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Infertility is the inability to reproduce and have offspring by natural means.it it not usually the natural state of a health person. You will find several cases of infertility and thanks to modern science medicine has been developed to help victims be able to bear children of their own. Surveys done on the populous since 1997 have shown and suggest that globally about fir percent are victims of infertility. However, many more couples experience involuntary Infertility for at least one year: estimates range from 12% to 28%." 20-30% of infertility cases are due to male infertility, 20-35% are due to female infertility, and 25-40% are due to combined problems in both parts. In 10-20% of cases, no cause is found. Among the many reasons that cause female infertility are ovulatory problems which generally appear by sparse or absent menstrual periods. Male infertility is most commonly due to lack in semen, whereby semen quality is used as gauge of measure of male fertility.
Get original essayIn my research I have found many definitions of the term infertility but among these one highly used and recognized is how the world health organization defines infertility
“Infertility is “a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sex. Primary infertility is infertility in a couple who have never had a child. Secondary infertility is failure to conceive following a previous pregnancy. Infertility may be caused by infection in the man or woman, but often there is no obvious underlying cause.”
It is well known the challenges that infertile women face in our community.in this paper we will be going through the challenges faced by infertile women in japan. Among the many problems that they face include physical, mental and social distress by not being able to have children of their own. Although their psychological status has been often studied and researched in past, many studies and conclusions have indicated that women with fertility problems have more depression and anxiety, compared with the general population or with fertile women or with those who became pregnant through fertility treatment. In addition, their psychological status can differ depending on which stage of treatment cycle they are in.
In these papers we will not only look at the negative effects and interactions these women face but also the positive interactions, it is well known that social support can politely affect the mental health of women experiencing infertility and lastly how they cope and not allow themselves to drown in their own depression.
Many studies about the experience of infertile women at social interactions within their community have revealed that they get negative social interactions, such as insensitive remarks or inappropriate support from people close to them. Furthermore, it has been shown that unsupported interactions with community has negative effects and will lead to psychological distress.
It can be extracted from this that the experience of negative interactions with others is stressful, that is expected to have negative effects on the emotional health of infertile women, sometimes leading to their social isolation. Although several previous studies describe the negative social interactions the infertile women experience as one part of the painful experience of being infertile, there has been very little systematic research on variations of positive and negative social interactions.
Infertile women in Japan as well as in the Western World have high levels of emotional distress, which include anxiety and depression the same psychological stress that woman face all around the world is the same for women in Japan. The expectation of bearing a child is expected by every woman by the society. And if this is not able to be done you can expect some remarks that may not be so nice from insensitive people. Added with personal stress and pressure that you put on yourself it can add up to be emotional discomfort. In Japan, women are frequently greeted with traditional questions such as, 'Are you married? Do you have a child?' Elderly Japanese may project guilt on women without children, because they
believe women should fulfill a role by producing an heir and/or heiress to continue the family name. This can cast shame and/or guilt on the infertility patients, and thus produce undo stress on women labeled as infertile.
It is a good argument to state that social interactions play the major role in the negative effects that women face in our society in fact It might be the root of all most all negative experience that infertile women in Japan face. We will look at some example of negative social interactions that infertile women in our society.
In the studies done this was the category with the largest number of cases, it was not only experienced by close friends and family but also people who are not close like neighbors. Prying questions were not only aimed to ‘Any children?’, ‘No children yet?’ type of question but also specific and in-depth personal informational that one would not fill inclined to share. I.e. specific questions about reasons and preferences, such as ‘Why not?’, ‘Aren't you going to have any?’ and ‘Do you want children or not?’. If the woman replied she wanted but unable to conceive the follow up question would be if she has visited the hospital. Most of these interactions occurred with people who did not know the participant was undergoing fertility treatment.
Following the unnecessary prying questions about children unneeded interference on pushing to have children was also not uncommon. ‘You need to lose weight,’ ‘this is really good to help you in giving birth,’ what your dong is wrong that's why you can't conceive’ and other similar comments, especially from elderly people in the community. Other cases involved unsolicited advice about medical institutions, adoption, diets and folk remedies. When this interference was persistent and continued over a long period, it led some women to have very strong negative feelings.
This experience is very common to give a few cases that have been documented in all these social interactions, the other person intended to be supportive, but the interaction proved unsupportive to the infertile woman. One woman told of an experience whereby her mother-in-law, out of concern for her feelings, kept secret the pregnancy of a relative. However, this ended up making her feel even worse.
“When my husband's younger brother's wife got pregnant, my mother-in-law thought that it would hurt me to know this because I was going through that [treatment], so she kept quiet about it [the sister-in-law's pregnancy]. … No-one told me … I just wish they'd told me earlier. They said it was hard to say anything because I was trying so hard. But, I felt worse about them doing that” (age 43, 5 years, 3 months, ICSI).
Some people are insensitive to others and show no empathy to people around them. You will people talking about their own pregnancies and children. although the topic of children is inevitable when talking with people who had children However, it is best to show consideration when communicating with infertile people.in a research done, one participant narrated her experience of telling a friend that she had miscarried after being pregnant through treatment but got no reaction from her friend. Instead, the friend talked about her own joy at being pregnant. The relationship became estranged after this.
“[When I told her about the miscarriage] She just ignored it. You'd think that she would at least say something sympathetic, but she didn't say anything. After that we began to drift apart” (age 36, 3 years, timing method).
The issue of infertility treatment is not widely known or accepted in some parts of our community. Some patients are adversely affected by being at the receiving end of negative value judgments regarding infertility. Examples included, ‘You should avoid fertility treatment’, ‘you are not normal, IVF is not normal, so, you should not talk to people about, it can give a bad impression’. In one case, a woman had been told by her mother-in-law not to get treatment because it was unnatural and damaging, and she is ending up having to hide the fact that she was getting treatment. As a result, she experienced the extra emotional burden of hiding the fact.
“She checked to make sure I wasn't going to the hospital and [because I couldn't tell the truth] I said ‘No, I wasn't.’ I hate lying, but I don't want to make her worry unnecessarily either” (age 40, 8 years, IVF–ET).
Comments and judgments about being lonely if you don’t have children i.e. ‘You must be lonely without children’ were negatively received by victims of infertility and made them want to react e.g. by shouting at them to leave them alone. Such comments were generally made by the elderly women. A woman who was considering terminating her treatment because of her age said:
“After I tell people I don't have children, they invariably say, ‘Oh really? That must be lonely’. And that gets me thinking … is it better to have [a child]?” (age 43, 16 years, ICSI).
Japanese infertile women are really affected by negative criticism from people especially if it is from close friend and relatives a good example there were some women who suffered from mistaken judgments, such as a woman whose father-in-law, who lived in the same house, unjustly said, ‘There's nothing wrong with the man. It's the woman's problem! So, hurry and go to the hospital!’ Also, a woman who was blamed by her neighbors due to a misunderstanding, ‘This isn't good. The population is shrinking and there are less and less children and it's because of people like you’.
Such remarks can be very damaging to a person and really influence them in a negative way.
Some people seem to be envious of the fact that the infertile woman doesn’t have children and comment on how they are lucky and are free to do their own things. One woman described the feeling of while knowing that the other person did not mean any ill will, she found the words in a conversation with a former work colleague, difficult to take.
“I said I didn't have children yet, and she said, ‘But you're lucky.’ I'm not working, so when she said, ‘You should be happy, you've got an easy life,’ it was quite rough. It's not like I wanted this easy life” (age 29, 1 year 5 months, AIH).
In some cases where by you find infertile women form bonds with peers who are undergoing the same treatment however after one of the women becomes pregnant the bond becomes weak and eventually goes away.
“I guess [the other person] felt bad about getting pregnant first. So, she thought it was better not to contact me. Then, I stopped contacting her. In IVF there seems always to be winners and losers” (age 43, 8 years, IVF–ET).
Other ways that infertility affects the women in Japan are in their relationships with partners.
The sex life may be the first Victim.at fight simple comments like “let us have a baby” can be a turn but after sometimes of trying it become the last thing that you want to hear.
Because sex is also a way to feel closer to your partner, stress in your intimate life can lead to tension in your overall relationship.
When should you decide to seek medical help, this can be a very simple and straight forward answer but what happens when one of you decides to wait while the other wants immediate response.
This can become a source of conflict between the couple.
I suppose that this is the most common result from the effects of been an infertile woman in the Japanese society are in any other kind of community.
“I’m afraid he’ll leave me because I’m infertile. I’m afraid my partner will abandon me for someone who can give him a child.” This is a very common fear and one that many people never reveal to their lover.
If your relationship is otherwise strong, infertility is unlikely to break you apart. What is the best way to deal with this fear? Put it out there. Talk to your partner about your fears.
Interesting fact research has found that those who resort to self-blame and criticism—it’s my fault. I brought this onto myself—tend to have higher levels of infertility stress.
Who has it worse, the one who is subjected to the most procedures? Or the one who is infertile (if only one of the two), and therefore has the emotional burden of feeling at fault? For some couples, these issues lead to resentment, putting blame on each other especially for the women who are given the most blame from the society.
Each one has different ways of copping. Studies have shown that different genders have different ways of coping with infertility. These differences can lead to misunderstandings.
For example, one partner may accuse the other of “not caring enough” if their coping style is more subdued. On the other side, one partner may accuse the other of “overreacting.”
Studies have also found that women are more likely to handle marital stress than men, regardless of the cause of infertility. This doesn't mean the men don't care. Only that their relationship stress levels from infertility are lower.
Arguments over money are not unique to infertile partners, with the expensive fertility treatment tension and discomfort over finances is common.
Most couples will not require IVF treatment. For those that do, it can lead to long-term financial burdens. Almost all couples that go through IVF need to borrow money. This can mean years of debt.
Other possible sources of financial stress include, disagreements over whether to pursue treatment (due to costs) whether and how to borrow money whether to ask friends and close relatives for financial help whether to skip treatments and go straight to adoption (which is also expensive)
They are different methods developed that help infertility women cope with infertility. But since most of this problem stem from the society we will look at different ways of how infertility women interact with society and how by the community being aware has helped.
Infertile women although undergoing treatment suffer in many ways they can’t seem to overcome their infertility, they lack support and cooperation from partners during treatments, they experience changes in relationship with friends and relatives. Infertile women found that having someone with a sympathetic ear to listen to their concerns as reassuring.
“I don't talk to my friends about details such as the treatment, so who I talk to are my parents. My parents listen to all I have to say. I am very grateful that they listen to me and for the fact that I have someone to talk to” (age 33, 5 years, IVF–ET).
Having people not just listening but also showing sympathy and empathy was also a grate help and considered a great support. Many of this case involve people who have gone through the same thing.
Giving affirmation and encouragement is perhaps the most support in helping infertile women cope with infertility. Forming support group is one of the many effective methods to help infertile women in japan but all the world.
Most infertile women in japan regard others not to prying to mush into the topic of children and infertility as highly beneficial. “I often hear that many people get asked ‘No baby yet?’ all the time by their mothers-in-law or other people, but at least I'm lucky and don't get that” (age 29, 1 year 5 months, AIH).
Talking to each other, sharing fears and worries that really tear at you. Human beings are social creatures by expressing yourself you will be able to settle down and be assured that everything will be okay.
Though it might be terrifying to bring up, you will likely be relieved by the assurance of your partner that infertility is not really a problem for him.
Being able to balance and not allow infertility to be the only thing you talk about in your conversations. Especially during fertility testing and treatment, infertility can shadow everything in your life. You may not remember what you talked about before your fertility challenges hit.
It may be hobby or activity. Sit down and make a list of things to do together.
Don’t try to cope with infertility alone. Shame really keeps many individuals and couples from reach out for support. Especially in Japan where by the society is so indirect. You don’t have to tell “the world” so to speak you can decide to share the information with specific close friends and relatives.
Conceiving children may not be possible, but you won’t be struggling to conceive forever. research has shown that stress and anxiety really peak after three years of infertility. However, six years post-diagnosis, couples are feeling stronger, and depression and anxiety symptoms lessen.
It is possible for your relationship to survive this tough and challenging but temporary ordeal. In the, you’ll either have a child or give up trying to conceive. But there is life after infertility.
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Get custom essayResearch has found that putting a practical plan down maybe in paper helps improve marital satisfaction. In some sense, infertility is not plan-friendly. You may not really know how long your struggle will be or what testing or treatments will be needed. Putting together financial plans since medical treatment can be quite expensive, especially a savings plan is a smart choice. The sooner you start putting money aside, the better. If you don’t need it for fertility treatment bills or adoption costs, you can use it for something else. No harm done.
Does inflammation play a role in fibromyalgia patients? What are the remedies?
Get original essayThis is a question that runs in the mind of people for several years. There have been continuous researches carried out to understand whether fibromyalgia can cause inflammation or not. From various studies it was identified that the people who are affected with fibromyalgia show lack of inflammation.
There are some strange chronic conditions that are difficult to understand. One such condition is fibromyalgia. As the symptoms vary from one person to another person, it may take several years to understand how it is affecting an individual. Some people will look very normal from outside without any sign of fibromyalgia symptoms inside them. The external symptoms or evident symptoms is always missing in fibromyalgia individuals making the diagnosis procedures difficult. There have been cases where people often think they have fibromyalgia when they actually have a normal body pain. Due to lack of proper procedures to identify fibromyalgia, it has become difficult to do right diagnosis and start medication.
Inflammation is a symptoms that is evidently seen for some of the health problems like arthritis or any muscle or nerve damage. These are some of the physical signs to confirm about a problem in a particular region. In the case of fibromyalgia, the pain is usually a widespread pain experienced in a wider area. In the case of widespread pain, it becomes difficult to identify the actual reason behind it and provide medication. That is the reason why researches are confused to find out the actual reason for pain in fibro body. Inflammation is not a regular symptom that is seen. Only people who have fibro body and if they are accompanied by other conditions like muscle cramps or spasms, have inflammation and it can be seen evidently.
It has always been easy for the doctors and other medical practitioners to track down a disease with the symptoms that can be easily seen with eyes. One such symptom is the inflammation. Unlike people who have lupus or arthritis show inflammation in the joint region. Also in other places where they experience regional pain, inflammation will be present. Swollen joints usually exhibit inflammation which becomes one of the easiest ways to identify there is a problem. Usually people with fibromyalgia also have other problems like arthritis or lupus as a combination with fibromyalgia. This is the reason why it is often mistaken that fibro body will also have inflammation. There are certain steps that can be taken to reduce inflammation. Understanding the root cause of inflammation is very important before going for remedy.
Before going for remedies it is important to understand what has caused the inflammation in the first instance. We will be able to track down remedies only after understanding the actual reason for inflammation. When people have just fibromyalgia inflammation will not happen. If inflammation occurs as an effect of another problem in the body, there are many remedies available to reduce inflammation. Some of these are also home based natural remedies that can be used after consultation and confirmation from your doctors. Even the doctors are now moving towards providing natural medication considering the side effects that other medications can create.
Usually people who have problems in the joint region or inflammation in the joint region will also have sensitivity towards touch. It becomes difficult to do day to day activities with such inflammation in place. People can seek help from a medical practitioner or massage professional to get a gentle massage in the affected region. It might not be the case that cure for inflammation will happen in just single day but the swelling will reduce and the affected individual will get good relaxation from pain. Before going for massage it is good to visit your doctor first and understand whether massage is a good option for you or not. For some types of inflammation, massage can further complicate the pain and will take lots of time to heal.
There are some natural oils available with healing properties. As the whole world is moving towards natural medication to avoid side effects from certain drugs and therapies, it is good to use such natural method to find a solution for the problem. These natural oils can be applied in the affected region to get a good relied. These oils are prepared from some of the plant extracts that has healing properties. This will not only reduce the swelling but it can also help in strengthening the bone joints. Lavender oils are usually used in such therapies against swelling and inflammation. It is also believed that these natural oil provides a good relief from pain in fibro body. We may not be able to get an immediate relief but using it regularly can give very good results.
People who have fibromyalgia can take hot water bath to get a good relief from pain. It is considered that hot water has some healing properties in providing a good relaxation from the pain in the body. It will also provide a fresh feeling keeping the individual energetic throughout the day. Hot water treatment is carried out as part of natural medication for swelling and inflammation.
Fibromyalgia individuals usually go for natural remedies. There are different health supplements available suitable for providing good relief from the health problems. These health supplements are available as consumables that can provide a good relief from symptoms of pain, swelling and inflammation. They are not only for general health but they are also capable for addressing some of the specific health problems like regional pain, swelling and inflammation. You can consult your doctor to know more about such supplements before starting to use it.
For some of the rare cases where inflammation is seen in fibromyalgia, doctors suggest warm water exercises. These exercises are specific to some of the problems related to fibro body and helps in providing good relief. Doctors also prescribe anti-inflammatory diet to the patients who undergo warm water exercise in order to get better results.
Bullying has become very popular in our society, bullying comes in different types, physical, and the cyber-attack from the internet, bullying can be defined/ referred to as negative and insulting words of confrontation that come directly from another person, however, to be more specific, cyberbullying is the attack that originates primarily by the use of the internet, cyberbullying can be divided into categories, social media trolls, web article trolling. People including myself have experienced the trauma of cyberbullying, I know what it’s like to experience cyberbullying, I have read harsh comments in Facebook, and Instagram, where trolls comment with harsh words including death threats. This makes me wonder why rich people are more of a target to experience cyberbullying than the poor, a record number of research has indicated that rich people who post photos of their luxurious lifestyle are more prone to be victims of cyberbullying. The study indicated that rich people may be insulted on social media because they have a better life and may possibly draw more attention to trolls.
Get original essayThe technology today has advanced and therefore more cyberbullying has been reported. The report has shown that 93% of teens are active users of the internet compared to just 45% in 2004. The difference between school bullying and cyberbullying is anonymity, it is much easier to control trolls on the internet than in physical, you can block or change your profile on the internet, while you have to endure it in school numerous studies have shown that boys are more likely to be victims of school bullying, while girls are more likely to be victims of cyberbullying with over 18.3% as compared to 13% for boys. Age and school grade levels are determinants of victims that undergo bullying, some research and studies have shown that school bullying may occur as a result of low academic performance, and discrimination of race.
The effects of cyberbullying could lead to psychological harm, depression, suicide, and emotional distress. Researchers believe that people who are not happy with their lives are most likely to be involved in bullying others, either physically or online.
The student survey was conducted in three different categories, such as psychological distress survey such as [school performance], sociodemographic survey, such as [gender, age, race], and individual level school survey, these categories of the survey will help researchers to identify where the problem lies the most.
I have conducted some research questions, in which the answers will assist me in finding the reasons to Bullying in general, I have found the answers to my research some based on written articles.
1. How many people lose their lives each year due to physical bullying?
According to CDC, statistics have shown that over 14% of high school students have attempted suicide, and 7% of those high school students have actually attempted, which amounts to 4,400 deaths caused by school physical bullying each year. In general, regardless of either school, or cyberbullying, it has affected people, and unfortunately, there are victims who have lost their lives to bullying, in my research I have found out that victims go through certain stages before it kills them, they first fall into depression, then it affects their mental health, from there it develops some kind of sickness to the brain/ physical health eventually leading to their deaths,
2. Cyberbullying or high school bullying which is worse?
based on my personal observations, cyberbullying is more worse as compared to physical bullying, cyberbullying can be torturous, and cyberbullying is by far the worst because the internet connects us to millions of people around the world, whereas in school, you have to be physically there or by encountering someone face to face to be physically bullied, trolls on social media, have poured out harsh comments to people they don’t even know, comments are easy to make, nowadays people specifically teenagers, have access to smartphones and the internet, which makes it easy for them to attack other people, they can do that by sharing false information about something or someone on the internet, victims has shared their experiences and they believe that they cannot hide from cyberbullying, unless if they deactivate their social media account or permanently stay off social media, which seems impossible due to addiction. cyberbullying may have more impact than physical bullying in many ways, cyber-attacks can come in form of threats, insults, and derogatory comments, and as technology advances, more people are becoming more vulnerable to cyberbullying
3. What are the major causes of bullying in general?
Based on article research, one of the main reasons of bullying is poor upbringing, it is the parent's responsibility to teach their children good manners and behaviors, and parents should always make efforts to identify the kinds of friends their children make in school, friends can be influential, another reason of why bullying is common maybe because of the violent games and movies that kids watch at home, which will make them want to try the same act in real life, another reason is being different from other people in your school, or your community, this has a lot to do with race, gender discrimination, or even religion, some people may attack you only because you come from a different ethnicity.
One of the methods used in this research is the conduction of a survey, researchers have used an online survey to conduct this research. The survey generally helps to collect necessary data and information from the people in which the specified topic was referring to, it helps researchers to know and understand the nature and character of the people that have been victimized by bullying. The results of this survey indicated as follows, for the sociodemographic survey: results indicated that 75.2% of the youths were non-Hispanic white and about 6% of the victims reported that they were either bisexual or mixed genders who faced cyberbullying. In 2008, using regional census data of high school students, students of metro west Massachusetts had written surveys with regards to bullying and psychological distress. Students' surveys reported more school bullying than cyberbullying. Around 59.7% of those students were victims of school bullying, while 36.3% of those students were victims of cyberbullying most of which attempted suicide, Individual school level report: the survey indicated that over 70% of students with lower performance tend to be victims of school bullying while higher-performing students are less likely to be bullied. Psychological distress survey report: this preliminary report indicated that more than 47% of victims have fallen into a state of depression while 30% of the victims may have at one point attempted suicide due to bullying.
This is an important tool for data collection methods and I have used it to gather the information I need during this research. I have personally conducted an interview in a high school, {Nigerian Turkish international college] and I have been successful in compiling enough data to signify the reasons to why bullying is becoming more frequent. The interview conducted proved that too much bullying causes depression and even suicidal thoughts in the minds of the victims, now the main goal is to prevent it. Most schools are now putting in efforts to address cyber and physical bullying in their rule books, but the problem is that most of the bullying activities take place outside school., that way the students will learn and accept one another and be united instead of being enemies.
I have personally observed the rate of cyberbullying attacks by trolls on the internet, the rate is very high and disturbing, I have observed that people make more negative comments than positive about a certain post, under a specific web article, or photos from social media accounts, trolls in social media will try to downgrade any kind of post, even if it is not necessary, some find it is entertaining.
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Get custom essayIn conclusion, the findings necessitate the need to address and prevent both cyber and school bullying, as it affects mental and physical health, The school management should make an effort to increase student engagement, and schools should also provide protection, especially to mixed genders, and bisexual students, in regards to cyber bullying, community guidelines most be imposed, such as blocking accounts of trolls that way it reduces the number of people engaged in such activity, cyberbullying is as bad as physical bullying or even worse. This school-based study has included and suggested schools to engage in the cultural diversity of students most states have protocols set in place with regards to cyberbullying, schools are now making it mandatory to teach students about the general effects of bullying.
The modern word is full of situations and circumstances that can create an anxious response in a person. Such influences are not necessarily recent - fear of a threat of physical harm, either to oneself or to one's family or loved ones, for example, will have been impacting on people since the dawn of humanity. Others, such as financial worries, fear of crime, unemployment and so on are certainly more recent concerns. It's unlikely that a cave dweller would have been unduly worried about an increase in the bank base lending rate, for example. Many of the causes of anxiety are a combination of external (environmental) factors and internal (mental, or perceived causes.) It's important to understand that different individuals respond differently, and it's quite possible for a person to feel under threat and in danger of losing control of a situation which another person may not even recognise as a problem. The sense of threat and/or being out of control are both significant factors in creating anxiety.
Get original essaySo being in a stressful situation which you don't fully understand, and therefore feeling uncertain how to evaluate or handle it, can be very worrying. Strange environments can often be a cause of anxiety for this reason, as can having demands placed upon you which you feel ill-equipped or un-equipped to handle. Responses to anxiety-causing stimuli can take many forms, varying from individual to individual and according to the nature of the stimulus. The resultant feelings of anxiety can be either acute or chronic, short- or longer-term, and an individual's response will vary accordingly. Even quite mild anxiety can bring physical symptoms with it, ranging from a sense of "shakiness", shortness of breath, sweating, hyperactivity, nervous tics, nausea and so on.
The "perceptual narrowing" I've mentioned before can also come into play,, making it difficult for the individual to concentrate on anything else other than their current concerns and inhibiting their ability to step back and see the wider picture. In the longer term tiredness and even exhaustion can occur, together with nutritional problems resulting from an impoverished diet. Mental effects can also occur - worry, a sense of powerlessness or incompetence, an impaired self-image, irritability and a feeling of being on edge will impact both the individual and those around them.
There are many manifestations of anxiety in people and often several of these effects can be present at the same time. Anxiety can cause the individual to experience a number of difficulties which affect their ability to lead day-to-day life, such as lack of concentration, impairment of judgement, poor attention and similar. Anxiety can also disrupt normal behaviour patterns, such as sleep patterns, becoming irritable, and developing a reliance on drugs, both legal and illegal. Some aspects of the effects of anxiety can impact on an individual's relationships, their family and friends. The anxious person will frequently become restless, irritable, exhibit low self-esteem or self-confidence, become increasingly negative and so on - with a resulting change in the way they are perceived by their loved ones as well as by themselves.
Physical effects of anxiety are arguably more familiar to the general public and are certainly referred to in literature. Changes in complexion - flushing or going pale, for example, are often mentioned, as well as a dry mouth, palpitations and more.
Other effects are less widely recognised as resulting from anxiety, such as fatigue, hyperventilation, digestive problems (IBS, nausea, diarrhoea) and the like. The physical effects of anxiety can sometimes be serious or even life-threatening, such as heart problems, from palpitations to cardiac arrest, or stroke. In general (but by no means exclusively) such reactions tend to develop in the longer term.
Anxiety can be quite pernicious in its effect on the family and friends of the individual experiencing the condition. An anxious person will tend to be less effective in communicating with others and may be perceived as withdrawing from a circle of friends or a family group. There can be a sense of loss in those affected by this, as the person experiencing the condition can appear to have changed quite significantly in their behaviour ("He/she isn't the person they were.")
A further aspect which can lead to alienation is that the anxious person may react negatively to offers of help and support, even if they themselves have initially indicated that they feel in need of that support. An anxious person will tend to focus on the perceived source of their anxiety to the exclusion of other considerations, and often feel that their confidantes and friends don't truly understand the problem that confronts them. In turn, this will make the person who is trying to help feel rejected, causing a negative impact on the relationship between the two.
With the White Australia policy firmly in the past, new Asian food choices have emerged on the restaurant scene. Immigrants from East and Southeast Asia have formed a major demographic in Australia for more than one hundred years. Many non-Asians families have an easy familiarity with Asian cooking as Australians under 35 have grown up with curries and stir-fry. Even school canteens sell sushi and Vietnamese rice-paper wraps.
Get original essayThis study wills the effect that Asian immigration is having on the food culture in Australia. Therefore the study’s main focus area is Asian immigration has changed the face of the local food and hospitality industries in South Australia.
There are several advantages of Asian food for local hospitality. First, the popularity of Asian flavors in Australia is promoting the use of a much wider variety of ingredients in cooking so the introduction of Asian vegetables and sauces is encouraging local catering to become diverse. As a country with a larger proportion of immigrants, the Australian food industry must satisfy the needs of different cultures. Although Australians don’t necessarily interface at any deep level with Asian cultures they can appreciate the way a diverse society provides a ready supply of cheap tasty foods like fried rice, pho and falafel. Surely the broadening of the Australian palate is having positive effects in broadening the local national psyche to becoming more tolerant of immigrants.
Second, Asian food is also increasing the economy of the local catering industry. Due to bio-security issues, it is very difficult to import cheap fresh ingredients so a plethora of herbs and vegetables, such as coriander, curry leaves, watercress, Buk Choy and Chinese Broccoli can now be locally sourced by chefs. Hence market gardeners are benefitting by growing an increasing variety of Asian greens to meet the needs of the hospitality industry. In the really popular Chinese restaurant Shikumen located in China town, the restaurant owner Mr. Wong uses local ingredients which means the money he earns will stay in the local economy and not be flowing overseas.
Lastly, the combination of Asian food and local food is creating a fusion cooking style. Fusion cooking is playing a large part in the innovations evident in many modern restaurants cuisines. A great example is Tetsuya’s, a restaurant located in Sydney, which is owned and operated by world renowned chef Tetsuya Wakuda. Tetsuya’s cuisine is based on Australian, Japanese and French cuisine. Figure 2 is the signature dish of Tetsuya’s.
According to a research of current status of Asian food stir-fry is well on its way to joining spaghetti bolognaise as a fixture in households across the country because of its ease of preparation. Survey feedback found that Asian style food is becoming a trend in home cooking for Australians. In the survey of 25 people ranging from 15 to 66 years old or even elder, 92% have tried to make Asian food at home and Chinese food is the most popular cuisine as 84% have try to cook Chinese style food at home. The key factor for the adoption of Chinese cuisine at home by Australians is the ease with which some Chinese food can be simplified for mass consumption.
By contrast, Thai, Vietnamese, Indian are all wildly popular as options for eating out and the survey indicated that in recent years Asian restaurant are different than they used to be. Instead of waiting for half or even one hour for traditional Asian food to be prepared, more little Asian places are appearing in food plazas and are producing quick and fast food just like noodles and sushi. A quick research of trip advisor obtained current data on how many Asian restaurants there are in Adelaide which is shown below. Chinese 100 Thai 85 Japanese 168An article called A culinary revolution: reflections on Adelaide restaurants in Adelaide’s independent news stated that by the end of the 1960’s there were only a small handful of Chinese restaurants (The Dragon Inn, Emperor’s Court and Pagoda among them) and now there are 100 Chinese restaurants in Adelaide. It also stated that in 1977 there were under 200 licensed restaurants in Adelaide and in 2006 there were around 1300.
These two examples indicated the increasing influence that Asian cuisine is having on the Australian plate. Originally a Chinese dish, the dim sim has become quintessentially Australian in the span of 70 years. Sushi has become a common and accepted food item sold in suburban food courts everywhere whereas 50 years ago people were shocked at the thought of eating raw fish and seaweed.
In conclusion, Asian food has become increasingly popular and a staple part of Australian food culture. It has led to a more adventurous Australian palate and Asian style ingredients and cooking methods are now regularly finding their way onto the dinner plates of many Australian families. Many chefs, such as those on popular cooking shows are experimenting with the fusion of Australian ingredients and Asian flavors and cooking methods to create dishes that increasingly reflect Australians multicultural heritage.
Asian immigration has influenced local food culture with Asian food culture. The Australian palate has changed a lot and is getting used to Asian food. Asian food brings new and different ideas to chefs and they try to create new combinations from local food and cooking techniques so Asian food combined with Australian food is creating a fusion of cultures According to the research of focus question 1, analyses of graphs show the current status of immigration in Australia and the cultures impacting on Australian cuisine. It was found that Asian food culture, particularly Chinese, Thai, Indian, and Japanese have had a big impact on Australian diet choices with the result that Asian food has caused Australia to become a country with much greater diversification in its catering industry.
Over all, Asian immigration brings a huge change to local industries by Asian food culture. The economic has increased and more dishes were creating by the combinations of Asian food and Australian food.
Confucianism is the core value of Chinese society and profoundly influenced many other Asian countries like Japan and Korea. However, it also has a reputation for its repressive and degrading attitude toward women and for its history of the women-oppressive practice. The Confucianism we are discussing here is mainly the school of thought by Confucius, Mencius, and Xun Zi and includes its later development in another dynasty. Feminism is the advocacy of women’s rights on the ground of gender equality, which is getting more awareness along with the #MeToo movement. These two sets of concepts seem to contradict other. Therefore, this paper aims to study how Confucianism affected the status and power of women and women’s status in ancient China.
Get original essayLiji is one from the Four books. It has put together a comprehensive account of all the rules of propriety (li) that were codified during the Warring States and the early Han dynasty. Its contents range from government regulations to detailed instructions on how to manage a household or even how to behave. Most of these rules were formulated by the early disciples of Confucius and thus are expressed and illustrated in the form of anecdotes about Confucius and his disciples. Liji contains much legislation on the roles and virtues of women. It is believed that this text contains the earliest formulation of the Confucian code for women, what later become the three obediences and four virtues.
A woman should be obedient to her father before marriage, the husband after marriage, and the son in the case of widows. Whereas, the four virtues instruct women in proper etiquette that displays the excellence of women’s virtue, women’s speech, women’s appearance, and women’s work. These four virtues became the important core of the teachings for women throughout Chinese history. Its idea that “ men are superior and women are inferior” and that “ the absence of talent in a woman is a virtue” had held women back and affected the morale of patriarchal society for a long time.
According to Li Yun, faithfulness is especially the virtue of a wife. Once married to her husband, her feeling of duty to him for all her life should not be changed, even when the husband dies, she will not marry again. Other than that, the husband and wife built the mansion and its apartments, distinguishing between the exterior and interior parts. The men occupied the exterior; the women the interior. In the patriarchal society in ancient China, women’s had power only at home and their power is not nearly comparable to men’s power in the society.
There is a controversial passage in the Analects: “ Only nüzi and petty people are hard to rear. If you are close to them, they behave inappropriately; If you keep a distance from them, they become resentful. Although some argue that the explanation about nüzi could have be maids, and young children but not women in general, it is also a fact that the term nüzi has been used to refer to women. In this case, even though Confucius’s intention in that passage is unclear. However, this passage has been used in to degrade women in later days. The influence of this patriarchal moral has still affected women in modern society. Women are defaulted to be responsible in taking care of the children and house chores, while men will be the breadwinner of the family.
The suppression on women had improved when the intellectuals were affected by Western Liberalism. Influenced directly or indirectly by Western feminists, the Chinese reformers decried the deleterious effects of Confucianism on women. They supposed that Confucianism sacrificed individuals for the sake of families and fell particularly hard on women. According to the founder of the influential vernacular Chinese periodical New Youth, Chen Duxiu, women would not be able to take their proper place in society as long as they were bound by Confucian teachings such as “ To be a woman is to submit”, “ Never disobey or be lazy in carrying out the orders of parents or parents-in-law.”
Notably, Confucius and Mencius were not as degrading to women as later ones such as Song Ming neo-Confucians. The women-oppressiveness of Confucianism may be largely an add-on by later Confucians to the core doctrines outlined by Confucius and Mencius. Degrading attitudes toward women became extreme during the period of Song-Ming neo-Confucianism.
During the Song dynasty, commoner widows are allowed to remarry after completing three years of mourning for their husbands. According to neo-Confucian Chen Yi, it is a small matter to starve to death, but a large matter to lose integrity, implying that widows getting remarried are immoral, while it is all right for widowers to remarry. However, starting from the Yuan dynasty forward, the widows of officials were prohibited from ever remarrying.
During the Ming precedents, imperial chastity was greatly expanded over. For women who have extramarital affairs, the betrayed husband will be authorized to sell to other families but not to her lover. Authorized wife-selling seems to have been based on the logic that an unchaste wife might be treated legitimately as a commodity, like a slave or a prostitute. For the case of adultery, the code specifies that a woman who is convicted of adultery should be “ sold in marriage”, meaning that she will be given a second chance in starting a new family. However, the magistrates will accept if those women are sold as slaves. A similar logic informed a Yuan law that permitted a “ wife of commoner household who has been discarded by her husband because she committed illicit sexual intercourse” to become a prostitute which results in relinquishment of her commoner status and the mandatory chastity that went with it. Leaving aside moral ethics, women ’s sexual autonomy and even personal liberty are completely deprived in Ming and Yuan dynasties. Being traded like a commodity once convicted of adultery is proof that women’s status is inferior to men and their rights are violated as the males could have several concubines and be free to commit extramarital sex. The ancient society had imposed high expectations and standards on women and had double standards towards similar affairs of men and women.
Qing dynasty had modified rape law in order to suppress women more effectively; that it allowed the high arts of the courtesans to fall into decay; and that it largely succeeded in supplanting “ a world of robust popular practicality and sensuality” with a state religion of female chastity. Commoner and elite women were expected to remain absolutely chaste, and sexual intercourse between a commoner woman and a man, not her husband was always considered a serious offense. People of mean status were not entitled to conform to this standard. However, female slaves and bondservants married or not were sexually available to their masters which is a fact explicitly recognized by law. During the Qianlong reign, the sexual use of servile women by their masters was curtailed as the law implied that if masters wanted to sleep with their female slaves, they should promote them to legitimate concubine status. It is clear that the rights and freedom of women had improved through times but still the power women had, even on her personal freedom and sexual rights was still incomparable to men.
Foot-binding is performed on girls about six to eight years old. The notorious practice of women’s foot-binding was also institutionalized during Song and lasted till the early twentieth century. Foot-binding was a feminine mystique designed to please men. The practice spread from the imperial palace to court circles, to the larger upper classes, and then to the middle and lower classes. Eventually, the women from higher social status have smaller feet. It prevailed in the whole empire among the Chinese, the disgraceful exceptions only among the lowest classes, wherever woman's work was needed in the field or workshop. It is seen as a sign of “gentility”. Thus, even poor families were willing to struggle to raise a daughter with small feet out of the intention to have a proper marriage. It controls sexual access to females and ensures female chastity and fidelity due to the physical barrier. It also made it harder for the barbarian raiders to steal the palace women because they would have had to carry rather than drive.
Pain experienced in binding and oozing sores, bandages stiff with dried pus and blood, and sloughed-off gobs of flesh had caused severe traumas which last for months and even years. In the struggle with her mother over the painful, bloody, and terrifying labor of making the brute nature of her feet materialize into an object of beauty, mystery, and discipline, the daughter formed a new self-consciousness based outwardly on a sense of dependency and attachment to a male-dominated world and inwardly on an ability to exercise some control over her own destiny and that of the persons to whom she was attached. Anti-foot binding is one of the earliest movements of Chinese feminism and free women which were once confined to their homes.
Marriage was not a personal matter but the fulfillment of one’s duty in preserving the family line. Polygamy is a prominent component of imperial China’s marriage. Standard marriage was between one man and woman of roughly the same social status who ideally last for a lifetime; polygamy was built on top of that by adding concubines. Women have no choice but to submit to the order of polygamy. However, it was mainly available to elite and wealthy men, who were a small proportion of the Chinese population. The legal wife became a member of her husband's clan and worshipped his ancestors. The secondary wife was of distinctly lower status than the legal wife. No marriage ceremony was necessary, the marriage being consummated in her residence in her husband's household.
Despite Confucian rhetoric that emphasized the patrilineal male line and succession to ancestral sacrifices, from the earliest times on parents regularly transmitted a portion of their property to their daughters. Women enjoyed strong customary rights to dowry, which for the elite usually included land, and could sometimes inherit considerable wealth over and above dowry. Inheritance rights of women were strengthened and codified into law in the Song, even as the state limited the transmission of property in general.
Within marriage, women maintained separate ownership of their personal assets, including land and other property purchased after their marriage. Song law especially protected women in joint family households; but even after family division, when husband and wife set up an independent family unit, the wife's property was clearly demarcated from that of her husband.
This gave Song women considerable economic independence and the freedom to remarry with their personal property at any time in their life in case of widowhood or divorce. Neo-Confucians opposed both inheritances by women and the possession of personal property within marriage. They praised wives for donating their personal wealth to their husband's family, and Neo-Confucian judges in the late Song tried consciously to change laws and customs so that women would no longer take property out of their marriages. In the Yuan dynasty, these efforts succeeded and the law was changed, forcing widows to leave their property behind if they remarried. While Neo-Confucians opposed women's rights to private property, they nevertheless granted wives a major role in managing the financial resources of the household. Changes in women's property rights at the end of the Song were part of their social vision, which called for widow chastity and a strong female head of household.
In the context of the patriarchal system running through the entire patriarchal society, the inequality of the social position between men and women was doomed. Through various feudal obligations, men form an inseparable dependency relationship with the entire state institution. Family obligations are only part of various social activities, and a patriarchal society deprives women of all rights associated with society, confining them to the only manifestation at home. In contrast to the stable and strong relationship between women and their parents and children, husbands will not become persistent and dedicated because of their marriage. Therefore, women will have to face the situation of being left at any time, which directly affects their happiness in life. In this social context, the characteristics of catering to men, convergence, and regularity in women's clothing are actually out of helplessness, and the related ideas and concepts developed in different periods in ancient times also restricted women's pursuit of personality and self-expression right. Under those layers of clothing, was actually the ideal image and personality of a Chinese female. They should be petite and slender, with sloping shoulders and a restrained chest, making herself pleasantly unobtrusive, one of the most desirable qualities in a woman. The weakening of the basic features of women's clothing has shown the main idea of 'destroying people's desire' in neo-Confucianism.
The idea of dressing and clothing changed drastically in the Republic era when women were influenced by Western cultures and started to move away from the traditional gender roles ascribed to them in the past. Qipao, which also known as Cheongsam, emerged from men’s garment changpao, have become a cultural symbol for Chinese women both domestically and abroad at that period. Antonia Finnane attributes the rise in the popularity of qipao as the symbol of modern Nationalist Chinese women to the influence of Soong Ching Ling, the wife of Sun Yat-sen. Qipao was said to be a modification of the changpao—the dress of elite and educated men in China. According to Soong, women adopted the changpao style in much the same way as women in the west adopted pants as a way to express their modernity and independence. It became a representation of liberation due to the many ways in which women used the garment to express their political and social ideologies.
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Get custom essayIn conclusion, it has no doubt that Confucianism has oppressed women and they do not agree as to what extent women as a whole. Therefore, Confucianism has to accommodate to all the changes that have occurred in the family system as well as ideas about the equality of males and females introduced by feminism. This could help to remain its influential and prominent status in the Chinese and other Asia societies. However, I agree that Confucianism does not have to take all responsibility to the oppression imposed on women. Moreover, women’s rights in politics, society, as well as economics have improved significantly and feminist movements have made monumental strides.
Where there are people, there will be the use of language – languages which may be different. With the interaction of these people, their languages will also come into contact, and this can produce a variety of results. The outcome of such situations, however, is dependent on many factors which speakers may or may not have control over. In many instances, languages influence each other, which can result in words being borrowed. Persons may work to learn each other’s languages as well, which will result in bilingualism or multilingualism. In the Caribbean however, the unwanted invasion of Europe, lead to language death in many regions as a result of genocide, and the intense collision of European languages with African languages caused language shift and the formation of whole new languages which are the basis of Creole spoken in the Caribbean today.
Get original essayBarbados was one of the first British colonies when they settled there in 1627, after finding it deserted by the Arawaks who were the island’s previous inhabitants. As the island was deserted, the British faced no opposition upon entry and after seeing how rich the land was during their expedition, they established a settlement there, with the Crown’s approval of course, as finances would be needed. They began planting tobacco and cotton, and the profitability of their tobacco production and export on the island further contributed to Britain’s already formidable economy. Naturally, they sought expansion. In the initial stages, whites from Britain were brought to Barbados as indentured servants. These servants were from the lowest class of the English labor force, who were willing to take advantage of greater opportunities in the New World and were recruited for a mere few shillings per person. This continuous flow of English servants was well established into the 1630s, especially as they began to cultivate sugarcane as well, with ships of as many as 800 whites leaving London and Southampton to work in Barbados. It is also recorded that a London merchant gathered 56 Irish servants and shipped them to Barbados in 1637.
After 1648, Cromwell began “to Barbados” his prisoners of war, which included prisoners who were captured in the battles of Preston and Colchester, as well as during the Irish rebellion. Barbados essentially became Cromwell’s landfill where he disposed of those who were not seen as fit for trial, which were supporters of his enemies, prisoners, and even soldiers, and recycled them as easy labor in order to meet the needs of the increasing demand for products on the island. This practice became the norm. Scotland began to ship rebels to Barbados as well.
Over time, the shipment of indentured laborers from England to Barbados decreased as more opportunities became available in other colonies such as Jamaica which had better incentives such as shorter contracts, in addition to acres of land. The establishment of anti-emigration policies also negatively affected the labor supply, as merchants were tried for kidnapping and beguiling persons to be servants on the island. The Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1661 became a deterrent to the Scottish servant trade because it became illegal for ships to transport servants from Scotland without going to an English port for cargo registration. Scottish merchants were not pleased with this change, which caused them to remove themselves from the equation, and ultimately meant less plantation laborers for Barbados. All these changes caused the price of white labor to increase, as now the merchants were even mandated to have their ships searched by police officers and have medical checks done on their servants. Needless to say, white labor became unappealing. It is said that it is at this time, that Britain took the advice of their Dutch and Sephardic counterparts, who the Portuguese had cut ties with during the Brazilian civil war, and partnered with them to get slaves from West Africa, as prime male slaves were being sold inexpensively. Thousands of African slaves were then shipped to Barbados and forced to work on the plantations along with the white indentured laborers who were still on the island at that time.
1627 to 1650 marks the foundational phase of language contact between Africans and Europeans in Barbados. As stated before, Barbados was predominantly inhabited by whites of British, Scottish, and Irish origin during this period, with a small number of African slaves. These African slaves lived near the European laborers in small farm dwellings. Living alongside them it was not uncommon for there to be contact and this would have made language acquisition very likely, especially boasting the largest white population of all Caribbean colonies. However, we must recall the nature of this contract situation. Firstly, The Europeans in Barbados were from varying nations and, based on their social class and their backgrounds, it is expected that they spoke nonstandard English. Also, most importantly, the Africans were forcefully shipped to Barbados and torn from their families and motherland. As such it is natural that they would detest the Europeans which would lead to resistance of their language as well. Instead of adopting the language of their oppressors, the Africans created their own language. This language not only served as a means of effective communication between African slaves but also signified triumph. They had no say in their migration and enslavement but one thing they could control was the language they spoke. Establishing their own language enabled them to keep some distance from the European language and the culture, and oppression with which it was associated.
The phases of exonormative stabilization and nativization took place between 1650 to 1961. Many things occurred during this period. Firstly, the Africans now outnumbered Europeans, as sugar cultivation required more labor, and indentured laborers were not willing to take on this task. As a result, the British began to use Africans as their primary labor force while many indentured laborers moved on to higher-ranking positions. These newly imported Africans acquired Creole as their second language. Also, by this time there were many children born who acquired Creole as their native language. It is even said that the European laborers took on the lisping language of the negroes, as the language of local whites was highly influenced by Creole.
It is said that the large number of whites inhabiting Barbados is the reason that Bajan is such a light variety of creole in comparison to the rest of the Caribbean. Due to its Irish, Scottish, and English influence, Bajan Creole sounds like a strange mix of a Caribbean accent with a European essence. It is very similar to English but does have some of the classic Creole lexicon and characteristics. Barbados’ flat terrain is also noted as a factor in its Creole being close to English as it's landscape does not facilitate remote communities. Bajan has come a far way since emancipation and independence in 1966. Blacks, who make up most of the population, now have political power, and the country is united by a sense of belonging, overcoming, and patriotism. Bajan symbolizes not only unity, but identity and it is used by all Bajans, both black and white, and is accepted, and even encouraged in certain professions such as media and literature, especially poetry, which has rich Creole pieces. Being a diglossic society, English is of course still the official language of Barbados, used in formal situations, while Creole is reserved for informal situations such as a conversation between friends and family, and is still regarded by many as an inferior derivative of English, used by the uneducated or undisciplined, but in recent times acceptance of the vernacular is high, and a shift in perspective can be seen, namely in the younger generations. There have also been steps taken to codify Creole which has been done with the publication wait for the dictionary of Caribbean English usage.
There are different interesting things in this world, we desire beauty that might attract everybody hoping that they will admire us. But the question is what are those interesting things? The first one is a trend, it is the reason all the time why it captures our attention, mostly on the beautiful things. The second one is culture, it is part of our daily life, and by the use of networks, we get new knowledge and information.
Get original essayThe trend is defined in various ways. In the field of arts, fashion, and music, it is a certain act of setting as a style or preference such as the realism movement in art, quit emergence of the miniskirt, and the popularity of jazz music. In economics, it is a general movement registering statistical changes for a long period such as the increase of living and rate of unemployment. In politics, it refers to a chance, flow, or curve toward a certain thought or policy as to when democratic southeast ASIAN countries favored authoritarian governments at a certain point in their histories. A trend is a pattern of group behavior that lasts for a long period of time. It can affect your life and shape your future. Some of the trends today include 3-D printing, online ticketing, solar paneling installation, and pop music. By spotting a trend, you can think of ways to maintain your lead in your field of specialization, detect new opportunities to grab, and “invent” a future life for you, your family, and close friends. In order to detect a trend, read and observe a lot. While the network is a particular type of relationship that links certain sets of people, events, or objects. Culture is the aspects of life that people value and enjoy. It is considered a defining characteristic of humanity that includes things like language, art, music, architecture, customs, rituals, pastimes, festivals, cuisine, fashion, history, stories, and myth. Social networks can be used as avenues for transforming people, solving problems, or redirecting efforts. Nowadays, people continue to adopt different cultures which resulted to not valuing their own culture. People nowadays are fond of watching Korean dramas and listening to other foreign music that they even forget the culture they used to do. they even imitate to do what is popular and apply to their self which they think is a cool and unique event it is not necessary, It also affects their daily living which resulted in people to be unproductive.
Someone or something starts or causes a trend. A person who starts a trend is called a trendsetter. The individual's act or event has attracted attention, earned acceptance, and created strong interest and influence on people whose number keeps snowballing as days go by. The act or event is something different from what is currently going on and it becomes “the next big thing.” It demonstrates an accelerated spread among various sectors and areas and creates a deep and wide scope of influence on people, sectors, and the environment it leads to change.
According to futurists (a futurist is one who studies and predicts the future, especially on the basis of current trends) Alf Rehn and Magnus Lindkvist, trendspotting refers to “the study of trends and the way they develop and affect society.” This should be differentiated from cool-hunting which is “a hunt for those things that will become popular before they are popular.” Trend analysis is “based on trend spotting but extends this into developing future scenarios.”
Trendspotting seeks broader subjects that lead to changes in human perception, say, in clothing and music. Imagine how the marketers of the denim jeans, notably Levis, positioned denim jeans from being workwear to being quality wear that exudes individuality and informality. Soon, denim jeans became ubiquitous in every country and a must-have. Think of composers and performers of pop music that help define the taste of a generation of listeners, possibly touching emotions and upholding attitudes. Original Pilipino Music (OPM), which started in the late 1970s, provided songs with a uniquely Filipino Pop feel different from the previous colonially influenced songs and art songs. Moreover, trends can reflect or give the impression of wealth and status such as the trends of drinking gourmet coffee, and eating organic food, and fashion trends such as dresses and ripped jeans for OOTDs. Trends and fads can happen in areas of life where change or transformation continuously occurs. This means that while you’re alive, you will encounter and experience various trends and fads.
Globalization affects your life and everyone else’s no matter your location and distance from other people. The inter-connectivity brought about by globalization is manifested by, for example, a local event in a country affecting and creating impacts in another country. Sociologist, Anthony Giddens defined globalization as “the intensification of worldwide social relations which links distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.”
One of the dimensions of Globalization is Sociocultural Globalization. This dimension has two components: cultural globalization and social globalization. Cultural Globalization refers to the spread of ideas, values, and meanings across countries, broadening and increasing social relations. It paves the way for the creation of shared norms as well as of broader and deeper knowledge of other cultural identities. This facilitates increased interrelation and interconnection among variegated cultures on populations and a better appreciation for one another.
Religion, languages, cuisine, fashion, music, dance, and other ramifications of pop culture are the elements in cultural globalization. The one’s isolated communities and unknown indigenous practices are uncovered and exposed to the world by the opening of a country to foreign researchers, business people, tourists, journalists, and adventurists. People develop their tastes and preference for food, architectural designs, clothing, body accessories, and sports that they encounter from other countries. For instance, American shops and goods are made available around the world to suit in the “Americanization” of buyers, especially the young generations. The Japanese Pop (J-Pop) and Korean Pop (K-Pop) cultures with good-looking singers and dancers have become a phenomenon in many countries across the continents. Much earlier than the Americanization was the signification (the adaptation of certain Chinese beliefs, practices, and other cultural elements) in early Southeast Asian societies. Chinese cultural influences have been unceasing in South East Asia and beyond since then, may it be in the realms of business, family relations, food, language, or metaphysical beliefs. Cultural borrowings and convergence have increased through cultural Globalization.
Social Globalization the second component, covers the diffusion of beliefs, practices, and issues concerning population growth, media, urbanization, tourism, education, and sports that drive nations, institutions, and governments to expand social relations. High population growth has been a concern of the world because it affects the pace and quality of development, food prices and supply, natural resources, energy supply, and the help of the global community. Increased human consumption of fish and other seafood, for instance, has significantly reduced the fish population, thus continuously creating disequilibrium in the marine ecosystem.
Local network which refers to interconnected processes internal to the individual person's mind, mental faculty, or thoughts such as strategic analysis and intuitive thinking that are ultimately demonstrated in decision making. Strategic analysis is the process of examining, using one’s rationality or reason, the organization’s surroundings and resources, and how they relate with each other to formulate a strategy to meet objectives and improve performance. Such as understanding facts, data, and instructions at hand. it is common in the process of strategic planning, its brain-centered and focused and deals with one thing at a time. On the other hand, Intuitive thinking is sensing or knowing using rational processes such as reading facts and instructions. Simply intuitive thinking is making choices and decisions according to one’s hunch and gut feeling without knowing the reason why. It is heart-centered, unfocused, experiences, logical, and is not time-bound.
Global networks are basically avenues for communication which pave the way for the creation of new forms of social interaction and organization. It appears in many forms such as international production networks, international security alliances, international amnesty, global networks for tropical diseases, and a world watch for marine life, among life. The networks are characterized by actors composed of people, governments, and institutions or firms sharing common interests and exchanging and interacting with one another.
Planetary networks refer to the interconnections and interrelation among the various elements in the natural environment enveloping and affecting the earth as well as elements beyond the earth’s surface. It includes the rain, the wind, the sun rays, gases, and other climate-related elements. It also covers natural resources such as forests, mineral deposits, lakes, oceans, hills, and mountains as well as the flora and fauna and other living organisms which when heavily exploited and exhausted shall cause detrimental effects on earth’s natural cycle and functions.
Overall, globalization has a huge impact in our daily life, it makes everyone aware that change is a must and nothing ever stays the same. We make choices and decisions every day, knowingly and unknowingly. The problem, however, is making the right or better decisions. Arriving at the right decisions involves critical and creative thinking skills which intend to develop in vogue, Networks, and Culture in the 21st Century. Globalization can be understood by looking to its components or dimensions and by analyzing its consequences and effects on people, communities, governments, and tighten. The time where we live in the 21st century and this period is very well known for its development of science and information technology. Nowadays emails, internet, fax, phones, mobiles, and television are very common. And these are the tools that have made communication from one corner of the world to another. In this relation, the whole world is being looked at as a single community that is connected by electronic communication systems. Thus, globalization can be defined as the integration and freedom of the world’s culture, economy, and infrastructure through transnational investment, rapid acceleration of communication and information technologies, and the impacts of free markets on local, regional, and national economies. This mainly deals with the interlinked of the people globally. It is due to globalization that we are so much adapted and accustomed to not only the western cultures but other cultures as well. The influence of Hollywood, Korean Dramas, and changes in language, culture, and dressing are such examples of Globalization. Globalization has helped the people to be updated with every happening of the world. The thoughts and ideas of individuals now work in a broader perspective.
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Get custom essayWe can’t deny the fact that we are already globalized and we can do nothing about it. The more globalization continues the more improvement will happen. Just for example the father is in the living room watching live streaming of news on his laptop, the news reports are about the king of Saudi Arabia passing away; a week-long riot occurring in Mexico; prices of stocks are spiking upward. Though that situation is making us aware that globalization can inform us internationally. The scenario mentioned is just a few that show the impact of globalization in a domestic setting. Globalization seems to have two faces like the yin and yang, or the positive and negative elements close together. This concept described opposite as interdependent and interlinked to each other. And by that, globalization is possible because of the mass media. Because it is broadcast from one part of the world to another. Despite having many advantages many people still argue that globalization cannot always be useful to individuals since working technically is not always proper. It may continue an individual to just himself being self-centered. Other critical issues may arise due to globalization. So, globalization can be viewed both positively and negatively thinking.
Education is a big part of many people’s lives. It gives people a wide range of opportunities that can change one’s life, beliefs, and outlook on life. But, some people don’t have that opportunity and choose to ignore the tools to create our lives because of their environment, peers, family, economical status, and self-image. In the novel, The Other Wes Moore, and the documentary, Hoop Dreams, education was the most influential in determining their futures.
Get original essayEducation affects vulnerable students in a negative way because of their lack of knowledge and a supportive environment, resulting in lower levels of achievement. For example, Wes (author) was getting bad grades and was skipping school., “After a series of unsatisfactory report cards, my mother had begun to think that what many of my teachers were telling her was correct…” Wes (author) was failing school and was getting bad grades, Wes (author) went to a school with much higher standards than he is used to. It was too sophisticated for him, so he got bad grades and didn’t go to school because of his lack of knowledge and standards. Another thing is, Westley, did so well in Job Corps that he was in the top of his class and he got his GED, “Wes, by contrast, finished near the top of the class. He completed the course work and received his GED a month later. He was already reading at the level of a sophomore in college”. Westley got his GED and was at the top of his class. This illuminates that education made Westley believe that he was successful, but he realized that truth and he fell back to his old roots, and he does drugs again. Furthermore, Arthur fell back from St. Joe’s to Marshall. Arthur fell back from St. Joe’s, a really sophisticated high school, to The Other Wes Moore Essay a normal high school called Marshall (James). Arthur getting pushed back communicates that Arthur went to a school with a higher class that he couldn’t meet the standards for, and was too much for him to handle mentally and financially, so he had to go to a school that didn’t have the standards to have the opportunity for something greater. However, if the education system had more focus on helping people to be successful, less expensive, and to people who really need it, these young men wouldn’t be in these situations.
Education is affected by the environment it is in. For example, Arthur goes to a new school that is more sophisticated than his old school., Arthur goes to St. Joe’s and he realizes that everything is clean and not anything like his school back in urban Chicago (James ). Arthur is surprised that his new school is fancy, the school that Arthur went to was in a more urban environment, so it was cheap and inexpensive, while this new school is in a rich urban environment, so the school there was expensive and sophisticated. Furthermore, Wes (author) moved to military school, a harsh and rougher version of Riverdale, “It was a more austere version of Riverdale, a far cry from my Bronx neighborhood”. Wes (author) switched to Valley Forge, a military school, and it was like a super strict Riverdale, Riverdale was fancier and a preppy rich school because it was along the banks of the Hudson River, but with this new school, Valley Forge had a military environment, so it was very strict. Lastly, William is sent to St. Joseph and it is more stressful, and strict, and it needs higher standards for students to meet than his other school, William goes to St. Joe’s and it is a lot more stressful and hardworking than his last school. (James). William goes to a different school and is stressed out from how different it is from his old school, his old school was in an urban environment and needed fewer standards for their students, but when he goes to St. Joe’s, it is a polar opposite for him and he gets stressed. Alternatively, if schools would look at a students’ history of grades and schools they go to and put them in classes best fit for them, or even just have them not go to that school, these young men wouldn’t be stressed and they would become more successful.
Education becomes harder when people from urban environments go to a school with higher standards. First, Wes (author) goes to a new school, Riverdale, and is surprised to see more sophisticated people in the school, “... well-dressed kids had stunned me on my first visit,” “And every time I looked at my fellow students, The Other Wes Moore Essay I was reminded of how little I fit in”. Wes (author) goes to a new school and can’t fit in with the higher standards, Wes would skip Riverdale every day because he couldn’t fit in with the standards of how sophisticated his school and how his classmates were. Another thing is, Arthur went to St. Joe’s and it was too much for him and it was expensive, so he had to stop going there, Arthur was taught hard at St. Joe’s, and for how expensive it was to be there was too much so he had to stop going there, (James ). Arthur couldn’t handle the expense of going to St. Joe’s, so he had to leave. This expresses that Arthur couldn’t handle how expensive the school was and the standards his parents had to pay for him to even be in school. Finally, William goes to St.Joe’s and the more sophisticated school stresses him out., William went to a different school, St. Joe’s, which took a toll on him from the new standards that he had to meet from training to grades, (James ). The constant training and learning caused William to get stressed out. William was stressed out because of the higher standards he had to meet. He ended up losing interest in basketball because of this. Instead, if schools focus more on the student and not make them stressed out. They should also make school less expensive.
In the novel, The Other Wes Moore, and the documentary, Hoop Dreams, education was the most influential in determining their futures. School is a lot on somebody, especially on people who are in situations where they will most likely not succeed. Some people have to go to a school with standards they don’t know or can’t fit into. Or an environment from a school can affect a kid's life and how they look at life. Even students can be affected by education in a negative way because of where they were from and get lower achievement from it. Schools should have the opportunity for vulnerable people to be able to have a good education like everybody else.
Frictions between different racial and ethnic groups are a tale as old as time; World War II saw the wrongful American internment of Japanese-Americans, and more recently tensions are again rising – sometimes violently – between US police and African-Americans. But why are we cursed to forever seek conflict with our neighbours? Largely, at fault is lack of race-based trust – or rather, race-based mistrust. This mistrust is rooted in human social categorization: people differentiate others into different social groups. Creating ingroups and outgroups, we differentiate between each group by making group boundaries based on perceived characteristics. In turn, group membership grants one social identity, a sense of belonging. Due to human tendency to perceive ourselves, and thus our own ingroups, in a positive light, people tend to treat ingroup members more positively than outgroup members – we call this ingroup positivity bias. Trust is defined as the degree of positivity – how laudable, hopeful or good – one expects of another’s intention and behaviour. In intergroup contexts such as those of racial conflicts, intergroup trust is low because of the low positivity received and expressed between ingroup and outgroup members.
Get original essayIn the face of social phenomena, it is also instinctual for people to perform amateur science to form reasons for them. These flawed explanations, or lay theories, are a person’s belief if specific attributes, like race, are tied to malleable characteristics and assuming the associations are simple social constructions versus fixed characteristics and assuming the associations are essential to persons belonging to that domain. Everyone has cognitive availability to both beliefs; the level of accessibility in a given individual or situation dictates the accessed belief. This accessibility of beliefs is individually different, depending on many factors like one’s developmental experiences, social structure and culture, and the belief’s capacity to explain an observed pattern of things. One’s lay theory of race is influential in perceptions and attitudes of others, and likely plays a vital role in the shaping of intergroup trust. As a result, cooperation is then catalyzed between groups and constructiveness in conflict resolutions.
Kung et al. (2018) conducted a study aiming to improve intergroup situations by attempting to establish a relationship between lay theory of race and intergroup trust. They hypothesized that versus essentialist beliefs, social constructionist beliefs about race can increase trust toward racial outgroups in intergroup contexts based on two arguments. First, people who endorse these beliefs are associated with lower tendency to racially categorize people because of their perception that racial boundaries are malleable. The ingroup bias and weaker willingness to bestow positivity toward outgroup members we had seen before is undone by these endorsers’ more positive attitude toward intergroup interactions, resulting in better ability to extend intergroup trust. Second, these endorsers had been associated with stronger motivation to connect with outgroups; this is a known precursor to trust, as relationships are built only if the other person is felt to be trusted.
The study is organized into three experiments testing for their hypothesis in intergroup versus intragroup contexts and interracial/multiethnic versus same-race contexts. The first experiment investigated the association between lay theory of race and trust towards people of different-race versus same-race in a team conflict scenario. 60 Hong Kong Chinese undergraduate business students participated for course credit. Participants filled out a survey that measured their lay theories of race, as well as personality and intelligence for control purposes. After, they were to read and imagine a case competition conflict scenario where their partner, either also Hong Kong Chinese or Filipino, is in disagreement with the participant’s favoured idea. Finally, partner trust ratings and demographic info is asked to be provided. The second experiment was set up to measure cooperation as a behavioural outcome for trust, because trust is a known prerequisite for cooperation, in a decision-making game with and without experimental manipulation of lay theory. 97 Hong Kong Chinese undergraduate business students participated for course credit. Participants were first randomly assigned to read and summarize a false scientific news article that provided real arguments for social constructionist or essentialist beliefs about race. Their summaries were used to check for successful manipulation of lay theory via the reading’s arguments. Then, participants were invited to play a decision-making computer game with an unknowingly fake partner in an adjacent room – the partner’s actions merely pre-programmed responses. To increase engagement and deepen impressions, participants were first asked to swap personal profiles with their Hong Kong Chinese or Filipino partner. The game itself involves multiple rounds of decisions to either choosing to cooperate or defect, where the participant is rewarded most to defect when the partner chooses to cooperate but least to defect when the partner also defects.
The goal had been declared to be to earn the most individual points. As an experimental control, the virtual partner always chose to cooperate. Post-game trust was then rated. The final experiment aimed to test the hypothesis further in a face-to-face negotiation with partners of same and different race. The relationship between two people is called a dyad, and dyadic trust is a precursor to mutually beneficial settlements, also known as joint gains. It was predicted that dyads with stronger social constructionist beliefs would have more dyadic trust in interracial negotiations, which would lead to better negotiation joint gains. 230 undergraduate business Hong Kong Chinese and Asian and White international students were recruited as participants for course credit. Participants completed a survey for lay theory and demographic info. A few weeks later, they participated in a negotiation simulation in Hong Kong Chinese dyads and Hong Kong Chinese-international dyads. The simulation resembled a merger plan negotiation between two companies. Four rounds were played, with partners having to cooperatively choose one out of five options to resolve an issue; these options granted different amounts of individual points depending on their respective company agenda.
The goal was again declared to be to gain the most individual points. At the end of the game, partners gave trust ratings and joint gains were calculated after trust-reporting to avoid the influence of joint gain results on dyadic trust. Across the three experiments – in varying situations – evidence was found that the hypothesis was correct: compared to essentialist beliefs, social constructionist beliefs on race promoted interracial trust in intergroup contexts. In particular, it was found that lay theory of race’s effects are mediated by interracial trust, which is then predicted to result in higher cooperation and joint gains in negotiation in intergroup settings. Lay theory of race had also been revealed to be able to reliably influence interracial trust, regardless of: whether lay theory of race was naturally measured or manipulated; whether individual differences in other lay theories were controlled for; and specific racial or ethnic compositions in interracial conflict. Together, these findings provide optimism and direction toward further understanding of interracial relations – and a more harmonious communion between all the painted children of mankind.