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Banking Sector involves a lot of transactions for their day to day operation and they have now realized that their main disquietude is how to detect fraud as early as possible. In this paper I have include information regarding carding basics. How this threat is being more challenging day by day. Process of how this threat being conduct and how we can achieve to prevent this threat being conduct. The processes discussed in this study are phishing, skimming, and overview of trigulation and copying. And there are several methods for detection of carding process which are Biometric approach and learning are also include here. These technologies will help to diagnose the credit card fraud and give the acquiescent result. The use of these techniques will help to distinguish the credit card transactions generally into two types as legitimate and fraudulent transactions.
Get original essayBank is a financial institution which accepts deposit from public. And it became great disquietude for bank if there happens any kind of fraud in deposit. It is mentioned by K. Chan & J Stolfo et. al that there are many kind of fraud and generally financial fraud much affects the bank fraud. According to Leukfeldt (2010) and Taylor et al (2006), internet fraud will target many victims in the future. Computer criminals are constantly looking for new and better methods to increase their chances of success. An organization called Citigroup suffered about $2. 7 million in losses - which is just one of many examples - after hackers found a way to steal credit card information from its website and post fraudulent charges.
In this paper we are going to discuss about carding. Carding can be divided in two separate steps: the set of techniques by which information from credit cards and other payment information get into the hands of criminals and how this information is used by criminals. carding spans multiple forms of cybercrime (such as spamming, identity theft or credit card fraud) as well, carding must be taken seriously.
Carding can be divided in two separate steps: Collection of a credit card information and Cashing.
Collection of a credit card information.
There are so many frauds detected that affect the bank, merchants as well as customers. Some of them are listed below:
After collecting all these credit card data, the main goal is to steal data apart from selling or trading. The stealing of money is called cashing.
Cashing process of carding - can be divided into four different types of methods. The following definitions are summarized:
Instead of using the stolen information, criminals can also sell or exchange these with the use of carding forums.
Carding forums: are meeting places (convergence settings) where tutorials, software and stolen information are exchanged or sold. Indicated with the term trafficking. The purposes or intentions according to Peretti (2009) of a carding forum are informing, helping, teaching and creating the possibility to trade or offer stolen information or resources to make carding possible.
The spotlight at phishing lies on utilizing email however these days other informing instruments can be utilized to trap, bait or assault individuals. The accessible online news articles on phishing anyway as it were talked about phishing by email. The exercises can be separated stepwise.
The people involved and the information flows among them will be discussed here.
Since some readiness for phishing is required, a few providers and server hosters might be included. Other than providers and hosters, there are no different performing artists included. The phisher assaults an unfortunate casualty conceivably with help of providers and hosters, get data in the event that he is fortunate and at that point utilizes that data for getting the money for. Phishing can be condensed with a couple of basic perspectives, in particular assault, target, planning, persuading and taking. Be that as it may, it requires a great deal of aptitudes and vitality to complete things.
A second attacking technique is skimming. Skimming differs with the other attacking techniques because information is obtained by devices instead of breaking in using computers. These devices can be purchased or made. The activities can be divided stepwise. See figure which resents the activities related to skimming.
Within the process of skimming, some actors are involved as well as is shown in figure. When picking a store or restaurant, most of the time this is commissioned to an employer or someone who has access to the store ATM. A skimmer can likewise penetrate a store or other association independent from anyone else. Albeit, as per the online news articles this isn't standard. It is less demanding for a skimmer giving the assignment to a worker to penetrate.
Moreover, there are equipment (skimming gadgets) providers who, clearly, supply the skimmer with all the vital burglary instruments like gadgets, card perusers, little cameras or console overlays. Here as well, the skimmer can do it without anyone's help, however once more, it is significantly less demanding or less expensive to get another person who supplies burglary instruments. In the end, individual data (PIN, Visa data and check codes) will be taken from a client or injured individual utilizing robbery instruments. A skimmer can utilize data to make fake cards and utilize these cards to pull back cash from an ATM or offer the data. A retriever may take an interest by utilizing the victim’s data to pull back cash from ATM?s with false cards and afterward offer it to the skimmer for a conceivable little reward. Another conceivable skimming situation that can be named yet isn't said by the treated articles is that a skimming plan can happen in the city where skimmers persuade - with affectations - or drive youngsters to hand over their Visas and stick codes. With this installment data, cash can straightforwardly be pulled back from ATM?s. This is a precedent to demonstrate that the consequences of this investigation can be supplemented.
There are loads of issues that make this technique extreme to execute and one of the most concerning issues related with misrepresentation recognition is the absence of both the writing giving exploratory outcomes and of true information for scholastic scientists to perform probes. The purpose for this is the delicate money related information related with the misrepresentation that must be kept classified for the motivation behind client's protection.
Presently, here we identify distinctive properties a cheat location framework ought to have so as to produce legitimate results: The framework ought to have the capacity to deal with skewed dispersions, since just a little level of all credit card transactions is fraudulent. There should be a proper means to handle the noise. Noise is the errors that is present in the data, for example, incorrect dates. This noise in actual data limits the accuracy of generalization that can be achieved, irrespective of how extensive the training set is.
There is a requirement for good measurements to assess the classifier framework. For instance, the general exactness is not suited for assessment on a skewed conveyance, since even with a high precision; all deceitful exchanges can be misclassified.
Another problem related to this field is overlapping data. Many transactions may resemble fraudulent transactions when actually they are genuine transactions. The opposite also happens, when a fraudulent transactions appears to be genuine.
The framework should deal with the measure of cash that is being lost because of extortion and the measure of cash that will be required to distinguish that extortion. For instance, no benefit is made by halting a deceitful exchange that is path lesser than the measure of cash that will be required to distinguish it.
The systems should be able to adapt themselves to new kinds of fraud. Since after a while, successful fraud techniques decreases in efficiency due to the fact that they become well known because an efficient fraudster always find a new and inventive ways of performing his job.
A legitimate and intensive writing study reasons that there are different techniques that can be utilized to recognize credit card extortion identification. Some of these approaches are:
In our research paper, as stated earlier, we will be emphasizing on the Genetic algorithm and how it is used in credit card fraud detection systems.
Kenneth Aguilar and Cesar Ponce et al. characterizes that all human have specific qualities in their conduct and additionally in their physiological qualities. Here social qualities mean any human's voice, signature, keystroke and so on. Also, physiological attributes implies fingerprints, confront picture or hand geometry. Biometric Data mining is an utilization of learning disclosure procedures in which we give biometric data with the thought process to distinguish designs.
According to Revett Henrique Santos, we can have following characteristics that are able to identify patterns. Characteristics that can be recognized by Biometric System
In physiological qualities, Hernandez and Diaz characterized the following qualities that can identify remarkable examples.
Searching of video in a sight and sound database. In Credit card extortion identification, it very well may be utilized if an enrolled client utilizes its charge card for performing exchanges.
Learning is generally done with or without the help of teacher.
Supervised Learning: According to Patdar and Lokesh Sharma following advances depend on Directed Learning approach in which we have an outer educator to check our yield.
Bayesian Network: Bayes’ hypothesis is determined by Thomas Bayes. These are factual classifier that foresee class enrollment probabilities with the end goal that regardless of whether a specific given tuple has a place with a specific class. In this X is considered as "proof" furthermore, H will be some theory with the end goal that X has a place with specific class C.
In this, we have two sort of likelihood: In this P(Fr/X) and P(X/Fr) are back likelihood molded on Hypothesis. Furthermore, P(Fr) and P(X) are earlier likelihood of Hypothesis. We ascertain the back likelihood, P(Fr/X), from P(Fr), P(X/Fr) and P(X) are given [image: image5. png]P(Fr/X) is the extortion likelihood given the watched conduct client X.
This Network can display the conduct in light of the presumption that whether the client is deceitful or real.
Decision Tree: Induction Dipti Thakur and Bhatia characterized this as a sort of directed learning in which we settle on a choice tree to reach at a specific solution.
As appeared in figure3 they characterized that in choice tree we have some inside hubs and each hub speak to a test on a specific property and each branch in choice tree speak to a result of test also, each leaf hub will speak to class mark implies yield. Choice trees are utilized for order in which we give another exchange for which class name is unknown (means it is obscure whether it is fake or authentic) and the exchange esteem is tried against the choice tree. A way is followed from root hub to yield/class name for that exchange.
Support Vector Machine: In supervised learning Vapnik come with an idea of support Vector Machine.
Joseph King-Fun Pun approached that in this classification algorithm we can construct a hyper plane as a decision plane which can make distinction between fraudulent and legitimate transaction. This Hyper plane Separate the different class of data. Support Vector Machine can maximize the geometric margin and simultaneously it can minimize the empirical classification. So, it is also called Maximum Margin classifier. The separating Hyperplane is a plane that exploit the distance between the two equivalent hyper plane.
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Get custom essayCarding is day by day increasing threat to a economy system. A strict action must be taken against this theft. We can prevent or at least control to some extent. We have to make people aware about phishing and skimming threats. We have to develop more secure system which can prevent phishing sites and software for gaining access in system.
It is important that the Executive House Keeper understands the different type of surfaces in the hotel in order to decide how best to take care for them.
Get original essayHard surfaces are found in different forms in different areas of the hotels. In order to keep the hard surfaces in good condition their composition, type or variant, optimal cleaning and maintenance procedures should be known to the House Keeping staff. Their cleaning and maintenance plays an important part in the cleaning and maintenance program of the establishment.
The types of surfaces commonly used in hotels are metal, glass, plastic, wood, stone, granite, terrazzo, rubber, linoleum etc. These surfaces cover a large area and are subjected to great deal of wear and tear.
It is important that the floor surfaces chosen for an area should be in relation to the purpose of the particular area. Some areas may require durability and hygiene more than appearance eg kitchen whereas in some areas like lobby, appearance and durability both are of importance.
The various types of surfaces used in hotels depend on the following points:
Metals form the whole or part of many fixtures & fittings, furniture and surface area. The most common metals used are silver, steel, copper, brass, bronze, aluminum and iron. Metals are used in doors & windows fittings, wall paneling, light fittings, restaurant cutlery, cooking utensils, guest room accessories and furniture.
Most metal surfaces get tarnished, scratched or rusted unless treated or protected with a sealing agent. Most metals are plated with a precious metal usually silver.
This is a soft, malleable and ductile metal found naturally in the earth. It is a white metal which is unaffected by water, pure air and most of the food stuff. It gives a brilliant sheen when polished.
Silver plated ware is made from blanks or bodies of a nickel silver or nickel brass alloy. These are immersed in a complex solution of silver salts and by means of electrolysis, silver is translated to the blanks and an electroplated article results. This process is known as E.P.N.S. or electroplated nickel silver.
Silver plated ware can be re-plated but is costly as the old deposit has to be removed for any treatment or repair and this makes re-plating costly. The tarnishing of silver is due to action of compounds of sulphur or food items such as eggs, onion juices, pickles etc. This tarnish is not removed by simple washing but requires special treatment:
In this method the silver articles are put in a hot solution of washing soda along with a perforated aluminum sheet (Polvit Sheet). A chemical reaction takes place removing the tarnish, moving the sulphur to the aluminum. The silver is washed in boiling water and dried with a lint free cloth.
A silver dip solution is a liquid chemical mixture. This solution has the tendency to act on stainless steel. It should only be used in glass, earthenware or plastic earthenware.
The silver is quickly removed and rinsed in running hot water and then dried.
This is a complex mixture in emulsion, paste or powder form rubbed over the article, buffed off and followed by washing and drying with polishing cloth eg Silvo.
Steel is corrosion resistant made by the addition of chromium to alloy of iron and carbon. Stainless steel is used for making cutlery, serving dishes, sanitary items, furniture etc.
Stainless steel is used for making of cutlery .It also contains chromium and nickel and is hardened by cold work such as pressing and stamping.
Stainless steel is a tough, durable metal with a metal polish. It is however not scratch resistant.
Chrome steel is made by coating steel with chromium. Chrome steel is used for manufacture of taps, bath handles, shower fittings etc.
Galvanized steel is steel coated with zinc to prevent tarnishing. It is used for making buckets.
Chromium steel and galvanized steel are wiped or washed with a synthetic detergent, and rinsed in running water. It is then buffed and allowed to dry.
This metal is used for wall paneling, counter tops, bowls, vases and even cooking and serving utensils, cutlery etc.
Copper is cleaned by washing the object in warm water with a detergent. It is then rubbed with a mixture of salt, vinegar/lime juice/tamarind. The object is then cleaned with warm water and immediately dried to prevent any water marks.
In case of cookware and serving utensil, it is cleaned with warm water and a mild detergent and then dried immediately.
Except cookware and serving dishes, all other copper items can be polished with a proprietary polish.
Brass is cleaned by washing the brass item with a detergent and plenty of running water. Tamarind/lime is rubbed along with salt which works as an abrasive and allowed to dry. It is washed with a solution of detergent and water, dried and then a proprietary polish eg brasso applied, buffed with a buffing cloth.
If the utensil is used for eating, the utensil should be washed in detergent and water to remove all traces of polish.
Bronze is cleaned best by washing in water and detergent. The bronze piece is then dried and proprietary polish applied.
Aluminum is a light weight, malleable and ductile metal. It is used in making of cooking utensils, insulation wires, light fittings, window frames, venetian blinds. Aluminum is not tarnished by air/moisture but gets damaged by soda and other alkalis as well by the action of acids.
Aluminum is cleaned with the help of a detergent and running water. Mild abrasives may be used to remove difficult stains.
Wrought iron is example of forged iron i.e. iron shaped by heating in fire and hammered into shape.
Cast iron is a hard alloy of iron, carbon and silicon cast in a mould. Non enameled cast iron is flame and oven proof. Iron should be washed only when necessary and then washed thoroughly. Galvanized iron requires regular washing. Any rust on the surface can be removed with steel wool dampened with oxalic acid. To promote long life, iron should be coated with oil or black lead.
Glass is a transparent, lustrous and brittle material made from silica or sand to which other chemicals are added depending upon the quality or type of glass required.
Glass is used for many use i.e. tableware, cooking utensils, bottles, vases, lamps, windows, mirror.
Glass surface requires regular dusting. Light marks are cleaned with a solution of vinegar and water. Stubborn marks may be removed by diluted methylated sprit. The glass is then wiped with a newspaper.
Dry the glass with a lint free cloth.
These are used to manufacture tableware, hardware as protective films on metals, wood etc. They can be produced as long filaments and woven into textiles. Plastics can coat fabrics. They have great strength, poor absorbent, easy to clean and quick to dry.
Types
Plastics are of two types depending on their properties.
1. Thermosetting plastics
2. Thermoplastics
Thermosetting Plastics:
These are hard plastics moulded by heat and pressure and do not soften when reheated eg.
Thermoplastic
These are soft plastic which softens when exposed to heat and hardens again when cool.eg.
Advantages of Plastic
All kinds of plastic are easy to clean and maintain. Daily dusting and wiping with mild detergent and duster followed by washing and drying with a duster is sufficient. Food marks may be removed by adding sodium bicarbonate to water followed by through washing.
Ceramics are made from sand and clay and different proportions and types of clay are mixed with other ingredients to produce different kinds of ceramics of required quality for floor and wall tiles, drain pipes, wash basins, sinks, lavatory pans, vases, cooking utensils, tea cup and saucers etc.
Ceramics
Earthenware Stoneware Porcelain Bone China Terracotta
Glazed Vitrified
Types of Ceramics
Earthenware
This is a thick heavy porous material made from clay and baked. It is used in making jugs, bowls, vases, ashtrays etc.
Earthenware should be handled with care as it chips and breaks easily. Earthenware
Wood is obtained from trees obtained from nature. Wood has varying degree of hardness with many use ,varied colour and different grain patterns.
Wood being porous absorbs water and dust. It is also prone to fungal attacks and pest attack.
Types of Wood
Wood is divided into hard wood or soft wood depending upon their strength and resilience.
Hardwood
These are obtained from deciduous trees. The popular wood are teak, oak, ash, beech, birch, walnut and rosewood .Hardwood does not dent easily and is used in the construction of floors, walls, furniture and furnishings.
Hardwoods are expensive and nowadays used as a veneer on soft woods.
Softwood
These are obtained from coniferous trees. The popular woods are pine, fir, cedar, rubber wood. These are light in weight, cheaper and prone to wear and tear. Soft wood are used in the construction of sub- floors, ceilings, joists and furniture.
Wood Boards
These are lighter than wood, treated for long life and are cheaper than solid wood planks.
Hard Board
This is a thin, flexible board made from wood pulp fibre. They are smooth on one side and have a mesh like texture on the other side.
Hard board are used for making of door panels, cupboard or wardrobe backing, base of drawers, floor tiles etc.
Plywood
This is made by gluing of thin sheets of hardwood. Plywood is very strong but can be shaped during its making. It can be made attractive by use of laminates or veneering it. Plywood is used to make tables, desk shelves, counter tops etc.
Blackboard
This is made of plywood veneers laid over a core of wood strips having thickness of upto 3 cms.
Blackwood is used for making worktops, table tops, shelves etc.
Chipboard
This is made from compressed wood, chips and synthetic resin, chipboard is strong and heavy and is used for making cabinets, drawers, work tops etc.
Cork
This is obtained from the outer, light brown bark of the cork oak. They are absorbent, burn easily and are porous. Cork is used for making bathmats, notice boards, floor covering, wall coverings etc.
Water should not be used in its cleaning. It should be dusted with a duster or vacuum cleaned. Wooden surface may be polished. For a long life wood may be treated with Beeswax, Varnish, Lacquer, Oil Polyurethane, Polish or Paint.
Mostly used stones are marble, granite, slate, sand stone quartzite. Stone may be used as floor surfaces, external wall surface, table tops, counter tops, furniture, decorative items etc.
This is metamorphosed and crystallized line-stone. Marble is available in many colours and patterns, white, black, green, pink, red etc. It may be given a glossy or matt finish.
This is sedimentary rock & is composed of compressed sand.
This is granular, crystalline stone composed of quartz, feldspar and mica.
This is compact granular stone made of silica.
This is made up of mud and silt which solidify over the years. Available in layers which may be made into slabs.
Stone surfaces are easily cleaned with synthetic detergent and water stains may be removed using fine abrasives.
These are made from PVC and other synthetic resins, inert fillers and pigments. They are of two types (1) Vinyl asbestos (2) Flexible Vinyl.
Vinyl flooring is used in bathrooms, corridors, offices, hospitals. Vinyl flooring is cleaned easily with a vacuum cleaner and damp mop special cleaning may be done with mop with hot water and detergent.
Linoleum
Linoleum is available in rolls or tiles. Linoleum absorbs water so it is best sealed. Less amount of water should be used during cleaning process. Linoleum is damaged by coarse abrasives and alkalis. Excess polish should not be used or the surface will become slippery.
This is natural/synthetic substance having properties of elasticity, water repellence and electrical resistance.
Natural rubber is obtained from called Latex. This is treated with compounding ingredients in mixing machines. The mixture is then applied mechanically to a base or shaped. The mixture is then vulcanized to give strength to the rubber.
TYPES OF RUBBER:
Crude Rubber
Uncured rubber used to make crepe rubber used in insulating blankets.
Vulcanized Rubber
Rubber products vulcanized (heated out of contact with air) at high temperature and pressure in the presence of vulcanizing agents such as sulphur, selenium and tellurium.
Vulcanized rubber is used in making conveyor belts, rollers for mop wringers, rainwear, shower curtains etc.
Foam Rubber
This is made from latex using compounding compounds .The foam rubber produced by the frothing machine is used to make articles such as mattresses and set cushions.
Synthetic Rubber
Synthetic rubber is used to make upholstery, mattresses, pillows etc.
Vulcanized rubber is also used to make, rubber flooring both in tile and sheet form.
It is non absorbent but is harmed by sprit, grease, alkalis, abrasives and even sunlight.
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Get custom essayRubber surface are easy to clean with synthetic detergent and water.
As we grow up, we often find ourselves struggling to identify our career goals. Sometimes, we get stuck in a professional or educational quagmire, where we feel lost and unable to move ahead or backward. But it's never too late to find our passion and align our academic pursuits with our genuine interests. In my 300 word essay on career goals I’ll provide general examples of career aspirations.
Get original essayAcademically, we must select a field that aligns with our passions and interests. For instance, if we are interested in medicine and cardiology, we must pursue a degree in biology or chemistry, which can give us a strong foundation for our intended profession in medicine. We must be open to exploring various fields and choosing the one that resonates with our inner selves.
While financial stability is undoubtedly an important aspect of our career aspirations, it shouldn't be the sole focus of our goals. Instead, we must strive to build prestige, gain responsibilities, and authority in our chosen field. These goals can help us experience a sense of independence and freedom, and we must work towards achieving them with dedication and perseverance.
In addition to financial stability and professional growth, there are several other professional aims that we must keep in mind. We must continuously strive to enhance our skills, gain knowledge power, interact with society, understand our capabilities, and accept responsibility for our actions. By doing so, we can become well-rounded professionals who are not only successful in our careers but also contribute positively to society.
In conclusion, identifying our career goals is a crucial aspect of our personal and professional growth. We must be open to exploring various fields and aligning our academic pursuits with our passions and interests. With dedication and perseverance, we can achieve our career goals and experience a sense of independence and freedom.
As I embark on my professional journey, I have a clear vision of my career goals. I believe that setting specific and achievable objectives is crucial to success, and I am committed to working towards these goals with determination and perseverance. In this 500 word essay on career goals examples, I will share my aspirations for the future and the steps I plan to take to achieve them.
Get original essayOne of my main career goals is to become an expert in my field. I have always been passionate about marketing and communication, and I believe that by mastering the latest trends and techniques, I can make a significant impact in the industry. To achieve this goal, I plan to take courses and attend conferences that will deepen my knowledge and broaden my perspective. I also plan to seek out mentors who can provide guidance and advice as I navigate the complex landscape of marketing and communication.
Another important career goal for me is to make a positive impact in my community. I believe that businesses have a responsibility to give back and contribute to the well-being of society, and I am committed to using my skills and knowledge to make a difference. To achieve this goal, I plan to seek out opportunities to work with non-profit organizations and community groups. I also plan to stay informed about social and environmental issues that affect my industry, and to advocate for responsible and sustainable practices.
In addition to these long-term career goals, I have several short-term objectives that I plan to accomplish in the coming months and years. One of these is to improve my writing skills. I believe that effective communication is essential in any profession, and I want to be able to express my ideas clearly and persuasively. To achieve this goal, I plan to take writing courses and practice writing regularly. I also plan to seek feedback from mentors and colleagues, and to revise and refine my writing until it meets the highest standards of excellence.
Another short-term goal for me is to build my professional network. I believe that success in any industry is often dependent on who you know, and I want to develop strong relationships with other professionals who can provide support, guidance, and opportunities. To achieve this goal, I plan to attend networking events, join professional organizations, and reach out to others in my field. I also plan to maintain an active presence on social media and to engage with thought leaders and influencers in my industry.
In conclusion, my career goals are rooted in a deep passion for marketing and communication, a commitment to social responsibility, and a desire to make a positive impact in the world. By setting specific and achievable objectives, and by working diligently to achieve them, I believe that I can build a successful and fulfilling career that aligns with my values and aspirations.
I am Min, a first-year student in HCCs. I am pursuing to become a software programmer. When I was young, I used to play the video games a lot, and there were no smartphones at that time, so I used to plan to go out with my friends during the weekend or free time. I realized that my friends were not excited about computers, but I was extremely enthusiastic and passionate when I was tinkering with computer devices, as well as learning about the software or website programming. However, at that time, there were very few specialized training courses in this field. I mainly searched for the limit information from the internet. As I have grown up, the internet and information technology became more popular, and I spent most of my time learning about the software system and the application. Therefore, I have enrolled in computer science at Houston Community College to fulfill my dream of becoming a successful software programmer in the future. According to the Strength Quest Assessment, I am the person who has five strengths called “restorative, futuristic, adaptability, strategic and responsibility” (Strength Quest Assessment). My five strengths based on assessment strengthens me to become a software programmer. I like to think about innovation and make some changes to improve the technology. The improvements that I make should also have an advantage for people, so I want to interact with other people. I know my responsibility, and I can organize things well. As a programmer, I will face a different kind of users, and I must behave well according to their different perspective. That means I can endure with new people and the new environment because of my adaptability strategy. The strategies mentioned above; I wish I could be a better programmer by improving my skills every day. In this essay, I will describe the public information in the Occupational Outlook, the local knowledge about my career, the lifestyle I intend to live based on Texas Reality Check, the same lifestyle in three different cities, the places that I could volunteer in the future and my personal career goals.
Get original essayAs a computer programmer, my responsibility is to test and write code that allows applications and software programs to function accurately by using computer software. In this occupation, I will be able to turn the program designs into instructions that a computer can follow. I will also be required to implement and test the code, and I also have the responsibility to make changes depending on user needs. Most computer programmers have a bachelor’s degree; however, some employers hire workers who have other degrees or experience in specific programming languages like Python, Java, C, C++, Swift, etc. Employers also appreciate if the students gain experience through internships programs while studying, so practical takes an essential role (Computer Programmers). Students can get possible experience by writing code, testing programs, fixing errors, and doing many other tasks they will do at work. To keep abreast of technological change, I can take continuing education lessons and attend professional development seminars to learn new programming languages or about upgrades to the programming languages that I already know. The job outlook for programmers is projected to decline by 7 percent from 2016 to 2026. Computer programming can be done from anywhere in the world, so companies employ programmers in countries with low salaries. It is expected to limit the continuing trend of jobs for computer programmers in the United States growth. However, the high costs associated with projects granted abroad programmers managed to compensate in some cases the savings of low salaries, which means that some companies regain or continue to schedule jobs in the United States.
The salary range for a software program is from $67,378 to $166,135, with a median salary of $110,027 depending on working experience and position level. Three hundred seventy-nine companies are providing jobs to software programs over the last year, and there are currently 5,507 in Houston area. The programmer responsibility is to design new software, to predict consequences using math and scientific models, to consult with customers, to prepare reports on project documentation, to modify existing software due to system errors, to store and retrieve data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements. The required education is the associate’s or bachelor’s in computer science. The jobs are available for full-time and part-time for me with online access. I will work hard to achieve a full-time programmer with online access.
The salaries for software programmers differ depending on the experience and qualifications. Based on the Texas Reality Check, I need to earn an annual salary between $149,730 and $160,534 to maintain the lifestyle that I aspire to live. Basically, I am majoring in computer science, so there are several kinds of jobs according to my major. When I searched in this survey, it probably showed only one title career that I am looking for. I think in my computer science field, it is more important what I can do better than my job title. It showed up with the manager field, and it needs more experience and a higher degree. For the primary software engineer, the minimum salary in Texas is $88,205 per year (Occupational Outlook Handbook). I need to work part-time jobs or internships while studying at University before I get a bachelor’s degree, so I wish I could apply directly to the manager field to pay my bills. Unfortunately, the national average salary does not cover all my expenses for the lifestyle I intend to live. However, I will not give up and stay with fixed pay every day. Firstly, I will make my skills higher because I realize that my skills are worth for only that amount. Secondly, I will learn from the seniors who have already that kind of amount, and I would take some recommendations from them. Finally, I will not even stop learning once my income reached my intended amount because someone can catch up on my position even with a higher amount of salary. Nowadays, people are competitive, and I should upgrade my skills day by day to face with them. The results motivate me a lot to take it more seriously to achieve my career goals and objectives. It also teaches me that life is not as easy as I thought before. Now I could see the plans for my future and start working on it. I need to study the minor courses thoroughly at community college, and I must transfer with the best grade point average (GPA) to get admission from prominent universities, so that the jobs may have more demand for me.
When I compared salary amount on three different locations, it showed a significant difference using the Cost of Living Calculator. Firstly, I searched the Silicon Valley, which has more job opportunities, San Francisco, I also knew this city would have more expenses to live. I compared with my median salary of $80K in Houston, and I found out that I need to earn $157,064 to maintain the same lifestyle (Cost of Living Calculator). Housing is 245% more pricy, and I feel shocked by looking at one thing. There are also several things like groceries is 44% more expensive, Transportation is 38% more expensive, and health care is 36% more expensive (Cost of Living Calculator). Secondly, I also researched the city that I like to visit, Chicago, and I figured it out the significant differences are Housing and Transportation, and the rest are slightly expensive. But I need to earn $100,632 to provide those facilities for my lifestyle (Cost of Living Calculator). Finally, I found Austin, which is known as a tech city, and I need to earn $ 79,348 for the same style in Houston (Cost of Living Calculator). Prices are different, for example, housing is less than 3%, utilities are less than 21%, transportation is less than 4% than Houston. These costs are relatively reasonable with my salary and it gives me a lifestyle I desire to live. Furthermore, Austin is a city where has many large companies in the field of computer technology such as DELL. I can apply for a job there after I graduate. Due to this research, I know the right place with the fair amount to get opportunities and to maintain my lifestyle.
The Volunteer Match website navigates me to where I will be most required for my community needs as transferable soft skills. The Technology for All Services is looking for Computer Engineers to help educational, economic, and personal opportunities for low-income, underserved, and vulnerable persons through the tools of technology. I want to participate with them, and I also want to share my experiences with those people. I can also volunteer at Tech Crops to help people to recruit, place and support volunteers from the technology community who assists schools with the introduction and use of modern technologies to bring additional resources. It will also be helpful not only for society but also for me to reach the goals of us. By volunteering, I will not get any money, but I will get valuable skills that I could reuse in my actual profession. For example, in the volunteer community, I must adapt with various kinds of people, so that I will get communication skills. Secondly, I must explain about the solution if someone from the community asks me, so that I will get the problem-solving skills. I would not get nervous in my actual profession once I received those kinds of techniques.
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Get custom essayMy long-term career goal is to become a senior software programmer at Amazon or Google by 2027. To achieve that goal, I need to have a good plan and I must work hard every day. The first step is to complete a 2-year program at HCC. In HCC, I will participate in basic computer science classes. I intend to graduate with a GPA of 3.8 to apply to the top 10 universities in the United States. The second step is that I will transfer to a university to get my bachelor’s degree in computer science. I will specialize in computer science major and develop into software programming. I must spend five years to complete those two career goals. I might face a lot of challenges and difficulties during that period, like tuition fees. So, I intend to get high scores by applying for the scholarship. Besides, I will find some jobs on campus to gain experience and increase communication skills. After that, I will go for internships after graduation. I will spend three years to accumulate experience before I apply for a job at Google or Amazon. 6 years is a long time with many challenges, but I believe I will become a professional software developer in the future. Besides, my dream is to be able to provide free education to new generation children in my country that are not well developed in technology. I will work hard and follow the steps to accomplish my long-term career goals in my life.
You should be between 16 and 32 years old if joining as a regular commando or between 17 and 25 years old if joining as an officer. You should be at least 151cm in height (4 foot 9 inches) and you should weigh at least 65kg. You should also be either a UK or Ireland national or a commonwealth citizen (Australia, Canada etc. ) who has been living in the UK for at least 5 years.
Get original essayYour fitness is first tested by the marines in the PRMC (Potential Royal Marines Course). You will start off by completing a 2. 4km squad run on tarmac in less than 12mins 30 seconds. After a one-minute rest you will then run 2. 4km again with your best effort, the minimum pass time for the second run being no more than 10mins 30 seconds. You will also do a bleep test in which you should be aiming for 13 or above with 12 being a satisfactory level. The minimum pass level is 10. 5 and any lower is considered a fail. Afterwards you will move onto gym tests. For press-ups you should aim for 60 on the bleep with 40 being considered satisfactory. Anything less than 30 is a fail. Pulls-up, you should aim for 16 although 12 is satisfactory and 3 is the bare minimum. At least 60 sit-ups should be completed with 70 being enough to pass and 85 being what you should aim for. You will also need to complete a series of swimming exercises as well as an 80m swim.
You don’t need any qualifications to become a Royal Marines Commando but to be an officer, you’ll need A-levels/Higher or above. Some of the characteristics you should have as a potential royal marine should be determination, dedication, bravery, courage, adaptability, reliability, efficiency and mental strength. As a marine you obviously have to be brave and courageous as you will potentially be involved in combat quite often. You also need to be reliable and efficient because if you aren’t people will see you as a risk and your career will be over before it has even begun. To be a marine the ability to adapt to whatever environment you are in is essential as you can be deployed into deserts, jungles, mountains and other harsh climates. Mental strength is key to progress in the marines as you will be involved in extreme situations, there will be a chance that you will see something that would mentally scar most people.
The main entry route is through participating in a PJFT. To pass the PJFT you will have to run 2. 4km on a treadmill set at an incline of 2% in less than 12 minutes and 30 seconds. You will rest for a minute then run another 2. 4km which must be completed within 10 minutes minimum. After the PJFT and PRMC parts of your entry you will go to basic training. Basic training takes place and the Royal Marines commando training center in Lympstone over a period of 32 weeks. It is known around the world as one of the longest and most difficult training programmes there is. The vast majority of people would never put themselves through what it takes to join the Royal marines so you have to determination and dedication if you want to become one.
As a marine you will be given a key role dealing with various crises around the world. The missions you will be given range from being involved in humanitarian aid all the way to combat operations. You’ll be required to adapt to whatever environment you are deployed into, whether you are operating in jungles, mountains or desert.
When you become a marine, you will be able to choose a specialization. Specializations can range from supportive roles such as drivers or clerks, defensive roles such as anti-tank and air defense or even become a Marine PTI giving physical training recruits and ranked marines. Rank progression is similar to the army and with enough progression your salary can range from £30,000 to £40,000 in a year. If you join the marines as a commando you can be given the chance to become a commissioned officer by showing a great amount of dedication, skill and academic knowledge. This opportunity can be given at any point in your career and is based on merit. By working hard and showing your potential you can move up ranks quickly and open up more options for your career.
The retirement age for a marine is 60 years old. The amount of money you get from a pension is also based on what scheme you enrolled with.
A career in the marines has lots of positives and would provide many different options for the future. As a marine you would travel around the world and go to many different places which is ideal for those who wish to travel. You are also subjected to better training than most of the British military. The marines have a reputation as one of the world’s best fighting units. With this reputation comes a level of pride knowing that you are part of one of the world’s best. As a marine there are many different specializations you can choose from that provide great opportunities in and out of the military. Specializations such as PTIs (Physical Training instructors), Medical assistants and vehicle mechanics can all translate well into the civilian world. There are even various royal marine sports teams you can join like football and rugby. There are however negatives to this career. Being a marine requires commitment because once you complete basic you can’t leave until a minimum of 4 years have passed. Also, some people simply don’t have all the qualities that a marine requires.
To join the police, you should be at least 18 years old, although you can apply at 17 and a half years old. You will also need to meet a mandatory national standard of eyesight. If you aren’t a British citizen you should be an EU national or a citizen of a commonwealth country who has resided in the UK for at least three years before applying. Disabilities that qualify under the 2010 equality act are guaranteed an interview. If you are in debt or won’t be able to manage on your salary you will be considered ineligible because of your access to information and the risk of corruption by outside influences. There is a vetting process that will include a full financial history check. FitnessA police officer should have a certain level of cardiovascular fitness. During entry there will be a multi-stage fitness test, and any applicants must reach level 5. 4 to pass. Participants should keep going until they can no longer keep up with the beeps and the test is progressive so it gets slightly quicker every time the level increases. Running ahead of the beeps will result in disqualification, and if you fail to meet the line before the beep three times in a row you will fail.
There are no formal qualifications needed to become a police officer but you might need depending on which job you apply for. Police officers should also have certain characteristics. A police officer should be good listeners and have good communication skills, be respectful and have integrity Entry route If your application is accepted you will be offered the opportunity to sit the Standard Entrance Test. The test is made up of three papers that go over language, numbers and our ability to handle information. You have to pass all three tests to be able to go to the next stage. You can reset the SET three times but after the third fail you won’t be able to join the police. After the test you will attend an interview with two local recruiters. You will be expected to do research and prepare for your interview so that the recruiters can see your appreciation for the work you will be doing. The research should include information about the values, responsibilities and main purpose behind the police.
During the interview they will ask you about yourself. You should detail any experiences you have had and skills you have acquired. Some of these skills could include communications, efficiency, teamwork, respectfulness, self-awareness and your quality of work. You will then go to an assessment center for a one-day exercise. You will participate in three practical assessments that will gauge your ability to communicate effectively, work in a team, respect for everyone and problem solving. There is then an interview that assess some of the same things as well as your knowledge of the job, your leadership skills and how well you can work with a partner. If you pass all stages you will receive a provisional offer that is subject to withdrawal or deferment depending on your outcome of the final stages.
You will have to:
A Police officers’ job is to maintain law and order, protect members of the public and their property and to prevent if not solve crimes. However, policing is more complicated than this. As an officer you will normally have to work more than 40 hours a week in shifts. The police are an important part of any community, involved in major sporting events like football matches and the Olympics to working in classrooms. This is why being respectful of others beliefs and cultures is important. Policing is an unpredictable job that can be very challenging at times. There is no knowing what you may encounter day in, day out although knowing that you are actively making life easier and safer for others makes the job rewarding. As an officer you will interact with the community and be the primary response to incidents. You may have to search people, places or vehicles, interview suspects, victims or witnesses, make arrests and present evidence in court during your probationary period. Your probationary period will last two years before you can progress.
After your probationary period you will become a constable earning £27,000. After 10 years of experience you will receive the opportunity to become a sergeant earning up to £38,000. Your rank can increase all the way up to a chief superintendent earning up to £83,000 a year.
Being a police officer is a good career choice. As opposed to the marines it is a good job and you wouldn’t have to travel to far from home. Your pay as a police officer is very good especially if you show dedication to the job and progress through the ranks. It can also lead to different lines of work in the police such as CID, Armed police and counter terrorism. The job is also very rewarding. A negative aspect of a career as a police officer is that it is mentally taxing and time-consuming. The long shifts you might get would likely put strain on any relationships you might have.
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Get custom essayJoining the marines would be good as I want to see different parts of the world and travel but also because I want to experience something most people wouldn’t think about. Being a part of the marines also comes with a reputation and recognition that many including me envy. A big difference between the two careers is that the royal marines are a much bigger commitment. After your first six months if you decide not to leave you must serve a minimum of 3 years and give them a year's notice before leaving. The marines also require a much higher level of fitness. There are some really good different types of specializations I'm interested in for the marines like PTI or PWI. Joining the police is also a good option as I would be close to home and in a familiar area that I know which would also become part of my work environment. As a member of the police service there are also lots of different lines of work that I would potentially enjoy such as CID or armed police.
How does an engine work? Which thermodynamic cycle does it follow? Well, a Carnot cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that gives us the best efficiency possible. It involves two reversible isothermal transitions and two reversible adiabatic transitions. But what exactly is a Carnot engine? Let us study more about it below. Suggested Videos Carnot Engine Principles Carnot principles are only for the cyclical devices like heat engines, which state that: The efficiency of an irreversible heat engine is always less than the efficiency of a reversible one operating between the same two reservoirs.
Get original essayThe efficiencies of all reversible heat engines operating between the same two reservoirs are the same. To increase the thermal efficiency of a gas power turbine, it is necessary to increase the temperature of the combustion chamber. Like, turbines blades cannot withstand the high-temperature gas and lead to early fatigue.
This theorem states that no engine working between two given temperatures can be more efficient than a reversible engine working between the same two temperatures and that all the reversible engines working between the same two temperatures have the same efficiency, whatever the working substance may be.
According to the Carnot theorem, the reversible engine will always have a greater efficiency than the irreversible one. Let the reversible heat engine operate on a reverse cycle so that it's functioning as a heat pump (or refrigerator). Let the work input to this heat pump be from the work output of the irreversible engine. If you look at this closely, you will see that the net energy exchange in the reservoir This is a violation of the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics since there is no heat rejection in a sink, making this a perpetual motion machine of the second kind. This means that our initial assumption was false, thus proving elegantly that the Carnot theorem is correct.
The Carnot cycle is reversible representing the upper limit on the efficiency of an engine cycle. Practical engine cycles are irreversible and thus have inherently lower efficiency than the Carnot efficiency when operating at the same temperatures.
One of the factors determining efficiency is the addition of to the working fluid in the cycle and its removal. The Carnot cycle achieves maximum efficiency because all the heat is added to the working fluid at the maximum temperature.
The Carnot cycle is reversible representing the upper limit on the efficiency of an engine cycle. Practical engine cycles are irreversible and thus have inherently lower efficiency than the Carnot efficiency when operating at the same temperatures.
One of the factors determining efficiency is the addition of to the working fluid in the cycle and its removal. The Carnot cycle achieves maximum efficiency because all the heat is added to the working fluid at the maximum temperature.
The Carnot engine cycle when acting as a heat engine consists of the following steps: Reversible isothermal expansion of the gas at the "hot" temperature. Isentropic (reversible adiabatic) expansion of the gas. Reversible isothermal compression of the gas at the "cold" temperature. Isentropic compression of the gas.
One of the biggest national games that people ever have been in the United States is football. Some people say it’s dangerous, some are not. A lot of high schoolers play football, but what about kids? Should parents let their child play football?
Get original essayFootball should be allowed for kids to play football because it's good for their development. It is very important for kids to play such sports, because they make friends, communicate to accomplish the goals that they need to get to win in the game. John Mc. Clement said that: “All type of play important to child development” and that’s true because kids learn discipline, hard work, and teamwork when they play football.
For a lot of children, football it’s like a carrot on the stick that gives them a motivation to go forward. If the game was taken away from them, a lot of kids would be getting in trouble. Football gives children an activity to keep them occupied. Football should always be available to kids of all ages. Football is being targeted because it has the most violent hits, but kids risk head injuries in every sport.
Women's soccer players actually suffer more from concussions per contact by athletes in the United States. There is a girl named Brittni Sounder, she passed out from an asthma attack at the finish line, cause school track hit her head.
Should people ban soccer, or not let students run to prevent kids from getting hurt? Obviously not, because it's dangerous to even go on the street because a car might hit you. For every boy, it is mandatory to be strong and in a shape, football is keeping people fit which increases their chances to not get bullied in middle school, because of their weight. Joan Baker said that: “Football is a rough and aggressive sport”(Baker 3) It's true, but children flock to football in the hope of emulating their gridiron heroes, but many divert them to other sports to protect them. It's true, but children flock to football in the hope of emulating their gridiron heroes, but many divert them to other sports to protect them.
Some think children's brains are developing, and putting them through head trauma so early in life could cause irreparable damage. My personal experience started of hockey, when I was seven, later on after playing 6 years of hockey I decided to move on, on something else and went into soccer, I didn’t like it so in about 2-3 months I wanted to move over to something handsome and brutal and I found wrestling, I loved it, got a lot of friends and connections. I still think that was the best experience with sports I had in my life.
Sports teaches important life lessons, and the game is getting safer with better tackling techniques and equipment. When they are on the football field, they have a goal to meet, and a task to accomplish. They can take those lessons and apply them to school, work or other parts of their lives.
Construction failure has been recognized as one main cause of bridge collapse. However, it does not attract public attention because approximate 80% of bridge collapses caused by construction failure happened in the course of construction. It is understandable in that this type of collapse would not affect the contemporary traffic situation and would not pose threat to the citizens. Unfortunately, the lives of construction workers will be jeopardized, and the expense of demolishment and reconstruction will be significant.
Get original essayAlso, it should be noted that there is still roughly 20% possibility that the bridges collapse during their service life. As we all know, most catastrophic consequences attribute to the collapse during service life. Therefore, the deficient construction should not be neglected, and engineers can learn how to avoid it from relevant cases.
The purpose of this assignment is to highlight the importance of construction, illustrate two construction failure cases, and present what can be learned from them. The cases discussed below include West Gate Bridge and Seongsu Bridge.
Background
West Gate Bridge, located in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, is a steel box girder cable-stayed bridge, which spans the Yarra River separating the inner city and the suburbs. Its height above the water is 190 ft. The width is enough for eight lanes, and the total length reaches 8473 ft. the span between piers consists of 67 meters long concrete slabs and five steel box girders. The daily traffic flow is 160000. Due to the unique curving shape, the West Gate Bridge is one of the most remarkable architectures.
Collapse
On 15 October 1970, after two-year construction, the 2000 tons of span between the pier 11 and 12 buckled and then fell to the ground and the river. Beneath the span, there were several huts for the construction workers. When the collapse happened, some workers had a lunch break at their huts, and some still working inside the girders. Ultimately, this failure caused 35 fatalities and 18 injured. The collision of the ground and span induced the explosion of dust and mud, which spread out and shook the houses hundreds of meters away. The deafening sound could be heard 20 km away.
Cause
After the collapse, a royal commission had been assigned to investigate this disaster, and finally, they attributed this collapse to the construction method. According to Sean Bardy (2016), the construction method adopted was to halve each span along its length, prefabricate these half-spans, then lift them to the top of piers. In this approach, the lift load had been reduced by half, but the number of lifts had been doubled in the meantime.
Nonetheless, things did not go as well as they expected when this approach put into practice. Between Pier 10 and 11, one of the spans on the east-side encountered a problem. When the half-span was located on the pier, losing the support of the temporary trestles, the buckle was induced along the top flange of the span since the centerline of the bridge moved down when the two half-spans joined together.
Then, contractors thought the buckle would be mitigated when the span was in the ultimate position, so they kept lifting and sliding the span into the final position, instead of lowering the span to the temporary trestles to eliminate the buckle. However, once the span was put in the final position, there was nothing can be done to move back.
Afterward, the buckle was not reduced significantly when contractors finished the lifting and sliding work. Therefore, the decision was made to relieve some bolts of transverse splices on the top flange, thereby alleviating compression stress strength of top flange locally. Thus, the two top flanges can connect to one another after reducing the compressive strength of the top flanges to flatten out the buckle.
To avoid the occurrence of the same buckle, contractors took measures to stiffen the top flange for the west-side span. To achieve this goal, longitudinal stiffeners had been used, and the diagonal supports linking bottom flanges and top flanges also had been placed. This method proved efficient.
However, another problem came out that the vertical gap between the east-side span and the west-side span was so large that they cannot connect to each other completely. The next action taken to fix this problem was to place large mass concrete blocks on the half-span to shorten the gap. Unfortunately, this approach turned out to be wrong because it made the entire top flange of the west-side span buckle. Although the preventive measures had been taken, the extra massive load of the concrete blocks exceeded the limit of them.
One month passed away before contractors made a decision to remedy. They decided to adopt the same method as that used in east-side span, saying removing the bolts of transverse splices on the top flanges, but there was one significant condition they forgot: massive concrete blocks were still standing on the span. The neutral axis and the area of cross-section kept going down with the removal of bolts. Ultimately, the west-side span cannot carry the large load on it anymore, therefore dropping straightforward. The east-side span collapsed subsequently due to partially connected to the west-side span.
Background
Seongsu Bridge, located in Seoul, South Korea, is a cantilever bridge that has 4 lanes width and 1160 meters length. It is an important transportation junction linking the Seongdong and Gangnam districts and spanning over Han River. The construction was started in April 1977 and finished in October 1979.
Collapse
In the early morning, the rush hour on October 21, 1994, 15 years after putting into use, Seongsu Bridge collapsed during service life. One of the slabs at the middle of the bridge suddenly fell in Han River. Unfortunately, there were cars and a bus dropping down with the slab. The falling height is approximately 20 meters. This collapse caused 32 fatalities and 17 injured. Afterward, the government decided to rebuild this bridge since the deficiency of this bridge was too large to be repaired.
Cause
After investigation of this bridge’s failure, several factors were responsible for the collapse. First, poor welding is the main cause. Specifically, the structure beneath the slabs consisted of steel trusses, where welding was an integral role. However, the welding had been found insufficient, saying the strength of the welding did not meet the standard. Therefore, the fatigue crack initiated at the welding toe and kept propagating until rupture. At first glance, the fatigue crack was attributed to the collapse, but the truth is that the welding was not strong enough to resist the development of crack.
Moreover, the contractors were supposed to inspect whether the welding is sufficient by using X-ray or other techniques. Second, to prevent the road from freezing in winter, a significant amount of calcium chloride was spread out on the slabs. Chloride accelerated the deterioration and crack propagation of steel structure. Additionally, lack of regular and comprehensive maintenance promoted the occurrence of cracks.
From West Gate Bridge case, we can learn that the method using two half-spans is considerably hard to control, which specifically means the continuous problems come out in the course of construction. The different level of the buckle of spans is an obstacle preventing spans from connection fully.
The remedy methods the contractors used in West Gate Bridge also presented to us that using longitudinal stiffeners and diagonal support linking bottom flanges and top flanges is an effective way to mitigate the buckle of top flanges. From the case of Seongsu Bridge, we know that the quality of the welding, which sometimes does not catch people’s attention, could control the fate of the building. We would pay an extremely expensive price for neglecting the welding work. Moreover, regular maintenance is required for every architecture. The omission of the inspection is fatal.
Google Knol was a project created by Google that contains articles that have scope around science, geography, medical science, history, the entertainment industry, and information about maintaining a tool. This case report aims to analyze what factors cause Google to stop their product services, Google Knol. To create the conclusions about why Google Knol failed which analyze the problems to make solutions which Google should do in the past, I use the SCQ framework (Situation, Complication, and Key Questions), 3C (Customer, Company, and Competitor). In the analysis section also found a comparison between Google Knol and Wikipedia that stands in the same market.
Get original essayGoogle is one of the technological company in the world that focus on services and internet products. Google has also been a big technological company and might be monopolized the market in term of technology especially in the services and internet products. Take an example from its product, Google Drive, a cloud storage. On the event of Google Cloud Next on 2018 in United States of America, it is said that the number of user who uses Google drive right now has reached a number of 1 billion users within a period of six years. Comparing Google drive to same cloud storage such as Dropbox, which launched first than Google drive, it can only reach a number of 500 million users within a period of eight years.
Another example we can used to determine that Google is a big technological company in the world is by making a survey of the most common search engine on mobile devices. I am sure that the result might show that the most common search engine is Google search, because Google itself is very popular. Google itself launched the company into a technological company in the world in 1996 by Larry Page and Sergey Bin. They were a physical doctor student in University of Stanford, they started to make Google to become a private company on September 4, 1998. Since it was built, the growth market of Google has increased rapidly and has produced a lot of products and services, acquisition, also a cooperation with another company in a search engine.
There are a lot of Products or services created by Google that can be accessed to everyone in the world. In Advertisement, Google creates Google Ad sense, a service to offer the company to advertise their inventions, products, or services in Google, such as in You Tube. For those, who watched YouTube, must see an advertisement while trying to watch some videos in You Tube and it not just in a time, but many times. In search engine, which is the key Google that lead the company to become really popular and superior right now in the modern world, Google Search. It was a search engine in website or devices that is most often used by users all over the world. Also there is Google Maps, as it is named, it is a map that makes it easy for users to travel to their destinations. Google Maps is available on a mobile application also available on personal computers. In Communication, Google creates Gmail (Google Mail), which has principles such as email in general, but it is made simpler by connecting to the internet. Google is also famous for its Android, where most of the supporting applications in Android are products and services made by Google.
However, on the other hand, from the many successful services and products released by Google, there are also Google products that fail to show off compared to other competitors, one example is Google Knol. Google Knol was a service created by Google that is intended for users to create an article with the scope of the concepts of science, medical information, geography, history, entertainment, product information, and also instructions on how to fix a product. Knol itself stands for 'Unit of Knowledge' which refers to articles on projects that were written by the author. Google Knol was launched on December 13, 2007 and finally opened to the public on July 23, 2008.
Google Knol was a project created by Udi Manber which is a Google vice president of engineering. However, only 3 years since it launched, Google was rumored to be removing Google Knol services for the public. Google Knol was planned to be deleted precisely in November 2011. Because of this, the article content on Google Knol had been moved by the authors to pages like WordPress and Annotum. And finally, Knol was closed on April 30, 2012. All the article content written by its users was deleted on October 1, 2012 where the content were completely non-existent.
In Google Knol, each user must have a Google account to be able to register and write articles on Google Knol. The authors could write articles of any scope, ranging from scientific, medical, historical, geographic, entertainment industries, as well as instructions or maintenance procedures to a product. Each writer could write anything on the Knol page, but only the original author can edit their own article so that it can often be considered that the article in Knol is an article with the author's perspective. In addition, there was also Google Ad Sense where the author can get benefit from the advertising space in their article then the profits would be shared for both parties, it was Google and the author itself. There was also a system that was used to block spam in order to prevent fraud in the ad system itself.
In this section, there are some analyses of the failure of Google Knol to compete with other competitors that are in line with Google Knol. First, I try to describe the problem that was on Google Knol, which at the stage of describing the problem I used the SCQ framework (Situation, Complication, and Key Question).
From the framework above, in the Situation section that explains what situations that are the fact from Google Knol. In this section are the facts contained in Google Knol itself. In the Complication section, describe the problems that will arise from the situation. Then in the key question section, it is a way to formulate a question that matters to solve the complication. The Question that appears is 'What is the main factor why Google Knol is discontinued?'
After using the SCQ Framework, I also use framework 3C (Customer, Company, Competitors) to analyze the position of Goggle Knol if viewed from all three aspects. In these aspects there will be a key success factor that causes Google to stop its services. Customer analysis is used to analyze internal and external factors which sustenance the firm’s sustainability, Company analysis countenances us to see the internal organizational capabilities and formulate the Key Success Factor that necessary to the firm’s success. Then, Competitor analysis is used to help us articulating external factors. It is responsible for vision from wider perspective in relation to the part where the firm is missing and/or excellent at.
As explained above, in the company section there will be a / some key success factor(s) that affects the company. The key success factor obtained is that Google should be able to make different displays and innovations that should have been created because Google is a company that has many workers who are very active in making innovations. Another key success factor is the author's verification system in a scientific article.
Wikipedia as one of the competitors from Google Knol, in fact successful with what they have done. If Google Knol wants to survive, it means Google must analyze the patterns that are done by Wikipedia and must be accompanied by a change and capable innovation. Supposedly with the many resources that Google has, Google is able to create innovations. Therefore Google Knol continues to be associated with Wikipedia, even though both products in my opinion have their respective strengths and weaknesses.
In terms of article content, Google Knol has more convenience where users can write articles in any scope, while in Wikipedia there are scope limitations. In my opinion, this is an advantage that Google Knol has, so that more users will use Google Knol for writing. However, on the other hand, this might be unlimited where more users are free to use Google Knol, it will change Google Knol itself especially with availability Google Ad Sense so Google Knol users can only make hoax articles so that they are visited by many other users.
Then from the author's point of view, Wikipedia has a policy that everyone can edit the information contained in an article, while Google Knol has a policy that only authors can change the contents of the article. In my opinion, at this point, both have differentiation, on Google Knol maybe scientific articles will look original because they are not easily changed or edited by other users, where writing on Google Knol will also be verified by Google. Furthermore in terms of language, Wikipedia is very superior where Wikipedia provides many languages ??besides English, while Google Knol only provides one language, namely English.
Therefore, if Google Knol wants to survive, the need for new innovations is better. For example, updating the Google Knol page view itself to be more interesting and unique. Then, it would be very nice for Google Knol to filter articles into their parts. Suppose articles containing historical content must be combined with historical content. Then, the availability of other languages ??besides English, so that users who are not from English language can understand and can write on Google Knol.
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Get custom essayFrom the analysis of the thinking method described in the analysis and discussion section, it was found that the factors that failed Google Knol to compete with products similar to Wikipedia were page views similar to Wikipedia, only available in one language, namely English, verification control from writer of scientific articles. Therefore, Google Knol should make new innovations. For example, updating the Google Knol page view itself to be more interesting and unique. Filtering articles into their parts. Then, the availability of other languages ??besides English.