100% Secure Payment
© 2025 Copyright:
BoutEssays. All rights reserved
Various factors influence healthcare delivery, but chronic illnesses are the primary reason for the largely unmet demand for medical services. Inadequate monitoring of these factors can lead to a crisis in the healthcare system when providers cannot meet patients’ requirements. It is important to remember that hospitals and other healthcare facilities should routinely evaluate their preparedness to prevent problems like poor service standards, rising expenses, and compromised patient safety. Nearly half of American adults have hypertension (high blood pressure), per the CDC (2021), which might cause a public health emergency if not handled effectively.
There is also a current issue of nurse shortage, which affects the number of hypertensive receiving medical attention and the quality of care provided. Not surprisingly, most patients do not understand how to manage their illness and are less involved in the self-management of the condition.
Patients’ inability to effectively manage their disease, which often results in the development of additional medical conditions, has far-reaching consequences on the quality of care provided. As a result, this article will examine how hypertension affects the quality and policies of care delivery and will offer solutions for managing hypertension. Patients and their caregivers will benefit from this inquiry since it will detail hypertension-related issues that can compromise patient safety and strategies for addressing these threats.
The standard of care, financial costs, and patient safety affect how adults manage and treat hypertension; this is because having an inferior quality of life results from having multiple concurrent comorbidities. With more people seeking treatment at any given time, providing adequate care and teaching patients how to manage their illnesses effectively is more challenging than ever.
According to Melville and Byrd’s (2019) research, hypertension treatment in hospitals requires individualized care because it improves patient outcomes. Patient-centered care increases the hospital’s resource requirements. Because of the time commitment involved, a healthcare facility may struggle to keep up with an increase in hypertension patients who require individualized treatment.
Patients may have to wait longer for service, and some will receive a delayed diagnosis, slowing the rate at which their health improves. Other patients in these situations turn to emergency rooms, which have been shown to provide substandard care, to stabilize themselves until they can receive complete care, which takes more time and requires more appointments. Melville and Byrd (2019) claim that a rise in the prevalence of high blood pressure in a population is associated with a widening healthcare gap because some people are unable to receive treatment quickly enough. Since this is the case, approximately 37% of adults do not have their health status under control.
It is important to note that clients’ safety may be jeopardized in several ways due to the rise in hypertension, which causes the victims to be delayed in their hospital visits. Most patients do not engage in better self-management, leaving them vulnerable to the development of additional. It implies they will need to take multiple medications concurrently to control their illness. Medication errors are common when clients are sent home with unfamiliar prescriptions, according to research by Bhandari et al. (2021).
Any prescription error carries the potential for the patient’s condition to worsen and an unsafe adverse event to occur. When healthcare workers are overworked with many admitted patients, they may prescribe medications without first checking the appropriateness of the dosage or the possible side effects. Because of the potential for an unpleasant response and poor outcomes, this reduces the quality of care provided.
Goldman et al. (2020) found that the rise in patients with hypertension enrolling in Medicaid directly resulted from the program’s extension to cover pre-existing conditions. As a result, they serve more than 27% of all Medicaid recipients in the working-age population. It is worth noting that a similar thing happened with Medicare, allowing seniors to access affordable medical care. Rising patient numbers attributable to the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA) Medicaid and Medicare expansion demonstrate that most patients previously lacked the financial resources to cover their care.
Considering that the average annual cost of hypertension treatment is $5,500 to $20,000, the average price of a single office visit is $687; this makes perfect sense (Goldman et al., 2020). The report notes that an additional $29,271 – $51,937 per year is needed to treat illnesses like strokes, which rises if the patient develops other related conditions or complications (Goldman et al., 2020).
It illustrates why hypertension treatment and care burden the healthcare sector. Obtaining high-quality treatment in the United States costs more than $131 billion a year, as reported by the CDC (2021). This situation demonstrates that those without health insurance who suffer from hypertension are forced to rely on free clinics to treat their illness. Facilities need to train their staff on implementing effective therapies that will not drive up prescription expenses.
Health policies and regulations are essential because they dictate specific actions to be made in response to various health issues. Various approaches have affected healthcare provision in managing hypertension by guaranteeing healthcare coverage and providing high-quality care.
According to Angier et al. (2020), more hypertension patients have been diagnosed since the implementation of the Affordable Care Act; this is because the ACA abolished limitations imposed by previous health insurance plans, such as exclusions for pre-existing diseases and age-based premiums.
Due to the high cost of hypertension medication, many individuals cannot self-pay for their care. Over half of the adults would be affected by hypertension and related complications if the ACA had not changed the health insurance providers’ requirements. The ACA has pushed hospitals to provide high-quality treatment at reasonable prices so that patients get the healthcare they need.
The Joint Commission regulations have made it simpler for hypertensive patients to receive quality care by mandating the delivery of value-based treatment. As a result, patients’ survival rates are impacted directly, as early diagnosis allows for the provision of effective therapies for self-management.
According to Lewis et al. (2020) research, up to 70% of patients with high blood pressure can have their condition managed through the implementation of value-based healthcare. Because these hospitals employ efficient interventions, relapse rates are down, and achievements increase. Implementing this system has lowered care quality since hospitals focus on maximizing financial returns rather than on the quality of care.
High insurance reimbursements indicate that an institution follows best practices to reduce readmissions. When coupled with pay-for-performance regulations, the value-based approach guarantees that all patients receive quality care without exceeding their allocated budget.
Lewis et al. (2020) conclude that information sharing, health education, and counseling for hypertension patients are necessary for institutions to achieve the standards for the value-based system and pay-per-performance. Finally, the ACA has reinforced efforts to establish community health centers that rely on the population they serve, which can deliver improved solutions. As a result, health outcomes have improved as patients have more access to cheaper care.
Medical centers may employ several strategies to keep treatment costs low while maintaining high standards. Big healthcare facilities are making similar efforts to curb the rising expense of hypertension management, which has been shown to affect both care quality and patient safety negatively. High-quality care needs enough resources to implement, and cutting down on these costs can lead to the provision of substandard care.
Collaborative care is preferable because it allows patients to spend less time in the hospital while still having ready access to life-saving treatments and information on how to maintain their health independently. According to Meijer et al. (2020) research, patients can get the care they need without traveling far to a medical facility if they opt for a collaborative care strategy. The latter is possible because medical professionals work with clinical pharmacists, public health nurses, and social workers to teach patients how to control their disease at home.
The caregivers must check the patient’s vital observations and ensure they take their prescription as recommended. Nurses in such a system can regularly receive updates on their clients and solicit advice from their professional colleagues before making decisions on their next action plan. Patients with high blood pressure whose care is guided by these interventions fare better than those whose care is not.
It is essential to highlight that in collaborative care, providers pool their knowledge to assess patients’ responses to interventions and make necessary adjustments to their therapy; this guarantees that the patients receive enhanced guidelines that aid in efficient self-management. When patients are in regular contact with their healthcare providers, they can raise concerns that can be addressed on the spot, ensuring that their health status is optimal.
Caregivers need to pay close attention to the multiple ways hypertension treatment affects care delivery in adult patients. This is so because it has implications for the facilities’ and patients’ ability to afford necessary medications and the level of care they receive. Caregivers are urged to implement effective interventions to enhance the delivery of care for hypertensive patients that do not jeopardize their safety or the organization’s financial sustainability.
It can be achieved by adhering to the multiple rules and regulations that direct care delivery, including the value-based and pay-per-performance models. The quality of care provided by the institutions can also be enhanced by employing the collaborative care model, which sees that different healthcare professionals work together to offer excellent care.
Angier, H. (2020). New hypertension and diabetes diagnoses following the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion. Family Medicine and Community Health, 8 (4), e000607. https://doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2020-000607
Bhandari, B., Narasimhan, P., Vaidya, A., Subedi, M., & Jayasuriya, R. (2021). Barriers and facilitators for treatment and control of high blood pressure among hypertensive patients in Kathmandu, Nepal: a qualitative study informed by COM-B model of behavior change. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11548-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). High blood pressure facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed on February 8th 2023 from https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm
Goldman, L., Paasche-Orlow, K., & Drake, T. (2020). Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion and access to outpatient surgical care. JAMA Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2020.2974
Lewis, L., Chrastil, J., Schorr-Ratzlaff, W., Lam, H., McCord, M., Williams, L., Drake, L., Kozloski, M., Lebduska, E., & Dashiell-Earp, C. (2020). Achieving 70% hypertension control: How hard can it be? The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 46(6), 335–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2020.04.002
Meijer, J., de Groot, E., Honing-de Lange, G., Kearney, G., Schellevis, G., & Damoiseaux, A. M. J. (2020). Transcending boundaries for collaborative patient care. Medical Teacher, 43(1), 27–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159x.2020.1796947
Melville, S., & Byrd, J. B. (2019). Personalized medicine and the treatment of hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports, 21(2), 13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-019-0921-3
Organizational data, such as readmission rates, hospital-acquired infections, falls, medication errors, staff satisfaction, serious safety events, and patient experience can be used to prioritize time, resources, and finances. Health care organizations and government agencies use benchmark data to compare the quality of organizational services and report the status of patient safety. Professional nurses are key to comprehensive data collection, reporting, and monitoring of metrics to improve quality and patient safety.
In this assessment, you’ll assess the effect of the health problem you’ve defined on the quality of care, patient safety, and costs to the system and individual. Plan to spend at least 2 direct practicum hours working with the same patient, family, or group. During this time, you may also choose to consult with subject matter and industry experts.
To prepare for the assessment:
Note: As you revise your writing, check out the resources listed on the Writing Center’s Writing Support page.
Complete this assessment in two parts.
Assess the effect of the patient, family, or population problem you defined in the previous assessment on the quality of care, patient safety, and costs to the system and individual. Plan to spend at least 2 practicum hours exploring these aspects of the problem with the patient, family, or group.
During this time, you may also consult with subject matter and industry experts of your choice. Document the time spent (your practicum hours) with these individuals or group in the Capella Academic Portal Volunteer Experience Form. Use the Practicum Focus Sheet: Assessment 2 [PDF] provided for this assessment to guide your work and interpersonal interactions.
Report on your experiences during your first 2 practicum hours, including how you presented your ideas about the health problem to the patient, family, or group.
Capella Academic Portal
Update the total number of hours on the NURS-FPX4900 Volunteer Experience Form in Capella Academic Portal.
The BSN Capstone Course (NURS-FPX4900 ) requires the completion and documentation of nine (9) practicum hours. All hours must be recorded in the Capella Academic Portal. Please review the BSN Practicum Campus page for more information and instructions on how to log your hours.
The assessment requirements, outlined below, correspond to the scoring guide criteria, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, note the additional requirements for document format and length and for supporting evidence.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you’ll be positioned to maximize the use of technology to achieve positive patient outcomes and improve organizational effectiveness. Providing holistic coordination of patient care across the entire health care continuum and leveraging community resource services can lead both to positive patient outcomes and to organizational improvements.
In this assessment, you’ll determine how health care technology, coordination of care, and community resources can be applied to address the health problem you’ve defined. Plan to spend at least 2 direct practicum hours working with the same patient, family, or group. During this time, you may also choose to consult with subject matter and industry experts.
To prepare for the assessment:
Note: As you revise your writing, check out the resources listed on the Writing Center’s Writing Support page.
Complete this assessment in two parts.
Determine how health care technology, the coordination of care, and the use of community resources can be applied to address the patient, family, or population problem you’ve defined. Plan to spend at least 2 practicum hours exploring these aspects of the problem with the patient, family, or group. During this time, you may also consult with subject matter and industry experts of your choice. Document the time spent (your practicum hours) with these individuals or group in the Capella Academic Portal Volunteer Experience Form. Use the Practicum Focus Sheet: Assessment 3 [PDF] provided for this assessment to guide your work and interpersonal interactions.
Report on your experiences during the second 2 hours of your practicum.
Capella Academic Portal
Update the total number of hours on the NURS-FPX4900 Volunteer Experience Form in Capella Academic Portal.
The BSN Capstone Course (NURS-FPX4900 ) requires the completion and documentation of nine (9) practicum hours. All hours must be recorded in the Capella Academic Portal. Please review the BSN Practicum Campus page for more information and instructions on how to log your hours.
The assessment requirements, outlined below, correspond to the scoring guide criteria, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, note the additional requirements for document format and length and for supporting evidence.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
Obesity is a complex disorder that involves excessive body fat. Obesity is a serious health concern that increases the risk of other diseases and
Management of chronic disease can best be achieved through both self-management and long-term clinical follow-up in the hospital and the community. The health problem of my patient in this practicum project was pediatric asthma. However, she also had gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and childhood obesity. This health problem forms part of chronic lower respiratory diseases, which contribute a significant mortality and morbidity rates in the United States in recent years.
Low socioeconomic status and asthma-related comorbidities such as GERD and obesity are associated with poor control of symptoms that lead to poor quality of care, quality of life, and health safety (Paoletti et al., 2021). Costs associated with care for asthma are related to access to direct care and health insurance. Therefore, strategies such as the use of technology, community resources, and care coordination have the potential to improve the patient’s healthcare quality and safety.
The purpose of this paper is to describe the impact of technology on the patient’s health problem, discuss the effect of care coordination and community resources utilization in addressing the patient’s health problem, and analyze influential state and national policies that impact the utilization of community resources, care coordination, and technology used in the management of this health problem.
21st-century healthcare has been known for technological developments and the need for quality improvements in healthcare outcomes. Healthcare technology has impacted the care for asthma and associated comorbidities. Various healthcare technologies have impacted asthma care and can potentially improve future care for asthma. However, these technologies have their specific advantages and disadvantages in asthma manage. Some of these technologies are web-based technology, phone messaging services, mobile phone applications, smart devices, and social media.
Web-based technologies rely on the internet to facilitate interaction between asthma patients and their care providers. Examples of web-based technologies used in asthma include but are not limited to My Asthma Portal, My Child’s Asthma, and Puff city (Poowuttikul & Seth, 2020). Web-based technologies have served different purposes in asthma management. Web-based platforms that contain educational interactions were found to improve adherence among children with poor compliance with asthma medications (Ferrante et al., 2021). These technologies have also been used to monitor asthma treatment among children remotely.
Web-based technologies overcome the time and distance barriers in care delivery. Therefore, these children can access care in a timely fashion at home. By enhancing patient edition, these technologies promote self-management and thus the quality of care improvement. However, the less physician-patient direct interaction time created by web-based technologies has an impact on the credibility of the interaction. The use of these technologies does not guarantee reimbursement to the care provider and is not licensable, thus reducing motivation by the care providers to use them.
The ubiquity of mobile phones, especially smartphones, has radicalized healthcare delivery due to the ease of access to information by patients. However, these technologies also offer an opportunity to promote physician-patient interaction through software applications called smartphone applications (Larsson et al., 2020). Some of the mobile health applications used in asthma management are the physician on-call patient engagement trial (POPET) and the adolescent adherence patient tool (ADAPT).
Mobile health applications promote medication adherence and thus improve patient outcomes. Smartphones are generally convenient and efficient to use, making asthma management applications convenient for most people. Poowuttikul & Seth (2020) say these technologies reduce mortalities, improve patient satisfaction, and enhance self-management. The mobile health apps help the patient or caregivers track the medication treatment, document peak flow ratings, and provide reminders to enhance medication adherence and avoid triggers.
However, some patients can find these reminders annoying or redundant. Seldom, the exists FDA regulations and guidelines on the use of these technologies (Poowuttikul & Seth, 2020). Therefore, usability constraints can limit their uptake. Security concerns such as phone theft or loss can jeopardize the safety of patient information. The cost-effectiveness of these technologies is also low due to the high cost of smartphones. Moreover, these applications often require an internet connection that can be costly to sustain for patients in low socioeconomic populations.
The most common digitally-enabled technologies are digitally-enabled inhalers or smart inhalers. These technologies are becoming increasingly available for use among patients who require continuous long-term care. These technologies can be used to monitor medication use among these patients by monitoring time, date, and inhalations number (Mosnaim et al., 2021).
Smart inhalers can also be connected to mobile health application systems to improve remote monitoring of care. Therefore, digitally-enabled inhalers can be used to provide information to modify and improve regimens. Tailoring self-management interventions is thus possible (Larsson et al., 2020). Examples of smart inhalers include but are not limited SmartMist Propeller, SmartTrack device, Doser, and MDILog (Poowuttikul & Seth, 2020). Smart inhalers improve patient satisfaction by improving the efficiency of care. However, they have questionable long-term compliance issues among users.
Phone messaging services such as short message services (SMS) are among the most commonly used and most basic remote health services (Larsson et al., 2020). SMS can be used to monitor the management of patients. Examples of SMS include personalized test messaging and automated text messaging.
Automated text messaging can be sent out at a standard time every day to remind the patient or provide daily updates. These messages promote medication adherence and reduce morbidity. However, some patients report annoyance or redundancy of the message reminders. Therefore, controller adherence declines over time (Ferrante et al., 2021). Moreover, providing comprehensive care through short text messages is not feasible.
The use of social media in healthcare has been marred with controversies and opportunities to improve care and health education. Social media technologies include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, YouTube, Google +, and Instagram. These technologies require web-based or smartphone technologies to promote interaction between patients, their caregivers, and healthcare professionals.
Social media has been used to provide asthma education, public awareness, and preventive health advertisements. Therefore, social media provide social connectivity, promotes feedback, and increases public education. This technology is low-cost and available to many people. However, privacy and security of protected health information are major issues with social media use. Cyberbullying is also a disadvantage of social media use. Social pressure from social media is also another way that this technology can disadvantage the mental health of the public and asthma patients.
Care coordination aim at bridging the gap between the patient, caregivers, and health care professionals. As the main care coordinator, the nurse deliberately collects pertinent patient information and shares it with relevant providers of direct and indirect care for smooth care continuity. Practice-based models have an essential role in care coordination for asthma patients.
Unscheduled hospitalizations among asthma patients result from frequent asthma attacks and poor control of asthma symptoms. With coordinated care, these hospitalizations can reduce significantly. African American and Latino children face the highest burden of pediatric asthma. These disparities arise from low socioeconomic status and lower income (Homaira et al., 2022). Care coordination can achieve a reduction in these disparities by connecting the patients to community resources and healthcare providers to improve access to care.
The management of asthma has changed and improved over time. However, the implementation of national and international guidelines is still erratic, especially in primary care. Care coordination in the community and primary care settings can promote the implementation of the guidelines to reduce health disparities and achieve national goals (Dubaybo, 2021).
Utilization of community resources has huge cost implications for asthma patients and their families. The use of community resources such as community pharmacies makes the cost of access to medication and refills cheaper. Community resources can also reduce the burden on caregivers and the risk of unplanned caregivers because asthma patients can access community resources such as daycare services and community emergency services.
National policies such as the Affordable Care Act (ACA), Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), and Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 are influential in the technology use, care coordination, and use of community resources to promote management of asthma.
ACA provided programs and policies that changed the roles of healthcare professionals in the hospital and the community. This ensured that patients received quality care through access to care through health insurance and engagement of hospitals to strive to reduce unscheduled readmissions. Sharing of protected patient information has been regulated by the HIPAA and HITECH policies, thus ensuring the protection of patient confidentiality and data privacy.
At the state level, state boards of nursing standards determine the scope of practice for nurses. This regulation determines what nurses can legally perform on asthma patients. Referral and care coordination are included in the practice standards and scope of practice for nurses, enabling nurses to collaborate with other healthcare professionals and patient caregivers to coordinate care and improve the utilization of community resources. Local policies by the state department of health regulate environmental health that improves asthma preventive care. This is important to nurses because these policies determine the use and distribution of community resources for asthma patients.
Healthcare technology has become an integral part of the management of chronic diseases such as asthma. The various technologies discussed included web-based technology, mobile health applications, digitally-enabled technology, text messaging, and social media. The common themes from the review of these technologies were the promotion of patient satisfaction and remote care. Care coordination can reduce health disparities and reduce unscheduled hospitalizations. National and state-based regulations determine care coordination and utilization of community resources. ACA, HIPAA, and HITECH were the identified influential policies
Dubaybo, B. A. (2021). The care of asthma patients in communities with limited resources. Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine, 12, 33–38. https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S247716
Ferrante, G., Licari, A., Marseglia, G. L., & La Grutta, S. (2021). Digital health interventions in children with asthma. Clinical and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 51(2), 212–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.13793
Homaira, N., Dickins, E., Hodgson, S., Chan, M., Wales, S., Gray, M., Donnelly, S., Burns, C., Owens, L., Plaister, M., Flynn, A., Andresen, J., Keane, K., Wheeler, K., Gould, B., Shaw, N., Jaffe, A., Breen, C., Altman, L., & Woolfenden, S. (2022). Impact of integrated care coordination on pediatric asthma hospital presentations. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 10, 929819. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.929819
Larsson, K., Kankaanranta, H., Janson, C., Lehtimäki, L., Ställberg, B., Løkke, A., Høines, K., Roslind, K., & Ulrik, C. S. (2020). Bringing asthma care into the twenty-first century. NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, 30(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41533-020-0182-2
Mosnaim, G., Safioti, G., Brown, R., DePietro, M., Szefler, S. J., Lang, D. M., Portnoy, J. M., Bukstein, D. A., Bacharier, L. B., & Merchant, R. K. (2021). Digital health technology in asthma: A comprehensive scoping review. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in Practice, 9(6), 2377–2398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2021.02.028
Paoletti, G., Melone, G., Ferri, S., Puggioni, F., Baiardini, I., Racca, F., Canonica, G. W., Heffler, E., & Malipiero, G. (2021). Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: when, how, and why. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 21(1), 52–58. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000000705
Poowuttikul, P., & Seth, D. (2020). New concepts and technological resources in patient education and asthma self-management. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 59(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-020-08782-w
As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you’ll be positioned to maximize the use of technology to achieve positive patient outcomes and improve organizational effectiveness. Providing holistic coordination of patient care across the entire health care continuum and leveraging community resource services can lead both to positive patient outcomes and to organizational improvements.
In this assessment, you’ll determine how health care technology, coordination of care, and community resources can be applied to address the health problem you’ve defined. Plan to spend at least 2 direct practicum hours working with the same patient, family, or group. During this time, you may also choose to consult with subject matter and industry experts.
To prepare for the assessment:
Note: As you revise your writing, check out the resources listed on the Writing Center’s Writing Support page.
Complete this assessment in two parts.
Determine how health care technology, the coordination of care, and the use of community resources can be applied to address the patient, family, or population problem you’ve defined. Plan to spend at least 2 practicum hours exploring these aspects of the problem with the patient, family, or group. During this time, you may also consult with subject matter and industry experts of your choice.
Document the time spent (your practicum hours) with these individuals or group in the Capella Academic Portal Volunteer Experience Form. Use the Practicum Focus Sheet: Assessment 3 [PDF] provided for this assessment to guide your work and interpersonal interactions.
Report on your experiences during the second 2 hours of your practicum.
Capella Academic Portal
Update the total number of hours on the NURS-FPX4900 Volunteer Experience Form in Capella Academic Portal.
The BSN Capstone Course (NURS-FPX4900 ) requires the completion and documentation of nine (9) practicum hours. All hours must be recorded in the Capella Academic Portal. Please review the BSN Practicum Campus page for more information and instructions on how to log your hours.
The assessment requirements, outlined below, correspond to the scoring guide criteria, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, note the additional requirements for document format and length and for supporting evidence.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
Cancer is a major public health concern, affecting different health populations. The condition negatively impacts the quality of life for the individuals affected. Following assessing a population’s health concerns, nurses should propose professional solutions to these problems. The solutions should be well developed and use different considerations of the problem, such as its impact on the population.
The population problem of focus in this project is cancer among African Americans. The previous assessments assessed the problem from leadership, change management, communication, policy, costs, care quality, technology, community resources and care coordination considerations. These considerations informed the development of the intervention solution, which will be analyzed in this paper. The different aspects that influenced the development of the intervention will also be explored.
The feasible solution developed to address the cancer health concern among the African American population is population education. The population education will be presented to the group in their community while working together with other players in cancer care to ensure the health concern is addressed holistically. The population educational intervention will entail awareness creation of cancer, its risk factors, prevention and early detection, and the appropriate management of the condition. The intervention addresses the issue by improving population knowledge of the condition, thus enabling population members to take the relevant actions to prevent and manage the condition effectively.
I selected cancer as the health problem of focus after experiencing its adverse effects on individuals. Having lived and worked among the African American population, I understand the magnitude of the health concern among them, having borne a disproportionate burden. In addition, the problem is relevant to my professional practice, considering we are trained to care for patients with different healthcare conditions across the health continuum. The population also needs a solution to health concerns, thus improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
Leadership plays a crucial role in addressing population health concerns, while change management enhances a smooth transition after implementing the solutions, leading to sustainable change. Using appropriate leadership strategies in developing and implementing an intervention promotes success since the leaders support it. In addition, it attracts buy-in from leaders and the population in which the intervention is being implemented, thus promoting intervention acceptance and sustainability.
Different leadership strategies influenced the development of the population education intervention. These strategies include having a clear vision and employing a collaborative approach. Cummings et al. (2021) note that having a clear vision and sharing it with the team are essential leadership strategies that enhance success since they know what they aim to achieve. In this case, the vision addressed the cancer concern among African Americans. All players in cancer care were informed of the vision, thus enabling them to work together towards achieving it.
Furthermore, using a collaborative leadership approach influenced the intervention’s development. According to De Brún et al. (2019), collaborative leadership entails developing an environment whereby stakeholders work together towards achieving similar outcomes. The collaborative leadership approach was appropriate since cancer care entails different stakeholders. The relevant stakeholders in this intervention include the cancer patients from the focus population, healthcare providers (nurses, physicians, oncologists, pharmacists), community health workers, and social workers. The collaborative approach enabled the collection of data and perspectives of different stakeholders, thus incorporating them into the intervention to strengthen it and enhance its acceptability.
The change management strategies influencing the intervention’s development include open communication and active stakeholder engagement. Open and effective communication enables team members to effectively implement an intervention by providing feedback and seeking clarifications (McCarthy & Eastman, 2021). In addition, open communication encourages stakeholder participation. In this case, active stakeholder engagement was employed to involve stakeholders in decision-making.
For instance, the population members were asked what they would want to learn about cancer, informing the population of the educational content developed. Nursing ethics also informed the intervention since nursing ethical principles of beneficence and respect for humans. The intervention was developed to benefit the African Americans, who were asked to participate freely.
As mentioned earlier, the population group of focus is African Americans. The overall goal of the intervention is to improve care outcomes for African American adults with cancer by educating them on appropriate cancer management and prevention of progression through early detection. Thus, involving them actively through communication and collaboration was vital in the intervention’s development. According to Penedo et al. (2020), gathering the patients’ input in cancer care intervention is important to ensure the intervention captures the actual needs.
Information was gathered from the population group, revealing that they know that cancer is a serious issue among them. In addition, the population members expressed interest in finding a solution to improve cancer care outcomes and thus would participate actively in the educational program. The other benefit of gathering patient information is that it enhanced an understanding of the problem from their perspective, thus informing the intervention in addressing the particular needs included in the patients’ concerns.
Communication and collaboration strategies to improve cancer care outcomes among African Americans include two-way communication, regular updates, meetings, and acknowledging stakeholder contributions. Two-way communication and regular updates promote communication since the team can give and provide feedback. According to Ueda et al. (2020), holding regular meetings with the stakeholders enhances collaboration as the team can exchange perspectives and get updates on the intervention’s progress. In addition, respecting and recognizing each stakeholder’s role in the intervention motivates the stakeholders, thus encouraging active participation.
Healthcare interventions addressing health concerns at the patient, family, or population levels should be developed in line with the current policies and regulations. Aligning interventions with current policies and regulations enhances the intervention’s success, acceptance and sustainability. Similarly, in this case, the population education intervention’s development was guided by the state board nursing practice standards and the governmental policies on cancer care interventions.
Research shows that all interventions to improve cancer care outcomes should be developed using the current guidelines and regulations on cancer care (Alcaraz et al., 2020). My state board nursing practice standards, scope of practice, and ethical conduct influenced the intervention. Since the board restricts nurses from practicing independently in my state, I developed the intervention under the supervision of a physician. In addition, the intervention was developed considering professional ethical conduct in the interaction between the group and the nurse, as the state board of nursing recommends.
Furthermore, the intervention development was guided by the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines for cancer prevention. According to Rock et al. (2020), the ACS has developed guidelines for cancer prevention, including screening, diet, and physical activity. These guidelines were used to develop the population’s educational content on cancer prevention. In addition, the HIPAA governmental policies on patient information informed the intervention development by considering privacy and security safeguards when handling and sharing patient information. Using these policies and guidelines makes the intervention more likely to improve cancer care outcomes among African Americans since it employs best practices, professional practice standards and protects patient information.
The proposed intervention, population education, will considerably improve the quality of cancer care, enhance patient safety, and reduce costs to the system and the individuals. The intervention will provide the care providers dealing with cancer care with best practice guidelines related to new cancer technology modalities, leadership strategies, effective communication, and care coordination. Coccia (2020) notes that healthcare technology modalities enhance oncology care quality and patient safety. Therefore, the team will work together towards improving the quality of oncology care offered to the African American population. In addition, there are different patient safety issues related to cancer. These issues include medication errors, chemotherapy handling, administration, side effects, and adverse drug reactions, to mention but a few. Since the educational program will educate cancer patients and care providers on the management best practices, they will be able to prevent cancer-related patient safety issues, thus enhancing the overall patient safety in the population.
Cancer is associated with high costs to the healthcare system and the affected individuals. Alcaraz et al. (2020) note that the cancer burden is disproportionate among different populations, such as the African American population, and the related costs. The proposed intervention will encourage African Americans to take the necessary measures to prevent cancer and go for screenings, thus reducing costs related to cancer progression. In addition, costs on the system will be reduced following the use of healthcare technologies to increase care efficiency and reduce cancer cases.
According to Coccia (2020), technology has been one of the factors in improving cancer care and reducing the cancer burden across health populations. Healthcare technological modalities such as artificial intelligence, robotic surgeries and imaging technology can address the cancer issue by improving screening and diagnostics, and enhancing treatment and management of different cancer types, thus helping reduce cancer cases and improving management and patient care outcomes.
As mentioned earlier, cancer care requires the interplay of different healthcare providers to enhance outcomes. The cancer care team may include oncologists, nurses, radiologists, physicians, nutritionists, community health workers and social workers. Through care coordination, the team can effectively share information regarding patient care, thus improving care by reducing duplication of services and improving treatment plans. Addressing cancer among African Americans, therefore, requires effective care coordination.
Furthermore, community resources are instrumental in addressing cancer. Community resources in the population’s community, such as wellness centers, cancer support groups, cancer survivors organizations, and other cancer programs, can support cancer patients in appropriate cancer management (Kadambi et al., 2020). Additionally, community resources can run screening and awareness creation programs, thus reducing disease progression by early detection. They also refer cancer patients to the necessary healthcare service providers as needed.
The proposed intervention for addressing cancer in the African American community involves a population-focused educational intervention. Distinct populations experience the impact of the disease in varying ways. Consequently, it is crucial to examine the issue from a population-wide perspective and formulate solutions or interventions that cater to the specific attributes of the population. The proposed intervention mentioned earlier was created with careful consideration of leadership, care coordination, communication, and change management strategies. The formulation of the intervention was also influenced by nursing practice guidelines and governmental regulations, as analyzed above.
Alcaraz, K. I., Wiedt, T. L., Daniels, E. C., Yabroff, K. R., Guerra, C. E., & Wender, R. C. (2020). Understanding and addressing social determinants to advance cancer health equity in the United States: a blueprint for practice, research, and policy. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 70(1), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21586
Coccia, M. (2020). Deep learning technology for improving cancer care in society: New directions in cancer imaging driven by artificial intelligence. Technology in Society, 60, 101198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101198
Cummings, G. G., Lee, S., Tate, K., Penconek, T., Micaroni, S. P., Paananen, T., & Chatterjee, G. E. (2021). The essentials of nursing leadership: A systematic review of factors and educational interventions influencing nursing leadership. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 115, 103842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103842
De Brún, A., O’Donovan, R., & McAuliffe, E. (2019). Interventions to develop collectivistic leadership in healthcare settings: a systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-3883-x
Kadambi, S., Soto-Perez-de-Celis, E., Garg, T., Loh, K. P., Krok-Schoen, J. L., Battisti, N. M. L., Moffat, G. T., Gil-Jr, L. A., Mohile, S., & Hsu, T. (2020). Social support for older adults with cancer: Young International Society of Geriatric Oncology review paper. Journal of Geriatric Oncology, 11(2), 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgo.2019.09.005
McCarthy, C., & Eastman, D. (2021). Change management strategies for an effective EMR implementation. HIMSS Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003191933
Penedo, F. J., Oswald, L. B., Kronenfeld, J. P., Garcia, S. F., Cella, D., & Yanez, B. (2020). The increasing value of eHealth in the delivery of patient-centered cancer care. The Lancet. Oncology, 21(5), e240–e251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30021-8
Rock, C. L., Thomson, C., Gansler, T., Gapstur, S. M., McCullough, M. L., Patel, A. V., Andrews, K. S., Bandera, E. V., Spees, C. K., Robien, K., Hartman, S., Sullivan, K., Grant, B. L., Hamilton, K. K., Kushi, L. H., Caan, B. J., Kibbe, D., Black, J. D., Wiedt, T. L., McMahon, C., & Doyle, C. (2020). American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity for cancer prevention. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 70(4), 245–271. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21591
Ueda, M., Martins, R., Hendrie, P. C., McDonnell, T., Crews, J. R., Wong, T. L., McCreery, B., Jagels, B., Crane, A., Byrd, D. R., Pergam, S. A., Davidson, N. E., Liu, C., & Stewart, F. M. (2020). Managing Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Agility and Collaboration Toward a Common Goal. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network: JNCCN, 1–4. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2020.7560
Please submit both your solution/intervention and the 5-7 page analysis to complete Assessment 4.
In your first three assessments, you applied new knowledge and insight gleaned from the literature, from organizational data, and from direct consultation with the patient, family, or group (and perhaps with subject matter and industry experts) to your assessment of the problem. You’ve examined the problem from the perspectives of leadership, collaboration, communication, change management, policy, quality of care, patient safety, costs to the system and individual, technology, care coordination, and community resources. Now it’s time to turn your attention to proposing an intervention (your capstone project), as a solution to the problem.
In this assessment, you’ll develop an intervention as a solution to the health problem you’ve defined. To prepare for the assessment, think about an appropriate intervention, based on your work in the preceding assessments, that will produce tangible, measurable results for the patient, family, or group. In addition, you might consider using a root cause analysis to explore the underlying reasons for a problem and as the basis for developing and implementing an action plan to address the problem. Some appropriate interventions include the following:
Plan to spend at least 3 direct practicum hours working with the same patient, family, or group.
In addition, you may wish to complete the following:
Note: As you revise your writing, check out the resources listed on the Writing Center’s Writing Supportpage.
Complete this assessment in two parts: (a) develop an intervention as a solution to the problem and (b) submit your proposed intervention, with a written analysis, to your faculty for review and approval.
Develop an intervention, as a solution to the problem, based on your assessment and supported by data and scholarly, evidence-based sources.
Incorporate relevant aspects of the following considerations that shaped your understanding of the problem:
Submit your proposed intervention to your faculty for review and approval.
In a separate written deliverable, write a 5–7 page analysis of your intervention.
In addition, address the requirements outlined below. These requirements correspond to the scoring guide criteria for this assessment, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, note the additional requirements for document format and length and for supporting evidence.
Portfolio Prompt: Save your intervention to your ePortfolio. After you complete your program, you may want to consider leveraging your portfolio as part of a job search or other demonstration of your academic and professional competencies.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
Baccalaureate-prepared nurses have many opportunities to reflect on their contributions to patient care outcomes during clinical experiences. Research suggests that creating and sharing video reflections may enhance learning (Speed, Lucarelli, & Macaulay, 2018).
For this assessment, you’ll present your approved intervention to the patient, family, or group and reflect on various aspects of your capstone practicum experience. Such reflection will give you a chance to discuss elements of the project of which you are most proud and aspects of the experience that will help you grow in your personal practice and nursing career.
Reference
Speed, C. J., Lucarelli, G. A., & Macaulay, J. O. (2018). Student produced videos—An innovative and creative approach to assessment. Sciedu International Journal of Higher Education, 7(4).
Complete this assessment in two parts: (a) present your approved intervention to the patient, family, or group and (b) record a video reflection on your practicum experience, the development of your capstone project, and your personal and professional growth over the course of your RN-to-BSN program.
Present your approved intervention to the patient, family, or group. Plan to spend at least 3 practicum hours exploring these aspects of the problem with the patient, family, or group. During this time, you may also consult with subject matter and industry experts of your choice. Be sure you’ve logged all of your practicum hours in Capella Academic Portal.
The BSN Capstone Course (NURS-FPX4900 ) requires the completion and documentation of nine (9) practicum hours. All hours must be recorded in the Capella Academic Portal. Please review the BSN Practicum Campus page for more information and instructions on how to log your hours.
Use the Intervention Feedback Form: Assessment 5 [PDF] as a guide to capturing patient, family, or group feedback about your intervention. You’ll include the feedback as part of your capstone reflection video.
Record a 10–15 minute video reflection on your practicum experience, the development of your capstone project, and your personal and professional growth over the course of your RN-to-BSN program. A transcript of your video is not required.
You’re welcome to use any tools and software with which you are comfortable, but make sure you’re able to submit the deliverable to your faculty. Capella offers Kaltura, a program that records audio and video. Refer to Using Kaltura for more information about this courseroom tool.
Note: If you require the use of assistive technology or alternative communication methods to participate in these activities, please contact DisabilityServices@Capella.edu to request accommodations. If you’re unable to record a video, please contact your faculty as soon as possible to explore options for completing the assessment.
The assessment requirements, outlined below, correspond to the scoring guide criteria, so address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, note the additional requirements for supporting evidence.
Evidence-based practice involves the use of scientific research, patient preferences, and clinical knowledge to provide high quality care to patients. It is a critical approach to solving healthcare delivery problems by adopting the best intervention related to scientific research evidence. Changes guided by evidence from well-designed research increase patient comfort, safety, and outcomes.
To answer the question of which tracheal suctioning method has reduced incidences of pain related to suctioning and pneumonia associated with dependence on a mechanical ventilator, research is paramount. Scientific research provides findings that help in implementation of an intervention which is scientifically approved and supported by evidences. Practice aided by research evidence is more likely to be effective in reducing adverse effects while improving patients’ health outcomes (Curtis et al., 2017). This signifies the importance of advocating for and adopting a research based practice in care delivery.
Articles related to the PICOT question are evaluated to determine distress; ventilator related infections (pneumonia) and pain incidences when using open and closed suctioning methods on ventilator supported patients. The study by Khayer et al. (2020) is relevant to answering the PICOT question as it compares pain levels on using open tracheal suctioning and closed suctioning on patients on ventilators. The study uses mechanically ventilated patients to collect data. The results show that all the methods cause pain, but open suctioning causes a 50% increase in pain during and after suctioning, while closed suctioning causes a 40% increase in pain (Khayer et al., 2020). This shows that the closed suctioning method is associated with less pain than the open suctioning method.
The study concludes that the pain level of mechanically ventilated patients is determined by the suctioning system used. It is more when using an open suction system. Therefore, the authors recommend the adoption and use of a closed suction system as it is associated with less pain. The study suggests that nurses should be trained and educated on the use of closed suction systems to promote their use. This evidence from this research advocates for the adoption of a practice that is evidence-based.
The article by Ebrahimian et al. (2020) evaluates the severity of pain associated with using open and closed suction systems and among patients who have traumatic brain injuries. The study also assesses the variations of physiological indicators such as heart rate, blood pressure levels, and oxygen saturation in the blood. The results show a four-times increase in pain level after using an open suction system, while that of using a close suction system is almost the same as the baseline levels. There is evidence of higher decreased oxygen saturation levels in the blood after using open suction systems compared to using closed suctioning methods.
The study recommends the use of closed suction systems in patients on mechanical ventilators as it is associated with higher pain reduction in patients with traumatic brain injuries. Closed suction systems cause improvements in physiological indicators compared to open suction systems. This study proposes the use of evidence-based practice, which is the use of a closed suction system to promote patients’ comfort and recovery. It is evident that evidence-based practices are best adopted when findings from scientific research are used as they guide changes in clinical practices (Mathieson et al., 2019).
As broached in the paper, evidenced based practices can only be adopted if adequate scientific research is conducted and evidences provided. Answering the PICOT question using research is a clear indication of the uses of scientific researches to adopt the best nursing intervention, in this case use of closed suction method, to solve a nursing problem and improve the patient satisfaction and health outcomes.
Curtis, K., Fry, M., Shaban, R. Z., & Considine, J. (2017). Translating research findings to clinical nursing practice. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 26(5-6), 862-872. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13586
Ebrahimian, A., Tourdeh, M., Paknazar, F., & Davari, H. (2020). The Effect of the Open and Closed System Suctions on Pain Severity and Physiological Indicators in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Turkish Journal Of Anaesthesiology And Reanimation, 48(3), 202–207. https://doi.org/10.5152/TJAR.2019.03342
Khayer, F., Ghafari, S., Saghaei, M., Yazdannik, A., & Atashi, V. (2020). Effects of Open and Closed Tracheal Suctioning on Pain in Mechanically Ventilated Patients. Iranian Journal Of Nursing And Midwifery Research, 25(5), 426–430. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_135_18
Mathieson, A., Grande, G., & Luker, K. (2019). Strategies, facilitators and barriers to implementation of evidence-based practice in community nursing: A systematic mixed-studies review and qualitative synthesis. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 20, E6. doi:10.1017/S1463423618000488
NURS4465 Population and Community Nursing Module 1 Quiz
Question 1
The World Health Organization has defined a community as: (Select all that apply)
a. a group of people with the same annual per capita income
b. a group of people with the same community health issues
c. a group of people often living in a defined geographical area, who may share a common culture, values, and norms
d. a group of people arranged in a social structure according to relationships which the community has developed over a period of time.
Question 2
The core functions of Public Health are: (Select all that apply)
a. assessment
b. policy development
c. assurance
d. public debate
Question 3
Methods for data collection in conducting a community assessment include: (Select all that apply)
a. informant interviews
b. Windshield Surveys
c. participant observations
d. secondary analysis of existing data
Question 4
The basic principles of evidence-based practice can be applied only at the individual level. (True or False)
True
False
Question 5
Applied to nursing, evidence-based practice includes the best available evidence from a variety of sources. These sources include: (Select all that apply)
a. research studies
b. nursing experience and expertise
c. community leaders
d. the local community newspaper
Question 6
Assessment refers to: (Multiple Choice)
a. conducting criminal investigations on residents of a selected community
b. separating paying patients from non-paying patients in community health centers
c. systematically collecting data on the population, monitoring the population’s health status, and making
information available about the health of community
d. keeping records of all traffic violations in a given number of zip codes
Question 7
Assurance refers to:
a. the role of public health in ensuring that essential community-oriented health services are available, which may include providing essential personal health services for those who would otherwise not receive them
b. ensuring that all citizens pay their fair share of taxes
c. providing adequate animal control resources
d. by-passing competence requirements for public health workers
Question 8
Public health nursing is a specialty and is distinguished by the following characteristics: (Select all that appy.)
a. It is population-focused.
b. It is community- oriented.
c. There is a health and preventive focus.
d. it requires a Doctorate Degree to practice at an entry level.
Question 9
Policy development refers to:
a. endorsement of politicians who support public health initiatives at the state level
b. conducting research on epidemic outbreaks
c. conducting petition drives in the community to secure federal funding for health care services
d. the need to provide leadership in developing policies that support the health of the population, including the use of scientific knowledge- base in making decisions about the policy
Question 10
A nurse who was working in public health care has gotten a new job in primary care. A main difference to be seen by the nurse at the new job is a focus on individuals. (True or False).
True
False
Question 11
Public health is defined as: (Multiple Choice).
a. what we, as a society, do collectiely to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy.
b. an insurance system to access health care services in rural areas
c. the exclusive health care services of infectious disease management
d. public health policy designed specifically for elderly population groups
Question 12
Public health nursing, referred to in this textbook as population-centered nursing, has been impacted by: (Select all that apply)
a. social forces
b. economic forces
c. political forces
d. military forces
Question 13
A nurse is completing a community assessment. Which of the following actions would be most likely for the nurse to complete?
a. Identify community needs and clarify problems
b. Determine the weaknesses of a community
c. Perform the core function of public health nursing
d. Assesses individual needs within the community
Question 14
A nurse gathers information about the condition of homes, sizes of lots, neighborhood hangouts, road conditions, and modes of transportation. Which mode of data collection is being used?
a. Windshield survey
b. Participant observation
c. Focus group
d. Informant interviews
Question 15
A community health nurse is conducting informant interviews in a small community. Which of the following would the nurse most likely contact?
a. A local priest for congregation information
b. The State Department of Health for death records
c. Surrounding communities for crime comparison
d. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for illnesses in the area.
NURS4465 Population and Community Nursing Module 1 Quiz
Group of answer choices
systolic pressure drop of more than 15 mm Hg with a pulse rate increase
pulse rate decrease with a systolic pressure increase of at least 15 mm Hg
diastolic pressure increase of more than 5 mm Hg and no pulse rate changes
pulse rate decrease and diastolic pressure decrease of more than 5 mm Hg
Also Read: Assignment: Advanced Levels of Clinical Inquiry and Systematic Reviews
"Group of answer choices
bathing.
housekeeping.
medication compliance.
communication skills.
Question 741 pts
Electrical activity recorded by the electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing that denotes the spread of the stimulus through the atria is the:
Group of answer choices
P wave.
PR interval.
QRS complex.
ST segment.
Question 751 pts
Which cranial nerves are usually evaluated during the examination of the eyes?
Group of answer choices
I and II
II and IX
III and VI
IV and VII
Question 761 pts
The checkout station for preparticipation physical evaluation (PPE) is critical because at this point:
Group of answer choices
all completed forms are distributed.
parental cosignatures are obtained.
the relevant history is obtained.
coordination of follow-ups is reviewed.
Question 771 pts
A finding that is indicative of osteoarthritis is:
Group of answer choices
swan neck deformities.
Bouchard nodes.
ganglions.
Heberden nodes.
Question 781 pts
Inquiry about nocturnal muscle spasms would be most significant when taking the musculoskeletal history of:
Group of answer choices
adolescents.
infants.
older adults.
middle-age adults.
Question 791 pts
Breath sounds normally heard over the trachea are called:
Group of answer choices
bronchovesicular.
amphoric.
vesicular.
bronchial.
Question 801 pts
An idiopathic spasm of arterioles in the digits is termed:
Group of answer choices
arteriosclerosis obliterans.
giant cell arteritis.
peripheral arterial aneurysm.
Raynaud disease.
Question 811 pts
You are examining a patient in the emergency department who has recently sustained head trauma. In order to initially assess this patient’s neurologic status
Group of answer choices
ask him to discriminate between the smell of orange and peppermint.
test the six cardinal points of gaze.
palpate the jaw muscles as the patient clenches teeth.
observe for swallowing and test the gag reflex.
Question 821 pts
The rectal past medical history of all patients should include inquiry about:
Group of answer choices
bowel habits.
dietary habits.
hemorrhoid surgery.
laxative use.
Question 831 pts
Which one of the following techniques is used to detect a torn meniscus?
Group of answer choices
McMurray test
Thomas test
Trendelenburg test
Drawer test
Question 841 pts
Kawasaki disease is suspected when assessments of a child reveal:
Group of answer choices
conjunctival injection