100% Secure Payment
© 2025 Copyright:
BoutEssays. All rights reserved
At the current time farmers are facing difficult trading conditions due to a number of factors including Low prices of dairy product, Increased input costs and Dry weather conditions. The challenge appears to be greatest for those farming businesses with high debt levels. This is further compounded where falling land values have decreased the equity of that farm business, and a reduction in the ability to service debt with cash flow from the lower milk price.
Get original essayIn fact, the provision of adequate and safe food is a basic economic activity in any society. This statement reminds us the safety of dairy goods is a potential problem that needed to be emphasized. As the cases occurs in China in before, 2008 Chinese milk scandal. It was a widespread food safety incident in China. The scandal involved milk and infant formula along with other food materials and components being adulterated with melamine. About 3 000 000 victim suffer with it and unfortunately, six babies died from kidney stones and other kidney damage and an estimated 54,000 babies were hospitalized. This incident have absolutely effect the confident of consumer toward the dairy product .
Besides, lack of skills and training is also one of the problems in dairy industry. In 1980s ,smallholders were completely new to loves husbandry management. One of the main constraints of developing the dairy sector was inadequate training provided to farmers. The shortage of trained manpower at all levels lead to poor hygiene and milking techniques, resulting in the rejection of milk by MCCs (Dijkman,1992).The situation will be more obvious in especially third world countries such as Africa.
Realistic solutions frequently involve accepting there are things we cannot control and changing the things we can. Though the weather is not controlled, but the input cost is actually controlled. To minimize the input costs, dairy industry will build creation and security through union, modernization, and specialization. Worldwide exchange will be an essential factor impacting benefit, and bigger dairy homesteads will keep on making more prominent utilization of robotization to diminish costs. Upgrades in genetic choice will prompt dairy cows lines that are more advantageous, deliver milk all the more proficiently, and are more condition and warmth safe.
Next to prevent the dairy product price goes to the lower price level, as the similar concept of the minimum wages laws will be shown. However, to make sure the health of economic situation, we also have to prevent deadweight loss occur. A deadweight loss known as excess burden or allocative inefficiency. Demand or supply surplus even demand and supply is not an expected phenomena.
Based on the past studies and observation on the field, we believe that training farmers on adopting a proper feed formulation regime should be priority as to establish a baseline indicator on the issues concerning feed. A training program allows to strengthen those skills that each farmer needs to improve. A development program brings all farmers to a higher level so they all have similar skills and knowledge as others countries.
Firstly, as we can know that milk is can’t last longer and cannot stored in fluid for longer period. The supply of milk is quite constant and increase slightly in the summer months. However, the demand is more difference then the supply will be inversely correlated. It has been argued that government involvement. Government involved can provide the subsidies to the farmer. It is because government can pay the part of the cost of production in good and services, so that the diary industry can be minimize the input cost during the process (Tarver, n.d.).
Beside that, for the supply side, government subsidies can help the industry to produce more goods and services to increase the quantity of demanded good or service (Tarver, n.d.). However, for the consumer side, government can go through the tax credit to help the potential buyers (Tarver, n.d.).
Moreover, Price floors can be affected differently in depending on the government policy (Berman, n.d.). Many government will do this also to prevent some of the company set the unfair low prices of the products (Berman, n.d.). Thus, the government should control the price floor of the dairy products due to the deadweight loss affected. Government can set a minimum and maximum price of the dairy products to make sure that the dairy company won’t set their price in unfairly to everyone. This is because the price range of the dairy products will easily effect the whole markets not only the dairy company’s sales.
Lastly, the training courses are extremely expensive from the existing adult budget (McDonals, 2016). So, the government can come out the free digital skills training to everyone such as farmer, students and etc (McDonals, 2016). As we know that digital economy is very famous nowadays. This also because of the low education and less experiences of the famers, so they can learn more knowledge through the free digital and learn more skills and knowledge. The basic training also can help the farmer to work smarter and gain more experience to their company.
One of the most fundamental challenges in the process of data integration is setting realistic expectations. The term data integration conjures a perfect coordination of diversified databases, software, equipment, and personnel into a smoothly functioning alliance, free of the persistent headaches that mark less comprehensive systems of information management. Think again.
Get original essayThe requirements analysis stage offers one of the best opportunities in the process to recognize and digest the full scope of complexity of the data integration task. Thorough attention to this analysis is possibly the most important ingredient in creating a system that will live to see adoption and maximum use. As the field of data integration progresses, however, other common impediments and compensatory solutions will be easily identified. Current integration practices have already highlighted a few familiar challenges as well as strategies to address them, as outlined below.
Heterogeneous Data Challenges
For most transportation agencies, data integration involves synchronizing huge quantities of variable, heterogeneous data resulting from internal legacy systems that vary in data format. Legacy systems may have been created around flat file, network, or hierarchical databases, unlike newer generations of databases which use relational data. Data in different formats from external sources continue to be added to the legacy databases to improve the value of the information. Each generation, product, and home-grown system has unique demands to fulfill in order to store or extract data. So data integration can involve various strategies for coping with heterogeneity. In some cases, the effort becomes a major exercise in data homogenization, which may not enhance the quality of the data offered.
Strategies
A detailed analysis of the characteristics and uses of data is necessary to mitigate issues with heterogeneous data. First, a model is chosen-either a federated or data warehouse environment- that serves the requirements of the business applications and other uses of the data. Then the database developer will need to ensure that various applications can use this format or, alternatively, that standard operating procedures are adopted to convert the data to another format.
Bringing disparate data together in a database system or migrating and fusing highly incompatible databases is painstaking work that can sometimes feel like an overwhelming challenge. Thankfully, software technology has advanced to minimize obstacles through a series of data access routines that allow structured query languages to access nearly all DBM and data file systems-relational or non-relational.
Bad DataChallenges
Data quality is a top concern in any data integration strategy. Legacy data must be cleaned up prior to conversion and integration, or an agency will almost certainly face serious data problems later. Legacy data impurities have a compounding effect; by nature, they tend to concentrate around high volume data users.
If this information is corrupt, so, too, will be the decisions made from it. It is not unusual for undiscovered data quality problems to emerge in the process of cleaning information for use by the integrated system. The issue of bad data leads to procedures for regularly auditing the quality of information used. But who holds the ultimate responsibility for this job is not always clear.
Strategies: The issue of data quality exists throughout the life of any data integration system. So it is best to establish both practices and responsibilities right from the start, and make provisions for each to continue in perpetuity.The best processes result when developers and users work together to determine the quality controls that will be put in place in both the development phase and the ongoing use of the system.Lack of Storage CapacityChallengesThe unanticipated need for additional performance and capacity is one of the most common challenges to data integration, particularly in data warehousing. Two storage-related requirements generally come into play: extensibility and scalability. Anticipating the extent of growth in an environment in which the need for storage can increase exponentially once a system is initiated drives fears that the storage cost will exceed the benefit of data integration. Introducing such massive quantities of data can push the limits of hardware and software. This may force developers to instigate costly fixes if an architecture for processing much larger amounts of data must be retrofitted into the planned system.
Strategies
Alternative storage is becoming routine for data warehouses that are likely to grow in size. Planning for such options helps keep expanding databases affordable. The cost per gigabyte of storage on disk drives continues to decline as technology improves. From 2000 to 2004, for instance, the cost of data storage declined ten-fold. High-performance storage disks are expected to follow the downward pricing spiral.
Unanticipated Costs
ChallengesData integration costs are fueled largely by items that are difficult for the uninitiated to quantify, and thus predict. These might include: Labor costs for initial planning, evaluation, programming and additional data acquisition Software and hardware purchases Unanticipated technology changes/advances Both labor and the direct costs of data storage and maintenanceIt is important to note that, regardless of efforts to streamline maintenance, the realities of a fully functioning data integration system may demand a great deal more maintenance than could be anticipated.
Unrealistic estimating can be driven by an overly optimistic budget, particularly in these times of budget shortfall and doing more with less. More users, more analysis needs and more complex requirements may drive performance and capacity problems. Limited resources may cause project timelines to be extended, without commensurate funding. Unanticipated issues, or new issues, may call for expensive consulting help. And the dynamic atmosphere of today's transportation agency must be taken into account, in which lack of staff, changes in business processes, problems with hardware and software, and shifting leadership can drive additional expense.
The investment in time and labor required to extract, clean, load, and maintain data can creep if the quality of the data presented is weak. It is not unusual for this to produce unanticipated labor costs that are rather alarmingly out of proportion to the total project budget.
Strategies
The approach to estimating project costs must be both far-sighted and realistic. This requires an investment in experienced analysts, as well as cooperation, where possible, among sister agencies on lessons learned. Special effort should be made to identify items that may seem unlikely but could dramatically impact total project cost. Extraordinary care in planning, investing in expertise, obtaining stakeholder buy-in and participation, and managing the process will each help ensure that cost overruns are minimized and, when encountered, can be most effectively resolved. Data integration is a fluid process in which such overruns may occur at each step along the way, so trained personnel with vigilant oversight are likely to return dividends instead of adding to cost.
A viable data integration approach must recognize that the better data integration works for users, the more fundamental it will become to business processes. This level of use must be supported by consistent maintenance. It might be tempting to think that a well designed system will, by nature, function without much upkeep or tweaking. In fact, the best systems and processes tend to thrive on the routine care and support of well-trained personnel, a fact that wise managers generously anticipate in the data integration plan and budget.
Lack of Cooperation from Staff
ChallengesUser groups within an agency may have developed databases on their own, sometimes independently from information systems staff, that are highly responsive to the users' particular needs. It is natural that owners of these functioning standalone units might be skeptical that the new system would support their needs as effectively. Other proprietary interests may come into play. For example, division staff may not want the data they collect and track to be at all times transparently visible to headquarters staff without the opportunity to address the nuances of what the data appear to show. Owners or users may fear that higher ups without appreciation of the peculiarities of a given method of operation will gain more control over how data is collected and accessed organization-wide.
In some agencies, the level of personnel, consultants, and financial support emanating from the highest echelons of management may be insufficient to dispel these fears and gain cooperation. Top management must be fully invested in the project. Otherwise, the likelihood is smaller that the strategic data integration plan and the resources associated with it will be approved. The additional support required to engage and convey to everyone in the agency the need for and benefits of data integration is unlikely to flow from leaders who lack awareness of or commitment to the benefits of data integration.
Strategies
Any large-scale data integration project, regardless of model, demands that executive management be fully on board. Without it, the initiative is, quite simply, likely to fail. Informing and involving the diversity of players during the crucial requirements analysis stage, and then in each subsequent phase and step, is probably the single most effective way to gain buy-in, trust, and cooperation. Collecting and addressing each user's concerns may be a daunting proposition, particularly for knowledgeable information professionals who prefer to "cut to the chase." However, without a personal stake in the process and a sense of ownership of the final product, the long-term health of this major investment is likely to be compromised by users who feel that change has been enforced upon them rather than designed to advance their interests.
Incremental education, another benefit of stakeholder involvement, is easier to impart than after-the-fact training, particularly since it addresses both the capabilities and limitations of the system, helping to calibrate appropriate expectations along the way. Since so much of the project's success is dependent upon understanding and conveying both human and technical issues, skilled communicators are a logical component of any data integration team. Whether staff or consultants, professional communications personnel are most effective as core participants, rather than occasional or outside contributors. They are trained to recognize and ameliorate gaps in understanding and motivation. Their skills also help maximize the conditions for cooperation and enthusiastic adoption. In many transportation agencies, public information personnel actually focus a significant amount of their time and budget on internal audiences rather than external customers. This makes them well attuned to the operational realities of a variety of internal stakeholders. Peer Perspectives...At least three conditions were required for the success of Virginia DOT's development effort: Upper management had to support the business objectives of the project and the creation of a new system to meet the objectives
Project managers had to receive the budget, staff, and IT resources necessary to initiate and complete the process All stakeholders and eventual system users from the agency's districts and headquarters had to cooperate with the project team throughout the process(22)Lack of Data Management ExpertiseChallenges As more transportation agencies nationwide undertake the integration of data, the availability of experienced personnel increases. However, since data integration is a multi-year, highly complex proposition, even these leaders may not have the kind of expertise that evolves over a full project life-cycle. Common problems develop at different stages of the process and these can better be anticipated and addressed when key personnel have managed the typical variables of each project phase. Also, the process of transferring historical data from its independent source to the integrated system may benefit from the knowledge of the manager who originally captured and stored the information. High turnover in such positions, along with early retirements and other personnel shifts driven by an historically tight budget environment, may complicate the mining and preparation of this data for convergence with the new system.
Strategies
A seasoned and highly knowledgeable data integration project leader and a data manager with state of the practice experience are the minimum required to design a viable approach to integration. Choosing this expertise very carefully can help ensure that the resulting architecture is sufficiently modular, can be maintained, and is robust enough to support a wide range of owner and user needs while remaining flexible enough to accommodate changing transportation decision-support requirements over a period of years.
Perception of Data Integration as an Overwhelming EffortChallenges When transportation agencies consider data integration, one pervasive notion is that the analysis of existing information needs and infrastructure, much less the organization of data into viable channels for integration, requires a monumental initial commitment of resources and staff. Resource-scarce agencies identify this perceived major upfront overhaul as "unachievable" and "disruptive." In addition, uncertainties about funding priorities and potential shortfalls can exacerbate efforts to move forward.
Strategies
Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.
Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.
Get custom essayMethodical planning is essential in data integration. Setting incremental (or phased) goals helps ensure that each phase can be understood, achieved, and funded adequately. This approach also allows the integration process to be flexible and agile, minimizing risks associated with funding and other resource uncertainties and priority shifts. In addition, the smaller, more accurate goals will help sustain the integration effort and make it less disruptive to those using and providing data
Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream is a play that reveals its scaffolding. Behavior and motive are explained for comic consistency and unity, almost as if the playwright did not trust our capacity to intuit them. This is seen most starkly in Act V, Scene I, the "play within a play," in which the rude mechanicals stage a play for the benefit of Theseus and the company of lovers. The exposed cues are dropped by the mechanicals for comic effect, as in Pyramus's verbal repetition of his visual act on stage: "I see a voice: now will I to the chink / To spy an I can hear my Thisby's face" (5.1.192-93). It does not take long for the audience to begin to conform to the charade. After Wall announces his departure, Theseus picks up the cue, anticipating Moonshine's entrance and speaking in his stead: "Now is the moon used between the two neighbors" (5.1.207-8). Shakespeare's insistence on exposing the structure of the internal play suggests the untrustworthiness of the play's audience, that is, the aristocrats of Theseus's court and citystate; their struggle to comprehend motive and behavior invests A Midsummer Night's Dream with a pervasive feeling of unnaturalness that goes beyond the play's dreamscape of enchantment.
Get original essayLike A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Merchant of Venice exploits the mechanism of the stage and staged dramatizations to criticize the play's characters. The parallel trial scenes can each be viewed as a "play within a play." As performances staged to bring about a specific action, the first two trials (the trial of the caskets and the trial of Shylock) work to eliminate outsiders (Portia's unwanted suitors and the villain Shylock) from the comic realm in order that the play's ends can be attained. However, the third trial of the play, the trial of the rings, more robustly resists and challenges our deconstruction. It occurs among insiders, and after the main dramatic action is completed. As the final act and scene of the play, the trial of the rings is a performance staged by Portia that works to complicate the conclusion of The Merchant of Venice.
Act V opens with an exchange of dialogue between Jessica and Lorenzo. It is standard banter between lovers trading examples of archetypal lovers in archetypal nights, moving from general and distant (Troilus and Cressida, Aeneas and Dido) to specific and personal (Lorenzo and Jessica). We are reminded of the exchange between Thisbe and Pyramus in A Midsummer Night's Dream, in which the lovers compare themselves favorably against their mythic counterparts. But as this progression occurs in The Merchant of Venice, something strange happens; Jessica and Lorenzo begin to compete with each other. After their string of "In such a nights," Jessica tells Lorenzo, "I would outnight you, did nobody come; / But hark, I hear the footing of a man" (5.1.23-4). More significantly, Jessica and Lorenzo begin to hint at the other's unfaithfulness. To counter Jessica "In such a night / Did Lorenzo swear he loved her well, / Stealing her soul with many vows of faith / And ne'er a true one," Lorenzo responds, "In such a night / Did pretty Jessica, like a little shrow, / Slander her love" (5.1.17-22). Even as witty repartee, why do the lovers insist on portraying their love as not idealized but founded on deceit? While the details of their elopement are a bit sordid, are we not at least to trust that their love is true?
The dialogue between Jessica and Lorenzo holds to the pattern of speech and communication we have observed throughout the play. From the beginning, speech has performed a largely negative performative task. That is, it serves to reveal by what is not said. To illustrate, let us look at the play's first line, Antonio's melancholic 'In sooth I know not why I am so sad," and what immediately follows from it (1.1.1). Antonio's utterance is met by a company of wits that attempts to articulate an answer. Why is Antonio sad? Salerio takes a stab at it, suggesting that Antonio "mind is tossing on the ocean," where his fortunes are uncertain; thus Antonio "is sad to think upon his merchandise" (1.1.8, 40). When Antonio denies this, Solanio then suggests, "Why then you are in love" (1.1.46). This in turn rejected, Solanio, Salerio, and later Gratiano begin to mock him, arguing in effect that he is sad because he is "not merry," or because he willfully elects this role to gain a reputation of "wisdom, gravity, profound conceit" (1.1. 48, 92). But even early on in the play we know this is not the answer, and that there is no real one, as Antonio's opening line is not a question, designed to elicit an answer, but a statement and a one-line character sketch.
Antonio does not trust in speech's ability to articulate the unknown, and we can argue that Jessica and Lorenzo do not either; they celebrate their love by expressing what it is not, suggesting that what it is?" like Antonio's melancholy?" is something more elevated. Like the music of the spheres, the harmony cannot be heard by those closed into bodily forms, the "muddy vesture of decay"(5.5.64). The exchanges between Antonio and the Venetians and Jessica and Lorenzo are also similar because both conform to a pattern of interrupted speech. In the earlier scene, before any real conclusions can be reached, Bassanio arrives with the request for Antonio's help that sets in motion the play's plot. We are left knowing only what does not make Antonio unhappy. This pattern of interruption also informs the dialogue between Jessica and Lorenzo, as marked by the messenger who comes bearing news of Portia's return to Belmont.
Throughout The Merchant of Venice, the speech act is seen as unfulfilling, a way to play verbally without arriving at answers or understandings. Shylock characterizes this well during his stumbling trial scene in Act IV; he can give no reasons for his passions, and tells the court, quite astutely, "I am not bound to please you with my answers" (4.1.64). The use of the word "bound" in this line is significant because it exposes the failure of the contract founded on words to constrain motive and behavior. There will always be something that will evade the domain of the contract, and here, that is a satisfactory, sympathetic relationship between human beings. Portia's trial of the rings in Act V of The Merchant of Venice performs the task of challenging the idea of the verbal contract. Unlike the earlier two trials of the play, both founded on verbal contracts and tackled through speech, this is a trial that cannot be settled through verbal skill.
The first trial of the play, the trial of the caskets, consists of the suitor's choice when confronted by the several caskets of Portia's inheritance. The use of this trial to determine Portia's husband has been ordained as a contract between Portia and her father, so that now "the will of a living daughter" is "curbed by the will of a dead father" (1.2.24-5). This trial is an entirely verbal one of epigrams and scrolls and song; it is founded upon a riddle to which only the privileged are able to answer. Looking at the exchange between Portia and Bassanio directly leading up to Bassanio's choice, we see the language of speech and its inadequacies constantly pushing to the forefront: "I speak too long, but 'tis to peize the time"(3.2.22); "Confess / What treason there is mingled with your love"(26-27); "None but that ugly treason of mistrust, /Which makes me fear that? enjoying of my love"(28-29); and "Ay, but I fear you speak upon the rack, / Where men enforcd do speak anything" (32-33). This exchange between Portia and Bassanio, playfully withholding trust as to one's lover's motives, anticipates the exchange between Jessica and Lorenzo in Act V of the play. Bassanio selects correctly, but a correct choice says nothing about motive and nothing about love. The trial ends unsatisfactorily through verbal trickery and a fundamental asymmetry of knowledge, and before the love between Portia and Bassanio can be proved or consummated, Bassanio is called away to Venice.
Like the trial of the caskets, Shylock's trial in Act IV is concluded through words and the loopholes that can be found within them. The motives that separate Shylock from the Venetians cannot be reconciled through the language of appeal or argument, traditional idioms of the court, and so the trial comes down to Portia's clever literalization of Shylock's bond. She prepares for her climatic victory through a series of parallel statements that show off the ornamental and rhetorical power of language: "pound of that same merchant's flesh is thine. / The court awards it, and the law doth give it," followed by "The law allows it, and the court awards it"(4.1.298-9, 302). But just as Shylock's heart lifts with praise for Portia's abstract observance of justice put into such fine rhetorical form, she changes direction:
Tarry a little; there is something else.
This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood;
The words expressly are "a pound of flesh" (4.1.304-6).
Portia makes literal the conditions set by Shylock's bond as it invalidates his desires, displaying the insidious flexibility of language to fit any form. As Bassanio has aptly said in the trial of the caskets, there is no "damnd error" that someone will not be able to "approve ... with a text"(3.2.78-9). Like the casket trial, Shylock's trial ends on an unsatisfying note, exploiting asymmetries of knowledge to find a solution without arriving at true understanding of another human being's motives.
Portia plots the trial of the rings as a counterpart to these trials, revealing their insufficiencies brought on through over-dependence on verbal argument. As the third trial of The Merchant of Venice, it would seem to serve no purpose besides the comic ones that allow Shakespeare to insert his cross-dressing and cuckold jokes through the test of a lover's faithfulness to his bond. But the way this trial is resolved is significant for the play's message. As Portia welcomes her husband Bassanio and his friend Antonio to Belmont after their journey from Venice, we hear, offside, Gratiano and Nerissa arguing over Gratiano's missing ring, which symbolizes a claim by Nerissa and an oath by Gratiano. The absence of Bassanio's ring, and the respective betrayal of his oath to Portia, only surfaces through this interruption to the rites of hospitality, as plotted by the two women. Bassanio and Portia then exchange paired defenses of their positions, in which the word "ring" is the prominently repeated end word: Bassanio tells Portia, "If you did know to whom I gave the ring, / If you did know for whom I gave the ring, / And would conceive for what I gave the ring" to which Portia responds, "If you had known the virtue of the ring, / Or half her worthiness that gave the ring," and so forth (5.1.193-208).
Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.
Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.
Get custom essayThis recalls the type of verbal exchange that dominates the other two trials of the play and the play's modes of communication as a whole: clever patterning that finds incomplete resolution, revealing through negatives. But Portia breaks this pattern by cutting off Bassanio's oath as he attempts to swear a second time never to break an oath to her; she presents him with the ring instead, interrupting him, "In both my eyes he doubly sees himself, / In each eye one. Swear by your double self, / And there's an oath of credit" (5.1.244-46). The failure of language as a mode of communication in The Merchant of Venice has, I think, something to do with this motif of doubling. While Portia is alluding to and criticizing Bassanio "double self" as a type of Janus-character, she is also alluding to the duality of the marriage bond that makes, as it makes two people one, also one person into two. It is only through a person's ability to become "double" to see through 'another's eyes" that true motives can be understood and true "bonds" can be formed that have not been ordered and structured by language. The ring trial, as a test of Bassanio's faithfulness, is staged by Portia against the other trials of the play; Bassanio's failure in light of it exposes the failure of language as a regulator of human relationships and at the same time paves the way for a new type of society between the Venetians.
Youth is considered as the soul of any nation, as it will define the position of a nation in the near future. The economic progress, the educational growth, and security perfection is depended on the percentage of youth present in the country. But if this precious manpower of the youth is marching towards destructive motives then the nation has to be sure to pay the price in the days to come.
Get original essayViolent behaviour of the youth is what we can see today in many places. It can have several triggers, like parental conflicts, broken families, child abuses, poor parental supervision and offending peers, coupled with the carefree attitude of youth in schools and colleges, are often the precursors for youth involvement in crime. Some youth see it as a solution to day-to-day problems. Influenced by these violent images, many young people feel they can get away with anything. The notion that crime is low risk and high gain is the motto of the youth today.
It is pertinent to analyse what the authorities have done; and what we can do to curb youth violence and crimes to make our country a better place to live in.
Morality is the chain which binds people to each other. We are responsible for each other. What each does, affects the other. Violence is bound up with morality. The ‘generation-next’ is growing up faster physically. Girls and boys now attain puberty at a younger age than previous generations. But emotional development has not kept pace with physical maturity. The hormonal disturbance often makes young people turn violent. Since violence is primarily a destructive force, the relationship it produces is one primarily of fear, anger and resentment. Violence is a symptom as much as an external act.
Violence has a number of connotations, but it would be unjust to say that violence is universally condemned. On the other hand, history stands witness for violence as a by-product of a society in transition, where value definitions are changing and where, our expectations are in flux. Violence has often at times accompanied constructive changes in culture and tradition. It is at this point that religious traditions play an important role. The Bible contains narratives of slaughtered children, raped women, annihilated tribes, and exploited individuals. Bible from the book of Genesis to the book of Revelation provides us with a story of faith, couched in the imagery of murder, revenge, blood lust, war, rape and torture. In such a background, how can one understand the word of God from the historical setting of the people? How does the Bible understand violence?
In the First Testament the term used with regard to violence is ‘Hamas’. The verb ‘Hamas’ refers to “to do violence”. It often means not destructive force, but social injustice or oppression, involving physical violence. Violence has a very important spectrum of ethical and moral life of people, such as oppression by the rich, adultery, rape, racism, capitalism exploitation, injustice, etc.
Biblical term for violence in the New Testament is ‘Bia’, which means a violent force that is in a potential threat to human life. While the First Testament justified revenge against crime, Jesus always advocated pardon and forgiveness; love and kindness. Non-violence epitomized on the cross was his panacea for violence.
Children’s lives are saturated with violence: in their homes, in their neighborhoods and schools, on television, in movies and in video games and in the music they listen to. Children are not safe anymore as they are exposed to so many media sources which force them do things which are not morally right. In some sense violence does cause violence, but it is much more complex.
There are plenty ways aggression is being taught to children and there are many teachers too. The children get this aggression through different means like peer groups, siblings, and mass media. You can have one child grow up in a very violent home and not be a violent adult. Another child brought up in a violent home will grow up to perpetuate the pattern of violence. A lots of factors influence behaviour that the child grows into, including home environment, community environment, conventional norms, individual temperament and personality.
Domestic violence is the most difficult form of violence to quantify. Aggression and violence are learned behaviours. Youngsters who are exposed to this kind of behaviour begin to feel that it is an appropriate way to solve problems, to get things they do not have, and to vent their frustration. Rapes have become a very common crime in India today. The youth has to avoid late night partying which could be the main cause of rapes and abuses. Cases have been noticed which bring to light that youth under the influence of alcohol and drugs commit such heinous crime.
The number of rape cases in India has increased in recent years. Rape is a sexual act that is attempted or completed by force against another persons’ will. This increase is a cause for ethical/Christian concern. Rape as an act of violence has several consequences for the victim, her family, friends and the community as a whole. This heinous act which the offender enjoys can destroy the life of the victim.
A factor that can be ascribed for the cause of rape in India would be perversion. When a man in his childhood is deprived of his security, affection and suitable identification, they may lead to perversion in him. These men feel powerless and dishonored throughout their lives and feel that they can have sexual satisfaction only by force and violence. Research reveals that, young men are more interested in partner variety, and less interested in committed long term relationship. The causes of rape in India can be better understood through the psychological, socio-cultural and social learning of life or life history of individuals. The socio-cultural milieu affects the behavior of men and women from the beginning in the making of their personality. Therefore the youth needs to be channelized towards productive activities in schools, colleges and universities, and not to let them use their precious time for criminal experimentation.
Rape is any sexual act that is attempted or completed by force, threat of force or coercion against another person’s will. There are many kinds of rapes which give pleasure to the offender. The more prominent and recently taking place is anger rape, sadistic rape, gang rape, rape of the elderly and child rape. India has been facing the problem of child rapes recently which is a great issue to make correct.
In some cases of sexual assault, it is very apparent that sexuality becomes a means of expressing and discharging feelings of pent up anger and rage. The assault is characterized by physical brutality. The offender violently attacks the victim against her will and rapes her. His intent then is to hurt and degrade his victim. His weapon is sex, and his motive is revenge.
In sadistic rape, both sexuality and aggression become fused into a single psychological experience known as sadism. There is a single transformation of anger and power so that aggression itself becomes eroticized. The assault is deliberate, calculated and pre-planned. The victim is stalked, abducted, abused and sometimes murdered.
If three or more assailants are involved in the act of rape then it can be termed as gang rape. Through participation in gang rape, the follower seeks to find or confirm his masculinity, achieve recognition, and retain his acceptance with his co-offenders. Gang rape also seems to be a sexual offence directed more against adults than against children.
In the case of raping an elderly, the victim is often regarded as responsible for stimulating her assailant and arousing his impulse. The victim is frequently stereotyped as a young and attractive woman who dresses and behaves in a sexually provocative fashion. Here rape is far more an issue of hostility than of sexual desire.
Children become easy targets for the assailants who roam on the road sides and look for prospective lonely children. In the case of children, it is more serious violation because they do not know how to defend and protect themselves. Children of rape face various psychological effects that have specific symptoms that are obvious and relatively easy to identify. Feeling of loneliness and lack of confidence are common characteristics that victims display.
In India, chastity is an important factor and virginity is a prerequisite for a girl to get married. In case of a married woman, rape will bring adverse effect on the whole marital relationship. She may lose the love and care of her husband and her restoration in the family is jeopardized. A married woman who is raped is divorced or rendered homeless by the husband, as she has lost her honour and dignity in the family. An Unmarried girl who is known to been raped, in most instances, finds it difficult to marry as she is considered to have lost her virginity and honour.
The rape survivor has to undergo social stigmatization, mental trauma of potential pregnancy, lost virginity, possible injury that may render her unable to bear children and the prospect of sexually transmitted disease such as AIDS. After rape the woman is maltreated and dishonored by the crucial and humiliating cross examination of the family, relatives, neighbours, police and so on. Some victims experience a general distrust and fear of men.
Teens need time and energy from adults. The Church must be the voice crying in the law-and-order wilderness. The Church has to take up this call and act more thoroughly. We can be voice for young people. The future is bleak for those youngsters who do engage in serious crime. The authorities are getting tough on youngsters which will keep individuals under the supervision of the government from cradle to the grave. Kids are going to make mistakes, but we must never desert them. If we take up the call for the young people, we could make a great difference.
To save these children from being violent, these youngsters need to be kept in contact, who have dropped out of school, who are gang members, and who more than flirt with law-breaking (violence, drug dealing) as a way of life, so that they do not become full time violent workers. If their energy and enthusiasm is channelized in the proper way, these so called violent workers can work miracles for the societal benefit.
We as seminarians can experiment with dozens of different ways to steer children from violent behaviour by counseling the parents of such youngsters in the schools. They could be given instructions to give their quality time for their children so that they do not find pleasure in doing things which get them into unnecessary trouble. We have to give our nation some hope that these efforts are going to make a difference in the lives of our youngsters.
What is the right age to offer help? Intervene too early and some children may feel stigmatized; and to intervene too late, the child may shun attention. School-based programs have to be implemented in the school curriculum for the more troubled youngsters, to guide them properly. The family support is also equally required to solve these conflicts.
The Church has supported the initiative of local anti-violence plans to curb youngster from going astray. The urban communities are facing a spiritual crisis that is being studied by the church. The minsters of the church have to be prudent enough to handle cases of youth violence, especially rapes, to guide the victim, to promise her, that it is not the end of her life. God still loves her and she can live her life trusting in the providence of God who is all powerful and loving.
To be more practical the church is undertaking new forms of organization to meet new needs and challenges. Many educational institutes have been targeted by the church authorities to spread awareness to safeguard women. The stringent laws too are made clear to the offenders of the crime, so that each person takes the responsibility of his offence and face the consequences that follow. No partial punishment is acceptable for harming innocent women but strict, life torturing punishments awaits the offenders. Thus church plays a silent, but effective role to curb youth violence.
The church authorities are involved in a network established for street ministry. These people walk into the streets of pain, they go into the drug houses, and they are in the schools, the hospitals and the funeral homes too. They are preaching and teaching the youngsters, but most of all they are spreading God’s love and assurance. The Roman Catholic Church has taken this initiative and is seeking support from the other churches too. The members of this ministry deal with the tremendous personal and family problems and responsibilities. They guide them in trusting God’s love to give them the strength to stay on the path of transformation. These young people are just discovering the power of God in their lives.
It should never be forgotten that, the church is a primary reference point in the life of many people. Whenever the rape victim faces any personal problem their first refuge is the church priest. For them, the minister of the church is a trusted and known resource; they assume that he will know what to do in this situation. Still others may seek the minister because this crisis of sexual victimization is also a crisis of faith. Many victims fear to tell anyone about their abuse for they fear disbelief, and lack of support. The perception that the minister lacks knowledge, sensitivity, and experience in dealing sexual assault also keeps the victims of rapes from approaching him. The ministers have to have the proper solution for the victim which will lessen her burden of thoughts.
The cause for the present youngsters to become violent is the loneliness that they go through in life. If every youth is accompanied by someone, like parents, friends, relatives in every stages of their lives they will not be violent. If we become their friends, then they will not make the media source their companions, which are morally bad in few contexts. If proper moral values and the importance of the other are made known to children, they will respect one another. Youth have to be saved from getting into the addiction of drugs and alcohol to avoid violence. Conducting youth seminars and programmes would be of great help to protect them and assure them a bright future without offence and violence.
We have to reach out to our youngsters before they become criminals. We need to spend time with the youngsters and re-establish the creditability of our institutions. We have to give our nation some hope that these efforts are going to make a difference in the lives of our youngsters.
Jesus teaches Christians to respond to the needs and hurts of their neighbors. However, it is not easy to know how to respond to a neighbor who is a victim of rape. Yet there is a need for each individual in the community of faith to adopt the role of the Good Samaritan.
Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.
Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.
Get custom essayCan we help these young people? It is not easy, but we have to give it a try at the grass root level. We have to bring in more church partners, mobilize more local congregations to be involved. We should look for more moments where we can stand with the oppressed as a witness to God’s love. This is what our faith and our belief in Jesus Christ our savior should be about: being doers of the word, not just sayers.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, students who graduate from college are more likely to find success in life than those who dropout of high school. Sandra Cisneros communicates the importance of education in a coming of age novel, House on Mango Street. Cisneros emphasizes how education is the key to one’s chance of living a better life through the characters of Mama, Alicia and Esperanza, characters whose fates differ and whose responses clearly link the idea of education to the idea of personal and social improvement.
Get original essayEsperanza’s mother, whom she calls Mama, acts as a foreshadowing of what happens to someone who does not pursue education and lives a life full of regrets. One day after school Mama mentions how she could have been more than just a housewife and advises,“Esperanza, you go to school. Study hard… Got to take care all your own”(90). She is emphasizing that it's very important to pursue your education so you can live freely and care for others. Mama regrets not continuing school because she is now stuck at home only taking care of her family instead of having the ideal life that education could give her. Esperanza’s mother reflects on her decision to get married young and give up her education when she regretfully says,“I could have been somebody, you know?”(90). Mama talks about how she could have been anything she wanted. She had talents that could had given her opportunities to freedom. At that time she thought it was best to conform to the beliefs of society. She found regret later in life due to that decision. Mama lives in regret each day of her life, wishing that she would have chosen to continue her education and take advantage of the opportunities that an education would give her. Mama exemplifies what life is like for one who chooses to not continue her education when it could have changed her life for the better.
Alicia’s mother dies in the novel and in her society when a mom dies the daughter is to become the housewife. Alicia decides instead to attend a University to make a better life for herself. Esperanza admires her friendly neighbor Alicia who “inherited her mama’s rolling pin and sleepiness, is young and smart and studies for the 1st time at a university”(30). Alicia was meant to inherit her dead mother’s role in the house but she decided to get a better education instead. Alicia is not following society’s expectation for her. By attending college she will escape the dead end life that many residents on Mango Street are used to. Esperanza sits on the curb looking at Alicia’s house while thinking about the determination Alicia has in order to fulfill her dream, “Boarding two trains and a bus because she doesn’t want to spend her whole life in a factory or behind a rolling pin”(31). People on Mango Street usually just make tortillas for the family, but Alicia goes to college to defy that expectation. Due to her choice of going to college she will become an independent woman that many women don’t have the chance to achieve. In contrast to Mama, Alicia chooses to strive for a better life with continuing her education.
Esperanza has many different role models in her life that make her want to pursue education. As the novel comes to an end, Esperanza expresses about how she will leave Mango Street to pursue her education and achieve her own freedom. She resolves that “One day I will pack my bags of books and paper. One day I will say goodbye to Mango. I am too strong for her to keep me here forever. One day I will go away”(110). Esperanza conveys about what she plans on doing in the future as she strives to continue her education and make a better life for herself. Mango Street holds Esperanza and all the other women from going to college and living a successful life, but Esperanza chooses a different path by attending college.. Esperanza dreams of a future where she can be proud of her life as she conveys,“I want to be like the waves on the sea, like the clouds in the wind, but I’m me. One day I’ll jump out my skin. I’ll shake the sky like a hundred like a hundred violins”(60). Esperanza declares the freedom and pride she will have by going to college to become her own person. In her life, Esperanza chooses to use education to break the chains Mango Street holds over her so that she may one day live a life better than the life she is living now. Esperanza is heavily influenced by those who live on Mango street, whether they are continuing their education to escape the life on Mango street or those who are stuck on Mango street regretting the life that they could have had in advancing their education.
One’s path to live a better life than they might now have can only start with education. Cisneros portrays the theme through Esperanza and Alicia who lived that life in House on Mango Street. On the contrary, Mama lives the life of regret and remorse of her decision to quit school. Everyone has a chance to live a better life than the one they have now through education. By choosing to forgo education, they live in dissatisfaction their whole life. Many people in the world today want some sort of success in their life and everyone has to chance to achieve that desired success. It just depends on whether they choose to take the route that might seem too hard or choose to not take the chance and live in remorse. People will always regret not continuing their education because education is an opportunity to success that is available to each citizen in the United States. Life may have its hardships but pursuing one’s education is ultimately the way to one’s success in life.
Every workplace setting has a different culture in which people of that environment may have unconsciously developed a norm. There are many unresolved problems in workplace settings such as the healthcare system that need to be addressed. Action should be taken in order to prevent and facilitate an improved workplace environment. Having leadership and being able to create change can help to improve the work environment of everyone involved. Firstly, bullying is an ongoing issue occurring in and influencing many healthcare work environments. Secondly, one leadership and change theory will be identified to explore ways to address the workplace issue. Thirdly, specific change strategies will be identified relating to the leadership and change theory that will be used to address the issue. Lastly, the desired outcome of the change initiative and why it is important will be discussed.
Get original essayThere are many issues occurring in the work environment of healthcare institutions. One of the main concerns is bullying. This issue has a strong influence among the work environment especially affecting nurses. Many nurses that are bullied suffer from psychological and physical effects such as anxiety and frequent headaches which will also impact their level of job satisfaction (Lee, Berstein, Lee, & Nokes, 2014). Bullying has detrimental effects on the victims experiencing it but can also damage the environment of the organization (Lee et al., 2014). Bullying is an issue that the public would not think would also occur in workplace settings such as healthcare institutions, but it is an important underlying situation that some employees are still experiencing. Since the effects of bullying can harm our health and disrupt quality of life there needs to be appropriate action to draw attention and focus on resolving this recurring issue. Bullying between employees affects the workplace culture, there will be more marginalizing instead of collaboration and communication among everyone part of the interdisciplinary team which will then affect the image of the organization (Sauer & McCoy, 2018). If a nurse is mentally stressed and not in the appropriate health to effectively take care of patients, there can be unintentional mistakes or just not fully being able to attend to patients needs which will overall lead to decreased patient safety (Hubbard, 2014). The effects from bullying can lead to decreased economic health of the organization through employees not wanting to be present at work and increased turnover rate which will negatively affect the economy of the organization (Sauer & McCoy, 2018). Bullying not only affects the employees but also the patients, and the organizations can negatively become impacted, which is why this issue needs immediate sustainable action.
The leadership theory of transformational leadership and the change theory Kotter’s eight stage change process can both be applied to address this workplace issue. Transformational leadership is about a leader having personality qualities consisting of being courageous and enthusiastic with an ability to engage followers to achieve goals towards a shared vision, and to transform the thinking of others (Fischer, 2017). It consists of four main elements idealised influence such as being a role model, inspirational motivation such as collaboratively creating a vision with others, intellectual stimulation such as empowering the capabilities of others, and individualized consideration such as being authentically present with the concerns of others (Fischer, 2017; Guadine & Lamb, 2015). The ability of a leader to demonstrate these characteristics can help to promote the need of an improved organizational culture.
Kotter’s eight stage change process is about a systematic process being implemented to establish change in a work environment. This change theory consists of eight steps the leader must follow in order for change to be successful, development of a sense of crisis, forming partnerships, collaboratively developing a new vision, articulating the vision, empowering others to participate, creating short term accomplishments, committing to the change, and reinforcing the change (Jones-Schenk, 2017; Guadine & Lamb, 2015). The ability of a leader to create an environment for change to occur by being encouraging and engaging others to work together to achieve a common goal can establish a possibility of improving the current work environment.
Transformational leadership theory and Kotter’s eight stage change process can both appropriately be applied to address the persistent bullying workplace issue occurring in healthcare settings. Having a leader that portrays qualities of a transformational leader can help facilitate everyone to achieve goals within an organization. When there is collaboration and census among many people about a shared vision to improve a work environment, establishing a coalition to reinforce the change can be possible. In order to promote organizational goals, the leader must be receptive of information from followers, have the ability to build trust, relationships, and empower others so that the identified common goal can be accomplished (Crowne et al., 2017). This leadership style can help to address the issue of bullying in the workplace by encouraging everyone to see a vision of there needing to be change and actively being a part of the process to achieving the success. Building a team and sharing input during the decision-making process between leader and followers is essential to accomplish organizational goals (Fardellone, Musil, Smith, & Click, 2014). The need for change must be brought to attention and followers should be stimulated to think critically and innovatively to create strategies (Fischer, 2017; Guadine & Lamb, 2015) and feel empowered in order to accomplish them. Having an agent of change can help facilitate and draw attention to the need of the status quo of the work environment to be challenged. When there is a systematic approach to achieving a result, it will be useful for the leader to be able to have a guideline or a framework to track the progress and identify areas during the change process that may need reassessment and adjustment. Creating the environment for change, forming a coalition, engaging and enabling the whole organization to create a new vision, recognizing small accomplishments, and sustaining those changes can allow successful results to occur in the organization. This change theory can help to address the issue of workplace bullying by moving people out of their norms and become aware that change needs to be initiated. In order to see results of change in an organization everyone involved needs to feel empowered and have an active role during the process to sustain the achievement permanently (Jones-Schenk, 2017).
There are some change strategies that can be useful to addressing the issue of bullying in the workplace while applying the transformational leadership theory and Kotter’s eight stage change process. First of all, change cannot be made without the help of followers or without a coalition to support and strengthen a goal towards being accomplished. There is no hierarchy involved in the changing process, it must be inclusive and maintain collaborative effort between each member of the organization in which they all bring their own personal attributes (Anderson, 2018). To address the issue of bullying in the workplace, there needs to be a change agent that is competent in motivating and empowering others to see a vision of what could be done to make a difference in a work environment that will benefit everyone equally, and improve what is currently happening. Employees need to be educated on the topic of bullying and be aware of the different types and all the detrimental effects it can cause. Staff meetings initiated by management can regularly be held on the unit where staff can report any incidences. Those staff meetings created can then inspire other units to hold meetings about bullying until it gets the attention of the whole organization. Policies can be created such as if you see something say something, with policies in place employees can feel comfortable speaking up since we all have a responsibility to incorporate change. There can be mentorship programs so that the ones that are doing the bullying can receive support and become aware of the effects of what their inappropriate behaviour is doing to others. A team of nurses can create an anti-bullying group and reach out to other levels and disciplines within the organization to gather more people, and share their experiences or vision with them to spread awareness and receive different perspectives. Once a team is formed everyone needs to collaborate, share a vision, and feel empowered to contribute to ending bullying in the workplace. When there are no reported incidences of bullying for at least several months that can mark a small win such as employees consistently showing up to work, increased patient satisfaction, and job satisfaction. Once everyone can see those positive changes they can adjust to that new change and feel comfortable making it a permanent success.
The desired outcome from ending bullying in the workplace is that nurses, patients, and the organizations will no longer suffer from the damaging effects. In a work environment free of bullying workers will be supportive, respectful, and enabled to establish trusting relationships among one another increasing teamwork and overall job satisfaction (Purpora & Blegen, 2015). There will be increased patient safety as the nurses caring for patients will feel less stressed and under pressure, if they do feel that way, they will be able to reach out to their colleagues for support or advice. There will be improved psychological and physical wellbeing among nurses, improved quality of patient care, less turnover, and increased job satisfaction within the organization (Fischer, 2017). When everyone in an organization can openly and respectfully communicate with one another that helps to create a sense of a safe environment. These positive outcomes can then lead to less turnover and the image of an organization becomes positive and inspiring that successful change is possible to achieve. These positive outcomes are important as the effects of bullying is harmful to the physical and psychological health of nurses (Hubbard, 2014) which have major roles in healthcare institutions. It can affect things such as their practice while with patients, and job satisfaction (Purpora & Blegen, 2015) as they will not want to be present at work, and risk of developing health issues. Overall, bullying does not just affect the ones that are targeted, but also the lives of patients and the economy of organizations will also be inflicted.
Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.
Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.
Get custom essayIn conclusion, the issue of bullying is persistently occurring within healthcare settings and needs to immediately be appropriately addressed to end its existence in work environments. Applying the transformational leadership theory and Kotter’s eight stage change process to guide change strategies is beneficial for those that inspire to see change and improvement within their organization. These theories enable leaders to have a framework or a guideline with how they can work together and empower others to act and create sustainable change. When the change process is inclusive and everyone has an active role towards it, that accomplishment will be something everyone can feel proud of. To put an end to bullying in the workplace environment cannot only be done by just one person, a team with a shared vision needs to be developed in order for change to be successful. An environment where everyone can work collaboratively, empower one another, and build relationships is a positive and safe environment and one that can take on challenges. It is important for people to feel empowered and to take action to address issues and when they have an idea of making a current situation into something better, do not try and do it alone, working together as a team is essential for long lasting success.
Change is inevitable but is not accepted easily by any individual that is it has face resistance of the people of change within an organization related to its processes
The concept of change management in an organization is divided into three major purposes which is either for development
This essay examines the importance of change management in the successful implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. ERP systems are software solutions that integrate business processes and data flow in real-time, but their implementation can be complex and expensive. Change management strategies, including top management support, effective training, clear communication, and experienced staff, can help ensure success. The case study of Nestle is used to illustrate the challenges, risks, and benefits of ERP implementation and change management strategies. The essay also discusses the tools used to implement successful ERP applications. The study highlights the importance of considering the people side of change in the implementation of ERP systems to achieve the ultimate business outcome.
Get original essayHuman resource management, Customer relationship management (CRM), Supply chain management, inventory management, Business Intelligence (BI), Financial Management are the main components of the ERP software system which basically includes all the main business processes and keeps information flowing through the entire system in real-time thus helps in making effective decisions.
As ERP system are expensive and complex should be implemented properly by considering the change management critical success factors or else it can lead to failure. Some of the change management strategies that have proof to be successful are support from top management, effective training and proper knowledge transfer, effective communication, clear systematic plans, and experienced people.
Prime players of ERP solution such as SAP, Microsoft, Oracle provide the required ERP software solution to large, mid-size, and small organization according to their parameters of requirement such as may it be for business expansion, and may it be adding new functions to the existing business for its improvement. So, choosing an appropriate ERP solution is important for the business as business management software solutions may differ from organization to organization.
Change Management (CM) is an approach which supports, helps, and prepares organizations, teams and individuals in making an organizational change. Customer requirement pressure, evolution of technology, crisis responses, organizational restructuring, internal reviews of activities, acquisitions, mergers, and competitive pressure are some of the important drivers of change.
It is an approach in which the organizations describe and implements change within both its internal and external processes so as to adapt with changes. In organizational perspective the change which is concern about any event or program that the enterprise undertakes which causes major disruption in its daily operations such as implementing an ERP software system.
The right executive sponsor, cultural willingness to adapt and change, individual willingness to change, communication and communication planning, rewards and consequences, resistance management, employee training and development, readiness assessments, data collection, feedback analysis, after project review are the elements for implementing a successful change management process.
So, when deploying ERP software solution across the whole organization proper change management process, tools, and strategies should be used to manage the people side of change so as to achieve the ultimate business outcome.
Nestle S.A. a swiss multinational company founded by Henri Nestle in the year 1866 is headquartered in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland is one of the largest foods and drink processing company around the globe and is the major shareholder of Loreal cosmetics company.
With subsidiaries all around the world it currently offers for about 2000 brands with a broad spectrum of products which includes coffee and tea, baby food, ice cream, confectionery, pet food, infant formula products, snacks, breakfast cereals, dairy products, frozen foods, healthcare nutrition, and milkshakes. Maggi, KitKat, Nescafe, Smarties, Nespresso, Stouffer’s are some of its products which contribute the most to its annual profit.
To sustain in this today’s competitive market businesses, have to make sure that their businesses processes are streamline and aligned together so that it can generate efficient outcomes. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a software system which is a consolidation of certain software packages which unifies the entire business activities and bring in usability, reduced cost, efficiency, centralized control, and high productivity.
Implementation of ERP can only be successful if proper change management tools, processes, and strategies are executed. Change a particular framework of business process is not easy and takes considerable amount of time as the change is not only about the deployment of a certain software system but it is about the changing the employees work approach, function, processes, and organizational culture. So basically, change is about the people of the organization.
In this research paper titled as “Change Management Perspectives in an ERP implementation” the author describes about the problems faced by the global fortune company when implementing an ERP (SAP R/3) system. A successful ERP implementation primarily is a change management process when not addressed properly there is chance that few of the business units can be left integrated thus like the case of this company. As always technical, economical, and managerial factors are considered as a major problem while implementing ERP and often the human side is left unaddressed. Ultimately it was understood from this report as that the issue in implementing ERP is not the technology but the organizational and human changes which is are not conveyed in a proper manner can also lead to implementation failure.
In this research paper titled as “Effects of Change and Change Management on Employee Responses: An Overview of Results from Multiple Studies” the authors describe about how to sustain in the highly competitive business environment businesses needs to change their business processes repeatedly. Change is the necessity for the businesses to overcome the increasing challenges in the competitive environment. Adapting to the changing environment in not easy at all. Changes in the business operations can create a stressful impact on the employees of the organization, they will find it difficult to adjust to the new business activity and this will eventually impact their overall business performance and their commitment to the organization. The paper concludes about that the age factor is the concern when it comes to taking into account the good change management approach if not properly managed. Change should be implicated carefully both at individual job level and unit level of the organization so that the organizational change can have a minimum impact on the people.
In this research paper entitled as “What Happens After ERP Implementation: Understanding the Impact of Interdependence and Differentiation on Plant-Level Outcomes” the authors would like to state about the impact of the ERP model on the overall organizational performance and business operations. It will be much better for the organization when the two important sub-unit level element interdependence is low and differentiation element is high as because ERP systems includes the involvement of data and integrating the business process of the organization. The ERP implementation is executed and adopted in well-organized manner can mostly show positive impact on the organizational level and the two elements interdependence and differentiation both affect the level of the gain obtain from the data and process integration.
In this research paper titled as “Change Management strategies for the successful implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems” the author wants to convey that with the rapidly rising technology in business operations it provides the business various benefits which are helpful to the management to operate their business efficiently and yield as many profits. One such solution that the information technology offers is ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) solutions which is a multi-module software package consisting of various modules that unifies the entire business activities from the initial stage to the final stage such as the after-sales service stage. This entirely integrated system through which the information flows can automate the business processes thus improving the quality, efficiency, accuracy, and cost reduction. So as to yield maximum benefits from the ERP system proper ERP implementation is necessary. According to some of the case studies reviewed the paper concludes some commonly identified change management strategic components which should be properly addressed for the successful ERP software system implementation in any organization. Top management backing, effectual communication, experienced employees, proper well-structured plans, effective training, and knowledge transfer.
In this research paper titled as “The Effect of ERP System Implementation on Business Performance: An Exploratory Case-Study” the author wants to signify that the implementation of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software system is very much usual in today’s business organization. The benefits achieved from implementing the ERP solution is not clearly known but it seen that it does affect the ultimate business performance of the organization. ERP vendors for selling their software solution do exaggerate about the gain obtain from executing ERP such as fast return on investment and providing rapid solutions for business decision making. The significant relationship of the ERP on the business operational performance cannot be estimated on the basis of the financial profit gain by the organization. The impact of ERP can only be understood by focusing on the qualitative approach that is by considering the operational and intangible gains. Operational effectiveness, information, communication, operational efficiency is some of the intangible business performance factors on the basis of which the benefits can be estimated after adopting the ERP software solution.
In this research paper titled as “Evaluating the Effects of ERP Systems on Performance and Management Accounting in Organizations” the authors want to state that with the IT (information technology) spreading widely the use of IT system have also increased. ERP system an automated business software management system integrates the various departments and provides information in real time provides that helps the top management to make complex decision very quickly and in an easier manner. Subsequently after implementing the ERP system its impact can be assess through the changing management practices, organizational performance, and on accountants and management accounting as advanced management accounting techniques are also introduced once the execution of ERP system was found to be successful. As a consequence of implementing this ERP system technology some of the problems associated with generating budgets of the organization where eliminated and more up-to-date information was available to the employees of the organization.
In this research paper entitled as “Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Implementation: A case for User participation” the authors describe about the information system (IS) such as the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software system which deals with automating and integrating the business process through the interaction between technology and people. Different researches which are being conducted are mostly about the successful adoption of ERP in an organization, its critical success factors, and the factors through which success can be measure so that it may not lead to opposition from the users of the system ranging from the top-level management to the low-level management. The implementation of the complex IT based system which involves huge amount of expenditure to be spend, organizational commitment, and lengthy periods are the obstacles or the challenges which should be backup by user participation that is by the employees of the organization are necessary for the successful development of the ERP information system. Thus, any information system cannot be executed successfully if users are not ready to accept the changes is the system.
In this research paper titled as “Challenges in Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in Large Organizations: Similarities and Differences Between Corporate and University Environment” the author wants to convey about the obstacles the organizations have to face while implementing ERP in between the corporate and university environment and to assess the required the critical success factor and risk factors while executing ERP software system. The legacy support system which was replaced ERP for the betterment and improvement of the management and the administration are primarily evolved from the manufacturing and planning system to integrating other system such as the finance, production, human resource, planning, supply chain management, and sales force automation. Some of the challenges assess from the study are failure to get user support, lack of senior manager commitment, failure to redesign business process, insufficient training of end-users, ineffective communication with users, conflicts between user departments, and attempts to build bridges to legacy applications.
In this research paper entitled as “ERP Systems and their Effects on Organizations: A Proposed Scheme for ERP Success” the authors would like to describe about the effect the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software information system on the organization’s financial position, business process, and their overall business performance. Basic computer system which was conventionally used to manage the business data, information, and its activities were later replaced by the ERP solution which was firstly introduced in 1990s but back then this was only provided the feature of the back-office system, then later the modern ERP came into more highlight in the business world due to the problem of Y2K. The modern ERP then included the not only the core business processes, back-office but also the activities of the organizations which involved the customers as well. The paper stated that about the success scheme and the effects of ERP system on the managerial and operational level. The success scheme (SS) which was suggested in this paper consisted of eight phases which are consultation team phase, team plan, announcement, involvement, business process mapping, implementation, tracking, and evaluation phase.
In this research paper titled as “Change Management Strategies in ERP Implementations” the author wants to state that the implementation of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software system is not consider successful unless it is accepted by the people of the organization. The ERP system which integrates business activities and presents accurate and effective data in real time across the functional departments of the organizations often encounters resistance from the internal employees. As employees are left with fear that this automated technology-based system can make them lose their jobs, some are concern about the change that this system will bring in their work, and some worry about that there will be no control over the information so to avoid this change management and its strategies should be adopted and not neglected due to budget and time constraint. Thus, in order to make sure that the problems consider while implementing ERP system can be checked by matching it with the Aladwani’s model of think-feel-do framework.
In this research paper entitled as “The Organizational Change Dilemma of ERP Implementation in a Small Manufacturing Company” the author wants to describe that change is a necessity for each and every business if they want to thrive and survive in the rapidly changing pace of the business environment. Computer system being used traditionally had made the work a little bit easier for the businesses but there was a communication-based problem as the system worked as sperate systems and increased a lot work related pressure for the managers. Information technology (IT) has provided a solution to integrate this various functional departments into one single integrated system by implementing the ERP software system solution which not only integrated all the sub-systems but provides real time and accurate information by fetching from its common database making it easier for managers in decision making. But implementing an ERP solution is a very big challenge for every organization be it large organizations, medium size organizations, or small organizations. For small organizations it is even more difficult due to the shortage of funds and lack of talented and experienced individual thus making the implementation of the ERP solution resist able due to organizational changes.
In this research paper entitled as “ERP: Implementation Procedures and Critical Barriers” the authors want to state about the how the implementation procedure to implement ERP the management information system (MIS) backbone of the information technology (IT) in an organization to unify the various departments at all which will share a common database through which accurate information is generated then being useful for making effective decision by the top-level management for the betterment and improvement of the organization. The main purpose of this research paper was to understand the execution procedure for implementing ERP software system solution and also to assess the critical barriers while implementing the same. There are five implementation steps which consist of project preparation phase, requirement gathering, business blue printing (print), realization phase, and go-live preparation or data migration. Lack of top management support, technological barrier, knowledge gap, general barrier, and change management barrier are some of the most crucial barriers that needs to consider.
In this research paper entitled as “Change Management” the author wants to state that how change management has to managed, implemented effectively by the HR human resource management department. Change is crucial for every organization to survive, to take a lead in the market. At times organization tend to adapt change management but fail to execute it practically. Change management seems to be successful when the people of the organization are satisfied with their work life quality and are readily agreed for any future changes. So, if the employees, job satisfaction, and productivity are connected or link together it can generate better effective results. Generally, change management factors is driven by an acknowledged leader but proper adaption and execution of it is to be done by the HR personnel. Communication, training, process re-designing, accurate change management programs are considered as applications for change management mechanism. Organizational change is a highly complicated process and has become a primary concern for the organization with the growing political and economic pressure. Understanding customers, technology, and improving communication are considered as the major factors to complete a successful organizational change whether in terms of cultural, strategic, political, and operational change.
In this research paper titled as “The Impact of Change and Change Management in Achieving Corporate Goals and Objectives: Organizational Perspective” the author would like to state about how leaders and managers should try to implement a change management model which help in achieving the corporate goals and objectives and how the internal and external factors if properly assessed can contribute to the positive consequences of change. Adapting change in the business is important because it is unavoidable and has to be consider for the existence of the company. Change management is a systematic well-structured approach that deals with transforming the management, employees, processes, structure due to the influence by the internal and external aspects such as the political, social, environmental, and economic. Lewin’s change model, McKinsey’s 7s model, Kotter’s 8 step model are some of the change management model mentioned in this paper which help organizations to grow dynamically for expansion or for competitive advantage purpose.
In this research paper entitled as “The Relationship between Change Management Strategy and Successful Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Implementations: A Theoretical Perspective” the authors would to draw the attention towards the successful change management strategy factors being measured in three phases preparing to change, implementation of change, and to measure the impact on the user. Evolution of the business is important to thrive between the competitors, to satisfy the customers changing needs, and for this the management has to be updated with the latest innovative technology to stand out in the business market. In the preparation stage of the change management factors the organizational culture and structure must be prepared to change which should influence the individuals of the organization. In implementation stage effective communication between end-to-end user, training and development programs must be applied. Lastly the measuring impact on the user stage feedback for the previous stages must be taken and accordingly mistakes should be modified to develop and the change management strategy.
In this research paper entitled as “The Relationship between BPR Strategy and Change Management for the Sustainable Implementation of ERP: An Information Orientation Perspective” the author would like to convey about that even after implementing the ERP system it didn’t showed any positive outcome in terms of the financial performance it may be due to the resistance the ERP system faced for the organizational changes and so as to understand the impact of the relationship between the business process reengineering (BPR) strategy and change management (CM) on the performance of the ERP software system. Businesses in these days are inclined more towards the technology-based solution to improve their business performance and their financial performance as well but adapting the information technology solutions is not only complex but expensive and time consuming as well. So, the critical success change management factors should be properly addressed and executed.
In this research paper entitled as “Successful Strategies for Implementing an Enterprise Resource Planning System” the author wants to state that since the existence and implementation of ERP in the organizations the its success rate has not been that much due to the lack of the understanding about the other support factors which basically contribute to its successful impact on the organizations performance in terms of the financial gains, and better improvement in the automation of the business process. Success stories are very less than compared to the drastic failure cases of the ERP affecting the business operations, its performance, stakeholders, the working system, and the organizations people. On the basis of some significant case studies and data analysis some successful strategies were identified for the implementation of the business software solution. So, to overcome the organizational inefficiencies the top-level management leaders should acquire to integrate the organizational, environmental, and technical factors.
In this research paper titled as “Challenges Affecting the Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)” the author signifies about how using ERP system in large, mid-size, and small organizations helps it achieving a sustainable competitive advantage and its positive impact on profit and productivity which makes it a market leader. Every business enterprise needs some sort of system so as to support its business processes. ERP does that it acts as a backbone for the entire business as it unifies the business activities such as production, logistics, accounting, human resource and provides an accurate a timely information through its information system which thus helps the top-level management in taking effective decisions. Only when an organization can address and solve its internal organizational issues and challenges and keep up with the changing trend of technology then only an ERP system can benefit the organization directly in terms of profit and productivity.
In this research paper entitled as “Driving Change Management strategy in ERP implementation project” the authors would like to talk about the approach towards change management as how it could transform the information system, operational processes, and people of the organization for the successful adoption of the ERP implementation project. With the exponential growth in the digital evolution the amount of data that is getting generated each day is huge which is being useful in planning a busines strategy, taking a complex decision beneficial for the company. Accordingly, the management of the vast and complicated data is important which can be done by the business process software solution ERP which not only manages the data but makes sure it is flowing properly between the whole enterprise by integrating the various departments at all levels. The factors which influence the change management process are namely well-planned communication, a perfect implementation plan, resistance to change, and readily getting agreed for the ERP implementation project. If all the approaches, concept, components, and change management models if carefully evaluated can make this complex and expensive change management process easily adaptable for the people.
In this research paper entitled as “The Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning on Business Performance: With the Discussion on Its Relationship with Open Innovation” the authors would like to signify about the impact of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system on the business performance of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which are having a crucial role in the economic development of the country and have made the business environment more competitive. The paper basic purpose was to understand the effect of ERP usage on the financial and non-financial performance of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and also to address the primarily put up to the effective and successful use of an ERP software system. The usage of the system is considered to be a successful when the user that is an employee of the organization thoroughly understands the business management software system and don’t resist the changes happening in the work process, culture of the organization.
Change is always inevitable it helps the person to keep moving forward and to become better professionals and to improve personalities for the betterment, yet change is less likely to arise from its own sake. It always doesn’t necessarily mean that something needs to be alter, modify it can be implied by making either important difference often which will be amounting to a loss of the original identity or a substitution of one thing for another.
Change is a procedure or a necessity that something we have to believe in that is to evolve is to change. So, as to evolve it is necessary to step beyond fear and take action towards positive change. The act of becoming different can give at times a negative feedback as well if it the process and its importance is not consider. It is required to keep in mind that when to comes to change implementation isn’t the end its just the beginning.
Change management (CM) is the discipline which is defined as the methods and manners in which the organization describes and implements change to its external and internal processes. It is a collective approach which involves understanding why the change is needed, then preparing and supporting employees, taking the necessary steps for implementing change, and have to monitor the pre- and post-change activities to make sure for the successful implementation.
Unlike people change is necessary in businesses as well, every organization for the improve and to thrive and survive in the competing market environment has to keeping changing it business processes and operations. For business change has to be deployed due to both the internal as well external environment. Change is difficult but effective change management e
Marriage and family are considered to be the oldest and the most primary and fundamental institutions in the sub-systems of the society that plays a significant role in order to regulate the sex lives of human beings. Both are important for the transcendence and functioning not only of society but also for the sustenance and perseverance of human being. Marriage can have different inferences in different cultures, its goals, functions, and forms may vary from society to society. Marriage is not merely a legally recognized union of two people but it is a live social bondage. In the Indian context, huge importance has been given to marriage since time immemorial. In our country marriage is almost obligatory and inescapable for an average Indian. It is a long-standing and deeply rooted tradition believed as a basic ritual of our country.
Get original essayMarriage is an institution created by society to sanction the union of male and female for purposes of entering into sexual relations, reproducing, establishing a family.
The winds of change have been blowing over many established institutions and concepts. One such institution, that still remains widespread and which seems to be under an awful assault from shifting social trends, is the institution of marriage. Along with the change in family norms in the contemporary society, the pattern of marriage is also changing. Men and women of today are eagerly stepping out of their customary demarcated responsibility and moving towards a more egalitarian concept of marriage. Some of the changing standards in an intimate relationship that are currently posing problems to the traditional model of marriage are; Increasing acceptability of singlehood, Increasing popularity of cohabitation and Increasing rate of divorce.
Polygamy and polyandry were prevalent in former times. As the civilization process went ahead, marriage came to be recognized as a religious, divine and indissoluble sacramental bond and wife was considered to be a respectable member of the home. The vedic literature generally endorsed monogamy and was considered the best practice of the highest uprightness.
Polygamy was approved by the ancient lawgivers under certain scenarios, such as the barrenness or lack of religious- mindedness, that is if the wife was unfit to participate in the performance of religious rites of her husband. The husband had the right to remarry if the wife failed to deliver a male child.
According to the Rig Veda, the aim of marriage was to enable a man, by becoming a householder, to perform a sacrifice to the gods and to reproduce sons. Marriage (Vivaha) was one of the holy sacraments which every person had to undergo and was also the second stage, Grihasthashrama (householder) among the four stages of life prescribed in the Ashrama dharma.
The term dampati used in the Rig Vedic period designates the mistress as well as the master of the house that is both husband and wife. status of women in ancient India Women of the proto and prehistoric India were much better with regard to their voice, freedom, their living status in general, education, carrier option, marriage option, family, and religion. This gave them equal opportunity for survival with self-respect and dignity. The status of women was extremely rich in culture, lifestyle and stands supreme for its glory. At the dawn of Indian history, women hold a high social status and some of them were widely reputed for their learning. In Vedic age, women occupied a high rank in society. She had equal privilege with men and enjoyed freedom in choosing her life partner; women went to Guru Kula to receive education and married only after obtaining an education. Gradually, the condition changed. The social background provided by the authoritarian joint family and caste with its power in all spheres of life rendered no scope for the recognition of any personal interests, aspirations, and wishes of a woman in the family life. There is absolutely no reference to Divorce/Dissolution of marriage in the Vedic text or in the post-Vedic literature. As the lawgivers have opined that a bride is given to the family and not to the groom only, a childless widow was allowed to have sexual relation with the brother of her husband to beget a son. This act was known as The custom of Niyoga. Tallying of horoscope played no part in the settlement of marriage in ancient India.
It is supposed to be the ‘dark age’ for them. Medieval India saw many foreign conquests, which concluded in the decline in women’s status. When foreign conquerors like Muslims invaded India they brought with them their own cultures and traditions. For them women were the sole property of her father, brother or husband and she does not have any will of her own and they treated them like that. This type of thinking also crept into the minds of Indian people and they also began to treat their own women like this. One more reason for the decline in women’s status and freedom was that original Indians wanted to shield their womenfolk from the barbarous Muslim invaders. As polygamy was a norm for these invaders they picked up any women they wanted and kept her in their “harems”.Due to this reason, their freedom also became affected. They were not allowed to move freely anywhere and not suppose to do anything on their own will and this lead to the further deterioration of their status. These problems related to women resulted in the changed mindset of people and their attitudes towards the woman. Now they began to consider a girl as misery and a burden, which has to be shielded from the eyes of intruders and needs extra care. Thus a vicious circle started in which women were at the receiving end. All this gave rise to some new evils such as Child Marriage, Sati, Jauhar, and restriction. The ritual of dying at the funeral pyre of the husband is known as “Sati” or “Sahagaman”. women dying at the funeral pyre of her husband go straight to heaven so it’s good to practice this ritual.Sati was considered to be the better option than living as a widow as the plight of widows in Hindu society was even worse. Child Marriage was a norm in medieval India.
Girls were married off at the age of 8-10. They were not allowed access to education and were treated as the material being. There were a lot of Restrictions on Widow Remarriage the condition of widows in medieval India was very bad. They were not treated as human beings and were subjected to a lot of restrictions. Sometimes heads of widows were also shaved down. They were not allowed to remarry. Any woman remarrying was looked down by the society. This cruelty of widows was one of the main reasons for a large number of women committing Sati.
In medieval India living as a Hindu widow was a sort of a curse. Purdah System was widely prevalent, It was used to protect the women folk from the eyes of foreign rulers who invaded India in the medieval period. But this system curtailed the freedom of women. Girls in medieval India and especially in Hindu society were not given formal education. They were given education related to household chores only.