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Powerful Friendship

In the book The Pact, the three doctors employed interdependence in order to beat the odds and reach their success through friendship. They give me motivation and insight, and I want to have a friendship like theirs when my friends and I are into trouble, sharing time and making each other stronger. The three learned to help each other stay focused and achieve their dreams through their strong friendship, leading them into a world of success, intelligence and happiness. Every chapter is based on one of the doctors’ life or struggle they had to overcome to get to where they are now. The three men share their stories of friendship between one another during their adolescent years until present day. They talk about the promise they make to each other to always have each other’s back and to always do their best.

Sampson Davis, George Jenkins, and Rameck Hunt, authors and main characters of The Pact, grew up in the violent streets of Newark, New Jersey. It was survival of the fittest, or in their case, the baldest. They would put up a show for their boys to show how “gangster” they were, and Rameck was the biggest performer of them all. He got into the most trouble out of all three. However, the worst act of all was when he broke the leg of one of his fellow classmate. After causing trouble, Rameck thought, “Now my stepbrother and his boys were looking at me as if to say, “Man, this white boy is getting to the best of you. What you gonna do?” if I did nothing, I’d look like a punk.”(Rameck 133). He was put on trial for what he did, and if it hadn’t been for the mother of that student, he would have gone to jail with little to no chance of being the successful man he is today.

Rameck was not the type to learn his lesson the first time. After being put on trial, he was put on probation. That meant that if he was caught misbehaving on school grounds again, he would be kicked out of school for good. Within no time of his hearing, he fell back into trouble. He was nearly caught shoplifting a school sweatshirt, and if he had actually been caught, the pact and the boys’ friendship would experience a devastating blow. Not only they would have lost a friend, but they would also have lost hope and motivation. The whole point of their pact was to keep up each other’s motivation and hope, so that they would be able to reach their goals of becoming doctors. To discover self-motivation is find purpose in their lives by discovering personally meaningful goals and dreams. As Downing asserts, “Discover self-motivation is to find purpose in their lives by discovering personally meaningful goals and dreams” (Downing 9). I also believe that they have the same potential as Inner Guide. Downing notes “Your Inner Guide can help you regain focus by addressing one question: what are my goals and dreams?” (Downing 128). Rameck’s delinquency would only appear as if he wasn’t taking their promise seriously. “I couldn’t keep risking everything. College was different from anything I had ever known, but I could get so much out of it if I just tried. I was marking good grades, which meant I was smart enough to be here. All I had to do was stay out of trouble. If I got kicked out of college, where would I go? Back to Ma’s house? That would surely break her heart. And what would happen to Sam and George?” (Rameck 139 - 140)

Although Rameck’s negligence caused trouble for Sam, George, and himself, it also had a positive effect. He learned that it was time to take responsibility and change his life. He realized that the pact was something that needed to be taken seriously because Sam and George were taking it seriously. Not only did they believe in the pact, but they also believed in the power of friendship and in Rameck. “The glory of friendship is not the outstretched hand, nor the kindly smile. It’s the spiritual inspiration that comes to one when he discovers that someone else believes in him and is willing to trust him with his friendship” (Ralph Waldo Emerson).

The pact is truly a life changing book which shows the benefits of friendship and hard work. Even though one of the doctors would get themselves into trouble once in a while, their friendship kept them strong and made them the successful doctors they are today. I believe that friendship is a powerful thing. Despite obstacles and setbacks, the doctors continue to move in a positive direction, motivated by the promise of achieving goals and dreams. I support that not only do I gain social skills, but I also learn and experience the feeling of caring for another person. I would recommend the book The Pact to anyone who faces many struggles to accomplish their goals in life and for people who looks for inspiration.

A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and other devices in a relatively small area, typically a single building or a group of buildings. Most LANs connect workstations and personal computers and enable users to access data and devices (e.g., printers and modems) anywhere on the network. The hardware components of a LAN consist of: PCs/workstations and serversNetwork Interface Card (NIC)Cabling and connectors, for example, coaxial cable and BNC connector, Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and RJ-45 connector hub, concentrator, and more complicated network devices such as Bridge, LAN Switch and Router.

Other networking components are used to connect a PC or even a laptop to an Ethernet network. AUI-BNC transceivers can be used to connect a PC or a laptop to a different network interface. Some NIC can support a combination of interface, such as an AUI and a BNC as well as an RJ45. Sometimes a combo transceiver may be used to connect to a NIC on a PC or a laptop on one end and to another network system on the other over the supported interface. Most network interface cards today have PnP (Plug and Play) capability. The following procedures assume that your NIC is PnP-compatible and that your PC’s operating system is Windows® 95. Once the NIC is installed and you have powered on your computer, Windows® 95 will automatically detect the new modem and assist you with its configuration. If this is not the case, refer to the documentation that came with your NIC for proper configuration procedures such as setting IRQ settings.

Internetworking is the practice of connecting a computer network with other networks through the use of gateways that provide a common method of routing information packets between the networks. The resulting system of interconnected networks is called an internetwork, or simply an internet. Internetworking is a combination of the words inter ("between") and networking(connecting). LAN Internetworking: LAN internetworking is the process of connecting one LAN to another or more LANs or WANs through specific devices e.g.: Bridges, Switches, Hubs. Routers. All the devices which are used in LAN are used in internetworking.

The wireless nature of such networks allows users to access network resources from nearly any convenient location within their primary networking environment(a home or office). With the increasing saturation of laptop-style computers, this is particularly relevant.

With the emergence of public wireless networks, users can access the internet even outside their normal work environment. Most chain coffee shops, for example, offer their customers a wireless connection to the internet at little or no cost.

Users connected to a wireless network can maintain a nearly constant affiliation with their desired network as they move from place to place. For a business, this implies that an employee can potentially be more productive as his or her work can be accomplished from any convenient location.

Initial setup of an infrastructure-based wireless network requires little more than a single access point. Wired networks, on the other hand, have the additional cost and complexity of actual physical cables being run to numerous locations (which can even be impossible for hard-to-reach locations within a building).Wireless networks can serve a suddenly-increased number of clients with the existing equipment. In a wired network, additional clients would require additional wiring.

Wireless networking hardware is at worst a modest increase from wired counterparts. This potentially increased cost is almost always more than outweighed by the savings in cost and labor associated with running physical cables.* EhternetIt is inexpensive to form an ethernet based network of computers. The nodes on the Ethernet network have the same privileges and do not follow client-server architecture. It is easy to maintain and troubleshoot the ethernet network. The cables used in ethernet connection are immune to noise and hence the quality of the connection is maintained without any degradation. With the latest versions such as gigabit ethernet and wireless Ethernet (IEEE 802.11ac/11ad) transfer speeds in Gbps have become possible. Minimum hardware requirements For Server: The values below refer to the minimum available hardware required to run Confluence only; for example, the minimum heap size to allocate to Confluence is 1 GB and 1 GB for Synchrony (which is required for collaborative editing). You'll need additional physical hardware, or at least the minimum amount required by your Operating System and any other applications that run on the server. On small instances, server load is primarily driven by peak visitors, so minimum system requirements are difficult to judge. We provide these figures as a guide to the absolute minimum required to run Confluence, and your configuration will likely require better hardware. Here is our minimum hardware recommendation:CPU: Quad core 2GHz+ CPURAM: 6GBMinimum database space: 10GBNote: Please be aware that while some of our customers run Confluence on SPARC-based hardware, we only officially support Confluence running on x86 hardware and 64-bit derivatives of x86 hardware. Confluence typically will not perform well in a tightly constrained, shared environment - examples include an AWS micro.t1 instance. Please be careful to ensure that your choice of hosting platform is capable of supplying sustained processing and memory capacity for the server, particularly the processing-intense startup process. Example hardware specifications these are example hardware specifications for non-clustered Confluence instances. It is not recorded whether the amount of RAM refers to either the total server memory or memory allocated to the JVM, while blank settings indicate that the information was not provided.

When planning server hardware requirements for your Confluence deployment, you will need to estimate the server scalability based on peak visitors, the editor to viewer ratio and total content. The editor to viewer ratio is how many visitors are performing updates versus those only viewing content. Total content is best estimated by a count of total spaces.

Confluence scales best with a steady flow of visitors rather than defined peak visitor times, few editors and few spaces. Users should also take into account: Total pages is not a major consideration for performance. For example, instances hosting 80K of pages can consume under 512MB of memory. Always use an external database, and check out the performance tuning guides.

Data protection has always been a key feature in all of the products our team has produced (in fact we have a dedicated feature team for data protection). The major data protection features we have enhanced or added in Essentials 2012 include:

Storage Spaces is new to Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 and offers a number of compelling scenarios for first-server environments including easy capacity expansion and resiliency for physical disk failures using commodity disk hardware. The ability to simply add a disk drive and increase capacity has long been a request from customers and partners. In Essentials 2012, we have integrated Storage Spaces through wizards and alerts to help make it simple and easy to use.

File History is a new Windows 8 feature that allows you to store changes made to files on your client machine and then easily find and restore previous versions without requiring the assistance of an administrator. In Essentials 2012, we have made it simple for the administrator or partner to configure Windows 8 clients from with the Dashboard to turn on File History and point the File History folder to the Essentials 2012 server. This is a great experience for Windows 8 clients as it provides the added safety of having their File History stored on the server. Microsoft Online Backup Service. Essentials 2012 integrates with the Microsoft Online Backup Service which makes it simple for customers to register their server and perform online backups. This provides an additional layer of protection above local Windows Server Backup mechanisms. Support for backing up 50 client machines. SBS 2011 Essentials had backup support for up to 25 machines. Essentials 2012 doubles this support to 50 machines. We also made some significant performance improvements to client backup.> 2 TB disk support. SBS 2011 Essentials did not support disk drives greater than 2TB for backup and restore. This was a common request from customers (especially from Home Server customers) and we added this in Essentials 2012.

Anywhere Access is a term we use to cover the various ways that customers can access their server, whether they are using a remote PC, laptop, tablet or smartphone. Major updates and new features in this area include Remote Web Access (RWA). RWA is an existing feature that many of our customers love. In Essentials 2012, we made a number of improvements with one of the biggest being making sure it works well on touch-first devices such as the Windows 8 based touch devices, the iPad and Android tablet devices. RWA now supports HTTP progressive download media streaming from the server in addition to Silverlight media streaming. We have also improved the access to files and folders on the server, allowing an administrator to control which shared folders appear in RWA – an often requested feature in SBS 2011 Essentials.Windows 8 Metro application. We are building a Windows 8 Metro application for accessing Essentials 2012 servers. The existing LaunchPad client app will continue to be available for Windows 8, but we also wanted to build a Windows 8 app that enables users to quickly and easily access and control their server. We are very excited about this app as it allows for some very cool scenarios – especially around people who are traveling and need seamless access to files and folders or media from their server. This is our first client app that supports an off-line mode for people who are remote – another request from partners and customers. In addition, we implemented many of the Windows 8 standard interfaces in our app which allows for a range of new scenarios natively from Windows 8, e.g., simple uploading and searching of files on Essentials 2012. Updated Windows Phone 7 application. We have updated the existing Windows Phone 7 application to work with Essentials 2012 servers – including the ability to access files and folders on the server (this functionality was not available in the previous version). A new Quick Status pane provides information about the state of your server. Remote Connection Monitoring. Essentials 2012 allows administrators to see who is (and has been) remotely connected to the server. Remote domain join. Essentials 2012 allows client machines to join their server without having to be inside the company network. This will make it significantly easier when working with remote users and their machines. Simplified VPN configuration. Essentials 2012 allows customers to quickly and easily configure VPN access to their servers. Client machines are configured with the right connections, allowing users to easily access server resources when they are working remotely on their client machines. Improved SDK extensibility with Web Services. This is more of a developer-facing feature, but we are very excited about the possibilities this opens up. Essentials 2012 has a set of web services that allow developers to write a new set of apps that interact with the server. As an implementation note, we use these services inside the Windows 8 Metro and Windows Phone applications.

In this section, I have listed some of the core infrastructure improvements that we have done in Essentials 2012. Major updates and new features in this area include: Simplified moving past 25 users/50 devices. One of the major pieces of feedback about SBS 2011 Essentials was that once a customer had grown beyond the 25 user limit they had to migrate to Windows Server Standard. After the migration, key SBS-specific features that they had come to depend on (e.g., client backup, Remote Web Access), were no longer available. We wanted to address this issue in Essentials 2012 and so we now allow customers to do an in-place license transition to Windows Server 2012 Standard. After the transition, customers are running Windows Server 2012 Standard without any of the licensing limitations of Essentials 2012, but the majority of Essentials 2012 functionality continues to operate and is fully supported for up to 75 users and 75 devices. (Note that while there are no restrictions placed on the number of users/devices that can be added to a Windows Server 2012 Standard environment, there are maximum supportability limits for the Essentials 2012 features.)Media support. We enabled the core media experiences of Windows Home Server 2011 and Windows Storage Server 2008 R2 Essentials on Essentials 2012, which brings the ability to easily share pictures as well as stream video and music from the server. Media on the server can be shared in a number of ways, including DLNA-compliant devices on the server network, Remote Web Access, as well as the Windows Phone 7 client and the Windows 8 Metro client.

The Dashboard is the main UI for administrators. In Essentials 2012, we made a number of changes to make. Dashboard more useful for everyday usage: Making the Home Page more useful. The Essentials 2012 homepage has been redesigned to not only make getting started easier but also more useful after the initial getting started tasks are complete. Home Page will now provide quick status information about the server (e.g. number of users, number of shares, who is connected, etc.) so an administrator or partner can quickly see the state and health of the server. Monitor security and update status for client PCs. Administrators can now quickly see the security setting and Windows update status for client PCs from the Dashboard as well as being able to remotely connect to client machines to fix issues. Servers in the dashboard. Essentials 2012 can now report health and update status of other servers on the network. Supported servers include Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows Multipoint Server. Administrators will also be able to initiate a remote desktop session to these servers directly from the Dashboard.

Essentials 2012 has the same extensibility mechanism used in SBS 2011 Essentials which will allow nearly all add-ins built for SBS 2011 Essentials to continue to work with Essentials 2012. We have also exposed Microsoft Pinpoint information directly in the Dashboard to help customers discover useful add-ins for their server.

A major area of flexibility for Essentials 2012 was providing partners and customers with the choice of where they wanted their email service to be located. In SBS 2011 Standard, email was installed and always assumed to be on premises. In SBS 2011 Essentials, we had an add-in for Office 365 connectivity, but no integration was possible with an existing Exchange Server running locally on a second server. With Essentials 2012, there are three deployment options for messaging and collaboration services for which we provide an integrated management experience: On-Premises. Essentials 2012 contains integration with an on-premises Exchange Server running on a second server, which can be either physical or virtual. Office 365. Essentials 2012 builds on the previous Office 365 Integration Module for SBS 2011 Essentials. This option is now part of the core product (no separate download is required) and it allows customers that have an Office 365 account to use this service for their email

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Hosted Exchange providers can offer add-ins to Essentials 2012 that will allow customers to select this option. We know that there are many different types of hosted email providers. While we have focused on hosted Exchange email providers, we engineered the product to be email service agnostic which allows non-Exchange based email providers to be integrated through this mechanism (note that this specific feature is not available in the beta).

What is logic? The generally accepted definition, or the “popular conception,” states that logic is simply a set of rules for good, proper, or correct reasoning (the precise wording changes depending on who you’re talking to, but you get the idea). On the surface this is a grand description, its enough to make us nod and feel that the issue is adequately tidied up. Upon analysis, however, we realize that this conception fails to hold up to much, if any, serious scrutiny. What exactly do we mean by “good,” “proper,” and “correct”? These terms are rather vague and leave a bit too much up for interpretation, something which inevitably leads to misunderstanding. Clearly a more rigorous definition is needed to avoid such misunderstandings. Presenting two possible and radically different candidates for such a rigorous conception of logic are the philosophers John Dewey and Bertrand Russell. Both claim that their conceptions of logic serve to free the world from dogmas, from being bogged down by preconceived notions of the way reality works and the world functions. Russell believed that in the face of his understanding of logic, as the only necessity in interpreting the world, dogmas simply fail to hold up. And Dewey clearly stated in his book Reconstruction in Philosophy that “to perceive this fact [that of his conception of logic] is to abolish rigid dogmas from the world.” (Dewey, p. 7) This, however, is where the similarities between their conceptions end.

Russell defined logic as “the study of structures as given by relation.” The most basic principles of such a conception are actually quite easily recognizable to most with a basic elementary education. Statements such as “X is X for all X,” “if X is Y, then Y is X, for all Y and X,” and “if X is Y and Y is Z, then X is Z, for all X, Y, and Z” are lines of logical reasoning within this conception. Russell believed that there exist certain facts which are synthetic a priori. That is, there are facts that are true in virtue of the world, and can be known without the need for empirical investigation. These truths simply are true, there is no reason or explanation for their existence or truth. Many candidates for synthetic a priori truths have been given over the years, including math itself, the law of inertia, and the fact that “all events have a cause.” It can be argued whether or not these are truly known a priori, but whatever is ultimately and truly known without the need for empirical investigation, these logical truths, in Russell’s belief, are the only truly necessary truths. They are the only objective and true tool we can use to understand and investigate the world. The realization that these necessary truths are the only accurate tool for exploring the world is what Russell says is so freeing about this conception of logic. Dogmas, such as “women must act as caretakers,” “some races are superior to others,” and others, simply don’t make sense when held up against fundamental a priori truths, the only true truths.

But it is precisely these synthetic a priori truths which lead to the most biting criticism of rationalism (believing that there are synthetic a priori truths): where do these truths come from? It seems unsatisfactory to hand-wave it all away and say “they simply are,” that they are true by the very nature of the world. Dewey mocks these statements saying that such understandings of logic describe mathematics “as if it had sprung all at once from the brain of a Zeus, whose anatomy is that of pure logic.” (Dewey, p. 4) Surely no modern, scientific understanding of logic can have things springing from the minds of anyone, especially that of a mythical being.

Dewey attempts to address this issue by crafting an alternative conception of logic, one driven by empiricism (the belief that the only synthetic truths are known a posteriori, or through empirical investigation). Dewey does away with the universal laws and a priori truths of Russell and instead says that logic is a set of behavior protocols which result in successful organism-environment engagement. Take the behavior protocol “when I hear a buzzing sound, I attempt to eat the source of the noise.” If you are a frog living in a swamp largely undisturbed by humans, it is easy to imagine this protocol leading to a successful life of eating flies, providing you with the fuel to continue living and eventually producing offspring (the main goal of life in all forms). This is “true” by Dewey’s conception of logic, or as he prefers to call it, this is “acting truly.” It works in this environment, so it is true for this environment. Another environment may have a different set of protocols that function well there and are just as “true.” Dewey believed that all discoveries of science, mathematics, truth, and understanding result from a trial-and-error evolution or adaptation of these behavior protocols over time.

This is where the central issue with empiricism appears. It seems strange to say that the success of a single protocol in one particular environment makes it “true.” If we took that same frog from before, with the same behavior protocol, and placed it in a different environment, say, a manufacturing plant, the frog may find itself with its tongue stuck in the buzzing motors of machinery. This is not an ideal situation for the frog, and certainly not one likely to lead to the birth of many offspring. All of a sudden, the protocol is no longer a success, and it suddenly loses its truth. The frog is no longer “acting truly,” but rather “untruly,” according to Dewey. But this seems unsatisfactory. Why should truth depend on an environment? Adding to this criticism are some of the conclusions Dewey draws from his understanding of logic. He says that all thinking and thought patterns are the result of some problem in our environment, some attempt to fulfill the need of the organism. This makes sense in some contexts, starving can certainly lead to the invention of new ways of finding food, and facing a hungry lion can lead to startling ingenuity in weaponry. However, it seems wrong to think that, should one find oneself trouble-free, that all thought will simply cease. This goes against our basic intuitive understanding of our own thoughts and the nature of their existence.

The final, and possibly most damning criticism of Dewey’s empiricism is the difficulty it has explaining human kind’s knowledge of mathematics. By what empirical means can math be discovered? By what pattern of trial-and-error? There is no true real world analog for mathematics, “adding” two things together is not a physical process, but an abstract process seemingly taking place completely within one’s mind. We can add the number of moons of Jupiter to the number of moons of Saturn without traveling off planet, and we certainly don’t need to interact with any of the moons to do such addition. If an organism somehow came to the understanding that “three plus three is ten,” what phenomenon will take place to correct this error and adapt (or evolve) the protocol to the correct (or true) “three plus three equals six”? Empiricism says that all truths are discovered, essentially, by bumping into the world around us until we finally get it right. How do we find math simply by bumping into things?

In the end, neither conception of logic offers an understanding free of criticism. If these are our only two options, then we must either accept the existence of rationalism’s inexplicable synthetic a priori truths, or overlook empiricism’s unintuitive, relativistic conception of “truth” and its inability to explain our knowledge of mathematics. If you can come to terms with one of these criticisms, then you have yourself a working conception of logic. But as always, we maintain the option of rejecting both of these established conceptions and putting in the long, hard effort of crafting our own, perhaps one which manages to fill in the holes of rationalism and empiricism and escapes all of their flaws and criticisms. If this is the route you choose to take, I wish you luck.

Supersize me is a 2004 American documentary film directed and starred by Morgan Spurlock. Spurlock’s film follows a 30 day period from February 1 to March 2 where he only ate McDonald’s food 3 times a day. Spurlock ate every item listed on the McDonald’s menu at least once. Spurlock uses a strategy presented through the use of ethos, pathos, and logos appeals by presenting a concise statement that fast-food really does damage to your body. Spurlock being the filmmaker, producer, and screenwriter was his attempt to show America his physical and psychological well-being with the influence of the fast food industry.

Spurlock uses his own credibility with his ethos approach by convincing mainly adult viewers how much damage was caused to him by consuming all this fast-food. Ethos is the community sense of meeting and group identity. Ethos shows the importance of what you are talking about and gives the author credibility. In this documentary, it was stated that 1 in every 4 Americans visit a fast food restaurant and in 1972, America spent 3 billion dollars a year on fast food. In today’s society studies show that we spend more than 110 billion dollars a year. These stats were provided from Spurlock and show that the producers of the documentary know what they are talking about. Supersize Me provides viewers with a sense of meeting and group identity letting them know they aren’t alone. Almost all of the facts given relate to a large percentage of Americans. Spurlock allows over weight, fast-food consumer to feel connected with one another giving them a “group” identity. Without the facts and statistics given that validity the argument behind fast-food it would be hard for people to believe that any of Spurlock’s findings were valid.

Another approach used by Spurlock was his Pathos appeal to the audience’s emotions. Spurlock did an exceptional job by vomiting right after he ate McDonald’s, calling his mom informing her that his liver is currently being destroyed from the food he was consuming. These two examples really helped to convince the audience of the argument he was portraying. Another example of a Pathos approach made by Spurlock was when he ordered the McDonald’s fruit parfait and there was a hair in it which made it really disgusting to the viewers. Besides adults, this documentary was somewhat directed towards children by installing fear. Spurlock in addition informed relatives and loved one’s of what he was accomplishing and had them all in fear. By the use of all these negative tactics Spurlock made it every last effort that by the time a viewer watched his documentary that they were more than discouraged but genuinely scared to consume fast-food.

In addition, Spurlock really does push his body to the limit by having doctors warn him to stop the diet immediately. Spurlock went to see three different physicians and left each of their offices with the same input that his diet was extremely unhealthy which really helped to increase the validity of his argument. Each doctor advised him to stop before he cuts away at his long term health. Spurlock knows very little about health awareness and has no prior knowledge about health before this film which prevents his argument from being successful. Spurlock’s logos approach allows for the documentary to persuade the audience by scientific details. Numbers are able to be put down in the form of statistics. According to Spurlock 60% of Americans are overweight or obese, using this documentary to help benefit any fast-food consumer but more importantly the general public who is facing obesity. Spurlock frequently went to the doctor over the course of the month to test his weight, blood sugar, fat, cholesterol, and liver function. By the end of the film Spurlock gained close to 25 pounds, and put on a 13% body mass increase, with a skyrocket in cholesterol and noticeable mood changes due to the food he was intaking. Through this 30 day process Spurlock showed how you really are the product of your own health. Research shows that obesity has become the second most preventable death in the United States, as many as 400,000 individuals die from related obesity illness every year. These facts further persuade the audience of the dangers that the fast food industry has on all our health.

Overall, the experiment that allowed Spurlock to consume 3 McDonald’s meals per day, breakfast, lunch and dinner. He must consume every item on the McDonald’s menu at least once, including only bottled water as a beverage. Spurlock walk’s from his home to a McDonald’s in Manhattan that was 5,000 steps away. Walking this distance is the standardized distance of steps per day of a typical United States Citizen. After 5 days it wasn’t long before you saw a complete mood swing and minor depression symptoms from Spurlock. This documentary portrayed all aspects of logos, ethos and pathos showing a sign of action that needs to be taken so less people look and feel like Spurlock once did as he allowed fast food to abuse his body and lifestyle.

Works Cited

1. Spurlock, M. (Director). (2004). Super Size Me [Documentary film]. Samuel Goldwyn Films.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Adult Obesity Facts. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html
3. American Heart Association. (2021). Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations. Retrieved from https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/nutrition-basics/diet-and-lifestyle-recommendations
4. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Food Labeling & Nutrition. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/food/food-labeling-nutrition
5. National Institutes of Health. (2018). Overweight and Obesity Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/overweight-obesity
6. An, R. (2016). Fast-Food and Full-Service Restaurant Consumption and Daily Energy and Nutrient Intakes in US Adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(1), 97–103. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.105
7. Bowman, S. A., Vinyard, B. T., & Clark, M. B. (2004). Fast Food Consumption of U.S. Adults: Impact on Energy and Nutrient Intakes and Overweight Status. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 23(2), 163–168. doi:10.1080/07315724.2004.10719381
8. Saelens, B. E., & Glanz, K. (2009). Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S): Development and Evaluation. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(4), 345–351. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.12.019
9. Roberts, J. R. (2012). Food Is Love: Food Advertising and Gender Roles in Modern America. University of Pennsylvania Press.
10. Pottenger, F. M., & Samuels, E. R. (1950). Symptoms Resulting from Foods Treated with Heat. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 143(7), 668–671. doi:10.1001/jama.1950.02910300016004

Canadian musicians are more likely to write about landscape, more specifically their connections with their own land, what their region’s focal points are, or simply tell a story. The reason being that Canada is very fortunate to have possessed many of the greatest views of nature and they only want to share it with others. I was keen on choosing Ontario as my region and we can’t deny the fact that this province is mainly known for its huge capital city, Toronto. The majority do not know about Ontario’s vast natural environment because their hate for Toronto keeps them from looking beyond. Harlan Pepper is a band I chose because of their song “Great Lakes”. The title itself is straightforward and if you don’t already know, the Great Lakes is one of Ontario’s notable artifacts. Canadian art, music in this case, is a form of expression influenced by the individual’s surroundings. It’s another simple and creative way to show appreciation for one’s country and its landscape geographically or locally. For the remainder of this paper, I want to share what I have found in terms of Ontario’s geography including other landmarks. Near the end, I will elaborate on how Harlan Pepper’s work was influenced by the landscape of Ontario by analyzing the lyrics to their song. To conclude, this paper will have the points connecting each other, leading us to the answer on how Canadian landscape influences Canadian music.

To connect the landscape to a certain piece of music, I first decided to learn about the landscape of my region. Starting out from the clichés and working my way beyond them. I used a variety of sources like articles, videos, encyclopedias, etc. to gather information. Then, I looked for an artist to connect to this landscape and ended up with a band called Harlan Pepper. I listened to their songs and came across one that was perfectly depicted by a huge landscape in that region. After connecting their lyrics to the landscape, I concluded that music can be heavily influenced by your view of your own region. In this case, Harlan Pepper was very influenced by a popular mainland that Ontario is known for. You're from Canada? Toronto isn’t it? – the landscape of Ontario Most people outside Canada are familiarized by the name Toronto due to its urban characteristics or because of the title it holds being ‘the most multicultural city in the world’. What those group of people don’t typically see is the province of Toronto as a whole, that is Ontario. Now, going into Canadian perspective, what are their thoughts on this region? What kind of landscape do they make up when they hear Ontario? I found that Canadians feel agitated hearing the word Ontario and automatically target Toronto. I wanted to know why they hate the city and came across the video ‘Why People Hate Toronto!’. The interviewer asked multiple people in Quebec what they thought of the city. One stated ‘The best view of Toronto is in the rear-view mirror of your car’.

Another saying, ‘it’s a disease’. One even made a pun, ‘It’s onterrible. . . ’ But the video also directed me to another leading stereotype, ‘Torontonians have an ego’ (narcity). They claim that Toronto thinks they are the center of the universe or in this case, center of Canada. They see it as an urbanized self-centered city but then again, these are just the thoughts of the Quebecois. In other parts of Canada, mainly the more rural areas, they know about Ontario’s Geography and that it doesn’t equal Toronto. Ontario is also best known for its vast mountains and great lakes. It isn’t all urbanized, in fact Ontario’s geography is just as diverse as the people who are living in Toronto. Ranging from rivers, forests, mountains, and lakes. I want to take some time and present Ontario as a province, exploring the nature it has and expose the beauty that is not just the Niagara Falls or the CN Tower.

Hamilton for example, is the fourth largest urban city but also has numerous attractions involving the natural environment. I came across an interesting fact that really caught me by surprise. Hamilton Mountain is dotted with more than 100 waterfalls, with the combination of the mountain’s height (330’ tall), rock erosion and water sources, hence earning the name ‘City of Waterfalls’ (multi-area). Personally speaking, I had no idea Hamilton had these many waterfalls. My favorite out of all of them is the Devil’s Punchbowl which is in Stoney Creek. It’s a waterfall that is 121 feet high and 10 feet wide. The colorful layers of rocks are dated all the way back to a million years. There’s a high steel cross 10 meters high standing close by, constructed by a local resident in 1966 to “bring light to the community”. Cootes Paradise is also a very well-known attraction with the land being 55% agricultural, 30% forested, 10% urban, and 5% undesignated. It’s located on the west end of Lake Ontario. The place has the largest concentration of plants in Canada and is a home to multiple different living things. Within the area there’s the Royal Botanical Gardens which consist of five garden areas for anyone to explore through. Out of the five, the Hendrie Park (Rose Garden) is my ultimate aesthetic. The flowers look so vibrant under the sunlight and feels very calming though I'm not actually physically there. There’s so much more to explore and these wonderful places are just the tiniest particles of Hamilton’s nature.

The Five Great Lakes make up 20% of the world’s freshwater and four out of the five are spread across Ontario. Each destination offers different features and you can pick based on your preference. Lake Huron is a place to enjoy a cottage life experience. It consists of relatively warm water, a long stretch of sandy beaches, and spectacular scenes both above and below water. Many people attend the lake to swim, boat, hike, and dive. In Lake Erie. you can experience skydiving, of course with an expert if you’re new to it. There are numerous places to eat where the beautiful lake is the background you can enjoy. It also has national parks for a place to relax and other great beaches to visit. Lake Superior are for those who enjoy the great outdoors. The area is typically known to be colder, but it can be a perfect place to camp, being surrounded by forests, waterfalls, stunning hiking trails, fishing, and vast wilderness. The main attractions include the Kakabeka Falls – the second largest waterfall by capacity.

Agawa Canyon Tour Train, which will take you to the most beautiful landscape. It is highly recommended to visit during autumn for a colorful adventure. Lake [image: ]Ontario has an interesting history. 50 people have had their turn to swim across the lake but the first to ever accomplish it was Marilyn Bell who was 16 at the time in 1954. So, if you’re ever feeling challenged, you could be the next one to cross the lake. There’s a place called Scarborough Bluffs. It’s an escarpment in the Scarborough district of Toronto, Ontario. With such a scenic landscape, The Bluffs is very mesmerizing and climbing to the top can reward you with a panoramic view of Lake Ontario. If one ever needs a break from loud Toronto, Scarborough Bluffs is only a 30-minute drive away. The landscape and overall nature of these lakes are so underrated and overpowered by the mainstream attractions. These are the kind of places that will take your breath away for all the right reasons.

Harlan Pepper is a band formed in Hamilton, Ontario in 2008, with four members who wrote a song titled “Great Lakes” as a homage to the region. The band consists of Dan Edmonds, Jimmy Hayes, Marton Nicolle, and Thompson Wilson. Not long after graduating high school, this group decided to take their music on the go and promote their album, ‘Young and Old’, in various places. This album is the epitome of their love for raw roots, rock country, blues, and folk music. They won 3 Hamilton Music Awards, Folk/Roots Recording of the Year, New Artist/Group of the Year, and People’s Choice Music Event of the Year. “Great Lakes” is a heavily influenced song by the long strip of landscape that lays beside Ontario. Hamilton sits on the western tip of Lake Ontario, which is their hometown.

Organizational Culture: Business Club

An organizational culture that I’ve been studying and attempting to gain an understanding of is the business club available at the school. Business is too broad a subject to only grasp one aspect of without taking into consideration all the other parts that go hand-in-hand with it and the proliferous variation in size, scale, company type etc. that can be influenced by business theory. The business club covers topics such as economic theories, finance, and the like in their meetings.

“Corporate culture refers to the beliefs and behaviors that determine how a company's employees and management interact and handle outside business transactions” (Corporate Culture, n.d.). This can come to include all the values, beliefs, norms and habits within a specific company demonstrated by its employees and managers that comprise this culture. However, it is something that should be inherent within the company, built off whatever lead to its inception and then shoots off from there: “I feel the most important distinction to make here is that company culture is something that is pre-existing in your company’s genetic code; it’s not something that employees bring with them” (Craig, 2014).

I observed the members of the business club interacting with one another and their discussions regarding company culture and its variations among the many corporations that exist nowadays. For example, social media companies such as Google or Facebook have a more relaxed atmosphere that is more focused on creativity and allowing their employees to free themselves from the stresses and blockages of everyday life in the workspace. On the other hand, companies such as Goldman Sachs or J.P. Morgan have a more rigorous and professional setting where work must get done in a calculated and efficient manner, otherwise potential clients may be lost and profits vanish as a result. It’s these two extremes between an actively fun-focused and relaxed setting and a strict, traditional work setting that set the stage for the middle ground where most companies tend to fall on in the spectrum, and this helps individuals decides what’s a better fit for them.

The club itself is organized in a similar manner to a run-of-the-mill corporation, with a CEO, sub-level managers, and then the regular, day-to-day employees that do most of the low-level work within the club. Their designated jobs range from analyzing various stocks on the market and determining which are profitable and which aren’t, to managing already selected stocks invested in and extrapolating where these stocks are going to lead to. It’s a lot more easy-going than a place such as Goldman Sachs, but far from Google, with members of the club being expected to contribute on a regular basis, attend meetings whenever called, and offer up any noteworthy information when had. Otherwise, they are expected to “resign” from the club and are no longer considered members from that point on. Company culture is changeable, and constantly evolves along with the members: “Whether the influence to change comes naturally over time from the addition of new employees with different views and approaches…” (Skills to Help You Understand and Navigate a Company's Culture, 2016)

The business club is something of a company culture in and of itself, with the top-tier members influencing the rest of the group with their own values and beliefs regarding how work should get done: “A company’s values are the core of its culture. While a vision articulates a company’s purpose, values offer a set of guidelines on the behaviors and mindsets needed to achieve that vision” (Six Components of a Great Corporate Culture, 2013). Also, how to increase productivity and efficiency within the group, and what they should stand for in terms of mission statement and code of ethics. With this, the business club satisfies what it means to be a “company” of sorts.

“Another Brick in the Wall”

By far one of the most commercially successful and musically influential bands in the history of music would be Pink Floyd. The band achieved international acclaim with their music because of their unique psychedelic music known for its philosophical expressionism and overall audio experimentation. The band also received international acclaim for their dramatic and elaborate live performances using special effects, practical effects, and other visuals on stage.

The 1960s were a time of sex, drugs, and of course rock and roll. Self-expression and the desire for individualism fueled the youth of the time not excluding a group of teenagers from Cambridge, England. Roger Barrett, Roger Waters, Nick Mason, and Rick Wright all came together in 1965 during their studies in London to form the infamous band we know today. The bang began to gain momentum by doing gigs and small shows for London’s underground music scene throughout the 60s. The bands final official member, David Gilmour, joined the group in 1967 followed shortly by Roger Barrett leaving the band the following year.

At this time the band released its first album “The Piper at the Gates of Dawn” (1967) along with two chart singles. The band was able to attract the attention of the professional music industry and was signed with EMI. Shortly after Barrett left, Roger Waters became the head of the band and assumed the role as the lead lyricist. Waters also assumed responsibility as the main creative force for the direction and message of the band, creating the majority of their songs and making the concepts behind many of their top albums. The band then toured extensively throughout America building a fan base and renown and this was the first time that the band began to make money. The band then took a break from touring as some of the members started families and they all began to settle in homes.

After some time apart the band got back together to really discover or uncover their central theme. After countless sessions in the studio where nothing would be achieved, the group experimented with lyrics and sounds even attempting to use household objects to create beats, a concept that they would return to for later hit albums “Dark Side of the Moon” and “Wish You Were Here.” In the fall of 1971 “Meddle” was released. The culmination of the bands long hours in the studio paid off with NME calling the song “Echoes” the “Zenith which the Floyd have been striving for.” The album peaked at number 3 after some otherwise unflattering criticism

At this time one of the bands most famous albums was released “Dark Side of the Moon” in 1973 with its iconic light through the prism cover art. The album stands as one of the most commercially successful rock albums of all time. This allowed the band to sign with Columbia records with an advance of around one million dollars, five million in today’s currency rates.

“Wish You Were Here” premiered in 1975 and shortly reached number one in the US and UK. In 1977 “Animals” was released which reached number three in the US and still received upward praise from critics about its message and merit in the musical industry. Then after a brief lull in terms of the band’s esprit de corps in 1979 the band released what is considered their most famous album, “The Wall.”

The album tells the story based on the gestalt figure Pink. The album features components from the bands history and Roger Water’s personal experiences as a child during WWII involving the death of his father. This death for the character Pink would be the first of many “bricks” in building the social wall against society. Then Pink would struggle with being a drug addicted depressed psychotic. This would then climax with the fascist ideals implanted by the society around him being torn down as the wall crashes down and Pink once again rejoins regular society. The album creates an epic and tragic story about a tormented individual and displays incredible talent in all areas from the band members. “…I think people are ready now to start confronting very broad philosophical and political issues, and “The Wall” is absolutely packed with them.” (Waters) This album in turn is what likely locked them as a mythic icon in rock and roll history.

In the mid and late 1980s the band finally split up. With many disputes between band members revolving around who did what and who was or wasn’t contributing. “We never managed to come to common view of the dynamic that existed within the band, of who did what and whether or not it was right” (Waters). Although Gilmour continued to create music, many fans and critics consider Waters’ departure the official split of the band. The band would not play together again until 2005 when there was a live reunion. “In 2005, at Live 8- the biggest global music event in history- the reunion of the four man line up that recorded most of the Floyd canon stole the show.” (Pink Floyd).

Roger Waters just completed a huge international tour of “Roger Waters The Wall” however the band remains recognized as certainly one of the most influential and successful rock bands that ever was. Roger Waters has an estimated $300 million net worth and Pink Floyd exists at number 8 on the list of top 10 best rock bands along with being number 51 out of 100 according to Rolling Stone.

Never Cry Wolf, by Farley Mowart, describes a scientist's adaptation to the wilderness as he is in search of wolves. Tyler, who is the main character, learns to respect the rights of the animals in the wilderness throughout the movie. Before his adventure begins Tyler runs into a drunk at the bar who tells him to avoid nature, as he would be the only meat to eat there. Rosie, a bush pilot, flies Tyler into the wilderness, and has no feelings towards nature whatsoever in the beginning, but finds that there is a use later on, and becomes rich off of its resources and its inhabitants. Ootek, an Indian that looks at wolves in a deep particular way, is a big influence on Tyler's development of respect for nature. Mike, Ootek's nephew, understands Tyler and follows his uncle at first, but ends up losing respect for the wolves and nature.

When Rosie dropped Tyler off on the lake, Tyler didn't know what to think about his adventure or the wilderness. As he began his adventure, he learned quickly to respect nature and its inhabitants. Upon meeting Ootek, Tyler began to discover what nature was really like. Mike gave him the same impression as Ootek. When Rosie dropped Tyler off he made it a point that he had no idea where they were or what they were there for. He was extremely unsure of nature and what it consists of, and felt that he had no need for it. When Tyler went exploring around towards the end of the movie, he found Rosie and a couple other guys camping out and playing football by a lake. Once confronted, Rosie said that he hit the jackpot and planned to turn the acreage into something fabulous. In the end Rosie had no respect for the wilderness or its inhabitants, but was satisfied with it because it was making him rich. The drunk at the bar obviously did not care for nature at all, as he did tell Tyler that if he went out there he was sure to be killed and eaten by the wild animals. When Tyler met Mike he had found a friend. Mike was an English speaking Indian that served as a translator between Tyler and Ootek, and provided Tyler with someone to talk to. Mike respected nature as much as Ootek at first, but towards the end he lost all respect that he ever had. He wanted out and to have nothing to do with it; able to leave nature behind and move on without thinking twice.

What we have seen in trying to compare and contrast these feelings towards nature and the wilderness is that many people feel many different ways; yet certain incidents and time can change anything and everything. Tyler went from being unsure to having the utmost respect for the wolves and their environment. Rosie went from having no use for it all to appreciating it greatly for making him extremely wealthy. Ootek and the drunk maintained their feelings towards nature throughout the entire movie, even though they were complete opposites. Mike on the other hand lost all the respect he had for nature, wolves, and those who did respect it. He ended up not caring about it at all, wishing he did not have to deal with it. Each character had different views on nature as well as different uses. It is hard to determine what is right, but we are all able to make our own opinions.

Born out of a need to help the less privileged in our community, my school was founded. It was run by teachers who were committed to our personal growth and free-willingly imparted us. I was privileged to be part of such an academic setting from which I learned a lot. We were pretty small in number and therefore closely knit. To put it simply, we had a great support system.

One of my greatest influences was from our principal (the founder of my school). He was a selfless being and I learnt a lot from him. He made me realize that each person has different strengths. In effect, since no one is a 'master of it all', we have to depend on one another if we want to progress in life. Owing to my reserved nature, I usually kept to myself, but that statement alone made me to come out of my 'cocoon'. Since then, I began to learn new things, different ways to approach things and engage other people's sense of reasoning. While in class, he ensured that his teachings were centered around real life applications. For instance, when he taught us calculus - I could remember how he used differentiation and integration, to show us how Faith, Love... were interconnected. I then realized that mathematics extended beyond mere x and y variables, I began to see its application in 'lifematics'. He was someone who would never hide any reservations he had about us. It could sometimes be hurtful, but this certainly helped me in working on my weak spots. I also realised that when I informed people about my perceptions about their characters, in a kind manner, I began to have a lighter heart and felt happier. Aside from that, I helped them in becoming better versions of themselves.

He didn't have much, but gave much. He supported us in getting school supplies and was concerned about our overall well being. This inspired me to learn the act of giving, even when I had little.

Words alone cannot describe how passionate my teachers were about imparting us, not just academically, but spiritually as well as with lifelong learning skills. In house debates organized by my English/Literature in English teacher also helped me with building my self confidence, particularly in public speaking. I was even more inspired after I won a debate where I competed against some of my seniors.

I always had the desire to share any knowledge that I had with others. Therefore, I usually had to sacrifice time from my break and other free periods to teach my fellow classmates any topic that I had gained mastery in, I also took this passion outside the boundaries of my class. I was overjoyed when I got a feedback a girl that I had taught. Usually, she had to go and help her mother out at her shop, after school. Her mother acknowledged how much easier her business had become with her, as she helped her with accurate daily bookkeeping.

As a class captain, throughout my stay, I ensured that I contributed my quota to seeing everyone progress, always being guided by our motto: Nurturing Kings for Future Exploits, I made sure I understood and exhibited the characteristics of king, behaving as best as I possibly could, with humility, as well as being mindful of the attributes that I had learnt. Our science related courses were quite rigorous. In fact some of the questions in our textbooks were tagged as questions that could be solved by academically gifted students. We had to solve most of these questions to ensure we had fully grasped the subject matter and I always felt relieved after solving these type of questions.

To sum it up, my schooling experience was one of the best that I could ever ask for, in the sense that it was unique from any other and helped in moulding me to become a better person.

Self-destructive behavior runs rampant in this book written by John Green. According to psychologists, self-destructive behavior is used as a coping mechanism when one is overwhelmed. In this novel, this type of response is seen mostly in Miles and Alaska. They both have different reasons for this behavior, as well as vastly different outlets for it.

Miles Halter is the protagonist. He is described as a mostly passive participant in the novel. He is not particularly handsome, or interesting, but lets himself be swept up into exciting situations by his new friends. Alaska, to Miles, is a dream. She is passionate, elusive and unpredictable. Alaska is, to him, an unreachable animal that refuses to be caged. His admiration for her is mostly one-dimensional. He likes the attributes of her that she herself puts out there, although her personality type seems neither natural nor sustainable.

Miles seems to be the perfect person to tell the story, as the perfect onlooker. His self-destructive behavior comes, one the one hand, from the fact that he eventually falls in love with someone as broken as Alaska. He seems to be blinded by this novel personality. On the other hand, another source of self-destruction stems from not having been very popular in his last school (his going-away party in which only two people show up). Suddenly he is part of something, and he‘s not willing to let this opportunity pass him by. His passiveness is also transferred for his love of biographies, probably the only kind of book in which a person can‘t see themselves a part of.

Alaska Young has a deep sense of guilt for her mother‘s death, which she blames herself for, as she was too young to call the police. This is the root of her personality and the reason why she acts the way she does. She‘s not unstable, but she is reckless, like somebody who knows they‘re living on borrowed time.

“Alaska finished her cigarette and flicked it into the river. ‘Why do you smoke so damn fast?' I asked. She looked at me and smiled widely, and such a wide smile on her narrow face might have looked goofy were it not for the unimpeachably elegant green in her eyes. She smiled with all the delight of a kid on Christmas morning and said, 'Y'all smoke to enjoy it. I smoke to die.” (Chapter Nine).

Smoking is one of many ways in which Alaska is able to vent her guilt by punishing herself. This type of behavior is more pronounced in her personality because she fully realizes what she is doing to herself. This type of act is not unlike someone with an eating disorder. She starves herself of positive things in her life, like a future. Alaska is special in the sense that she remains aloof and cool in a way not many people can. People eventually lose their aloofness sometime. Alaska's unravelling just seems to be part of that enigmatic personality. In fact, everything she does seems to be part of that image. For example, having an older boyfriend who is obviously into her, yet flirting with Miles.

Self-destructive behavior is seen in today's youth time and time again. The most difficult thing is recognizing it. For Alaska, the core reason of her self-destructive behavior was known to her, but some of us may not realize why we act the way we act. Some just want to feel alive, while others, like Alaska, want to punish themselves. Aside from the most prevalent self-destructive behavior: suicide, self-harm, eating disorders and substance abuse, there are more subtle behaviors. Smoking, risky sexual behavior, drinking, drugs, procrastination and getting into trouble are quite common in teens.

In this novel, this type of behavior gets Miles a broken heart. He falls for a girl who doesn‘t love herself enough to make good choices. A normal teenager would usually do something stupid among friends, and by themselves, once in a while. The first is to fit in, for attention or to seem cool. The latter is for some wild desire all humans have to experience excitement. Miles becomes cool by proxy, but he doesn't have the innate devil-may-care attitude his peers have. To him, Alaska is like no one he has ever met, and he can‘t help falling in love with her, even though any chance of a good relationship is at best an unreal hope. It feels like he knows he has to take this opportunity to take in all of Alaska, like a weak plant latching on to a strong tree.

Alaska‘s result is far more pronounced. Although the author is purposefully vague about the cause of the accident, the text suggests suicide. Her behavior is unsustainable. She seems to be competing against herself, whilst putting her friends through the same trials, in a never ending cycle that only gets riskier. Although she is romanticized by the protagonist, she‘s seen like that as well by young readers. They like that she's interesting, somehow untouchable. The only way to keep that image untainted was either to have her kicked off, run away, or killed. Her death makes her so much more memorable. She dies in her peak, untamed and so alive even after her death.

Looking for Alaska clearly shows an array of behaviors, most of which are harmful. For Miles, being so passive is a destructive behavior that shows that he has very little self-confidence, but he also shows another type of reasoning, which is the following of destructive people. On the other end of the spectrum is a girl who has no consideration for her well-being. She wants to die, she wants the reckoning. The novel is a piece of John Green's vision, but real life doesn‘t work that way. Unsustainable behaviors will end, one way or another.