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Brandy is a female college student who suffers with bulimia nervosa at 21 years old. Brandy’s constant anxiety about how she appears to others results in extreme levels of stress that she copes with by binging food uncontrollably, which are characteristics of bulimia nervosa. She also displays other bulimic traits like purging after her binge sessions multiple times a day in fear of gaining weight even though her body weight appears to be good. This research paper aims to discover the etiology of her disorder and the best method to treat it.
Get original essayThroughout all of Brandy’s life, she struggled to maintain the high standards set upon her by her parents. She believes the reason why they expect so much of her is because of how disappointed they are with her older sister Sarah, who did poorly in school, became overweight, and rebelled against the family. Brandy thinks that they want to remedy the failure of their parenting by making Brandy more successful than Sarah. This can be seen when Brandy was in middle school and her parents forced her to serve in their church, take advanced classes, and be on the track team. Brandy did not want to disappoint her parents like Sarah did and she strived to be the best in these activities so her parents would be proud. She stressed about being perfect in everything she did and felt anxiety when she made a minor mistake like receiving an A- on an assignment or placing second in track, causing her to think her parents wouldn’t love her anymore. Brandy was reinforced for her perfectionist behavior because her parents would constantly compare her to Sarah and say how proud they were of her whenever she reached a milestone. Brandy’s intensive focus on being perfect for her parents caused her so much stress that she could barely handle it. The opportunities to be impress them increased as she got older.
The etiological factor for Brandy’s bulimia nervosa is the perfectionist trait she acquired in her childhood while trying to please her parents. This caused her to stress enormously about how she appeared to her parents and later to others which transferred to almost all the areas of her life as she got older. The stress from trying and failing to be perfect caused her to binge food to relieve it, which she then followed by purging so that her health could stay perfect too. These first two empirical studies examine and support how the perfectionist trait can lead to bulimia nervosa.
The first etiological study was conducted by Bardone-Cone, Boyd, and Weishuhn (2009) which was determined to examine the relationship of maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism to bulimic symptoms in African American women that were college students. Another goal of this research study was to use an interactive model to discover how different levels of perfectionism and perceptions of weight interacted with each other and how they affected bulimic symptoms. To pursue both of these goals, the researchers recruited 97 African American women from a Midwestern university, who most of which were halfway through their bachelor’s degree and on average 19 years of age. The study was designed by having the 97 women take two questionnaires that were separated by 5 months, although only 70 of the original group took the second one (Bardone-Cone, et al., 2009). The questionnaires were designed to determine the traits of perfectionism and impulsivity within each participant, along with other behaviors that were linked to eating and substance abuse (Bardone-Cone, et al., 2009). The first test was used to determine the status of bulimic symptoms in the participants and the second test to evaluate and predict the change in their symptoms he measures used to test the goals of this research were the participants complete demographics, levels of maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism, perceived weight status, BMI, and bulimic symptoms. The results of this study showed that it was only maladaptive perfectionism that was linked to bulimic symptoms and increased the probability that those symptoms would worsen, not adaptive perfectionism. The study also highlighted the detrimental effects of maladaptive perfectionism mixing with the woman’s perception of being overweight, which predicted in increase of developing more extreme bulimic symptoms the more she thought she was overweight. This shows that perfectionism, at least the negative form of it, plays a crucial role in the chances of developing bulimia nervosa. Another discovery Bardone-Cone, et al., (2009) found was that higher levels of BMI interacting with the maladaptive perfectionist women also contributed to bulimic symptoms, but they concluded that perceptions of being overweight mixing with maladaptive perfectionism was more consequential. Lastly, Bardone-Cone, et al., (2009) conclude that in order to decrease bulimic symptoms for African American women, it is critical to counsel them on their negative perceptions of weight but more importantly on reducing their maladaptive perfectionism, which is considered a major maintenance factor for eating disorders among most women and is the preferred target for counseling.
The second etiological study was completed by Egan, Watson, Kane, McEvoy, Fursland, and Nathan (2013) which was determined to examine how anxiety is the mediator between the empirically strong relationship of perfectionism and eating disorders, such as bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and other eating disorders not specified. Egan, et al., (2013) conducted this experiment after examining that perfectionism plays a huge role in being a risk and maintenance factor for eating disorders, based on the large amount of empirical research they provided in their study. To determine this and how anxiety plays a part in this strong relationship, they recruited 370 patients that were associated with a specialist service for eating disorders in Australia, 18% of which were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, 41% with bulimia nervosa, and 41% with eating disorders not specified. Those that were excluded from the study were people who did not meet the criteria for an eating disorder by the DSM-IV standards and those who were diagnosed with binge eating disorder (Egan, et al., 2013). The age of these participants was between 16 and 71 years old, with the average being 25.04 years (Egan, et al., 2013). The design of the study was for the participants to take eating disorder assessments from clinical psychologists for 2-3 sessions. Included in the assessments were clinical interviews, self reports, Eating Disorder Examinations (EDE), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interviews (MINI), and a measuring of the participants body mass index. The measures used for this study were diagnostic interviews like the MINI and EDE which assessed, perfectionism, anxiety, eating disorder pathology, objective binge eating, and purging behaviors in the participants (Egan, et al., 2013). After comparing the results of the study in partially and fully mediated models used to determine the size of anxiety’s role, and ultimately choosing the partially mediated model’s data as evidence over the other, the results of the study showed that the strong relationship between perfectionism and eating disorders does have a partial role played by anxiety in mediating the two instead of a larger one.
Egan, et al., (2013) conclude that treating perfectionism and anxiety is important for effectively treating eating disorders, and by treating perfectionism specifically it can reduce not only eating disorders like bulimia nervosa but also disorders related to anxiety and eating pathology. Egan, et al., (2013) come to this conclusion even though anxiety was their focus for this research, which proved to be a small factor for eating disorders, and instead they found more on how much perfectionism plays a role in both eating and anxiety disorders. The researches Egan, et al., (2013) conclude that perfectionism was much more significant than expected and that it is a powerful transdiagnostic factor for many disorders, which their research proves why perfectionism is such a big contributor to bulimia nervosa.
The treatment of choice for curing bulimia nervosa is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, also known as CBT. This treatment is more effective than any type of medication that has been used to treat eating disorders, like antidepressants, and it is especially successful for bulimia nervosa that results in a better chance of improvement and possibly freedom from the disorder. According to the researchers Waller, Gray, Hinrichsen, Mountford, Lawson, and Patient (2014), CBT is comprised of three main areas when treating this disorder: education on the disorder, cognitive therapy, and coping strategies. For education, it focuses on teaching the physical consequences of binging and purging, ineffectiveness of purging techniques, bad effects of dieting, and a solid meal plan that has nutritious food every three hours for about five to six meals (Waller, et al., 2014). For cognitive therapy, it aims to correct highly dysfunctional thoughts, fix incorrect beliefs about body weight and shape, and restructure the view on eating since it is a huge contributor to the disorder.
Lastly, for coping strategies it focuses on learning how to resist the impulse to binge and the immediate drive to purge. This last stage is characterized by targeting the stressful cues that trigger binge eating and dealing with the anxiety and depression that results from the binge in order to prevent the impulse to purge (Barlow, et al., 2018). These stages are addressed in around 20 hour long sessions, which can be increased or decreased depending on the improvement rate of the patient (Waller, et al., 2014). These next two research studies will analyze CBT and show how effective it is in treating bulimia nervosa.
The first treatment study was conducted by Waller, Gray, Hinrichsen, Mountford, Lawson, and Patient (2014) which was determined to examine whether or not the effectiveness of using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to treat bulimia nervosa in research trials can be transferred over to everyday clinics for the same results. Waller, et al., (2014) conducted this study because the evidence for CBT working on those with bulimia nervosa had only come from research studies that were highly controlled, specialized, and funded, which made them doubt how generalizable those findings were. The number of participants for this study was 78 women who suffered with bulimic disorders, 55 of which had bulimia nervosa and 23 had eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) but that had bulimic behaviors like purging and binging. It is also important to note that 9 of the women were taking antidepressants before undergoing CBT and a large amount of the participants had a comorbidity with other disorders. The average age of the women was 27.8 years.
The design of the study was for the women to undergo CBT, take eating pathology and depression assessments, and to journal the amount of times they binged and purged throughout the treatment. For CBT, Waller, et al., (2014) issued 20 supervised one hour CBT sessions, the average being 19.2, with experienced clinical psychologists that involved cognitive restructuring, education on their behavior and the disorder, behavioral experiments to fix coping strategies, a change in diet, and addressing the comorbidities they suffered once they began to improve. The measures used for the study were the Eating Disorders Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and CBT treatment with an analysis of the participants recovery of bulimia nervosa. The results of the study by Waller, et al., (2014) agreed with their hypothesis that CBT was an effective measure of treatment for bulimia nervosa and other forms of eating disorders in both a clinical practice and a research facility. They showed that in everyday clinical settings compared to research studies, CBT was just as effective for bulimic symptoms with a very low drop out rate, only half of the participants were remissioned, and there was significant reduction of eating disorder characteristics and depression. They also showed that through CBT, the participants improved in their mood, eating perceptions and behavior (Waller, et al., 2014).
However, Waller, et al., (2014) do note that the weakness of this study was that the CBT administered to the participants was done by clinicians who were specialized in eating disorder pathology and had high levels of training for its treatment. The researchers conclude that this, along with no control group and therapy validation to determine if clinicians were actually administering CBT, is due to the nature of the trial and that there was little they could do to fix it. Despite these limitations, their research study helps to solidify CBT as an effective treatment for bulimia nervosa regardless of where it is administered.
The second treatment study was conducted by Peterson, Berg, Crosby, Lavender, Accurso, Ciao, Smith, Klein, Mitchell, Crow, and Wonderlich (2017) which was determined to observe and compare how both Integrative Cognitive-Affective Therapy (ICAT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Enhanced (CBT-E) indirectly affected patients with bulimia nervosa. To compare which one was better for treating bulimia nervosa, Peterson, et al., (2017) assessed how both treatments impacted the patients emotional regulation, coping strategies, and view of themselves. In order to test this, Peterson, et al., (2017) recruited 80 participants who were on average 27.3 years old, had a BMI that was around 23.9 kg, and almost all of them were Caucasian females. They were acquired from communal and clinical environments in North Dakota and Minnesota, of which 72.5% of them were diagnosed with bulimia nervosa and 27.5% had bulimic symptoms that did not meet the full criteria of the DSM-IV for bulimia nervosa. The study was designed to place the participants randomly in either 21 sessions of CBT-E or ICAT, which lasted 50 minutes each and was taken in the course of 17 weeks. There was four methods used throughout the study to assess the participants as they went through either treatment.
The first method was the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), an interview given by a researcher who was both trained to give it and blind to what group the interviewee was in, that determines the severity of the participant’s bulimic symptoms which Peterson, et al., (2017) used at the end of their treatment and in the 4 month follow up. The second method used was the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), a scale that participants used to indicate their emotional regulation difficulties, which Peterson, et al., (2017) used in the beginning, middle, and end of treatment. The third method used was the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Intrex questionnaire that showed changes in both positive and negative self directed behaviors, which Peterson, et al., (2017) used in the beginning, middle, and end of treatment. The last method used was the Selves Interview, which determined how the participants viewed their ideal self and how others want them to be, which Peterson, et al., (2017) used in the beginning and end of treatment.
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Get custom essayThe results of the study show that there were no significant differences in the indirect effects on the participants psychology with ICAT or CBT-E. The study also showed that the future outcome of a patient’s bulimia nervosa while being treated by ICAT or CBT-E can be determined by how they’ve changed in emotional regulation and coping strategies by the middle of their treatment. Lastly, the study concluded that the outcomes were similar for both treatments and they proved to be equally effective in treating bulimia nervosa.
Unfortunately, not all our bodies are composed and function the same, which is why our bodies differ in shape. Some individuals must monitor their intake closely in order to maintain their satisfactory weight while others can eat freely and be as thin as a feather. The human body is a reflection of the foods we ingest, and how active we keep ourselves. For most, a well-balanced diet and an exercise program will positively impact the human body. Some positive results include, decreases risk for developing chronic health conditions such as, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, colon cancer and diabetes ("Older Adults| Surgeon General Report | CDC," n.d.). As people age they become less active, metabolism slows down, energy requirement decrease, all factors combined lead to weight gain and other issues if not controlled ("Nutrition Concerns," n.d.). Statistics show that individuals from African American and Hispanic descent tend to be more obese than Caucasians. Risk factors can also predispose an individual to obesity, such as, sedentary lifestyles, genetics, emotional factors linked to dysfunctional eating, and certain medical conditions ("Imbalanced Nutrition: More," 2017)
Get original essayOn the other hand, technology advances, has enabled Americans to be able to access tools for help with weight loss, and activity tracking. Now a day, almost anyone owns some type of smart device. Smart devices give anyone the luxury to monitor his/her intake in calories, monitor distance walked and even monitor calories burned during the day. Trained professionals such as nutritionist and personal trainers can assist individuals achieve their desired weight loss goal by creating an individualized meal and exercise plan.
This sixty-eight year-old client lives alone and is independent with all self-care and activities of daily living (ADLs). It is reported that she ambulates well, exhibits no impairments with function of extremities, alert and oriented to person, place, time, and situations. Her height is 5”-6” and weighs 210 pounds/95.25 kg. According to her weight, and height, her Body Mass Index (BMI) is 33.9. According to the breakdown of BMI, 33.9 correspond to a BMI of an obese individual. BMI is a measurement of body fat accordingly to your height and weight. BMI is universal and can be used for most adult men and women aged 20 and older. BMI is standard and does not consider factors such as, age, sex, and ethnicity. There are more precise measurements of body fat such as, bioelectrical impedance, underwater weighing, dual energy x-ray absorption, and even skinfold thickness ("BMI (Body Mass Index): What Is BMI?” n.d. ). As reported, the client is on a fixed income, lives a modest lifestyle and appears to be satisfied with her independency. She has family and social support, but lives an autonomous lifestyle.
Just like any nursing encounter, a through nursing assessment is ideal in order to formulate a complete and ideal care plan. Once my assessment has been completed, I will use tools to generate my care plan for this client, the tools I will be utilizing will include, BMI chart, diet analysis, diet journal, and portion size education. A diet analysis is a tool used to pinpoint every piece of food that you ingest, and the amount of calories, fat, protein and carbohydrates consumed (Johnson, 2015). Portion size is important, as studies suggest present-day portion sizes have added an extra 50 to 150 calories. As this may not seem like a bid deal, it can end up causing ten pounds of weight gain per year ("Correct Portion Sizes," n.d.).
Care plan for this client will be geared towards weight loss. This particular client has a BMI of 33.9, which is consistent with obesity. Her Imbalanced Nutrition (More than body Requirements) is related to eating in response to her social situation, as client reportedly lives alone.
Outcomes will include, client will be able to identify inappropriate behaviors and consequences with overeating or weight gain. Client will exhibit better meal selection and/or meal planning concerning weight loss ("4 Obesity Nursing Care Plans • Nurseslabs," n.d.). It is important to provide education to this client, ensuring she understands what the consequences are of weight gain, and why she must loose weight.
First intervention will include assessing the effects of complications of being obese, medical complication and poor self-esteem may result in obesity. Second, nursing intervention will be assessing clients dietary intake using a journal and asking client to write food intake for at least 3 days. This information will help develop an individualized eating plan. Lastly, establishing her current activity levels and plan a progressive exercise program such as walking, personalized to the client’s goals and choice will help client with weight loss. ("4 Obesity Nursing Care Plans • Nurseslabs," n.d.).
As there is no broad and ideal diet over another, an ideal diet must contain foods from all basic food groups with an emphasis on low-fat intake and sufficient protein intake to avoid loss of lean muscle mass. It is important to maintain the diet plan as comparable to patient’s usual eating pattern as possible. A plan designed with and approved by the client is more likely to be profitable with positive results. In the other hand, exercise promotes weight loss by decreasing appetite, increasing energy, toning muscles, enhances cardiac fitness, and creating a sense of well being to the human brain. Developing an exercise program approved by the client will increase chances of client participation and attachment to it ("4 Obesity Nursing Care Plans • Nurseslabs," n.d.). Due to the age of this client, I would ensure exercise is moderate in intensity. Walking is always an effective exercise for individuals who may experience difficulties performing more strenuous exercises. If client has access to a swimming pool, then low-impact water exercises will be included as well. Asking the client about her preferences is important, as clients will most likely participate if it is something of their interest. Sometimes, desired activities by the client such as gardening, fishing and water exercises can be implemented into their exercise program and at the same time promote personal gratification.
As reported, this 68-year-old client lives along and is independent with her care. This may be a factor leading to noncompliance with her exercise and diet plan. One of the most common complications with older adults who live alone is lack of transportation. Many older adults stop driving due to safety, health and even economic issues. She many not have a vehicle and/or the finances required to purchase the required meals for her weight loss meal plan, or pay for the fees of a personal trainer and nutritionist. Many times older adults lack a drivers license due to vision issues. Another common problem with older adults is depression. It is important that she is self-motivated and understands the importance of her adherence to her diet and exercise plan in order for her to achieve success. As reported the client has family and social supports, and is proud of her self-reliance, these positive aspects in her life will aid in her participation and adherence with her health management plans.
One of my referrals for this particular client would be the Nutritionist. Weight loss is not an easy task to accomplish, especially for older adults, who many lack knowledge, have slower metabolisms, and low energy levels. Additionally, chronic conditions and medications can alter nutrition requirements ("Nutrition Concerns," n.d.). A Nutritionist is an educated individual and a subject matter expert who will educate the client in proper foods and formulate and adequate meal plan based on the clients needs. Deciding which types of Professional Nutritionist advice will best fulfill the clients need, will be important, as there are two types. This client can obtain nutrition counseling from a registered dietitian, a degreed nutritionist or a certified clinical nutritionist (Davis, 2015). The other referral would be to a personal trainer. A personal trainer will help the client formulate an exercise plan ideal for her, which will help her reach her weight loss goals. A personal trainer works with an individual to help him/her define their fitness goals. He/she takes into account your current fitness level and discusses what you want to achieve through your workouts (Frost, 2015).
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Get custom essayIn conclusion, proper diet and exercise are key factors to weight loss and health maintenance. Commitment and adherence to treatment plans is crucial in order to achieve weight loss goals. Professional help such as Nutritionist and Registered Dieticians is encouraged for individuals who struggle defining the most appropriate foods. Personal trainers, on the other hand, are important for those who desire and need to lose weight and are unaware of the types of exercise that will help them achieve their desired weight. Self-Motivation, education and commitment will lead to weight loss and/or weight control thus reducing risks for developing health conditions. As a nurse follow-up care for this client will be important to monitor her progress and commitment to plan of care and if necessary make changes to her plan of care.
Google is recognized as the world's largest search engine company, with a large number of users around the world. It operates more than one million servers in data centers around the world, integrates global information, processes hundreds of millions of search requests every day, automatically 'browses' each web page, and scores them one by one. Users only need to input in the search home page Keywords, Google search engine will find out the relevant pages with the highest score from the pages it visited, and display them in less than a second so that everyone can access and get the information they want.
Get original essayGoogle has been able to grow into a company with a dominant share of the Internet search market, thanks to the effectiveness of the ranking algorithms used at the bottom of its search engine. The underlying system for search has managed to handle more than 88 billion searches per month. During this time, the main search engine has never experienced an outage, and users can expect query results in about 0.2 seconds.
Google's search engine is implemented in C or C++, which is efficient and can run on Solaris or Linux. In this section, we will give a high-level overview of how the whole system design. In Google, the Web crawling is done by severe distributed Crawlers. The function of the URL server is to send the list of URLs to Crawler, and then Crawler will send all the acquired web pages to the store server, and then Repository will compress the webpages and store them in the database. When the system starts to parse web pages, because each web page has an ID number (called docID) associated with it, the parsed URL will be assigned that number.
The indexer performs many functions that can read repositories, extract documents, and parse them. Every document is converted into the occurrences of a set of a word called hits. The hits are used to record words, their position in the text, estimate font size and capitalization. The indexer distributes these hits into a set of 'barrels', creating a partially sorted forward index. The indexer also has an important function, which parses all links in each web page, and stores important information about these links in the anchor's file. File information can accurately locate the location of each link from and to and the text of the link.
URL resolver reads the anchors file and converts the relative URLs to absolute URLs, then to docID. It puts the anchor text into the forward index, associated with the docID that the anchor points to. It also creates database links for each pair of docIDs. The links database is used to calculate the PageRanks of all documents. The sorter takes the barrels, which sorted by docID and resorts them by wordID to generate the inverted index. This operation requires a little temporary space.
The sorter also generates a list of wordIDs and offsets it into the reverse index. The DuffSimulink function generates a new dictionary for the searcher along with the LeX icon generated by the indexer. The searcher is run by a web server and answers queries using dictionaries built by DopCopION, inverted indexes, and PageRanks.
From the perspective of distributed system, Google's search engine is a fascinating case study, which can handle extremely demanding high demand, especially in scalability, reliability, availability and security.
Scalability refers to the effective and efficient operation of distributed systems in different scales (from the intranet of small enterprises to the Internet). If the number of resources and users surge, the system can still maintain its effectiveness. There are three challenges to achieve scalability. (1) Control the cost of physical resources When the demand for resources increases, we should spend reasonable cost to expand the system to meet the requirements. For example, if a search engine server cannot handle all the access requirements, it is necessary to increase the number of servers in order to avoid performance bottlenecks.
In this respect, Google considers scalability in three dimensions: (1) being able to process more data (x) (2) being able to process more queries (y) (3) seeking better results (z). From the data in the Introduction, Google's search engine is undoubtedly very good in these aspects. However, in order to be scalable, other functions, including indexing, ranking, and searching, require highly distributed solutions. (2) Control the loss of performance When the distributed system deals with a large number of users or resources, it will produce a lot of data sets.
The management of these data sets has a great demand on the performance of the distributed system. In this case, the scalability of the hierarchical algorithm is obviously better than that of the linear algorithm, but the performance loss cannot be completely avoided. Because Google's search engine requires high interaction with users, it is necessary to achieve low latency as much as possible. Therefore, the better the performance is, the better the network search operation can be completed within 0.2S. Only in this way can Google make more profits from the sale of advertisements.
The annual advertising revenue is as high as US $32 billion, which shows that Google is superior to other search engines in the performance processing of related underlying resources, including network, storage and computing resources. (3) Prevent the exhaustion of software resources The search engine uses 32 bits as the network address. If there are too many Internet addresses, the Internet address will be exhausted. For this, Google does not have a good solution at present, because if we use 128-bit Internet address, there is no doubt that many software components need to be modified.
The availability of distributed system mainly depends on the extent to which new resource sharing services can be added and used by multiple clients. Because Google's search engine needs to handle the highest requirements in the shortest time in web crawling, indexing and sorting, availability is also a strong demand. To meet these needs, Google has developed a physical architecture. The middle layer defines a general distributed system infrastructure, which not only enables the development of new applications and services to reuse the underlying system services, but also provides integrity for Google's huge code database.
There are many information resources with high value to users in distributed system, so it is very important to protect the security of these resources. The security of information resources includes three parts: confidentiality (to prevent disclosure to unauthorized individuals), integrity (to prevent change or damage), availability (to prevent interference with the means of accessing resources) When investigating the security of Google's search engine, we found that Google has not been very successful in security, and even has publicly admitted to divulge user information to seek benefits, which also makes users use Google's software, information security can not be guaranteed.
The implementation of Google file system is to meet the rapid growth of Google's big data processing and management needs. In addition to this demand, GFS faces the challenge of managing distribution and the risk of increased hardware failure. Ensuring safety of data as well as being able to scale up to thousands of computers while managing multiple terabytes of data can thus be considered the key challenges faced by GFS. So Google made an important decision not to use any of the existing distributed file systems. Instead it decided to develop a new file system.
The biggest difference with other file systems is that it optimizes the use of large files (i.e. Gigabyte to multi-terabyte), resulting in the majority of files is considered immutable, and can be read many times with only one write. A GFS cluster consists of a single master and multiple chunk servers and is accessed by multiple clients. These machines are common Linux process machines that can run user level server processes. As long as the user's resources allow the block server and client to run on one machine at the same time.
The stored files are divided into fixed size blocks, each with a globally unique 64-bit chunk handle. Chunk servers store on local disks as Linux files?It can read and write at the same time. Chunk data which is assigned by chunk handle and data range. To improve GFS performance, every chunk needs to be replicated to at least three servers. Chunk master maintains the metadata of the whole GFS. In a certain period, the chunk master will ask every chunk server to upload state through HeartBeat messages. Data bearing communication, which does not need to be linked to the Linux Vnode layer, directly connects to the chunk server.
Neither the client nor the chunk server caches file data. This approach without storing data not only avoids the inability to cache because the working set is too large, but also makes the client and the whole system consistent. The buffer of Linux stores all the frequently accessed data in memory, so chunk servers do not need to cache file data, which greatly improves the performance and speed of GFS.
The setting and selection of communication protocols is very important for the overall design of a system. Google adopts a simple, minimal and efficient remote call protocol. Communication of the remote call protocol requires a serialization component to transform the procedure call data. So, Google developed a protocol buffer, which is a simplified, high-performance serialization component. Google also uses a separate protocol to publish and subscribe.
Protocol buffers focuses on data description and subsequent data serialization. It wants to provide a simple, efficient, extensible way to specify and serialize data independent of language and platform. The serialized data can be stored, transferred, or any scenario that needs to serialize the data format. There are three reasons why Google chose to use protocol buffers. The disadvantage of Google's design is that it's not as expressive as XML.
Because protocol buffers cannot fully meet Google's requirements for communication, the designer also uses publish subscribe. It can ensure that distributed events can be sent to a large number of potential customers in real time and reliably. The main reason it is used is to support Google's advertising system. Google's publish subscribe uses a theme-based approach that emphasizes reliable and timely delivery. In this way, although communication can be effectively implemented, it will cause additional overhead.
Google search engine can achieve the fastest speed and the most efficient retrieval mode without taking up too many resources, no matter in the distributed system architecture, the way of management scalability, availability and security, or in the way of communication. I think the core technology that Google search engine can complete the whole retrieval requirements in 0.2S is Google's unique distributed file system. At the stage of Google's design of Google file system, the goal is to provide redundancy for the storage of massive data on cheap but low reliability computers.
Because the distributed file system Google wants needs to meet the application and workload of Google, the designer designed the Google File System (GFS) on the premise of high component failure rate, high throughput and low latency. The framework and basic operation of GFS are introduced in 3.1. It can be seen that the biggest difference between GFS and other distributed file systems is the use of a single primary device. Because the traditional distributed file system will have a single point of failure and throughput bottleneck.
In order to avoid these failures, GFS weakens the main device and never moves data (excluding metadata), and establishes a cache on the server. Only when the data changes, can the primary device agent replicate the data. Although the design is simple, it is good enough. At the same time, the system has high fault tolerance.
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Get custom essayIn the event of a system error or failure, the primary device and block server can be restarted in a few seconds, and there are at least three replicas for block replication. In addition, the main device is hidden. GFS also has some problems of reducing efficiency. At present, Google has more than 450000 devices, but only 1 / 3 of them are really effective. This brings Google a lot of extra cost, extra energy and extra space. I think that since GFS can achieve high performance at low cost, the next problem to be solved is to reduce unnecessary cost.
A self driving car is one that has the capability of sensing its environment and drive itself from a starting point to a predetermined destination without human input. It uses various in-vehicle technologies and sensors to perceive their surroundings including adaptive cruise control, active steering (steer by wire), anti-lock braking systems (brake by wire), GPS navigation technology, laser lights and also radar. Advanced control systems decipher sensory data to recognize proper route ways and in addition impediments and significant signage.
Get original essayImagine having the capacity to take off work on Friday, go home, pack, get in the auto and rest. The before you know it, you wake up in an altogether new place. Individuals will have the capacity to movement considerably more distant in a similar measure of time when they can rest as opposed to driving. Trips that would require an extended three-or four-day end of the week should be possible amid a typical end of the week.
The driverless autos without bounds will have inside confronting seating so bunches travelling together can talk and cooperate all the more effortlessly. There'll be no motivation to dependably sit looking ahead. The emphasis will be on getting a charge out of the adventure in a radical new manner.
Electric autos are winding up more mainstream since they kill the requirement for fuel. All things considered, electric autos require a type of characteristic asset. Having the capacity to gather sun oriented vitality disposes of this need and offers an eco-accommodating arrangement that will likewise have a constructive outcome on our economy.
I'm most anticipating having an expansion to my front room. The manner in which you utilize the space in an auto will be much all the more loosening up when you don't need to be in the driver's seat. I can imagine playing games with my family or perusing more.
There is much discussion about enlarged reality windshields in light of the fact that there is a worry of the innovation obstructing the driver's view. Driverless autos will change this and offer travelers the capacity to call enlarged reality screens a la the Iron Man motion pictures.
Driverless autos will have the capacity to advance vitality exhausted amid the drive. Manners by which they could enhance current outlines incorporate having the capacity to cleverly switch between gathering travel on expressways and autonomous route on nearby streets and the capacity to facilitate with different autos to limit braking, quickening, sitting and other terrible driving practices.
One of the principle highlights I figure driverless autos will offer travelers is the capacity to take a gander at the driver's past examples and make a driver persona of sorts. This will help in customization, bringing about a higher joy remainder
Self-sufficient vehicles will highlight in-vehicle installments to, from and among vehicle proprietors, armada proprietors and rideshare members. This likewise incorporates outsiders like an automaker's fund arm, guarantors, toll administrators, fuel stations and snappy administration eateries.
Driverless autos open up numerous conceivable outcomes for car plan, yet there are as yet commonsense contemplations. Despite the fact that self-sufficient vehicles will be requests of extent more secure than standard autos, a large portion of people in general most likely won't be OK with unadulterated self-governance. Driverless autos will require a manual supersede, and that implies any outline needs to represent the coordinations of a human administrator, much the same as they do today.
Driverless autos are controlled by AI innovation, so it's solitary legitimate to expect that its effects won't stop at driving the autos. AI will give us a radical new affair when driving. I can dare to dream and envision that highlights, for example, rest chambers, workstations and excitement centers will turn into the new standard in each auto trip.
There are some easily overlooked details, similar to AV sensor misread safe puddles of dilute as potholes and slowing down for no reason. At the present time, most self-driving autos are befuddled by harsh weather. Heavy rainsfall interfere with sensors and snow on the ground makes it difficult for vehicles to peruse lines out and about. Likewise, all the little mix-ups that Google Maps or Siri make should be dealt with as well. Boss among driverless auto issues is ensuring the vehicles aren't effectively tricked. The important objective of the self-driving movement is to make streets more secure by taking out human mistake. Different sources predict that autonomous vehicles could keep somewhere in the range of 75% to 90% of the car crashes we endure every year. In any case, steering from the individual in the vehicle doesn't generally mean people are out of the condition. It just means all the imagine a scenario in which situations have just been modified by the general population who sent the vehicle forward. Furthermore, that should incorporate programming for some quite terrible problems. For instance, if several children ran out before your vehicle, it might need to pick between swerving at the danger of your wellbeing or remaining on its way at the danger of theirs. The runaway trolley paradox and other conceivable self-ruling decisions have a few organizations working with specialists on reasoning about how to explore moral binds in split-second responses.
Self-driving cars are the most challenging automation project ever undertaken. Driving requires a great deal of processing and decision making, which must be automated. On top of that, there are many unpredictable external factors that must be accounted for, and therefore many ways in which the driving environment must change. Here are a few surveys from client.
First and foremost, clients said that to make self-driving autos safe, they additionally require better streets and framework. Cars are overwhelming, quick moving object, working openly spaces. Wellbeing is to a great extent the duty of the driver, who should constantly watch, break down, choose, and act. Not exclusively do drivers need to pursue the standards of the street, yet they likewise need to speak with one another and other street clients to explore vague or challenged circumstances; consider how you wave or gesture to somebody to flag "You go first. " Self-driving cars likewise need to explore a domain that is imparted to walkers who here and there cross the street without looking, cyclists, creatures, lifeless things and obviously whatever components the climate brings. Road infrastructure, controls, and driving traditions fluctuate from nation to nation, even city to city, and are directed by a variety of bodies. So it's not clear which establishments have the power and reach to manage and institutionalize the driving condition, in the event that they even exist. Streets are altogether different from airspac, which is administered by ground-breaking worldwide administrative bodies, has far less activity, and has high authorizing principles for pilots. However, a portion of the clients said that driverless autos will enable us to diminish mischances, spare time spent on driving, and make more individuals versatile. The locally available innovation is growing quickly, however we're entering a change arrange in which we have to contemplate how it will collaborate with human drivers and the more extensive driving condition. During this period, the key inquiry we ought to ask isn't when will self-driving autos be prepared for the streets, yet rather which streets will be prepared for self-driving cars. In the long run, clients trusts that autonomous vehicle innovation can possibly enhance driver security and we have just observed firsthand the advantages of semi-self-governing highlights like forward-impact cautioning with programmed braking.
Yet, we likewise have genuine worries around a few parts of semi-self-governing frameworks, including those which enable an auto to direct for itself, and trust automakers should find a way to guarantee that vehicles with these systems are outlined, conveyed, and showcased securely.
While numerous individuals think about the comfort and openness that self driving cars will offer, we overlook that like numerous extravagances, this will come at the expense of security. Self-driving cars depend on a plenty of sensors and information so as to both guarantee a sheltered ride and furthermore give you the advantageous highlights that many will search for in AV's. This postures two issues. To start with, by holding the learning of your area consistently, your auto could be a significant wellspring of data to a programmer. On the off chance that you are in every case away at a specific time of day, a programmer could know the ideal time of day to break into your home.
Second, by giving you the comfort of basically tolerating the main stop that the auto recommends, this could enable advertisers to utilize your own data for amazingly exact showcasing. In addition to a personal privacy, there is a question regarding what the lawful point of reference will be for turning this information over to law requirement bodies. As of late there was the subject of the FBI endeavoring to constrain Apple to open an iPhone. It is an Apple item, notwithstanding, the information on the gadget is the property of the person. Could the legislature propel Ford to decode the information on a self driving auto so as to figure out where somebody has gone and where they will most likely go? At first it appears as though it would be sensible for law implementation to acquire information associated with a criminal or fear based oppressor, in any case, this has suggestions for the general shopper too. In the event that the organization basically works in a secondary passage that gives them access to ones information, this implies there is an indirect access that a vindictive programmer could access. In principle, an organization should fabricate security that not by any means the makers could go around with a specific end goal to best ensure clients' information, this may incorporate a few crooks yet it likewise covers a lion's share of lawful clients that basically need their own data shielded from noxious gatherings. The political toon beneath shows this thought.
I imagine that it will be essential that we direct a base satisfactory level of security with regards to this information, like the base wellbeing benchmarks put on vehicles today. The selection of shrewd innovation has as of now prompt various security and wellbeing worries in our every day lives and with the presentation of AV's, these worries will just develop. Security enactment has dependably been hard to nail down on the grounds that it is such an extreme thing to guarantee, nonetheless, it is an inquiry that we should deliver so as to securely progress into a world ruled via self-sufficient vehicles.
81% is the level of accidents which are caused by driver error by riding a traditional car. 8 out of 10 accidents are because of terrible driving, it bodes well to wipe out the essential driver of an occurrence. Regularly, this wouldn't be conceivable as a human should be in the driver's seat to work a vehicle. Because of driverless engines, a PC will assume control over the obligation and expel the peril out of the condition. All things considered, by riding a traditional car approximately 90 individuals kicked the bucket multi day in 2016 because of a car accident. With driverless cars, the number would therapist to 28.
The estimation of a driverless auto will be $5, 000 to $10, 000 higher in specific cases while traditional car is less expensive. The purpose behind this is the innovation. It is new age and untouchable, and it expenses to fuse into a vehicle. Subsequently, the producers need to recover their expenses to make it a feasible business adventure.
The issue with this compared with driverless cars is the loss of time. As the driver needs to work the vehicle, they can't perform multiple tasks and spare time while out and about. Truth be told, such things are viewed as illegal in numerous nations around the globe. For example, chatting on the telephone. It leaves the 'passenger' allowed to do other things. For instance, you could accept telephone assembles and conferences or shoot business messages. You could even sit back and read a book or watch a film on the iPad conmpared to traditional car driver need to center around the street to keep away from accidents.
If humans wanted to sit in the passenger seat, they would never bother passing their test. Like it or not, there is a buzz and a sense of achievement when you get behind the wheel. A traditional car is real driving, and a driverless one is synthetic. To some people, it might not be an issue, but it is a massive sticking point for proper drivers.
There are always pros and cons in every single thing. One of the pros in autonomous vehicle is cost savings associated with time. According to Forbes, when a computer takes over the driving responsibilities, drivers can use that time to do other things such as chatting with passengers without having to worry too much about road safety. Having autonomous vehicles also helps those disabled individuals, who have to rely on public transportation or assistance from others to get around. As suggested by the New York Times, they could reap the benefits of self-driving vehicles with new freedom and enhanced mobility.
Proceeding to the cons of autonomous vehicles, the very security behind self-driving vehicle would be a major obstacle. This is because according to the Guardian, the technology would be of a very high interest to hackers. Besides that, those vehicles might not be able to operate at a high level of safety in all weather conditions. Based on Business Insider, heavy rain can do serious damage to the laser sensor mounted on vehicles’ roof.
As I would like to think, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) will be financially accessible in Malaysia in 2030s, yet will at first cost millions Ringgit Malaysia in annualized expenses and ready to self-drive just on assigned interstates in great climate, thus will mostly be bought by rich, longer-remove drivers. Like most robotized systems, self-sufficient vehicles will frequently be disappointing. Like robotized vehicle route systems, they will once in a while pick imperfect courses. Like PCs, they will some of the time stop suddenly, requiring a reboot or master intercession. Like computerized phone frameworks and bank machines, they will regularly be befuddling and require additional time and exertion to utilize. It will likely be the 2040s or 2050s preceding independent vehicles are adequately moderate and solid that most new vehicle purchasers will buy vehicles with self-driving capacity and the 2060s preceding most vehicle travel is self-governing.
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Get custom essayThis innovation will most likely add to various accidents, bringing about modest net wellbeing benefits. For security purpose, they will regularly travel slower than human-driven autos, prompting movement delays. Self-driving navigates may end up reasonable and basic in urban focuses, yet in rural and country territories most family units will proceed to claim individual as opposed to shared vehicles. Self-sufficient vehicles won't dislodge the requirement for strolling, cycling and open travel; despite what might be expected, productivity and value require open approaches. For example, effective street estimating and High Occupancy vehicle carpool lanes to support sharing and keep self-governing driving from expanding complete vehicle travel, movement clog and vitality utilization.
This case study aims to highlight the issue of accusation by Friends of the Earth International (FOEI) on Wilmar International Limited (WIL), for not being environmentally and socially responsible in their oil palm plantation situated in Sambas, Indonesia. Major allegations made by FOEI includes land clearing through burning, unlawfully rainforests logging, disregarding the rights and consent of the local community with customary rights as well as not adhering to the standards of forest conversion by the Round Table on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO).
Get original essayWIL on the other hand strongly opposes the accusation and stand their ground by insisting that the findings by FOEI were unsupported since there was no official statement produced by the company’s spokesperson. The company’s obligation and determination towards sustainable oil palm development and production was misinterpreted and hence resulted in the misunderstanding of WIL.
Firstly, with regards to the issue of land clearing as a result of burning, FOEI pointed out evidence of unlawful burning practices has been carried out to pave the way for oil palm plantation. With that, WIL responded with claims that sabotaging their plantation together with allegations of 2,300 hectares of land being burnt down was not true. Furthermore, both the company and local authority provided documentation that the total area of forestry affected by the fire was significantly lesser as compared to what was previously reported by FOEI.
Secondly, the issue of illegal land clearing without prior notice given to both the local community was another accusation WIL faced. WIL addressed the accusation by highlighting the fact that they have approached several government bodies and experts of the field. In doing so, WIL managed to obtain mandatory legal and professional documents before the commencement of their development.
Thirdly, Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) of the soil properties in WIL plantation was allegedly not done properly, and it contributes to the spreading of fire that increases carbon emission. WIL concluded that they had hired professional consultants to conduct the EIA, and with their cutting-edge R&D department, they found no evidence that links the soil properties to the spread of fire that causes deforestation and increases carbon emission. Fourthly, WIL denies they have developed their plantation in High Conservation Values (HCV) areas.
In the areas of riparian reserves that serves as the habitat for river organisms and filtration points of the river, development is strictly prohibited to preserve their ecological function, making them an HCV area. WIL contested the comment and insisted that there is no encroachment done to the larger Sambas river and they only build a drainage system in smaller streams that are practiced widely in agriculture. WIL strongly opposes all the above accusation, stating that they have approached multiple government bodies and experts in requiring the needed legal and professional document before commencing their development.
WIL insisted that an incident in Sambas only cannot standardize the company's social and environmental responsibility as a whole. There seem to be a lot of areas in the comments exchange between WIL and FOEI that could have been approached differently and more in-depth, especially when the activity has the involvement of the government.
There are a few stakeholders in the case study, and by using the stakeholder typology in the analysis of this case study, we can identify four major stakeholders. Typology focuses on three main attributes which are legitimacy, power, and urgency. However, when these attributes are superimposed, seven stakeholders can be identified.
Firstly, typology identified FOEI as the dependent stakeholder since it is the world’s largest grassroots environmental network. Globally, FOEI has over two million loyal supporters who campaigns on the current environmental and social problem. Not only that, FOEI garners support from international groups that can provide ombudsman services such as RSPO as well as International Finance Corporation (the private arm of the World Bank).
As such, FOEI can easily outnumber WIL when it comes to campaigning for a cause by gaining the necessary power and movement which could potentially influence business in plantation areas in both South East Asia and Europe. Secondly, European countries and corporations like Unilever and Nestle, are definitive stakeholders. European countries are one of the world’s largest palm oil importers. Fuel by the growing demand for palm oil-related products, the number of oil palm plantation had seen a significant increase, ultimately making the European countries one of the reasons for the increase of environmental and social destruction.
However, an increase in awareness of the environmental and social impact of palm oil plantation by FOEI Netherlands led to an increment in knowledge towards environmental issues. Thus, a vast majority of business leaders from different trades may choose not to important palm oil from WIL. Members of the European public may also choose, sometimes more costly alternative as a result of increased awareness of the impact of their consumer behavior. The shift of consumer preference and awareness result in significant economic repercussion on WIL which ultimately affects their businesses and tarnish their reputation.
Thirdly, Indonesian authorities are also a definitive stakeholder. Their role as law enforcers upholds the regulation on forest clearance and set approval of EIA for companies to deforest sustainably. If allegations towards WIL are found to be truthful, the Indonesian authorities have the rights to reject WIL’s operation on certain lands.
A new corporation that offers a harmonious relationship with nature and the local society can easily replace WIL in the affected plantation development area. The Indonesian government can also prevent WIL from penetrating and growing in the Indonesian market or conduct a more thorough check on the company’s environmental and social reputation, before allowing them to set foot in the local market.
Lastly, local community living in the affected area are also important dependent stakeholders. They are the ones directly affected by the activity of oil palm plantation, and if not handled properly, they may gain power through media and activist group, to investigate the business malpractice in the area. Even though they lack power as the mass population around the project area may be not well-educated, the sound of a united community addressing a common issue will bring a change to their stakeholder status, making them very powerful in the decision-making process.
WIL is very defensive in their stand on the issue highlighted in FOEI’s draft findings. They claimed that most of the allegations were unsupported and are of a nature of defamation. Overall their response was not entirely transparent with much of the legal processes and evidence exempted.
For example, WIL claimed that they will not intentionally set fire on their plantation and that most of the fires are accidental due to the drought that made the field more fire-prone. Their claims were not substantiated with any official documentation of such incident, especially from the fire department or the Department of Environment and Forestry, making their response unable to de-escalate the uproar created by FOEI.
In the matter of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) report, WIL could have disclosed the profile of the professional consultant they employed and provide scientific data to support their response. WIL is proud of their R&D department achievement in soil management, but it did not address FOEI’s concern on carbon emission due to fire-prone soil properties, making the justification superficial and not informative.
The poor management of communication towards FOEI queries may spark more doubts about the transparency of WIL on their information control. WIL responses also show that they are taking the confrontational approach in engaging FOEI as they are repeatedly challenging the findings of FOEI. Furthermore, the handling of the issues was done on two separate occasions, leading to a lot of contradictions in both responses.
In a nutshell, lapses in the comments and also in the passing of legal documents by local government have made WIL’s attempt to resolve the issue harder. The company should seek to compile most of their information needed to make a better, complete and comprehensive report before replying to FOEI.
In response to FOEI’s allegations, WIL should engage with FOEI and the local government and society collectively, conduct a constructive dialogue, mediation and discussion to find common ground and solutions more constructively and communicatively. This cooperative approach will provide a platform for the exchange of ideas and values, and ultimately a memorandum of understanding can be reached. WIL should resolve the issue by speaking to each affected stakeholder, understand their needs and motives to address the issue in the macro level.
Besides that, the inclusion of the government agencies will help to streamline the process of acquiring permits, EIA and also help to identify HCV areas prohibited from development. Most of the legal and political issues faced by WIL arise from the gaps of governmental bodies as WIL needs to account to different governmental agencies for different permits or licenses. A more centralized government body can be established with the help of WIL to increase the efficiency of legal adherence and enforcement. This implementation can also benefit both the government and WIL as documentation of data will be more accurate, and procedures will be more standardized, reducing contradictory laws and public confusion.
In the context of FOEI, they seek so sought justice for the community in Sambas and reduce the effect of global warming that arises from the carbon emission due to open burning in Sambas plantation area. On the contrary, WIL also seeks to improve their environmental and social impact at the project site, while at the same time clarify and resolve the issues highlighted.
The company should provide more evidence to justify their claims on the issue of sustainable business development. By being transparent about their work processes, providing scientific data from certified professional and proactively invite FOEI personnel and other third-party professionals to inspect the plantation site will promote mutual trust and respect that will help to alleviate the tension between the two parties.
To tackle the environmental challenges of its business operations, WIL has to collaborate with the government and the local society, constantly watch out for any signs of environmental issues arises in the plantation area. The local community can serve as a watchful eye for WIL and also whistle-blowers to ombudsman organization if any of WIL’s employee engage in unlawful operation. Education on the impact of their actions like open burning or illegal deforestation through workshops organized by WIL, which presumably will reduce a significant amount of unsustainable practice deforestation.
With the empowerment of knowledge, the local community will be able to exercise their rights and negotiate better in a dialogue with the development corporation. By working on the ground with the community, WIL can build a stronger relationship with the locals, effectively improve the communication and cooperation of both parties in issues like reducing open burning practices to mitigating boundary issues amongst villagers.
Mutualistic cooperation with the government is also very important as in the context of 2007, WIL has to account to multiple government agencies that led to miscommunication and practice lapses. With laws laid out smoothly and procedures standardized, WIL will be able to retrieve past permit approval records or any other legal documents easily if an incident like this happens again.
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Get custom essayWIL is also advisable to engage with international organizations that focus on environmental issues and provide guidelines and certification. With the inclusion of an international environmental institution, it will allow WIL to gain a reputation of trust and the involvement of such a neutral institution will serve as the auditing firm, constantly keeping in check with the practices in the project area.
This company I have chosen to write this paper on is Google’s code of ethics (COE) to determine whether it meets the requirements for corporate social responsibility (CSR), complies with the legal mandates and the implications for non-compliance. Google's code of ethics does not exhaustively cover its commitment to corporate social responsibility. Although it specifies the obligation of employees, including the ethical principles and values, as well as workplace behaviour, it fails to mention ways in which the corporation would contribute to environmental protection, improvement of social services in the society, and the financial gain to the government and employees. It does not specify whether the company will be accountable for the impact it has on the society, environment, and the economy. Google’s COE complies with the legal mandates. The corporation explicitly affirms the company’s commitment and obligations when in regards to compliance with the set laws and regulations. It describes the various competitions, insider trading, and anti-bribery laws. Moreover, the code defines the responsibility of employees in complying with the laws and listed corporate values that govern the business. The code of ethics covers workplace conduct, the ethical principles that employees and other stakeholders should abide by. All corporations have a legal requirement to comply with the set laws, regulations, and standards that govern their business. Failing to live up to the federal and state guidelines can have severe consequences. Beyond changing the legal status of the company, non-compliance exposes a company to lawsuits, government audiences, huge fines, and punishment, or even dissolution of the business. Google has developed a precise mechanism for reporting violations. It has enacted a no-retaliatory policy that allows employees to feel safe to report any infringement of the company policies, code, or legal mandates. It has an ethics and compliance committee that handles cases of employees who feel that they are retaliated for reporting violations. The second ethical safeguard is ways of avoiding conflict of interest. The code of ethics lists potential areas where such issues may arise and provides a direction of how employees may approach such situations. It bars employees from engaging in an activity that leads to a conflict of interest and directs them to examine the issue with their managers, as well as ethics and compliance committee.
Get original essayA COE is an effective tool that companies use to develop an ethical culture. Google’s COE supports the development of ethical behaviour in the organization. As a written code, it provides guidelines and expectations for the conduct of employees. It lays out ways in which employees can avoid conflict of interest and the steps they can take to address such issues. The COE further specifies the conduct in the workplace and emphasizes the firm’s commitment to being an equal opportunity employer and creating a positive work environment. It also provides guidelines on how employees can serve customers by observing integrity, being responsive and useful, observing privacy, and taking action. Over and above, the COE requires employees to observe financial integrity in recording transactions, hiring suppliers, reporting, and spending company money. Overall, the COE specifies the consequences of failing to comply with the guidelines. Consequently, it supports the development of an ethical culture. Employees raise ethical issues or concerns by contacting their managers, ethics and compliance committee, or the HR representatives. They can also submit their concerns through the Ethics and Compliance Helpline or through a government agency. Employees have various resources that they can use to raise ethical issues. They include managers, HR representatives, or the Ethics and Compliance Helpline. Among these resources, the ones I would probably use if the Ethics and Compliance Helpline and the HR representative. The organization remains committed to ensuring ethical and lawful behaviour. We require everyone to comply with all the relevant laws and regulations and the company’s ethical standards. This policy lays out how you can report unethical concern. Before reporting, ensure that:
You can report in writing or orally to your immediate manager, HR representative or the Ethics and Compliance committee or through a helpline. Reports should have enough information to aid in the investigation. If you believe that you have done the previous steps, but no action has been done, you should contact the board chairman. Every report or concern will be investigated with utmost confidentiality, but in some situations, the organization may disclose the issue to address or prevent similar issues in the future. No one will be retaliated against for reporting either in term of being discriminated, threatened or sacked. Anyone who threatens another employee for making the disclosure or reporting a concern will face disciplinary action that may lead to employment termination. However, the no-retaliation policy would not apply if the reporting is done with malicious intent. The company secretary and counsel bear the responsibility of enforcing the policy. Anyone with concerns about it should direct them to the compliance office. Whistleblowing has several advantages and disadvantages a person must decide before whistleblowing. It exposes the negative business practices that may damage the reputation of the firm or subject the organization to financial loss if the activities go undetected. Thus, paying whistle-blowers’ discourages organizations or individuals from engaging in fraudulent activities because they risk being exposed and punished for the same. Giving bounty rewards encourage other people to make disclosures and ultimately lead to enforcement. Although whistleblowing may expose wrong practices, it can be a costly endeavour in terms of the fines or lengthy court cases. Some cases often lead to criminal charges that in turn lower employee motivation and injure the reputation of a firm. Moreover, paying whistle-blowers’ may cause problems in the organizations because some of the individuals may be motivated by the financial benefits. It may lead to malicious reporting from uninformed and opportunistic individuals or parties that may lead to wrongful accusation of innocent parties.
Another negative of paying whistle-blowers’ arise from the fact that only a few individuals may receive the bounty rewards while a majority of the whistle-blowers’ who give out information that fails to culminate in enforcement receive nothing. The money paid to those who make disclosures is for the public. It is obtained from the penalties and disgorgements in SEC’s enforcement activities. Therefore, money that investors lost due is used to reward individual whistle-blowers’. Such action undermines the financial interests of the stakeholders. To add on that, paying whistle-blowers’ does not lead to behavioural change. On the contrary, individual rewards create a trend where other individuals will aspire to become whistle-blowers’ to receive the financial benefits. As a result, such payments may not create a cultural change in organizations. U.S. Sentencing Guidelines were enacted to deter and punish organizations that contravene the set rules and regulations that govern their business. The sentencing guidelines only cater for serious misdemeanours and criminal activities. They incentivize organizations to develop and implement more effective compliance to deter criminal activity and serious misdemours and avoid punishment or fines.
Considering that when a company proves that it had a strong ethics and compliance program, its potential liability reduces significantly in the event of conviction. The sentencing guidelines have enhanced corporate culture, government regulation, and punishment for the offenders. Many companies have bolstered their organizational culture to deter criminal activity. The guidelines have also strengthened the sentencing courts by laying out a structured and standard way of addressing corporate crime and punishing those culpable. Moreover, the regulations have increased the fines for the offender and expanded organizational liability to the shareholders. In overall, the guidelines have created an effective mechanism for encouraging companies to adopt ethical practices and comply. Organizational culpability is determined by several factors. The first one is prior history in violating the set laws and regulations. An organization that is found to have a history of contraventions is more likely to receive tougher sentencing or fines as opposed to one that does not have any prior history of violations. The second factor is tolerance of or participation in criminal activity. When the sentencing court establishes that a firm has directly involved itself or tolerated the misdoing, it may give a harsher punishment than a firm that did not involve itself in the fraudulent activity. The third factor is the ethics and compliance program. An organization can have its potential fine significantly reduced if it demonstrates that it had put in place all the necessary measures to avert the criminal activity.
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Get custom essayIn summary, Google COE complies with the legal requirements but lacks in the area of CSR. However, it nurtures an ethical culture by laying out acceptable business practices, guidelines, and responsibilities. The company has a clear policy on reporting unethical concerns as employees enjoy non-retaliation and can use several resources. Although paying whistle-blowers compels corporations to comply and develop ethical programs, others with malicious intent or motivated by financial gains may abuse it. Nonetheless, the sentencing guidelines have forced organizations to be compliant to avoid hefty punishment and fines. However, the degree of sentencing depends on the culpability factors, including previous history, involvement in criminal activity, and the existence of a compliance program.
As we knew the technology is changing our life day to day, especially with Smart Mobile and Devices. As we have many devices to communicate and to interconnectivity between system, Current hospital’s system are using computerized information to store data. But with changing Devices and technologies there is scope for delivering smarter information to administrator system. The study is focus on analyzing current hospital information system and finding areas for improvement, identifying newer technologies to fulfill requirement.
Get original essayNowaday’s Health Care Center are facing a critical challenge to manage financial and information related to patient. To delivering the right information to the right person at the right time which is most difficult task at health care center, any hospital will be able to improve the Services and make processes more efficient so that patient will get correct information. To Change Health Care Center into Smart Health Care Center System needs to take help from various smart devices which are present market and some may be coming in future. These various devices will help to Organization flow of data between systems and can be deliver better information to patients, care providers and also to doctors.
The study is based on comparison between different Health Care Information System, how they are being used currently in different areas and thus finding key areas for improvement. The study area is very broad and requires source of information to be gather from different fields.
With increasing population demand for Health Care management system are increasing. Most of major hospitals in India have adopted computerized hospital management information system. Individual department in Health Care have computerized information system but lack of stronger and smarter interconnectivity between them. But still with changing technology there is scope for improvement. A new generation of feature-rich, easy-to-use advanced devices like digital ECG (electrocardiogram), Ventilator system, wireless temperature counter, smart phones is keeping doctors organized and connected wherever they go and are helping to treat patient time to time so every patient will checked according to time.
Hospital Administration:The regular activities for administration include registration, appointment, admission, billing and discharge. Currently appointments with doctors are done using their fix schedule at hospitals. But there is always need to change as doctors always need to attend emergency patient on priority bases. There is always need for efficient, time saving means of communication between doctors, hospitals, patient and all other concern staff. We can manage this system by building collaborative system comprised of smart phones or tablets, automated scheduling mobile app which will be connected with appointment system at hospital and with all concern persons of health care center at particular time schedule so they will send or receive changes in schedule. We can use system like Aadhar Card to make patient’s basic entry at the time of emergency.
Doctors Module: As a hospital doctor, doctor should examine, diagnose and treat patients who have been referred to by physician and other health professionals. However, the following responsibilities are likely to be carried out on a daily or weekly basis, regardless of the doctor's specialty. Doctors can enhance their responsibility by using several new techniques.
Surgery: Doctors, specifically surgeons, are the only who can completely perform most surgical procedures. But first assistant nurses may suture, handle and cut tissue. Here, For example, Doctor Can able to send information about some pretest for any surgery to pathology lab directly from tab or pad, so that, patient can only just go and do the suggested test.
Diagnoses: In general, doctors provide the diagnoses in heath care center settings, while nurses provide nursing diagnoses, judgments about adjustments to daily patient care. Here, without coming directly contact with the body, Bio sensing Surface machines can monitor & diagnose patient.
Treatment: With the exception of surgery, doctors generally prescribe treatment in a hospital setting; Doctors may order therapy, injections and changes of dressing. The Touch robots are just one type of technology that enables telemedicine, in which the doctor and patient are in different locations. Telemedicine can help hospitals keep tabs on patients after they're discharged, making sure they follow instructions and avoid the need to be readmitted.
Laboratory: The Laboratory performs various tests under the following disciplines: Biochemistry, Cytology, Hematology, Microbiology, Serology, Neurology and Radiology. The Laboratory can be automated by enabling doctor to send online investigation request and the process involved in delivering the results to the concerned department/doctor of the hospital can also be automated. Touch based sensors as an interface can be used to ensure efficient use of time. Smart phones can be used to monitor current state as well as completed report.
Blood bank: Existing module in the Blood Bank Management System is deal with maintaining all information regarding the donors and recipients. Requirement of blood can be placed for schedule operative. In case of emergency just few click can send blood requirement along with place of requirement by automatically tracking device location (by GPS for distant location or device ID within same premises). In response blood bank can take immediate action based on priority of situation so as to ensure timely blood delivery.
With advances in digital medical equipments, wireless sensors it is possible to gather data timely and precisely. It is possible to create centralized system connecting each device in hospital further this system can be connected with smart phones/tablets thus enabling more monitoring and control of operations even from remote location. Process of automation can be enhance with reduced redundancy with help of centralized interconnected system.
In the field of Data Innovation, step by step there are expanding the different cases that isn't illicit, yet they are completely related as a moral issue. In this report, I might want to speak to a case identified with such moral issue and what shy of effect do the partners have considering this moral issue. I might want to speak to the ACS code of morals identifying with this moral issue too. Brief description of Case StudyTom, who was an understudy in database administration framework began his own consultancy two years prior. Not long after the business was initiated, he had been progressive to the point that, now there are numerous individuals who are working for him and also he has numerous customers. All the more frequently, his counselling programs incorporates how to set up corporate intranets, planning administration frameworks, and in addition giving encourage to his customers about the best security for their framework.
Get original essayPresently multi day, Tom is outlining a database administration framework for the Record division of a medium estimated Publicizing organization. Tom has made all the outlining of required Database administration framework for the workplace, he has additionally educated the chief of registering and the President of the Promoting organization with respect to the advancement of the framework. Presently this time is to settle on choices with respect to the sorts and level of security to assemble the framework. For this, Tom had portrayed about the different security framework accessible in the market to the customer. According to his depiction, the customer found that it will cost more for the framework with this security framework.
Since the framework will cost all the more then they arranged before, the customer has chosen to pick the choice for less expensive secure framework which was less anchored. Tom has conviction that the data that the framework will contain has truly significance and it is amazingly touchy too. That incorporates the saving money record of the organization and also all the staff individuals from the organization, pay rates, pay slips data and some more. On the off chance that the organization has such powerless security framework, at that point the representatives chipping away at this framework might have the capacity to make sense of approaches to gain admittance to the essential records. Tom trusts that the framework ought to have been provided with solid security framework. In light of this he has endeavoured to clarify the dangers, that may happen without the solid security framework however the Chief, the executive of Promoting organization said that our framework isn't associated on the web so that there won't be shot of any hacking endeavours inside our framework. Be that as it may, he couldn't have cared less about the odds of provisos for the worker, working for him.
Accordingly, he at long last needed Tom to make less anchor security framework for his organization. Presently Tom is in difficulty, figuring what he ought to do now. He at long last chose and made the framework with low security. Following couple of month it is discovered that the organization has been hacked by one of the worker inside the organization now. All the crucial record equalization and points of interest were stolen and defiled. Presently here comes a moral inquiry, whose blame is this? Who will oversee each one of those misfortunes?
This case needs very moral exchange. We are not quite the same as each other and we do have diverse individual impacts on our morals, yet as a calling, we share a typical methodology i. e. Australia PC society (ACS) code of morals. For this situation, here emerge numerous basic circumstance the same number of set of accepted rules of Australian Figuring Society (ACS) has been damaged. As indicated by ACS, there is code for Open Intrigue. Inside this code, there is trying to save the trustworthiness, security, progression and utility of ICT. For this situation think about, we can find that this code of morals has not been pursued. Essentially, the undertaking to protect the classification and security of the data of others is additionally has not been pursued. Not just that, as indicated by ACS, one must comprehend, and give due respect to, the view of those influenced by you work. This has found not been pursued. Here has been a genuine deceptive action on account of which the two organizations are specifically been hampered.
For this situation, I found that similar to an IT proficient, Tom, the executive of the Database administration outlining organization, has gone untrustworthy in his exercises. He couldn't have cared less about the moral code of behaviour lastly he chose to experience what the President needs. Being IT proficient, one take care of his business as well as ought to pursue the correct method for doing thing which are said under code of morals by ACS with the goal that nobody will be casualty of any kind of tasks. Despite the fact that he had specified about the conceivable hazard that the COE may pick up soon. Eventually, he ought to have pursued what is the wright way, not just what the customers need. This was not the method for expert reaction. With this action, we can find that he doesn't have the right to call as an IT polished skill. He was not following the correct way that he ought to do as indicated by ACS set of principles.
Additionally, being the Chief of the Publicizing organization likewise has dependable to make the touchy piece of the framework secure and progressed. With his thoughtlessness, the majority of alternate representatives are influenced. He didn't comprehend, and give due respect to, his representative. This accordingly has hampered every one of the workers and the costumers of this organization and the proprietor was particularly influenced by this case. This was the fundamental moral case.
While looking towards right this that ought to have done, we can find that Tom, the executive of the database administration organization ought to have declined to the venture as he realized that the task was not enduring long. At any rate he ought to have amend choice and examination in regards to what is happening and what the outcomes of this activity going to be. He ought to have realized that who will be influenced and how. He ought to have endeavoured to persuade the President with the goal that he ought to need to introduce the solid security to the framework. In any event Tom ought to have locate the best alternative for the President, telling him about the similarly shabby however solid security framework. Alongside that, he could have make the total arrangement of the venture alongside security framework and after that begin the task just if the customer is fulfilled by their arrangement. This in turns, would have limited the danger of emerging such moral issues.
To aggregate up, from this contextual investigation we came to examinations that the developer Tom ought to have pursued the ACS code of behaviours in his calling without searching just for the individual benefit. This case is additionally for the Chief who was imprudent and not faithful to his association as in such touchy piece of the workplace he disregard the solid security framework. I can find that just like an IT proficient, Tom ought to have made such business arrangements that incorporates every one of the undertakings of the framework with certain cost before beginning the task. This would not hamper any one neither the IT proficient, nor the customers. This in the long run diminishes the odds of bringing such moral issues.
Google is one of the largest, most successful and well- known media companies in the world, with more than 60.000 employees in more than 50 countries, owning and providing services like Gmail, Google Maps, Google Chrome, Android, of course the Google Search and many more.
Get original essay“The Google story begins in 1995 at Stanford University. Larry Page was considering Stanford for grad school and Sergey Brin, a student there, was assigned to show him around.” as it is written on the webpage of Google. In 1995 Sergey Brin was already studying at Stanford University and Larry Page was thinking about studying there. In 1996 they started to work on a search engine project called BackPub. The name BackPub comes from the procedure how the software works, because it ranks web pages according to how many back- links they have. Larry and Sergey launched the software in March 1996 from Larry’s own Stanford home page. To be able to use and sort the data BackPub gathered, they developed a page rank algorithm. While they were analysing the results of BackPub, which consisted of ranked backlinks Larry and Sergey noticed that their software, based on page ranking produced better, more useful results than already existing techniques. This search engine continued to work from Stanford’s servers for a year. After this period, on the 15th of September 1997 Google.com was registered. Google’s name comes from a mathematical term googol. It is number. 1 followed by 100 zeros. “It is rumoured that this reflects the founders' mission to organize the infinite amount of information on the internet.” In August 1998 a check for $100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim was written for the yet not already existing company. The founders opened a bank account and continued working with the investment of Bechtolsheim. On the 4th of September 1998 Google was incorporated as a private company. Their first famous office was a garage in Menlo Park, California.
After a year in 1999, the company moved from the garage to its new office at 165 University Avenue, Palo Alto. They needed to move, because in 1999 they already had 8 employees and of course their famous team member Yoshka, the dog. Later, Google got an offer of $25 Million from Kleiner Perkins Caufield and Byers and Sequoia Capital, because they have seen the potential in the company. After a year Google was already Yahoo’s search engine. Google’s results surprised all rivals. At those days the company’s only income came from licencing its technology, they focused narrowly on algorithmic search. In the following couple of years Google went on with growth. They hired engineers, scientists, sales and marketing people and moved to their new headquarter in Mountain View, California, which is a huge campus called The Googleplex. On the other hand, during the years Page and Brin made many attempts to sell the company to Yahoo, Excite, and many other companies from the Silicon Valley for a price of $1 Million. As Brian O’Connell wrote, fortunately, for both the founders, all the employees and invertors none of the attempts came to realization and Google kept its hold on the search engine market. Google went public in 2004 and became one of the biggest media companies. It launched Google News in 2002, Gmail in 2004, Google Maps in 2005, Google Chrome in 2008, Google+ in 2011 and many other.
As mentioned above Google has become one of the largest, most well- known and most successful media companies in the world, but how did it manage it, what were or are the factors of the success? “Perhaps there is no greater testament to Google’s success than the fact that it has become a verb.” In my view there are 4 main sources of the success, these are:
As the internet expanded the need for a tool, a proper search engine, which gathers and orders the information on the web grew as well. Prototypes and already existing search engines used keyword frequency as a base for their rankings which leaded to irrelevant listings and frustration among users. Using this software, one needed to read through an average of 10 finding to get to the thing he was looking for. This problem was solved in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin. Their original business was sorting and the growing amount of information with algorithms. What is more, their software gave scores to the findings, given by specific criteria. So instead of employing human capital to review the results they developed a page ranking system. This system preferred pages linked to each other. The more reference there was, the more important the given page was. This criteria helped to determine on which place the found page could be displayed among the search engine results. It quickly turned out, that using this idea instead of word count is able to provide better results than existing software on the market. Of course, Google’s search engine went through and still goes through upgrades to give users more appropriate results. “Because it started strong and just kept getting better and better.”
As Mohit Tater describes in his article about the business model of Google, the important element of Google’s business model, that differentiates Google is the fact that it uses a multi- sided business model. It means that although Google provides a free search engine for usual user, it gathers uncountable data about almost everyone that could be used for business purpose. Google also needs to generate income, just like other businesses. That is why it is focusing on advertisement. On the contrary, advertisements are not the only source of revenue. Google attracts visitors and sells advertisement places at the same time. The business model works like this: Google analysis the user’s online behaviour and uses this information. From this data Google builds up its value proposition. According to Mohit Tater, there are 3 value propositions from which the business model is built up. There are different value propositions for different users, they actually follow the same philosophy, which is providing targeted advertising.
Value proposition number 1. The first group targeted is webmasters or people who have a website. Google aims to help them earning money from their content. Blogger.com is also provided by Google. This is a free platform for those who don’t want to have an own, separate website, but want to reach potential customers and want to be reached by others. Another software for this purpose is called AdSense. AdSense also helps content creators to earn money. The working mechanism of AdSense is the following: It allows publishers to have Google ads on their website, so that they could generate money from that. By using this software, the content creator becomes a partner of Google and receives a percentage of the revenue generated by his or her website. This partnership is beneficial for both Google and for the individual, because Google can show ads on other pages not just on its own and the individual gets attention.
Value proposition number 2. The second service is for advertisers. They are individuals with an own business, the need to be reached by customers faster and the willingness to pay for it. Google has the largest network for online advertisement and was able to catch the advertisement market, not like Bing or Yahoo. The so-called AdWords software is responsible for this achievement. Advertisers, at any size, so start-ups, smaller businesses and even huge companies can promote their service using Google ads. Advertisers have the opportunity to customise their online advertisement campaign according to their plan of price and return. They can set keywords, whom and where they want to advertise. The targeting service of Google AdWords helps for demand and supply to meet. It ensures that only ads relevant results are shown. Thanks to the multi-sided platform, Google have a major source of revenue. This source is advertising. The more ads are displayed, the more Google makes from advertisers. But advertisers cannot just easily buy an ad space from Google, they have to go through a differentiation process set by AdWords. This approach puts the company in a supreme position. “AdWords looks into the popularity of the keywords and the narrowness level of the target audience, and then proposes a biding price per advertisement impression, cost per installation and cost per click”. Of course, with a higher search volume and a greater popularity comes a higher price, that needs to be payed for the service. In conclusion, Google’s revenue from AdWords makes it possible for the company to provide free software, which is value proposition number 3, such as the search engine, Gmail, and AdSense the program that encourages creators to use the service of Google, so that it could succeed in online business, and of course enables all the products and services of Google to be improved continuously.
Improving and upgrading is crucial these days in the life of a company. Usually it means keeping up with trends. This is not completely the case with Google. Although, they are refining processes, adding new designs and option, they always pay significant attention to innovation. As I experienced, while using and researching Google products, innovation plays an important role in the life of the company. Google stresses the importance of it and encourages employees to be creative. The result of this behaviour can be noticed easily: technology that we can wear, driverless cars, mobile operating system, drone delivery system and many more. As money isn’t the key driver of the company anymore, because of the advertising revenue, it can focus on creating new things. A usual process at Google involves creating a beta version of a program or project, releasing it and constantly gathering information and learning from customer data and feedbacks.
Firstly, they heavily invest in research. Billions of dollars are spent yearly on research and development. Google usually invites scientists and university professors to its headquarter to give presentations or to work with the amount of data Google gathers. Google also invites small and young businesses, start-ups to use the data and work with Google members in order to help them work out or to refine their ideas. Companies like these include Slack, Nest, 23andMe and Walker and Company. On the other hand, Google doesn’t just help these firms but learns from them. And secondly, this attitude to innovation is present on all level and is reinforced to everyone. The best example of this behaviour at Google is the so-called 20 percent rule, which means that employees should spend 20 percent of their work time with ideas, projects that they find interesting. (The rule will be explained in more detail later) This approach and this particular rule has led to the existence of Google News, Gmail and AdSense. The attitude is the following: as long as there is possibility to benefit from the idea or to create something new the company will give it a try. This mentality of Google is supported by its famous governance structure and company culture, which are in my opinion the 4th and substantial part of the success.
First of all, let me introduce both the governance structure and the company culture Google has and then go in detail with how they play an important role in Goggle’s success.
The following part about the governance structure of Google refers to Scott Thomson’s ideas. Google hasn’t got an unusual corporate structure other than some unique leadership positions like Chief Culture Officer and Chief Internet Evangelist. A board od directors oversees the company gives instructions to the executive management group. The executive management group is responsible for department such as engineering, products, legal, finance and sales, but these department are also divided into smaller ones.
Originally a corporate structure is built like this: there are usual employees at the bottom, supervisors oversee them, who are overseen by middle management and above all there is the top management. This is called vertical approach, where decisions are made at the top and executed at the bottom, as Heather Skyler describes. On the other hand, Google has a cross- functional organizational structure. This is basically a matrix structure with a degree of flatness. This flatness is a considerable feature of the structure, that supports growth and competitiveness. There are 3 major characteristics of Google’s corporate structure:
Function as a basis for grouping is used in the structure. This means that there are Sales, engineering and product management and many other groups. The company also uses product- based grouping. This means that some employees are responsible for developing a particular mobile phone. And the third characteristic of the structure is flatness. Flatness of an organisational structure allows employees, teams or groups to get and share information across hierarchy levels. Thanks to flatness they can directly communicate with higher management. This characteristic contributes to a more comfortable, smaller company feel, because employees are part of the decision making. This leads to the feeling and stresses the importance of being equally important in the success of the company. Good and clever ideas play a more crucial role than titles. The governance structure of Google supports its company culture in achieving continuous innovation, which as already discussed is one of the key drivers of success at Google. The joint work of the corporate structure and the company culture helps to develop competitive advantages against other giant media companies like Apple, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Amazon.com, Facebook, Twitter and Snapchat. That is why Google is a good example of alignment to achieve growth and success.
Google hasn’t got a traditional organizational culture. This is partly because of the alignment with the governance structure but many other factors also play an important role. Google’s corporate culture has 6 main characteristics as follows:
Google is open to new and creative ideas. Employees know that, that is why they feel free to share their opinions, ideas. The matrix organizational structure just helps to keep sharing information, in order to improve and to make ideas come true. This way the company also tries to motivate employees to challenge themselves and try to think over of the usual way. Of course, they get support in achieving these tasks. Google provides comfortable and warm ambiance working conditions like in a small business, that just makes it easier to keep openness and share ideas, even with Larry Page and Sergey Brin. I already mentioned the 20 percent rule at Google. This is how the company encourages creativity and innovation, which is a key term in Google’s company culture and success. The broader definition of the 20 percent rule is the so called 70/20/10 rule. The working mechanism is the following: Employees are ought to spend 70 percent of their working time with the project they are currently working on. 20 percent should be spent with gathering ideas, creating new projects that are in connection with the core one. And in the rest 10 percent they can deal with any other new ideas, they have. This kind of freedom is one of the key forces behind new products.
Google gets about 3 million job applications a year, but only hires about 7 thousand, according to the data from July 2015. So, there must be something in Google’s hiring process that makes it possible to filter this huge amount of application and find candidates who fit perfectly in Google’s innovative, creative team. Of course, they ask some questions to estimate the candidate, but they look rather for candidates who are intellectual, fun, confident and ready to deal with and experience the unknown. The acceptance of failure plays also a crucial role at Google. The attitude towards failures is the following: If you fail, but you share the failed project and experience with others, you actually make it easier for others not to fail. So, you basically save resources and time for the company. Making failures is an everyday phenomenon especially at companies like Google who are dealing with innovation and unknown. This attitude motivates employees to dream bigger. Besides this attitude to failures, the media giant pays significant attention how it treats employees. It provides an uncountable amount of fringe benefits and a fun working environment. Employees are able to get unlimited food and snacks, massage, healthcare, fitness centre and gym membership, there are volleyball and basketball courts, bowling alleys and so on. What is more, Googlers are also allowed to take their dogs to work. “Our mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.” says the mission statement of Google. Core values held by the company and its employees are really important. Core values give the guidelines how to behave with each other and how to set expectations. Don’t be evil is Google’s unofficial motto.
Although, an approach like this isn’t the proper one at a huge business, like Google but already knowing the company culture of Google I believe that employees could feel the difference between working at Google or elsewhere. In conclusion, it is attractive to work for Google, because employees can feel that they are important, what is more, equally important. Happy employees work better and reduce the opportunity of turnover. Both of these characteristics lead to a greater success. “As Larry Page himself said, ‘it’s important that the company be a family, that people feel that they’re part of the company, and that the company is like a family to them. When you treat people that way, you get better productivity.’” To sum it all up, Google has special governance structure and company culture. It must be said that they are not organising procedures in the traditional way and are treating employees uniquely, but I wouldn’t say that this hole couldn’t be imitable. This idea brings me to the last part of my study, which is based on the question whether Google has to change anything in these areas or not.
Before beginning with changes let me raise maybe the strongest point against any major change according to Google’s behaviour. An important change would affect millions of advertisers, millions of other users, not to mention all the 60.000 employees working for Google. Now have a look at the other perspective: Criticisms of Google's company culture From the description above it turned out that Google is a friendly and creative place to work. This creativity resulted many new products during the years. On the other hand, it must be confessed that these products are usually offered for free and contribute to the heavier use of the search engine but did not produced extensive new revenue. This is just one of the potential threats why Google could need some changes but there are some more: Could there be any other player on the market who could challenge Google’s dominance? The answer is yes. As I already mentioned it at the end of the part before there is the potential possibility that someone would try to imitate the strategy of Google.
Keep in mind:
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Get custom essayAlthough, it wouldn’t be the exact same service Google is providing, but when someone would offer almost the same it could gain high popularity in short time. Firstly, the switching for consumers wouldn’t be too hard, if the product has the quality and secondly, it isn’t so hard anymore to provide a service similar to Google. This way other companies could take this competitive advantage back from Google. Google is following a trend. It is trying developments and improvements in all perspective of life and technology. It is possible, that a new idea would take the interest from all the other fields and change the aspect of the company. A change like this could have a negative effect on the reputation. Both of the problems listed above could be solved by unpredictable decisions and movements. Google could pay even more attention to present projects and that way generate some more revenue from them. Keeping Google googley means me keeping that type of leaderships which leads to success. Let me end this study with the words from the homepage of Google: “The relentless search for better answers continues to be at the core of everything we do. Today, with more than 60,000 employees in 50 different countries, Google makes hundreds of products used by billions of people across the globe, from YouTube and Android to Smartbox and, of course, Google Search. Although we’ve ditched the Lego servers and added just a few more company dogs, our passion for building technology for everyone has stayed with us — from the dorm room, to the garage, and to this very day.”
In this film, James Balog tries to find what he could photograph about climate change. The only thing he could think of was ice. He ended up doing a National Geographic story, and was on the cover of the magazine. “BIG THAW, Ice on the Run, Seas on the Rise”. Ended up being the most popular and well-read story in the last 5 years. Solheim glacier is where he first thought of idea because it had been receding several hundred feet per year, which is a lot. James stated that there was a real sense of a glacier coming to an end. He said it looked very old, and that he never imagined such big features disappearing in such a short amount of time. He kept tabs on the glacier because it is a big piece of history, soon disappearing. He explained that it changed so much in 6 months. He shows pictures 6 months apart with ice completely melted.
Get original essayExtreme Ice Survey place 25 cameras near glaciers to show how landscape was changing. Putting really delicate electronics into some of the harshest conditions in the world is a feat. Hurricane force winds, negative 40-degree temperatures threaten the cameras. The 1st camera installation is at Solheim glacier. When glaciers break, giant pieces off into ocean. This is called calving.
Store glacier, Greenland is next, and it is five football fields long, and 300 feet above the surface of the water. With the camera rolling, large scale calving takes place, all within a one hourr period of time. They captured an event that is seldom caught on film. Greenhouse gas emissions contribute to changes in atmospheric conditions by making climate much more susceptible to extreme weather.
James is looking to make a global worldwide impact with his photography and spreading of awareness. His photo assistant checks on cameras every few months to make sure they are not broken. Some end up broken from extreme conditions. “The camera’s memory card is the memory of landscape because the landscape is now gone, stored on a chip.” Glaciers are retreating and thinning at the same time.
We are in the midst of geological scale change, and we humans are causing it. This climate change intensifies impact of hurricanes and typhoons. Peoples land will be flooded out. Examines changes over only a few years, end up being gigantic changes occurring. People think large-scale geology changes are in the past but they’re actually happening in our time, every single day, way quicker than we think. “Glaciers were literally dying in front of my eyes, makes you aware.” James climbs down into crevasses, there is something special about photographing glaciers at night, says James. He also says it places your mind on the surface of the planet. We as a culture have forgotten that we are natural organisms and we totally depend on nature. Photography is raising awareness, through cameras. The cameras become vehicles of awareness, the photographers are the messengers. Colombia glacier in Alaska majorly calved throughout only 3 months, retreating through winter because it is an unhealthy glacier. The Colombia glacier retreated so much that they had to move camera, had to pivot again, and again. One crack can cause massive calving. Huge calving event took place within 75 minutes, it was as if the entire lower part of Manhattan broke off but with buildings that are 2 or 3 times higher than they already are. From 2000-2010 retreated 9 miles, 1 mile more than the previous hundred years.
The great irony of our time is that science is still arguing about climate change. People have a hard time understanding so the work that he is doing allows us to actually visualize change. The Extreme Ice Survey will go down in history as the evidence that we knew what was going on. We have a problem with perception. James wants to be able to tell his daughters 25 years down the road that he did everything he could to spread awareness about global warming