree diet since the food texture had changed a lot. From solid form to puree form that made him loss his appetite. He needed to use more time to finish meal than before. He needed to add the thickener up powder to the water too. Swallowing problem was directly affected the nutritional intake and absorption to the body. It contributed David’s weight losing in these two months. Also, he was not used to have the puree diet since the food texture had changed a lot. From solid form to puree form that made him loss his appetite. From the nutritional history provided by David, he told the nurse that he was followed the food pyramid to have his daily diet before he stroked. The nurse had also used skin fold thickness and the method of body mass index to measure David’s body condition. The result shew that David was too thin, he had the problem of nutritional imbalance. Besides, David is a traditional Chinese man, he did not get use to feeding by the health care worker in the nursing home.

David complained about abdominal distention and changed in bowel habit. The feeling of abdominal distention maybe related to constipation. He said he had changed the bowel habit. He had the bowel open on every three days with hard stools. Reducing in diet intake and fluid intake affected both the nutritional and fluid absorption. It was another reason why he got weight loss in these two months.

To know the reason why David complained the abdominal distention, changed in bowel habit and a lot of blood-strained with the hard stool, the nurse had performed abdominal assessment.

Firstly, the nurse inspected David’s abdominal contour. His abdominal looked flat, symmetry and no scar on the abdominal wall. Then, she used a stethoscope to auscultate the pitch and the sounds of bowel movement. She heard the high-pitched sound and the duration around 20 seconds of each bowel movement. Percussion was the next. She heard the tympanic sound after percussion done. Refer to the book ‘‘Interpreting Signs and Symptoms’’, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007), the result of auscultation and percussion were relevant to constipation. And last, the nurse first used the light palpation, drew a clock from the right upper quadrant to the left lower quadrant. David’s abdomen was soft, no tenderness, rigidity and guarding noted. No mass had been palpated. Then, she used the deep palpation. When the nurse palpated to the left lower quadrant, she felt a mass. Also, David scream and said pain. According to ‘‘Interpreting Signs and Symptoms’’, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007), David’s assessment result was highly recommended that David suffered from colon cancer. The assessment could explain that why David had the problem of loss weight, loss of appetite, changed in bowel habit and a lot of blood-strained mucus when poo.

Conclusion

To sum up, the six components of health are indispensable. All the components are work closely to maintain a health human being. If one of any components are not satisfy, it will affect human to achieve the developmental task of different stage. Let’s takes David as an example, he had stroke attacked before. To compare with three months ago, his daily life had changed a lot. He needed to take care by the others therefore he moved into the nursing home. He could not adapt the changes of him now. Also, he did not get enough support for him. It is why David could not overcome his problem on both psychosocial and nutritional aspects and lead to the physical illness to him now.

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The nurse is suggested to provide spiritual support to David for example reading the Bible and singing the hymns to him. It can help to give spiritual support to him which can help David to develop a healthier and positive concept on psychosocial aspect. It may help to develop a healthier physical health to David.

References

1. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Interpreting signs and symptoms. United States, America: Wolters Kluwer, 2007.
2. https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=PcARTQwHLpIC&dq=percussion+constipation&hl=zh-TW&source=gbs_navlinks_s
3. Meissner, E., Judith. Measuring Patient Stress With The Hospital: STRESS: RATING SCALE. Pennsylvania, Newtown: Bucks County Community College, 1980.
4. https://web-b-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.lib.ouhk.edu.hk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=30d78691-4d14-4466-8230-5a3bf152e855%40pdc-v-sessmgr02
5. Nicola Moone & Steve Trenoweth. Psychosocial assessment in mental health. Bournemouth, England: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2017.
6. https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=S2YCDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT57&dq=psychosocial+assessment+internal+and+external&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi2lIHarNTtAhWjL6YKHSpWD0IQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=psychosocial%20assessment%20internal%20and%20external&f=false
7. World Health Organization (WHO), WHO remains firmly committed to the principles set out in the preamble to the Constitution. 2020
8. https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/constitution

Table of contents

1. Introduction
2. Compromise Assessments definition
3. Topic Analysis

Introduction

Can an organization truly prevent a sophisticated cyber-attack or is it inevitable that a targeted organization will eventually fall victim to a threat agent. Many say it’s not a matter of if but when. This has often made the possibility of a proactive approach to Information Security a hot topic for debate amongst security professionals. With sophisticated cyber-attacks on the increase, a reactive approach to information security is no longer considered to be enough.

In addition to measures such as security controls measurement, baselining, secure system and device configuration, periodic security assessments be it phishing exercises, vulnerability assessments or penetration testing are regarded as one of the best means to defend an organization’s network. By conducting periodic assessments, an entity is able to proactively identify vulnerabilities within its environment and perhaps manually provide proof that these vulnerabilities could be easily exploited.

One such security assessment which is relatively unknown in comparison to the VAPT is the Compromise Assessment. The security atmosphere is usually littered with buzzwords and one must be careful as newly bandied terms often refer to well-known activities conducted in a different way.

So given that a VAPT exercise could reveal an entity’s susceptibility to compromise, what would make a compromise assessment different and does it provide any added value?

Compromise Assessments definition

A compromise assessment is an evaluation of the organization’s network and systems for artifacts of a compromise i.e. resident malware communication with a command & control server, proof of data exfiltration via insecure ports or perhaps through DNS, lateral movement across the network.

The Compromise Assessment provides proof of previously unidentified footprint of an attacker or of the existence of several indicators of compromise, whether successful or not, ongoing or dormant. This would usually involve some level of forensic capability as it is important to be able to detect post breach activity.

Using the scenario of man trying to protect valuables in his house, a vulnerability assessment is like an assessment which reveals weaknesses such as missing door locks, unlocked doors, weak burglary fences, inattentive security guards. The penetration test is physically verifying through force or social engineering that these weaknesses can be exploited i.e. sneaking past the inattentive security guards and going through unlocked doors into areas of the house.

The compromise assessment is combing through corners of the building for evidence of intrusion or attempted intrusion i.e. footprints not belonging to any house occupant, tools for further break-in left behind, CCTV footage of intruders jumping in and out without detection.

Topic Analysis

Going by the example above, it is easy to dismiss the value of assessing the state of compromise of an entity since compromise could have already occurred, however, it is important to note that many a times the attacker may be unable to further their attack and would exercise patience, staying in the network, until the right moment presents itself

As cyber attackers now operate with different agenda/motives – political, nation-state, financial - and organizations deploy advanced detection solutions, cyber criminals have adapted their attacks to become more evasive, stealthier and persistent.

According to a recent FireEye report, Firms in Europe, the Middle East and Africa take nearly six months to detect cyber-attacks on average. An average attacker dwell time of six months is alarming and shows that a Comprise Assessment at any time could potentially prevent an attacker from claiming the prize jewel.

How is a Compromise Assessment conducted? Approaches to a Compromise Assessment will usually vary by engagement firm and client environment, however, an assessment of this type would usually involve the deployment of advanced diagnostic listening tools with behavioral analysis and forensics capability for a period of time to look for Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) or Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). IOC’s could consist of malware hashes, filenames of files in wrong folders, malware execution pattern etc.

Utilizing the right approach and deploying best-in-class technologies is a critical part of conducting a thorough and effective compromise assessment, however, the analysis of the data captured during the listening phase is the most critical. Organizations should always place emphasis on engaging companies with the right human competencies for threat hunting and forensics capability in order to provide linkages between various IOCs.

HELP AG provides a number of services provided individually or merged as a unit to provide clients with end-to-end compromise assessments delivering value through highly competent resources who have won regional awards in their areas of expertise.

The first step to assessing how secure an infrastructure is, is to perform a vulnerability assessment / penetration test on it. Our security analysts are seasoned ethical hackers who will perform attacks on your infrastructure.

In contrast to our competitors, we don’t solely rely on tools but instead follow a stringent manual methodology that provides a 360-degree view of your security controls.

This requires the deployment of intelligence source in the infrastructure under investigation, such as sensors for network traffic monitoring of anomalous events and agents on endpoints for malware and digital forensic analysis

HELP AG analysts have proven experience in forensics analysis. Incident and response handling procedures, including determination of the incident source and digital forensics investigations are among the top services we offer to our customers.

Upon completion of the forensic analysis exercise, Help AG analysts will provide you with a thorough report of the findings, signatures of any malware extracted, an assessment of the potential damage that could have been sustained from the identified IOCs, and recommendations to avoid a potential breach.

Our trained experts have a wealth of experience in identifying and addressing the latest known threats within varied client premises. Our engineers will assist in providing the right remediation for compromise indicators found during the assessment.

Computer based instruction is an approach which sum up the computer software with classroom materials. It carry training and or educational objective to the users. Students finish their activities and view materials on a PC screen instead of accepting the data from composed material or a teacher introduction. There are three terms used for computer based instructions like computer based training, computer assisted learning and computer assisted instruction. In different ways CBI can be used in the class or alone as single tools. Numerous instructors utilize CBI for various purposes like drills, reenactments, instructional exercises and numerous guideline diversions.

Drills are utilized for the particular abilities in understudies. This product is as various recreations which cause the students to expand their insight by handy exercises. This is used to improve their language and counting skills. Programs are effective when feedback is provided and these programs are practical and can be applied in different levels of school like primary, secondary and higher secondary.

The real time situation, accidents and processes are represented by the simulation program. It is simple for the students so they can apply their own particular information in sensible way. It used to cover the teaching areas like science because it explains the process as a very small scale like the atomic interactions. The student can use it for solving different problems and it can also improve their thinking ability and skills. It can be applied in different levels of school like primary, secondary and higher secondary. They are commonly used in law training.

Tutorials are critical in schools and in addition in business. In business it is utilized for specialists preparing. The tutorials interact with the users by one on one basis so the instructor of the school can get extra time for the others important things and computer does the training. It is a calculated information and learning.

It gave the play rules and the true objective to the students. It can be applied in different levels of school like primary, secondary, higher secondary and also in special education. They motivate students through competitions and challenges through puzzle action. It provides motivation, competition, co-operation, creativity and respect for the rules.

It promotes the ability and skills to solve a problem in different situations.

The interactive media abilities of PC applications - including pictures, video, content, and sound - give a rich and engaging knowledge for understudies. An understudy who is a visual student, for example, can center on the video content in an exercise or movement, even delaying the video at times to process the substance completely. What's more, when student are requested to enter substance or test replies in instructional applications, the PC checks reactions, which makes assessment and evaluating simpler for teacher.

As a technique, it is very interactive

It can rouse students and give quick criticism.

It can store the execution of the student for some time later or additionally adjusting.

It can be balanced relying upon the level of the student.

It includes dynamic procedures and can utilize different types of introduction.

It requires less time than customary strategies.

Disadvantages of CBI

PC based guideline is frequently utilized as a part of classes where the high number of students makes individual consideration from the teacher almost impossible. PC based direction requires a significant starting investment even it can be lower costs by hiring new instructors. This could increment educational imbalance amongst rich and poor school locale.

Excessively streamlined applications won't be as viable, and may not make great utilization of the PC.

Their improvement is tedious and can be very costly.

Hardware and programming can likewise be expensive, and, in this manner, hard to obtain.

Not all subjects or fields can be helped or supported by CBI.

It may have constrained modalities, except if created by specialists and with the utilization of multimedia.

Design of computer based instruction modules

Here, the blueprint of the PC based instructional module is clarified. The makers at first demonstrate the learning objectives and after that present the instructional stream and the individual fragments in the instructional stream of the module.

The objective was to build up a PC based instructional module that presents electrical and computer engineer students with no particular earlier information in correspondence systems to the essential standards of media organizing. The objective was likewise to plan the module with the goal that it takes under 40 minutes to finish, and could be integrated into a normal 50-min class session. To accomplish these objectives, the creators chose to build up a module that initially presents the students to the structure of a normal video streaming system and teaches the two objectives.

1. The most extreme overabundance of video activity in the streaming server.
2. The most extreme delay of video activity in the streaming server.

More in particular, the intro to the video streaming framework presents to the students a model of a video streaming framework comprising of a camera, streaming server, and the Internet association with the video customer, where the camera produces video edges of variable size (in bits) in a fixed rate. In the considered model the camera is directly associated with the streaming server, which gets the produced video frames and streams them over the Internet association, which is displayed by a settled transfer speed pipe, to the video customer. With regards to this spilling framework show, two primary learning targets are figured.

Given the video outline sizes produced by a video camera and the gushing rate, the student decides the greatest accumulation of video movement in the streaming server.

Objective 2: Given the most extreme accumulation of video movement what's more, the streaming rate, the student decides the most extreme delay of video movement in the streaming server.