Murder, theft, or simply talking bad about somebody else, all of these instances bring up the question, do these actions deserve a second chance? There are many situations where a second chance is wanted, but not everybody deserves a second chance. Every situation is distinct and needs to be looked at from different angles. Every one of these opportunities depends on the person and the level of redemption that is needed. Second chances are not always guaranteed, but they can be earned.
Get original essayGiving somebody a second chance is all about personal opinions on if that individual deserves a chance at redemption. Wes Moore illustrates this in the book The Other Wes Moore when he is explaining when he got arrested for tagging a building but the police officer lets him go, “‘You kids are way too young to be in this situation. But you know what, I see kids like you here every day. If you don’t get smart, I am certain I will see you again. That’s the sad part.’... ‘I hope you really listened to what I told you,’ he whispered in my ear, opening up the other cuff to let both of my hands free”. The officer felt, in his opinion, that Wes was a well-behaved child, and he wouldn’t get in any more trouble after being told so. After this experience, Wes never got into any more trouble with the cops, and in the long run, ended up making his family proud. The police officers' opinions of Wes helped him make the best decision on what to do with him. When the police officer released Wes, he was giving Wes a second chance because he saw potential in him, if he hadn’t done that, things could have turned out completely different.
The attitudes that people have about their actions can help persuade somebody that they deserve a second chance. For instance, when Wes was in military school and was trying to leave he was given a second chance to decide if he wanted to stay to help turn his life around, “I was now a platoon sergeant, a cadet master sergeant, and the youngest senior noncommissioned officer in the entire corps. Three years ago I’d been one of the unsubordinated kids first entering the gates of Valley Forge. In an ironic turn, I was now one of the ones in charge of them ”. Wes’s attitude changed, and he completely turned his attitude around about staying in military school. Due to military school, Wes got to lead an amazing lifestyle that he was proud of. If he had kept a bad attitude and didn’t try, then things could have ended up differently, and he may not have been as successful, and he could have ended up like the other Wes Moore.
Now some people may feel that a second chance is deserved no matter what because people need a second chance to prove themselves and to show that they have changed. However, there is an abundance of ways people can show that they have changed, without being given a second chance and risking others getting hurt.
For somebody to earn a second chance they must be given an opportunity to prove that they have changed. Giving somebody a second chance and an opportunity to prove themselves are different, an opportunity is just the person proving themselves, while a second chance is letting that person go back to how things were before. Giving somebody an opportunity to prove themselves is a theme that is illustrated in We Were Liars, “‘Not your fault,’ says Johnny. ‘I mean, we all did it, we all went crazy, we all have to take responsibility. You shouldn’t carry the weight of it,’ he said. ‘Be sad, be sorry- but don’t shoulder it.’” Johnny, Gat, and Mirren all gave Cadence an opportunity to prove that the fire and the death of her cousins were an accident. Once the “liars” saw Cadence true intentions they felt that it was safe for her to have a second chance, and realized it was as much their faults as hers. They were all responsible for what occurred that night, and they shouldn’t only be angry at Cadence for it.
Depending on the consequences someone has after their action, they may have higher odds of earning a second chance. If somebody was put in a situation and they made a decision that hurt both them and the person they want a second chance from, they may be more likely to be given a second chance because they learned their lesson. The book We Were Liars By E. Lockhart was a great example of this, “I guess that is why they’ve been here. I needed them ”. Cadence had the consequence of losing her friends in the fire that she created and that hurt her just as much as it had hurt them. Due to this happening she experienced pain, both physically and mentally, therefore her friends decided to give her a second chance by coming back as ghosts. Cadence needed them to be able to heal mentally and forgive herself for what had occurred that night two years ago.
Second chances can vary from situation to situation, but one thing is certain, the motives of that person will be questioned. In life, second chances are not promised, but through many actions, they can be earned. In the end, people will make mistakes that result in the loss of trust from somebody else, but that situation can be handled by evaluating if that person deserves a second chance at redemption.
A Beautiful Mind is a biographical drama, which was directed by Ron Howard in 2001. Critics received it positively and some time later psychologists began to use it for teaching purpose. The movie is based on the true story. It depicts the life of John Nash, a prominent mathematician, who is paranoid schizophrenic.
Get original essayThe main character is really genius, but unfortunately, this fact does not mean that he cannot have a mental illness.He suffers from schizophrenia experiencing some symptoms that are characteristic for such a diagnosis, namely paranoid ideations, hallucinations, delusional thinking and distorted perception of reality. This disorder has a great impact on John’s everyday life, on his relations with friends and family and on his work as well.
Schizophrenia is a mental disease that is very serious and incurable. It affects many people and does not depend on the race, economic group or age. People, who suffer from it, have disorganized mind, behavior and language. They usually see, feel or hear the things that are not real. In most cases, the symptoms of schizophrenia come out in twenties or earlier but in the movie, they occur when Nash is 30. The main problem of John Nash is the absence of his ability to distinguish what is real and what is not. Anyway, he coped with the problem very accurately and neatly.
The film itself is a good portrayal of a mental disorder and that is why it is suitable for the research of different psychological concepts and topics. What is interesting, A Beautiful Mind tells not just the story of a schizophrenic, but it also depicts the effect the disorder has for the family, how it causes the breakdown of one’s reputation and the ability to combine schizophrenia and genius. To understand the main idea of the film and the peculiarities of the given case of schizophrenia, one should come to grips with the plot of the movie.
At the beginning of the film, John is a typical student of PrincetonUniversity. He shares his room with another student Charles who very quickly becomes his good friend. John is showed as unsociable person; he skips classes and likes to ‘spend time’ with numbers rather than with other people. He does not know how to communicate with women and they think he is brutal and rude. Being a student, John Nash begins to work on his game theory, which later becomes the most prominent of all his works.
After graduation, Nash starts working as a teacher of calculation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He thinks that his classes are useless but students like them and listen very attentively to whatever he explains. Once he gives his students a difficult task to cope with and later on one of the students, Alicia, comes to his office to discuss it and to present her solution. Eventually, young people fell in love and marry. They seem to have a happy family, to live calm live, but everything changes at a moment.
The world of Nash turns upside down after his visit to Charles, the friend of his who works at Princeton. After the meeting with friend and his niece, John runs into a man in black who works for the Department of Defense. The latter gives John a task to decode the messages from the Soviets that are implanted in numerous newspapers and magazines. This man also says that he has to work secretly and thus should place his reports in an unmarked mailbox. John follows all the instructions but he understands that it is not right and may have a bad impact on his life.
Exhausted with all that happens to him, John becomes paranoid and his wife notices it. Alicia does not know what to do. She wonders what the cause of her husband’s odd actions is. She calls to a psychiatric hospital and asks for help. Doctors take Nash to hospital, trying to explain that he is ill and needs treatment. Nash thinks that all these men are the Soviet agents and do not believe them until Alicia shows him all the documents that was considered to be ‘top secret’. Thus, John faces the truth and understands that all his work for the government was just a hallucination. He accepts the truth as it is and let psychiatrists help him.
After many painful shock therapies, Nash leaves the hospital and begins to live at home, where he has to take special antipsychotic drugs. These pills suppress his feelings and emotions and one day he stops taking them. In a short time, his delusions return. He does everything that agent tells him and continues decoding the secret messages. Once Alicia discovers that Nash has revived his ‘work for the government’ and tries to assure him in its nonexistence again, but the behavior of the schizophrenic makes her leave the house and run away. John sees Charles and his niece and at this very moment, he understands that they are just delusions as they have always been of the same age. This episode is the climax of the film that indicates the beginning of John’s struggle with himself and the harsh reality.
Nash realizes that the best way out is to ignore the delusions and to live an ordinary life. He thanks all of them for the memoirs and asks not to bother him anymore. Nash starts working with students in the library and finishes his work on the game theory. He is allowed to teach again. Once a man comes to Nash and informs him that he is to be awarded the Noble Prize for his game theory. Their conversation is the most touching moment of the movie, as professor’s colleagues honor him by giving him their pens. Eventually, he wins the Nobel Prize and gives a moving speech to the audience and his wife, who has managed to stay with him despite all hazards of life.
Speaking about John’s relations with other people and his influence on them, I may say that throughout the movie he is shown as socially withdrawn and awkward person. He communicates with his friends and Alicia but apart from them, he sees and hears his friend Charles, his niece and the agent of the Department of Defence, who are not real. Nevertheless, they are very vivid and real for the main character and they definitely influence his life and behavior. When he loses his reputation, students are afraid of him and cannot accept him and his genius. For people John Nash is just a mad person who is diagnosed as schizophrenic. The film A Beautiful Mind depicts the integration of an ill person into the society and displays how to cope with the mental disease.
John’s delusions have a very complex character. As for me, they symbolize some hidden features of his character as well as his intentions. Charles is a symbol of John’s desire to communicate, however he seems to be completely unsociable. The character of Charles’ niece tells about his innocence and desire to learn new information about the world. Finally, William Parcher is a symbol of John’s adventurism and readiness to apply his ‘beautiful mind’ to practice.
Describing the issue, one cannot help describing the effect of John’s illness on his wife Alicia. She is definitely hurt by it more than anybody else. She suffers great emotional stress and she feels helpless, as she cannot do anything to cope with John’s schizophrenia. This evidence from the movie proves that the mental illness has a great impact not only on the sufferer but also on the people around him. While the schizophrenic has to deal with the symptoms of the disease, his family is to accept his behavior.
My personal attitude to John Nash may be described as respectful and admiring and the reasons for it are obvious. He lost everything and faced a nasty illness, which destroyed all his life and plans for the future. He managed to overcome the problem and to live a successful life without paying attention to his delusions. They damaged his life and career and many people in such a situation will not be strong enough to live on.
However, he copes with it and deserves the public recognition and high esteem. It goes without saying, that his strengths surpassed his weaknesses and he learnt how to live with the illness and to remain a man and a good person despite everything. His example shows the audience that it is possible to live with difficulties, such as schizophrenia and to suffer its symptoms. It teaches us to understand people who either have this diagnosis or other mental illnesses.
I chose this movie because I think that its greatest achievement is the representation of schizophrenia to healthy population, who think about schizophrenic people as about those who just talk to themselves and do odd things. The movie A Beautiful Mind helps people to understand why these things happen and what ill people feel. What is more, they can understand that it is not very easy for schizophrenic just to pull himself together and live on.
Generally, this film is very interesting not only for common people but also for psychiatric educators who use it for teaching audiences about schizophrenia, its peculiarities and the impact it has on people. Other film’s strong points are the perfect cast and director’s work and good portrayal of the development of psychosis and its effects. Speaking about the clinical representation in the movie, one may say that it is true to life and that is why the film is worth being watched and analyzed.
The film makes me feel inspired and thoughtful. Intriguing story of John Nash cannot leave the audience indifferent because of the feelings it evokes. It tells us about the inspiration, love, life and troubles of the main character who teaches other ill people to remain strong and struggle with imagination for the sake of the family and its members. There are a lot of moving episodes in the film, such as the climatic scene when John realizes that he is ill at the end of the story.
After having watched the film, the majority of the audience is inspired to learn more about real John Nash and his life, which is a little bit different from the one depicted in the film. As for me, I like the main character of the film as well as his “beautiful mind”.
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Get custom essaySumming up, the psychology in A Beautiful Mind provides a good lesson for the ordinary people and it teaches them to practice their self-awareness. Despite the film is somehow different from the real life of John Nash, it is shot not to show the biography of a person but to depict the mental illness and to show how one may live with this problem. The main character managed to return to normal life by becoming self-aware and by ignoring the tiresome symptoms of schizophrenia. The movie depicts the constant struggle, which is not easy to endure. However, the main character could do this and achieved success.
Amber alert is an adoption by the United States Department of justice in cases of children adoption. One can also refer to it as the Child Abduction Emergency which is an alert system in cases of children abduction. AMBER is an acronym for the name, America’s Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response. Most of us must have been privileged as not to undergo injustices related to abduction but this crime has continued to happen in our street, hoods and residential areas throughout the country. This alert system was named after Amber Hagerman who was abducted at age 9 and killed in Arlington, Texas (Ullman et al., 206). It works on the basis that it brings together both tools about law enforcement and the media at large to notify the public of the missing child. The primary purpose of the creation of this alert system is to bring back missing children to be joined with their families. A nationwide survey shows that this system has been crucial saving a total of five hundred and ninety-five children.
Get original essayMy preview statement for this speech will be to tackle on a critical analysis on how the AMBER alert system works to enable us as a class to appreciate this high-speed information passing technology. Secondly, I will address the reason why this topic is relevant to our daily lives activities and as a member of one particular family that in one way or the other can be faced with such misfortune. Lastly, I will address and give account as to why I chose this topic and the reason as to why I feel I am in a position to resolve this matter in length and satisfaction
I would like now to give you a critical analysis of how this system works and why it is a significant boost in fighting criminology as well as injustices. The amber alerts are spread across the country in the event of such cases of abduction being reported by the aid of Emergency Alert Systems and the NOAA Weather Radio. This kind of information from these two organs is conveyed to the public through the use of commercial radio stations in the country, social media pages, satellite radios as well as televisions and cable TVs (Griffin et al., 2008) . This message is spread widely with the help of short messages, emails, traffic condition signs and even electronic billboards. This is often done to ensure message reach the highest number of people as possible.
To support this even further, the Amber alert system has created a Google platform referred to as Google Child alert to enable rapid response in cases of identification. For an Amber Alert to be effected a decision must be critically made by either the state police or highway police as to whether the missing child cannot be fully traced and the public’s aid is urgently needed (Griffin et al., 2007). The AMBER Alert often contains some critical details of the lost child which include, the name of the child abducted and his or her description based on age, sex complexion, height, body size, clothing on abduction date and any unique thing to the missing child. The suspected abductor and the vehicles descriptions if so need be.
It is important to note that the use of the system is a bit strict in that it must meet specific criteria to avoid being dismissed by the public as hogwash. The United States Department of justice gave out a guideline and conditions to which must be met before triggering AMBER alert (Hammond et al., 2010). I will take you through the four of them; firstly, the law enforcement must confirm that abduction has taken the place of which to confirm this, a parent, relative or interested party must report the matter to the police. Second, the child must be at a risk of severe bodily harm or death; this point, however, has often been overlooked by many law enforcement urgencies. Third, a sufficient description of the child and captors vehicle must be explicitly given, and lastly, this child must be below eighteen years of age.
The relevance of this topic on AMBER alert is that it is traumatizing how some children leave their families in the hopes of reuniting later on in the day or afterward, but this dream is often short-lived in the events of abduction. This has often brought about the state of unrest and panic amongst the families faced with such misfortunes. It was important that I present this topic to the class so that as a class we can be able to appreciate the alerts often generated by the system in such cases of emergency (Zgoba et al., 2004). This is to challenge every one of us on the fact that it is a painful situation that parents and family go through in cases of abduction and needs to be supported by showing solidarity.
No one wants to be in a situation of discomfort, tragedy or unrest that is the reason as to why I found this topic relevant. There have been numerous cases of children abduction in our neighborhoods which have made it difficult for each of us to cope. Families and children often live in fear not knowing when they will be victims of such atrocities. In as much as it is the mandate of the police to offer protection to the citizens, we can also take up this responsibility to educate members of our society within our reach on this system to help in such trying scenarios. As scholars, we need to be up to date with current issues and the fact that this method of alert appreciates the use of the internet we are at the helm of supporting the society by the fact that we are the generation which has recognized the use of web overwhelmingly.
The Amber Alert system use has been on the rise for the past ten years, and as to this, I thought it was important to share with the class this wonderful invention. We keep reading the news, court cases as well as social media of people complaining of children abduction. Well some of them are not aware of the Amber Alert System or even the best channel to express their grievances. This can also be attested to by some of the class members not aware of this system. It was so that I update some of us of the current state of things. This topic has a more profound insight of humanity, and it was meant to challenge the class to be able to be each other’s keepers and push them to embrace the system. As well it was to enable me appreciate the impact technological advancement is making in support of humanity and fighting crime (Satyanarayanan et al., 2011).
Well I feel I am the best person to address this topic being that I have researched it for a while and understood the basic concepts under which it was constituted. Secondly, it is important to give reference to a story I read in the local dailies of a family suffering due to the abduction of their only child. This affected my psychology, and I was challenged to understand what the government is doing concerning the issue, and that’s how I came about this wonderful invention that has helped bring back five hundred and ninety-five missing children. In simple terms, this topic was to appreciate the humanity in me always mindful of things affecting the human race.
In conclusion, I would like to state categorically that this invention brought about by the introduction of technology is one very crucial one in support of the increased cases of children abduction in the United States. By the effort of the Amber Alert missing children have been reunited with families making it one of the best adoptions by the department of justice in the country to minimize such cases. A significant shortcoming of this system that is sure most of you will be questioning is why the system does not support all such claims (Miller et al., 2009). It is important to note that everything has a shortcoming, but also this is in accordance to ensure that citizens are given something they can completely relate to and can be of help.
Budgeting a project is extremely important. It can be argued as one of the most important aspects of a project. De Waal (2005) states, “Traditionally, budgeting is considered to be one of the most important management tools to steer the organisation, evaluate its performance and motivate its people” (p. 56). Budgeting can make or break a project and can be extremely difficult. There are several approaches to budgeting a project. Project managers must consider several aspects of the project before selecting a budgeting process. The two main processes are top-down and bottom-up budgeting. Top-down budgeting involves upper management providing an estimated overall budget based on past experiences. In contrast, bottom-up involves sub-tasks of the project being identified and budgeted first. Both processes can be useful depending on the type of project.
Get original essayWhen budgeting a project, a commonly used process is top-down budgeting. Top-down budgeting involves passing the budget down the chain to be further broken down into sub parts. The highest management makes judgments based on past experiences from similar projects. The upper management estimates the cost of the project and the sub-projects. The budget is continuously passed down to lower-management down to the lowest level of the organization (Meredith, Mantel, & Shafer, 2015). Top-down budgeting is useful if tasks and activities of the project are unknown. For example, if an executive of a company decides to host an annual sales-meeting the organization might use top-down budgeting. If upper management is unsure of the subtasks of the meeting, top-down budgeting might be ideal. Since the meeting is annual the upper management can estimate costs based on prior years. One advantage of top-down budgeting is small costs do not need to be identified in the budget (Meredith, Mantel, & Shafer, 2015). When there is uncertainty of small tasks top-down budgeting might be considered. Another advantage of top-down budgeting is that agreeable budgets can typically be estimated easily. The downside is certain elements might be miscalculated (Meredith, Mantel, & Shafer, 2015). Top-down budgeting is ideal for projects with unknown subtasks however, it is not as accurate is bottom-up budgeting.
Unlike top-down budgeting, bottom-up does not start with upper management and work its way down. Bottom-up budgeting is the opposite. Tasks, schedules, and individual budgets are considered first. Estimates are then based off resources which is then turned into the dollar amount. Throughout the bottom-up budgeting process, the people involved within the project are consulted to confirm the budget is enough to cover the sub-project (Meredith, Mantel, & Shafer, 2015). Bottom-up budgeting is an extremely organized process. Since each element of the project is considered it is more accurate than top-down budgeting. There is less room for error when using this process. For example, the reserve is included within the budgeting process. The reserve includes a budget for unknown complications along the way (Meredith, Mantel, & Shafer, 2015). The reserve is like a safety net. It is there to protect incase of a fall. Bottom-up budgeting is beneficial because it considers all elements of the project and includes a safety net.
Top-down and bottom up budgeting differ in several aspects. For example, top-down relies on upper-management to estimate the overall cost unlike bottom-up which relies on the sub-tasks. When a project’s tasks are defined then bottom-up scheduling is ideal. For instance, if a company decides to build a new office location than bottom-up scheduling might be ideal. Since the project involves several sub-tasks that can mostly be defined such as constructing the floor, walls, windows, and electric the organization should use bottom-up budgeting. If a company is budgeting a project with several unknown subtasks than top-down budgeting might be ideal. Top-down budgeting might be ideal if the upper management has a strong experience to rely on. If a company has an annual project such as a sales meeting or company outing, they can use the past to estimate the project. It is important to remember with top-down budgeting that with the advantages lessen with more sub-projects or tasks (Kim and Chung-Keun, 2006). Top-down budgeting is truly ideal only for projects that do not have several sub-tasks.
In conclusion, it is very important for companies to use a budgeting process to receive a more accurate estimate. Top-down budgeting relies heavily on experience, upper management’s opinion, and does not focus on the sub-tasks. In contrast, bottom-up budgeting starts by defining the tasks and consulting how much each aspect of the project will cost. Overall, top-down budgeting is more common because it is less intensive but bottom-up budgeting is more effective because it considers several aspects.
On 10 April, this year scientists were finally able to do the unthinkable: they allowed humanity to look straight into the abyss of a super-massive black hole and take a photo like it’s some kind of tourist attraction! Today it turns out, that even after such accomplishments we still don’t know much about black holes at all, as one of them challenges all scientific community with new impossible feats. In the middle of July 2019 black holes puzzled astronomers once again. New observations made possible thanks to famed Hubble telescope by the team of European scientists. Their study showed that a relatively small and starving of consumable matter black hole situated at the core of NGC 3147 contradicts all of our expectations by mimicking its much bigger siblings almost completely. To show you how exceptional this discovery is, I will have to start up from the basic question.
Get original essayWhat is a black hole? It’s the tiniest and heaviest object possible in the Universe, it can swallow entire stars with ease and appears absolutely invisible to a human eye. But wait a minute! What was that giant definitely visible orange thing on pictures then? Did scientists deceive us with another computer simulation? No. Not at all. The photos are as real as it gets. Except the image on photos is not of a Black Hole itself. Let me explain. Every black hole once was a shining star just like any other you can see in the night sky. At the end of its life, a star can collapse onto itself and condense all of its enormous mass into a tiny dot of space. Such an incredibly dense object will produce a gravitational force that will almost tear a hole in time-space itself and bend the sole matter of reality around it. Since the moment of collapse, this monstrous gravity will attract and eagerly consume every piece of matter around it. Even the lightest and the fastest particles in the Universe like photons of which light consist would not be able to escape this unstoppable force. The core and the center of mass this virtualized black hole has is called a singularity. This is the single cause of all madness that’s going on around near black holes. The mass of this thing can go from hundreds of millions of the Sun’s mass to hundreds of billions! And it takes so little space in volume, that its density is almost infinite. No wonder this thing seemingly breaks all the laws of physics!
In fact, it’s the density that is most exciting about black holes. You see, it turns out that any object can become a tiny black hole if compressed enough. For example, our planet will have to become no more than a third of an inch to become a tiny singularity of its own kind and start to bend reality around itself. Of course, this can’t happen at all, but it happens to exhausted stars. The surrounding space near the singularity is the notorious event horizon. This is exactly why black holes are called black, though it’s not entirely true. Normally, you can tell that something is black because this color doesn’t reflect light at none of its wavelengths. The event horizon of black holes is black because none of the light that gets in them can escape it at all. Black holes are not black, they are completely absent from the visible world, they are not just invisible – they are more than a tangible manifestation of nothingness for any light-sensitive device. The one and only of its kind in the whole Universe. The thing that makes black hole visible and is depicted in the recently released photos of one lies beyond the event horizon. It’s called the accretion disk. This brightly luminous disk of matter, swirling towards the center of a black hole like in a giant drain forms a quasar. Quasars have their place among the oldest celestial bodies known to humanity because their immense brightness can outshine a total light of a whole bunch of stars put together. This brightness is achievable because all the mass, that surrounds a black hole is rotating around it on a tenth of the speed of light. A movement so fast leads to constant outbursts of radiation and some of it shows itself in the visible specter as light and heat.
Accretion disks consist mostly of superheated gas and space dust and the speed of its movement is the bigger the closer it gets to the event horizon. The biggest and the shiniest accretion disks are considered to have supermassive black holes situated in cores of the biggest and brightest galaxies. And it’s fairly easy to guess why. The more matter a black hole has to feast upon the bigger its mass. Its event horizon also gets bigger and accretion disk forms around it. This is exactly the reason why the NGC 3147’s black hole is so unique. It isn’t supposed to have one, but it has. Let’s compare some galaxies and black holes in their centers to further elaborate on this glaring difference. The brightest in every way example can be the black hole in the middle of the largest galaxy known to us in existence and also the brightest galaxy of its cluster. This galaxy is so large that it would be pretty hard to imagine it using just numbers. Imagine if this colossus would replace our own galaxy. If that would happen it would not only take a place of the Milky Way but also of several neighbor galaxies we have around altogether. This colossus is the IC 1101 galaxy. When it was first discovered, it was taken for a huge orange nebula – an aftermath of the supernova explosion. It took several years to get to the shocking truth – the orange color we see is the light of probably 100 trillion stars collected in one elliptical galaxy. Most of them were looking like ancient red dwarf stars, giving away their tired yellow and orange light. But the biggest surprise was hiding in the middle of it. The supermassive black hole in the core of IC 1101 suits its huge galaxy well. This terrifying monster is heavier than about 40 billion masses of the Sun. The accretion disk is as huge and luminous as it can be expected. It is pretty similar to this one black hole from the photos. Only such huge black holes sometimes called ultramassive, give us a rare chance to visibly detect them.
Let’s move closer to our home for a minute. Our galaxy is much, much smaller than IC 1101 and not as luminous. The Milky Way is just 100,000 light-years across – sounds like nothing when compared to supposed 6 million light-years of IC 1101 diameter. But our galaxy is still rich enough to feed its black holes properly. The most notable black hole in the Milky Way is in the Sagittarius constellation, right in the middle of the spiral of stars that our galaxy basically is. We are 26,000 light-years from it and it is more than 4 billion times heavier than the Sun, which makes it a supermassive black hole. Although Sagittarius A-Star black hole is shrouded by gas clouds from our point of view, and we can’t see it, scientists were able to get an image based on radio spectrum eradiation coming from its accretion disk. And then we have spiral galaxy NGC 3147 130 million light-years away from us. This galaxy is considered to be small and not dense enough to constantly feed something as big and powerful as supermassive black-hole in the other two examples. Black holes in these galaxies are often called starving black holes for a reason. It is expected, that black holes in the position this unfortunate can’t have furious swirling accretion disks around them. It’s far more probable that it would have some concentrated gas around it in a shape more akin to a donut and of course it won’t be nearly as luminous. Still, against all odds, NGC 3147 has the same kind of accretion disk as its bigger siblings. According to our knowledge, this is almost impossible, and this galaxy was selected precisely to find a black hole with no accretion disk. As they say, there is no negative result in scientific research. Sometimes unexpected findings can teach us a lot more than pure success.
For now, no one knows how this starving black hole can support this disk in its shape while being malnourished. To uncover this secret Hubble gets busy searching for other galaxies with lesser luminosity to find black holes in it and look if they show similar abrupt qualities. It will not only allow astronomers to study accretion disks of starving black holes but also will present a unique opportunity to test Albert Einstein’s theories of relativity. The disk of NGC 3147’s black hole placed so deep near the event horizon, that light it emitting is twisting like nowhere else. This is exactly what scientists had been looking for. There is no better place to delve into the fabric of laws, ruling the relations between time and space than a reality-bending black hole with such rare properties.
A long-distance relationship (LDR) is a personal relationship between partners who are geologically segregated from each other. Partners in LDRs confront geographic partition and absence personal contact. LDRs are especially pervasive among students constituting 25% to half of all LDRs. The long-distance relationship has tormented undergrads and individuals moved for work for a very long time. These relationships are viewed as bound to flop, however would they say they are really making more grounded bonds than a geologically nearer relationship? (Firmin et al, pg. 57-71.)
Get original essayHappiness in relationships, ability to be love and to love and positive emotions, caused by these relationships is the important factors in people’s life. Even if most of the people don’t agree it, we are searching for close relationship, for spiritual moral satisfaction and for happiness in love. However the nervous waiting for her or his phone call, even deep feelings and mutual interest do not mean that the happiness will last for ever. The main issue is that any relationship requires much investment – investments support understanding, trust, effort and time. The situation gets harder, when two partners are not living in the same area. During ancient times, individuals used to build romantic relationships particularly inside their own location. Only the innovation of several types of communication and transportation made long-distance relationships practical. Furthermore, the brightest horizons are free for partners, similarly– a number of queries and challenges arise: do such types of relationship have a future? Is my colleague really devoted and sincere? It is not simple to answer all these queries unambiguously, however we will look for the arguments, proving, that partners, which are bound by long-distance relationship have the best chances to maintain a serious, strong, perspective relationship, by putting effort on building mutual trust, love, care and commitment.
As we have already indicated, along with invention of transportation and communication services, more people are motivated to make up long-distance relationships. The start of that communication is similar to the usual meeting of the two people, sharing the information about one another, getting to understand one another better. However, there is a benefit that non-local individuals are in a position to utilize– they can develop their relationship more gradually, there are a lot of possibilities to know over the stage of relationship each one of the partners needs to build.
Those against long-distance relationships always underline the challenge of sense of loneliness. On the one hand an individual is involved into relationship, on the other hand, her or his close partner is not nearby and as a cause the feeling of anxiety, frustration puts a great pressure. In real sense, there are many local relationships, in that individuals experience all the similar things, for instance, due to work one or both of the partners have to travel much, or in some military families, in which men are to abide to orders, they receive and usually can not spend much time with their partners, like they would wish to. The challenge is actually similar, thus the remedy is also similar – not to put your life on hold. It indicates that an individual should not allow concentration on his loneliness feeling, should stop feeling sorry and pity about herself/himself and the condition, rather on the contrast, should do the things, that are interesting to her or him, that will bring satisfaction, that will contribute to their individual, spiritual, physical and intellectual development. A hobby and work would be the best variables. Under no circumstances should an individual remain in separation from family members, from colleagues and from friends. All these types of social ties could make a vital contribution to preventing the environment of abandonment and loneliness. Besides, self-sufficient and successful individuals are much more attractive to their partners, than unhappy and depressed ones (Stewart et al, pg.13-26).
Another significant issue of long-distance relationships may be error in assumptions about the states of mind of the partner, about the relationship itself, about feasible arrangements or even some minor regular subtle elements. Once more, for a few partners, living locally near each other it is additionally hard to beat the impediments in true communication with each other. The truth of the matter is that lone by means of communication, which is open and based on common regard, it is conceivable to abstain from misconception, disillusionment and passionate damages. Regardless of the possibility that it is important to talk about the most troublesome question, whether to spare or to end the relationship, it is constantly better to open your cards and be totally fair. Or maybe frequently, the issues emerge, when one partner puts all his or her exertion into building the relationship and the second one is recently tolerating this exertion. This is additionally a decent topic for open and clear talk.
Presently, when we appear to have talked about all the conceivable negative things, which can destroy the relationships, both normal and long-distance, we ought to quickly say the things, which can add to positive improvement of the relations (Petersen et al, pg. 8). Regardless of the possibility that you are a long way from your partner, luckily this doesn’t imply that there is minimal opportunity to impart all the more regularly and to make pleasant sudden shocks. A pack of blooms in the morning or following a persevering day, regardless of the possibility that it was sent in a connection to your email, can light up the day for your dearest lady. A portable message, sent amid the bustling day, can unwind, if there are encouraging statements and care inside. Unquestionably these are just a few cases, in all actuality there is an incredible number of things, which should be possible to keep the sentiment alive (Weiner et al, pg.662-672.).
Distance relationships might be progressively embraced by double profession partners eventually in their life course. Despite the fact that this can make it hard to quantitatively quantify the degree of distance relating, subjective investigation of Distance relationships guarantees to give extensive knowledge into the changing way of personal lives over the life course. What starts to develop is a photo of distance relating as offering certain conceivable outcomes in connection to the gendered association of enthusiastic work and of care in conjunction with the interest, particularly of expert, professions. These conceivable outcomes may be more reasonable, notwithstanding, at specific focuses in the life course. All things considered, this new type of times of partition between partners, disclose to us an extensive sum about how individuals approach the difficulties of keeping up a wonderful and populist hint life, including minding associations with others, inside contemporary social conditions.
Long-distance relationships have been uninvestigated for a number of years. The reason is that the public believes it is not common and abnormal. Recent studies have researched on how partners cope with problems, such as stress and jealousy, but until recently, several studies have determined that long-distance relationships are not usually problematic. Some surveys even indicate that long-distance partners have equal or better relationship qualities than geographically close partners. This study was designed to check what exactly happens in long-distance relational communication, specifically in comparison to geographically close ones.
Participant Action Research, or Action Research for short, is a highly participatory, experiential, and reflective research method in which the dominant purpose is to foster social change. This paper will outline what Action Research is and how it originated, types of Action Research and how to operationalize this methodology, and its advantages and limitations, concluding by highlighting the contexts this method is most appropriate for and offering suggested changes to bolster Action Research’s impact and overcome its limitations.
Get original essayAction Research has a multi-disciplinary background, with roots in psychology, anthropology, sociology, feminist studies, nursing studies, and education. While the disciplinary diversity has led to various strains of the method, the following common threads binding all flavors of Action Research have emerged:
A core tenant of Action Research is its collaborative nature, whereby a researcher views research subjects as co-authors, and works alongside them to shape the research objectives and results. Another key aspect of this methodology is reflexivity; while not unique to Action Research, it could be argued that reflexivity is amplified in this method more so than in others.
Action Research is cognizant of the study population's history, culture, activities, and emotions, and expressly encourages participants to reflexively examine the issues affecting them or their community. Action Research is also experiential in that its primary purpose is to provide participants with a means to take action and overcome their specified problems. The researcher’s role in Action Research is not to objectively observe, but rather to work alongside the group under study, partnering with them to guide the research.
Action Research is most often employed at a local (as opposed to macro) level by targeting particular problems in specific situations with small-scale theorizing. It has dual goals: to distill knowledge that will be directly applicable to a defined group; and to empower each individual in that group (rather than just leaders or elites), to implement and utilize the information produced by the research.
The key differentiators of Action Research from other methodologies include its value-laden purpose, collaboration with the very people it studies, and its simple and easily comprehendible language – in contrast to the statistical programs and sophisticated techniques associated with other methodologies.
It is widely agreed that there are three categories of Action Research, although scholars have called them by differing names, there is alignment on the purpose and process of each. The Technical/Scientific/Collaborative mode of Action Research is distinguished by a researcher identifying a specific problem after collaborating with a practitioner, and then relaying information to this practitioner, who in turn oversees the knowledge transfer and utilization by the group in question. Using this mode, the researcher identifies an intervention based on a prespecified theoretical framework, and only interacts with a practitioner, rather than the study population.
Another form of Action Research is the Practical/Mutual Collaborative/Deliberate mode, which is more flexible than the aforementioned version and prioritizes a concern for emancipating and empowering participants. One limitation of this approach in comparison to the above mode, is a reduction in control and precision, however practitioners of this typology are not concerned with this because those are not considered to be the primary goals.
The third and final mode of Action Research is Emancipating/Enhancing Critical Science, which “promotes emancipatory praxis in the participating practitioners; that is, it promotes a critical consciousness which exhibits itself in political as well as practical action to promote change”. Ultimately, this version of Action Research aspires to converge theory with real-world issues, and then use that intersection to enlighten participants to their problems by “lifting their veil of clouded understandings” and “raising their collective consciousness”. This mode professes that merging theory and enlightenment emancipates participants, which then results in action and change.
Action Research is operationalized by the four-step plan, act, think, and reflect model. The planning stage is where research questions are identified by the researcher facilitating the population in an examination of their circumstances in order to recognize their problems, often via focus groups. The researcher could also independently identify a problem and present it to the participants to obtain their agreement and buy-in.
Acting, the second phase, is comprised of data collection and information gathering, which is largely dependent on the research question, researcher preference, and limitations due to the population or contextual factors.
The third phase, thinking, involves analyzing and then relating the data to potential resolutions to the problems identified at the onset of the research process. In Action Research, the guiding analytical questions through which to filter data are ‘why, what, how, who, where, when.’ It is critical that results are determined collaboratively with participants via focus groups or other meetings. Action Research mandates that results are agreed upon by all participants and are seen to reflect the perceptions of every participant in the population in question. Finally, it is crucial that participants are given the opportunity to review data throughout the interpretation process – not just once results are complete – and are generally kept apprised of research activities and progress.
The fourth and final phase is reflecting, in which the researcher shares results with participants in order to empower them to work together to bring about change. This can take the form of meetings, a formal written report, a project website, a video, or even a dramatic role-played reenactment. What is key though, is that the results are presented in an actionable and easily comprehendible language, so participants can employ the findings with limited barriers to access.
One of Action Research’s benefits is that it offers a simple, easily operationalized process, eliminating the need for statistical models or sophisticated frameworks. Another benefit is time efficiency, as these phases can be conducted fairly quickly, which is one reason why this methodology is favored in for-profit settings, which often operate on quicker turnaround times than in academia. Depending on the researcher’s perspective, a third benefit could be said to be its applicability and ability to drive tangible change and real-world results.
As no methodology is perfect, a frank discussion of Action Research’s limitations and flaws is needed. First of all, the level of participant involvement required throughout the study, but particularly in the data analysis phase, results in some feasibility challenges. For instance, while this method explicitly states that data should be discussed amongst participants in order to agree on its analysis, power dynamics, anonymity, and confidentiality between participants is not considered. These factors have the potential to significantly impact the willingness of participants to share their perspectives, preventing a candid discussion of the data between all participants.
Another critique of Action Research that also relates to feasibility is the requirement that accounts, or results, reflect the perspectives of all stakeholders in the study population. In order to reflect the accounts of all stakeholders, a researcher must speak with and listen to all stakeholders, which can be incredibly challenging with large populations, populations with exceptionally busy participants, participants of import or prestige that may not make the time, or other such scenarios.
Another feasibility-related limitation is the methodology’s requirement that the researcher must make every effort to keep all stakeholders informed of progress and activities, granting them the ability to share feedback and input throughout the process. On the most basic level, obtaining progress seems challenging if the researcher must be constantly open to input and re-writes from participants. First of all, it is possible participants’ edits will contradict one another, resulting in a cyclical repetition of revisions.
Additionally, one of the benefits of Action Research is its time-efficiency yet taking the time to share a regular cadence of updates and requests for input to a potentially large group of participants can be time consuming in and of itself, but the additional time consumed by working with participants on revisions and halting further progress to revise an earlier section could become quite tedious. Action Research requires that the researcher share results with participants, which is completely reasonable and to be expected, however, scholars in this method have stated that researchers should go above and beyond a traditional write-up, and argue for project webpages, videotaped narrative explanations of results, or even dramatic role-played reenactments.
While translating the results into an easily comprehensible version for participants seems to be an ethical and respectful step, the aforementioned gestures seem overly burdensome, expensive, and time-consuming, and should not be stated as best practices, but rather as suggestions.
Another critique is the value-laden nature of this method. While many methodologies accept inherent researcher biases, Action Research’s foundation is researcher subjectivity, with the researcher’s relation to participants more of a hands-on partner than objective observer. While this characteristic in and of itself is not a limitation, the resultant ethical issues can be intricate and must be dealt with carefully.
The overly simplistic expectation of change inherent in the Emancipating/Enhancing Critical mode of Action Research can also be viewed as a weakness. This mode asserts a linear, causal relationship between theory and enlightenment, which merge together to emancipate participants and produce change and action. However, this mode could be argued to be demeaning to participants, underestimating their intellect and awareness until a researcher arrives to enlighten them to their own problems. Additionally, many issues can be complex, not easily solved by shining a light on the issue and talking through solutions with all participants, and this mode does not account for networked, cyclical, or any other pattern of change.
A final critique is related primarily to the Practical/Mutual Collaborative/Deliberate mode and the longevity of the interventions implemented as a result of an Action Research project. It is not uncommon for the positive changes brought about as a result of the research project to subside once the researcher leaves the participants and ends the study.
Considering one driving force behind selecting Action Research as a methodology is its ability to address and solve tangible problems, if the interventions are not sustainable long-term once the study has ended, then the method is rendered impotent. Action Research, like any other method, has its strengths and limitations. However, it retains value and utility, as long as study’s purpose, research question, and context are aligned with the method.
Action Research is an appropriate method to consider if one is working in a real-world setting, as opposed to a laboratory environment, since its primary focus is solving real-world problems. Additionally, Action Research is a worthy candidate if a researcher must involve participants, a change or solution must come about quickly, and when circumstances require flexibility. It is primarily utilized by practitioners, social change activists, or academics that have been asked by an organization to address a specific issue.
On a final note, a few potential solutions to overcome some of Action Research’s limitations will be suggested. Regarding the feasibility-related critiques, slightly limiting participant interaction could serve to mitigate some of the issues around cyclical revisions, meeting with hard-to-reach participants, and time-efficiency. For instance, the method could require that a majority of participants partake in data analysis but remove the mandate on 100% participant involvement.
In order to overcome the critique of intervention success longevity, it could be beneficial to appoint one or a few participants as change leaders and equip them to ensure the interventions continue to remain once the researcher has departed. In relation to the overly simplistic linear relationship between theory, enlightenment, and change, Action Research should expand to adequately address scenarios that do not fit that narrow definition, perhaps in the form of a spiral or network, incorporating the review and revision of interventions as necessary. It would also behoove Action Research to address the inherent power dynamics present in almost any group or organization, and account for them in the data gathering, analysis, and write-up process.
Those not in power or holding a minority opinion can avoid voicing opinions and concerns for a variety of reasons, but it will negatively impact the results by leaving out some perspectives and relaying the false appearance of comprehensiveness, potentially allowing interventions to be implemented that do not address a large piece of the problem. Whether it be a greater focus on interviews as compared to focus groups, utilizing pseudonyms, or identifying other ways to ensure participant anonymity and confidentiality, and minimize participant power dynamics, Action Research’s results have the opportunity to be much more impactful.
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Get custom essayIn conclusion, Action Research aspires to bring about social change via a highly participatory and reflexive research process. It emphasizes engaging all participants in a population and works to identify and address an issue impacting that population. While the method has received some critiques, primarily around feasibility of certain requirements, but also in regard to the longevity of the change produced by the research, an overly simplistic expectation of change by means of enlightenment, not accounting for participant power dynamics and anonymity, and questionable ethics around the value-laden nature of the method, there are contexts where Action Research could be an appropriate method to deploy. This paper has provided an overview of Action Research’s history, the various types of it and how it is operationalized, as well as its benefits and limitations, and suggested ways to overcome those critiques.
“Criminal profiling is the process of using behavioral evidence left at a crime scene to make inferences about the offender, including inferences about personality characteristics and psychopathology” (Torres, Boccaccini, Miller, 2006). Law enforcement, psychologist, academics and consultants use criminal profiling as an investigation tool to help identify major personality and behavioral characteristics. “Psychiatrists and psychologists were major contributors to the early development of criminal profiling”. This essay will discuss how criminal profiling began, became popular and the misconception that it helps solve cases.
Get original essayOne of the earliest profiles developed was by psychiatrist William Langer on Adolf Hilter in 1943 and not published until 1972. Psychiatrist, David Brussel’s profile, in 1956 of the New York “Mad Bomber” is the most cited example of criminal profiling. In both of those profiles, the psychiatrists were able to provide accurate details. The first article on criminal profiling was by Colin Campbell published in Psychology Today, 1976. Campbell asked researchers were called on to prove that they were better than bartenders at predicting traits and features of a criminal (Fox & Farrington 2018).
“While psychiatrists and psychologists made significant contributions to the early development of criminal profiling most of it today is conducted by trained law enforcement agents”. In the 1990’s profiling became a part of pop culture thanks in part to the Academy Award-winning film, The Silence of the Lambs, and many other movies that followed, along with popular television series and criminal profilers being featured on programs that are focused on criminal investigations. The term “profiling” is used by the general public, yet the FBI refers to it as “criminal investigative analysis”; others refer to it as “investigative psychology or “crime action profiling” (Winerman, 2004).
There are several reasons criminal profiling has become a popular misconception, one being the perception media plays in portraying it as effective; they report on the successful predations and disregard the misses. The second being “expertise heuristic”, this is when we place trust in someone because they claim to be an expert in a subject (Lilienfeld, Lynn, and Ruscio, 2009) and finally the P.T. Barnum Effect, when a person tends to find vague and general personality description believable.
Due to the limitations in finding participates, there is not much known about the evolution, current state or findings in the field of criminal profiling. 152 police psychologists reported that only 3% of their time is spent on profiling offenders, of which 70% questioned if the profiling work was valid. “Pinizzotto and Finkel (1990) examined the profiles generated by four current or former FBI profilers, six police detectives with profiling training, six police detectives with no profiling training, six clinical psychologists with no profiling training and six undergraduate students with no profiling training”. There was no differences seen between groups, they all performed better than chance, averaging from 35% to 47% accuracy.
A study was performed for a forty year period by identifying all available publications from 1976-2016 resulting in 426 publications. The results showed that there has been an improvement in assessing what profiles exist and how the profiles assist in an investigation remains close to where it started. Creating new profiles is not enough; they need to be evaluated for effectiveness on arrest rates. There is very little independent and scientifically vetted evidence that exists to support the fact that profiling actually works.
If we look at the 2002 Beltway sniper case, profilers took to the airwaves to give their trained professional opinions. They agreed the killer was probably a White male, some maintained he had no children, no military background; others felt he was mid-20’s. When the killer was captured, the experts were in for a surprise. The “sniper” was not one man; it was two, both African-American, neither in their mid-20’s. Muhammad, 41 had four children and was a former solider; Malvo was 17.
One question that has been asked is why profiles are not able to predict some of these actions before they happen, such as the case with the Tucson shootings (2011) that killed six people and injured fourteen others, including U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords. Jared Loughner had a history of erratic behavior, threats and anti-government conspiracy rants, yet no one predicted he would commit such an act.
In 2017, an episode of “Killer Instinct” aired telling the story of how a retired FBI profiler assisted in helping to convict a man of the murdering an 18-year-old female in a parking lot. Although there were no fingerprints or weapons found at the crime scene, he claimed it was a sexual assault gone wrong. Years later, and looking at the case again, law enforcement now feel that gang members were to blame and the motive was robbery. After eleven years behind bars, the verdict was overturned.
In conclusion, fewer than half of the forensic mental health professionals felt that profiling was reliable or valid enough to be submitted into court. “The field does not rise to the level of scientific credibility according to Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc”. The forty year study showed that although we have come quite a way in this field, the answer to the question, “Are we better than a bartender?” remains unclear.
Osteoporosis, or porous bone is a common bone disorder. It is characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue as a result of bone resorption exceeding bone formation. The deterioration of bone tissue and low bone mass leads to fragile bones and increase risk for spontaneous fractures to occur (Hubert & VanMeter, 2018). The estimated prevalence is approximately 10 million in the United States, with many more individuals at an increased risk due to having low bone mass. Although women have a higher risk, a significant number of men have been diagnosed with osteoporosis. The condition is a leading factor in an estimated 1.5 million fractures annually. There are often no signs or symptoms and osteoporosis goes undiagnosed until a fracture has occurred. The U.S Preventive Services Task Force recommends routine screenings for all women age 65 years or older and postmenopausal women under 65 years of age with predisposing factors associated with increased risk of fractures such as parental history of fractures, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and low body weight.
Get original essayBone mass typically reaches its peak in young adulthood then begins to gradually decline throughout the lifetime. The decline in bone mass and strength increases risk for spinal fractures in low trauma accidents. The rate of decline in bone mass includes many contributing factors. The most significant factor contributing to bone mass decline is deficiency in gonadal steroids. Other contributing factors include lifestyle and environmental factors such as poor diet or malabsorption disorders, leading to deficiencies in vitamin D, calcium and protein, smoking, high caffeine intake and a sedentary lifestyle.
Hormonal factors such as hyperparathyroidism may also increase bone loss. Osteoporosis is a disease that is age-related. Although a significant number of men are diagnosed, women have a higher risk of developing osteoporosis due to menopausal transitions. Additional nonmodifiable factors such as culture and genetic predisposition impact formation of osteoporosis including Asian and Caucasian individuals due to typically small and light bone structures.
In both men and women, a large decrease in bone mass density begins as early as in the third decade of life. Loss of bone mass continues through the lifetime primary effecting trabecular bone in the spine. In women, bone loss at the spine increases during the transition into menopause. Women also lose cortical bone during menopausal transition. By comparison, due to men not undergoing menopause, the loss of trabecular bone is comparatively less than the bone loss in women. The loss of trabecular and cortical bone mass result in alterations in skeletal geometry and ultimately results in effects on skeletal strength (Drake et al., 2015). The progressive bone loss and skeletal alterations predisposes aging adults to an increased risk of fractures. Similarly, incidences of vertebral fractures in women begin to increase during the menopausal period.
The beginning stages of osteoporosis are often asymptomatic. Once a fracture occurs, healing and recovery happens at a slow rate. A common sign of this condition is back pain (Hubert & VanMeter, 2018). Osteoporosis related fractures may cause chronic and acute pain, disability, an impaired quality of life and mortality. Loss of height may occur in individuals who have multiple fractures. Spontaneous fractures such as fractures that occur without any fall or physical trauma and may occur while performing daily chores.
The probability of future fractures occurring increases after every additional fracture (Sözen et al., 2017). The complications of osteoporosis include development of abnormal curvatures in the spine such as kyphosis and scoliosis. Diagnostics Screening and diagnosis for osteoporosis is assessed by bone mineral density (BMD) measurement which provides an estimate of bone strength. Dual-energy X-ray absorption (DXA) is most commonly used to measure BMD. The U.S Preventive Services Task Force recommends routine screenings for all women age 65 years or older and postmenopausal women under 65 years of age with predisposing factors associated with increased risk of fractures such as parental history of fractures, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and low body weight. Osteoporosis often goes undiagnosed until a fracture has occurred. Screening for osteoporosis may facilitate treatment before the occurrence of a fracture.
Osteoporosis is a bone disorder characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue as a result of bone resorption exceeding bone formation (NIH, 2018). An estimated 10 million individuals are diagnosed with osteoporosis in the United States. There are often no signs or symptoms and the disease goes undiagnosed until a fracture has occurred. Those living with the deteriorating bone disease are at an increased risk for fracture as a result of fragile bones.
Delta Airlines is the largest and top airline in the United States, headquarter in Atlanta, Georgia. Delta has a gargantuan center that resides at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. Delta Airline minister to over 180 million customers every year. The airline is named top 50 most admired company for its seventh consecutive year. Delta airlines operates over 5000 flights that includes domestic and international that travel up to 59 countries across the U.S. Within this research paper I will discuss the social media functional operations, operation support systems and MIS support and other attributes that Delta Airlines utilize to become the top 50th successful business in the country.
Get original essayDelta has six different functional operations: sales, operations management, marketing, human resources, accounting and finance. Delta has made the purchasing of ticket much more relaxed than other airlines. First, with the use of the delta.com website and webpage which enhances the customer experience by expressing numerous amounts of information including search engines on the website to better equip customer satisfaction on ticket, seat products and company information. Secondly, the use of the delta airline phone app where you can purchase airfare tickets, switch flights and even seats has made even more convenient just from the company of your own home or airport.
Delta has made it its mission to tend to its customers’ needs when it comes to cheaper flights, comfort and amenities by the idea of three concepts. The first would be Consistency, Delta thrives itself on relaying its data and information of air travel to their customers is consistent as possible versus third party airlines sites such as tripadvisor.com and cheaptickets.com. No matter where a customer shop via website or walking into an actual store purchasing the same product the company and manufacturer wants to make sure the shopping experience is consistent which delta is in agreeance with.
The second concept is transparency which minimizes the risk of turbulence such as purchasing a ticket with a connecting flight because it may be cheaper. When it comes to travel delta airlines wants to arrange their customers with a successful experience and most flight do not take that into consideration. The final sales concept for Delta is choice which is expressing and informing customers of disclosures, airline history and many pleasantries such as entertainment, legroom, food and beverage options and seat accessibility.
Delta Airlines is an advocate in making sure that their customers know exactly what they are purchasing. The operations management of Delta Airlines is very intricate and designed to promote safety, great place of business and wonderful work ethic and create value through excellent customer service, great operations, a superb brand and employee relations. Delta uses an operating model or business model which is used to accomplish a goal of transportation of clientele between cites which includes the production of goods and service of flights and reservation operations to its loyalty reward programs.
Delta’s marketing and advertising use many forms of media outlets to satisfy the customer such Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, and Facebook to convey their message of comfort and a wonderful travel experience. The latest marketing and advertising strategy was a voice over commercial from our very own How to Get Away with Murder Star Viola Davis who uses the tagline “Good things Come to those who go” to express how Delta is the best travel option. The commercial depicted many scenes featuring runways around the world. Delta Airlines utilizes their community, environment, people and local business to enhance the customer satisfaction and build revenue.
Like many corporate companies the hiring process is typically the same. Going to the corporate office website and choosing the career options at the bottom of the home page, and applying to the position of your choice and having interviews with human resources. Delta airlines have employed about 80,000 employees for over 800 aircrafts. They have recently certified as a great place to work for the second time in 2017. The certification was based off ratings given to customers by employees. The certification gives validation that of striving to live up to their standards and core values. Delta’s chief Human resource officer Joanne Smith quoted “We know that listening to and caring for each other will help serve our customers even better and will continue to make Delta a great place to work.”
Delta Airlines collect data using various methods such as customer satisfaction surveys, focus groups and even testimonials where the employees and the airline is reviewed. Using these evaluations could be used to improve the company’s delegation. Also, the data collected could be used to look at what needs to be changed and modified, as well as what the competition have that Delta can take and make better. When clients perform and participates in data collection techniques delta airlines offer loyalty rewards such as the SkyMiles program where individuals can travel with miles, offer upgrades, shop with miles and buy gifts, transfer and donate miles as well.
Porters Five Forces is a management technique to analyze the profits of an industry. Delta Airlines uses the five forces model to realize the competitive forces that influence the profit and develop potential strategies to make Delta thrive. The five forces of the model is Threats to New Entrants, Bargaining Power of supplier, Bargaining Power of Buyers, Threat from Substitute Products and Rivalry among the existing competitors.
Threats of new entrants within airlines potentially bring in new ways of building, lower cost for ticket sales and reducing cost. Delta airlines would need to take active measures in building barricades to keep the structure of the company secure. There are many ways that Delta tackles Threats of new entrants. The company improves new products and its services. New products help bring in revenue from new customers and give the opportunity for old patrons to keep their loyalty with Delta. Another tackle to the threat of new entrant would be the expanding economies so the fixed cost can be lowered.
Bargaining Power of Supplies is a problem since most airlines purchase their supplies from frequent contractors. The higher bargaining of supplies can have a huge impact and lowers the profit margins of many airlines including Delta Airlines. Suppliers in prestigious positions can deflate the margins. Delta Airlines can improve the Bargaining of Power if the supplies by building effective supply chain with several suppliers. As well as creating a business connection with third party manufactures whose business and products depend on that company only.
Buyers want to purchase the best offers available by paying smaller amounts for them. The higher the bargaining power for the customers and the higher the ability to purchase discounts can put strain on delta airline which means a smaller customer support. Creating and building a large customer base can reduce the bargaining power and streamline sales and production. Another way to handle the bargaining of buyer power would be the creation of new ideas of products and innovating established products that Delta Airlines have set in place.