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The steel producing industry is said to be the bedrock of good economy for any nation. Ajaokuta Steel company is supposed to be the turning point of Nigeria’s economy. However, it seems like an unachieved dream. Nigeria is said to be among the top 20 countries with iron ore used to make steel, yet we are not on the list of the top steelmaking countries. The problems faced in achieving this dream includes Corruption in the Nigerian government, international conspiracy and the employment factors. These problems have dragged the economy of the nation and has contributed to the high crime rate and poverty levels. In the next pages, you will find an extended overview and history of Ajaokuta and the solutions I am suggesting to some of the problems. I hope you would be delighted to read and gain knowledge.
Get original essayHaving a steel industry was conceptioned by the central government in 1958. In any case, due to the developing attention to the accessibility of iron mineral in Agbaja, Udi and different zones of the nation, there was an agreement to set up a coordinated steel plant. Late Tafawa Balewa and Late Nnamdi Azikiwe between 1960 - 1966 welcomed and got a proposition from some remote firms, including those from the UK, U. S. , Germany and Canada, the greater part of these being on the plausibility of setting up steel plants. The endeavours of the administration did not yield critical positive outcome since they depended on the utilization of iron deposits in Agbaja and Udi which were later observed by the foreign contractors to be unsatisfactory for coordinate decrease. In 1967, a group of Soviet specialists arrived in Nigeria to direct the scouting for the availability of an iron and steel plant, as a follow-up on a specialized/monetary participation pact between the administrations of Nigeria and the USSR. In their report, they prescribed the utilization of blast furnace procedure of iron making. The report additionally brought up that the known iron metal deposits in the nation were of low quality and suggested that further geographical studies be done to check whether better mineral could be found. In 1968, Soviet Union specialists came to Nigeria and after a general topographical examination announced that there were high prospects for more extravagant iron mineral and coal stores in the nation at Ajaokuta.
Nonetheless, the national government marked an agreement in 1970 with a Russian organization, TyazhPromExport (TPE), under which they consented to give some machinery to complete further topographical review to decide the amount of the stores of iron mineral, coal assets in the nation that could be utilized for the proposed iron and steel industry. By 1973, reasonable iron metal deposits were found in Itakpe, Ajabanoko and Oshokoshoko all in the area around Kabba-Okene-Lokoja – Koton Karfe hub, now in Kogi State. The TPE was contracted to set up the primer venture report for the proposed Iron and Steel Industry in Nigeria. In 1975, during the rule of Murtala Mohammed, the fundamental venture report indicating the crude materials base at Itakpe in Kogi plant site area (Ajaokuta), first stage generation volume of 1. 3 mmt, process course (Blast furnace - Basic Oxygen reduction furnace), Product shape (Long items) put together by TPE was checked on, talked about and acknowledged. TPE was in this manner dispatched to set up the detailed project report on Ajaokuta which was finished and submitted in 1977. In 1979, Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited (ASCL ) or NIOMCO, Delta Steel Company (DSC), among others, were built up under Section 2 of National Steel Council Decree No. 60 of September 19, 1979 and fused as Limited Liability Companies. In 1980, previous President Shehu Shagari established the framework stone of an incorporated steel plant in Ajaokuta on 24,000 hectares of sprawling green-field landmass, based on 800-hectares. The steel organization has four distinct sorts of rolling mills inside the plant.
The four rolling mills are greater than Aladja, Osogbo, Katsina, and Jos moving plants all together while the coke stove and bye-products plant is greater than all the four refineries in Nigeria set up together. In 1980 to 1983, the government accomplished 84 percent completion of Ajaokuta steel plant as the Light Section Mill of the plant was charged sooner than the booked date, while the Wire Rod Mill was additionally dispatched in April 1984, sooner than the planned month of December. In 1994, gear and machinery erection work at Ajaokuta Steel Plant came to 98 percent completion. With every one of these accomplishments, it was, nonetheless, pitiful that the huge steel plant thought considered and executed by past pioneers had neglected to add to the improvement of Nigeria. The Ajaokuta steel that had come to 98 percent completion as far back as 1994 had not created a solitary steel till date. The coordinated plant was imagined to have multiplier impacts on all divisions of the Nigerian economy, for example, the modern, farming, transport and development areas, among others. The steel plant was intended to deliver 1. 3 million tons of fluid steel per annum in its stage one, with an implicit ability to grow its creation to 2. 6 million tons of level iron and steel items in its second stage and stage three arrangement was wanted to deliver 5. 2 million tons of different kinds of steel items, including substantial plates. The steel plant complex likewise has an exceedingly modern collection of 43 unique plants made up of a web of complex iron, link, and apparatus of various sizes and capacities. Out of the 43 plants, 40 as of now are finished and can create autonomously.
Ajaokuta steel has the ability to be a noteworthy maker of mechanical apparatuses, auto-electrical extra parts, shipbuilding, railroads, and carriages. The steel plant's first stage has the ability to give guide work to 10,000 specialized staff and roundabout 500,000 for incompetent upstream and downstream business in the event that it is in action. The government had spent over $10 billion more in 34 years and would require another $2 billion to finish the remaining two precent. South Korea, which began its steel development around a similar time with Ajaokuta steel presently has an income base of over N60 billion dollars for each annum and utilizes more than 65,000 staff. Ajaokuta steel would have improved the situation in the event that it had begun creation. As indicated by World Steel Association (WSA) report, South Africa and Egypt created 6. 1 and 5. 0 million tons of steel in 2016, while South Africa is the 22nd on the rundown of nations on steel generation, Egypt is the 27th. China, the world's biggest steelmaker has a steel generation of 808. 4 million tons speaking to around 50 percent of the worldwide steel yield for 2016, as Japan and India created 104. 8 and 95. 6 million tons of rough steel to keep up the second and third position on the list. For all intents and purposes, every one of the countries that are among the first world companies have improved capacities in steel creation. Indeed, even those that don't have any of the key mineral information sources required for steelmaking had throughout the years built up the ability to create steel. Japan and South Korea, for example, have no mineral asset for iron and steel, yet they rank among the world best 10 nations in steel creation.
Nigeria that is blessed with so many crude materials, for example, tin, coal, petroleum gas and limestones required for the making of steel is as yet battling with what to do with the lethargic plant. In June 2003, previous President Olusegun Obasanjo awarded Ajaokuta steel to Messrs SOLGAS Energy of the USA on a 10-year residency; in August 2004, the Federal Government ended the SOLGAS pactt due to non-execution. In 2004 and 2005, the Obasanjo organization, once more, conceded another admission to Global Infrastructure Nigeria Limited (GINL) an India organization for the task of Ajaokuta steel and the Nigeria Iron Ore Mining Company (NIOMCO) at Itakpe in Kogi. In any case, the Indian organization did not satisfy the national government's desire in dealing with the two organizations. Thus, the late Umaru Yar'Adua organization was constrained to repudiate the agreement in April 2008 without meeting the prerequisites of the conditions incorporated with the understanding.
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Get custom essayThe Indian organization from that point took the Nigerian government to assertion court in London, which additionally crippled the two firms. In 2016, President Muhammadu Buhari satisfied his battle guarantee on Ajaokuta steel by settling the legitimate bottleneck encompassing the organizations out of court. Be that as it may, the central government consented to altered concession arrangement with GINL to empower the firm to hold the National Iron Ore Mining Company, Itakpe. The altered seven-year concession understanding was marked on August 1, 2016, while the national government assumed control over the Ajaokuta steel. While the national government was intending to re-concession Ajaokuta steel once more, partners in the Nigerian Metallurgical Society asked it to finish the staying two for every penny and work the plant for a couple of years before concessioning it. The partners likewise asked the government to give clear and enunciated plan to the advancement and development of metal generation segment as the battle for utilitarian steel organization in Nigeria proceeded.
Archaeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, and cultural landscapes. Also, archeology Archaeology is the study of the ancient and recent human past through material remains. It is a subfield of anthropology, the study of all human culture. From million-year-old fossilized remains of our earliest human ancestors in Africa to 20th-century buildings in present-day New York City, archaeology analyzes the physical remains of the past in pursuit of a broad and comprehensive understanding of human culture.
Get original essayArchaeology offers a unique perspective on human history and culture that has contributed greatly to our understanding of both the ancient and the recent past. Archaeology helps us understand not only where and when people lived on the earth, but also why and how they have lived, examining the changes and causes of changes that have occurred in human cultures over time, seeking patterns and explanations of patterns to explain everything from how and when people first came to inhabit the Americas, to the origins of agriculture and complex societies.
Unlike history, which relies primarily upon written records and documents to interpret great lives and events, archaeology allows us to delve far back into the time before written languages existed and to glimpse the lives of everyday people through analysis of things they made and left behind. Archaeology is the only field of study that covers all times periods and all geographic regions inhabited by humans. It has helped us to understand big topics like ancient Egyptian religion, the origins of agriculture in the Near East, colonial life in Jamestown Virginia, the lives of enslaved Africans in North America, and early Mediterranean trade routes. In addition archaeology, today can inform us about the lives of individuals, families and communities that might otherwise remain invisible. The father of archaeological excavation was William Cunnington (1754–1810). He undertook excavations in Wiltshire from around 1798, funded by Sir Richard Colt Hoare.
Cunnington made meticulous recordings of Neolithic and Bronze Age barrows, and the terms he used to categorize and describe them are still used by archaeologists today. One of the major achievements of 19th-century archaeology was the development of stratigraphy. The idea of overlapping strata tracing back to successive periods was borrowed from the new geological and paleontological work of scholars like William Smith. The application of stratigraphy to archaeology first took place with the excavations of prehistoric and Bronze Age Sites. In the third and fourth decades of the 19th century, archaeologists like Jacques Boucher de Perthes and Christian Jürgensen Thomsen began to put the artifacts they had found in chronological order. A major figure in the development of archaeology into a rigorous science was the army officer and ethnologist, Augustus Pitt Rivers, who began excavations on his land in England in the 1880s. His approach was highly methodical by the standards of the time, and he is widely regarded as the first scientific archaeologist. He arranged his artifacts by type or “typologically, and within types by date or “chronologically”. This style of arrangement, designed to highlight the evolutionary trends in human artifacts, was of enormous significance for the accurate dating of the objects. His most important methodological innovation was his insistence that all artifacts, not just beautiful or unique ones, be collected and cataloged.
William Flinders Petrie is another man who may legitimately be called the Father of Archaeology. His painstaking recording and study of artifacts, both in Egypt and later in Palestine, laid down many of the ideas behind modern archaeological recording; he remarked that “I believe the true line of research lies in the noting and comparison of the smallest details.” Petrie developed the system of dating layers based on pottery and ceramic findings, which revolutionized the chronological basis of Egyptology. Petrie was the first to scientifically investigate the Great Pyramid in Egypt during the 1880s.He was also responsible for mentoring and training a whole generation of Egyptologists, including Howard Carter who went on to achieve fame with the discovery of the tomb of 14th-century BC pharaoh Tutankhamun.
The tradition of integrating healthcare and art has a long and profound history; it can be traced far back to when the first hospitals grew out of hostels run by the church for pilgrims and other travelers. In order to understand the development and importance of art in healthcare, we must understand the vast change in healthcare institutions throughout the decades because as healthcare institutions changed throughout the years, so did the art inside. Taking a quote from Florence Nightingale, a prolific nurse who raised the standards for nursing during the Crimean War in 1854, she spoke of the importance of aesthetic pleasure and distraction:
Get original essayI have seen in fevers… the most acute suffering produced from the patient, not being able to see out of the window, and the knots in the wood being the only view. I shall never forget the rapture of fever patients over a bunch of bright-colored flowers. People say the effect is only on the mind. It is no such thing; the effect is on the body too.
During the 6th century BC, it is evident that the Ancient Greeks saw a link between the arts and healing; a hospital in Epidaurus stood next to a statue of Asclepius- the God of healing. They also had temples that were dedicated to both physical and spiritual healing dating back to 200 BC, adorned with marble reliefs and statues. People would dedicate imagery of what body parts had been causing them problems - they acted as a souvenir to what had been healed as a token of 'thank-you' to the healing god. The word hospital derives itself from the Latin word hospital, meaning a house for the reception and entertainment of pilgrims, travelers, and strangers - with no connection to illness.
Although the Ancient Greeks may not have understood the healing power of art - the principal of art was there to enlighten and to transcend the viewer or provide hope for those in need of help during times of ailment. As we move on to the medieval period, we see a more definite connection between art and the institution’s moral principles. It was during these times that brought about the origins of the modern hospital.
Paradoxically, in certain respects Christianity had a rather negative effect on medicine: anatomy was denounced, human dissection was prohibited because a man’s body is the temple of the Holy Spirit, the occurrence of miracles advanced superstition, and diseases were regarded as a punishment for sin. The Church progressively monopolized the predominantly monastic hospital system, which for its time rendered an able service to the ill and the aged but contributed little to the advancement of medical science.
Medieval hospitals contained incredible artistic embellishments; which usually reflected the religious nature of the institution and offered images which set illness clearly in a context of belief, the interior would reflect the wealth of the patron or founder. This can be seen throughout the renaissance, but perhaps more ornately done. Renaissance hospitals had highly regarded art pieces in places of healing - works that reflected their place in history. The hospitals of Renaissance Italy were the ‘concrete embodiment of physical and spiritual healing’.
Moving on to the 15th century we see Kings and rulers moving their charitable work from the building of cathedrals to that of hospitals in order to achieve good works on this earth and to help them to the next. An interesting example of this is the St Wulstan Hospital in Worcester; where there was once a room where patients were brought to spend their last days of sickness, this room contained 10 panels including scenes of St Erasmus, and on the opposite wall was ‘St Michael weighing souls to decide their destiny, to heaven or hell’.[
One of the most discussed and historical pieces of hospital artworks is William Hogarth’s ‘Christ at the Pool of Bethesda’ in St Bartholomew’s Hospital London Hogarth painted this large fresco for no fee but did so in order to promote himself as an artist. The painting is a visual narrative of the art requested at this time for hospitals, to show what St. Bartholomew's represented as a healthcare institution. It was painted in 1736 depicting an episode in Saint John's Gospel, the painting features Jesus Christ tending to a leper reclining on the ground, surrounded by other sick people. Hogarth himself said regarding his work in St Bartholomew’s - “my object dramatic, and my aim to draw tears from the spectator”. I think this is an excellent example of what art in healthcare once was and what it once represented, in some ways, it carries the same principles of hope and recovery addressing the mind and spirit of patients. Dr. Hugh Baron puts it perfectly in his essay on the History of Art in Hospitals ‘Patients were exposed to images of the deity so that they could pray for their recovery, pray for the patrons of the hospital, or pray for immortality’
An interesting article from 1877 from the British Medical Journal from Joseph Moore, Chairman of the Committee of Management of the Seamen’s Hospital, started a public appeal to “assist him in decorating the wards of the institution with pictures so as to dissipate the depressing monotony of the dead walls… the pictures should be simple, colored prints”.
With the proliferation of Victorian public welfare, those elaborate forms of art in hospitals had largely disappeared, however, it was after 1910 when little to no art was placed in hospitals in Europe due to the changes in architectural fashion. The architectural fad was exemplified by August Perrier ‘decoration always hides an error in construction’ and by his pupil Le Corbusier - ‘a house is a machine for living in, it is the wall which is the work of art’ and this attitude was reflected in healthcare institutions in the early 20th century. An interesting point in which Dr. Hugh Baron points out as an element for the dismissal of art from architecture at this time may have been because of ‘the then fashionable dogma that Romanesque and gothic cathedrals and Greek temples and their structure were all white’ because they appeared in textbooks as black and white photographs, this myth from the 1920’s ‘persisted until the 1960s and for many decades hospitals, wards and patients had to suffer environments in which color and decoration were taboo’.
During the NHS’s early years ‘they paid little regard within their walls to the aesthetic dimensions of existence. They were very much settings for the treatment of disease’. It was during this time we really began to segregate the two disciples of art and healing. Art in healthcare settings was ‘frequently seen as an optional extra as something to be added when resources allow, and in hospitals, as a comfort rather than as an integral part of the healing and caring process’. Rules and regulations were enforced for greater hygiene but the buildings became drab and lifeless ‘patients were lying in bed with nothing to look at but a blank wall’. Asylums were placed in the countryside away from urban areas, but also for a nice scenery - the same was not thought of in TB wards. During the 1960s and 70s - less care ‘stark settings for care became the standards, accompanied perhaps by an unwritten but nevertheless strong assumption that decoration was frivolously self-indulgent and in any case leached away funds needed for the ‘real’ purpose. ‘The great bulk of buildings which comprised the NHS in its early years paid little regard within their walls to the aesthetic dimensions of existence. They were much the settings for the treatment of disease’.
From this we can see a clear reflection of what was happening in society and what was happening in hospitals, from ancient Grecian times; a deep connection between art and healing, to the 15th century when art in hospitals became more about the patron and money, the early 20th century reflected minimalist sensibilities which carried for over 50 years.
Art should not be seen as one of those activities like physiotherapy that is ancillary to medicine; nor as an alternative to medicine. It is concerned without common sensibility and our shared vision of what life is about and how it should be lived. Art has the power to reconcile us to the painful problems that life presents, its truths, and the suffering and sacrifices that it entails for so many people.
The idea that art may have constructive benefits in healthcare is not a new concept and has been recognized by artists and healthcare professionals. Although the benefits may not have been known back in ancient Greek times but ‘our forebears lived in a state of unity between the physical and spiritual, the visible and invisible’. However, there is a constant conflict between human standards on one hand and institutional efficiency on the other; art can sometimes be disregarded. The potential for the arts in healthcare is vast since everyone needs healthcare at some point in their lives. The quality of people’s lives is the main consideration however It is very difficult to measure in any scientific way claims made about the effort of the arts and visual environment on patient recovery. I will be introducing the main case studies that have proven art in healthcare to have benefits on patients and staff. It can't be easy to be healed in a soulless concrete box with characterless windows, inhospitable corridors, and purely functional wards. The spirit needs healing as well as the body.
Over the last twenty years, there has been increasing recognition internationally of the contribution the arts can make to the health, quality of life ...and to those in healthcare settings. Since the 1980s, arts programs have opened in hundreds of hospitals, clinics, and community centers across the world, and there has been an increase in government support for this work.
The earliest and most recognized study on the influence of surroundings and aesthetics in healthcare settings was one conducted by Dr. Roger Ulrich in 1984, called ‘A View Through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery’ in which Ulrich showed us that a view of nature from your hospital bed can significantly hasten postoperative recovery, Ulrich describes that ‘most natural views apparently elicit positive feelings, reduce fear in stressed subjects, hold interest and may block or reduce stressful thoughts, they might also foster restoration from anxiety or stress’ by analyzing nurses notes and patient’s hospital time, comparing with the patient’s in a room with a blank wall and patients in a room with a window. In another study on the effects on the environment, Ulrich emphasizes ‘in spite of the major stress caused by illness and traumatizing hospital experiences, comparatively little emphasis has been given to creating surroundings that calm patients, strengthen their coping resources or otherwise address psychological and social needs’.
The most comprehensive and large-scale study of reviewing the social impact of art initiatives in Britain was undertaken between September 1995 and March 1997. The study concluded that “the participation in the arts is an effective route for personal growth” and that the arts have a positive impact on how people feel, it also contributes “to social cohesion by developing networks and understanding”.
Since 1997 there weren’t many studies conducted in this field of research, however, there have been many papers discussing the importance of art, one of which is by Anne Scott, entitled The Relationship between the Arts and Medicine, written in 2000. Where she outlines the three main contributions that art can make towards ‘whole person understanding’ meaning to understand the individual; she discusses how art can stimulate and share common experiences with the viewers and a way to open conversation between viewers. ‘Medicine and art have a common goal; to complete what nature cannot bring to a finish, to reach an ideal, and to heal creation’. In 2006 the Department of Health in New Zealand reported that the arts have a clear contribution to make and offer major opportunities in the delivery of better health, wellbeing, and improved experience for patients, service users, and staff alike. ‘Good design must have central consideration, and will ensure that the hospital provides a high-quality environment that supports a positive healing experience’.
A more recent study conducted in 2016 study called ‘How do patients actually experience and use art in hospitals? The significance of interaction; a user-orientated experimental case study’ explores the contribution that visual art in hospitals has to heal outcomes. Conducted by four scientists from Denmark. An experiment was conducted for two weeks, week one had the walls stripped and painted white, and in week two art pieces were hung up. It proved that ‘artworks influence the practice and atmosphere of sociability. And that the artworks showed a positive effect on the social environment in the day room by activating patients to engage in dialogue’ It was more than just healing, the artwork was being used as a common frame of reference and engaging a mood of togetherness, ease, and relatedness’. Patients experienced that art had the potential to positively distract them from uncomfortable situations of illness by directly addressing their memories of themselves as an individual, social and cultural beings... positive distraction, in praxis, speech, and atmosphere. These effects are particularly important in relation to patients who experience deprivation of identity and power during hospitalization.
Although there have been studies conducted on art in healthcare to prove to social and holistic benefits of including art in healthcare settings, it’s understandable to see why clients and health service users want art to be justified. “The question of evidence has become a pressing one in relation to art practices in healthcare” Healthcare users work in an environment of ‘cure or care’ and evidence-based medicine “the purpose of EBM (evidence-based medicine) is to identify safe, replicable, and cost-effective interventions that can provide positive, clinical outcomes to a target population and this is applied to every aspect of the healthcare setting, including art. Although the full extent of art can not be measured and “art practices are not replicable”. Evaluation is still needed on art pieces and art initiatives, however, it debilitates the artist to expect art to heal on a scientific level. I will be discussing more about this in chapter two and the role of the artist. In John R. Graham-Pole’s article ‘The Marriage of art and science in healthcare’ he quotes quite aptly that ‘there will be the arts, and some will call them soft data - whereas in fact, they are hard data by which our lives are lived’.
In reviewing these case studies and journals the main effects art can have in healthcare settings are as follows:
Increased recognition of the power of that arts to shape emotional as well as the physical environment lends strength to a growing movement to incorporate the arts into healthcare facilities, this new partnership seeks to re-humanize the healthcare environment with the tools of aesthetic experience and expression.
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Get custom essayIn conclusion, we see how art in healthcare has progressed throughout the centuries; how it reflected the trends of the holistic gods to the minimalist ideals of Le Corbusier, to the strict rules and introduction of the clinical environment. Art has a clear impact and a place in our health care settings. Again, Florence Nightingale recognized the importance of art in medicine and raised issues that are still highly relevant today ‘the effects of beautiful objects, of various objects, and especially the brilliance of color is hardly at all appreciated. Little as we know about the way in which we are affected by form, by color, and light, we do know this, that they have an actual physical effect, variety of form and brilliancy of color in the objects presented to patients are actual means of recovery’.
The banking sector has grown by leaps and bounds when it comes to operations and service delivery. This industry is responsible for generating humongous amount of data but having so much information with them the banks have failed to utilize this information properly from their databases. Big Data will play a crucial role towards the development of this sector through following goals and objectives:
Get original essayBig Data comprises of very vast system but its major job is to create easy working conditions for employees. It will also help bank to rectify their problems without affecting their customers. Also the data will be useful for giving an insight about their spending structure, ensuring the bank that its customer don’t over spend.
This will allow bank to constantly monitor client’s transaction behaviors in real time, allowing them to provide the kind of resources that their clients need. This real-time evaluation will boost overall profitability of the banks. The current databases are not that much capable enough to handle the transaction traffic at much faster rate and if this information needs to be processed switching to Big Data is the only option.
With the help of Big Data the banks will be able to recognize their clients on the basis of various parameters like services, credit card expenditure etc. This will help the banks to target their customers more efficiently according to the tailor made requirements of the customers.
Now the customer segmentation is done, banks know properly which audience to target based on their personalized product offerings can be offered to that sector of people by analyzing past and present expenses and transactions. Creation of personalized product offerings will cater to an untapped niche of personalized services that gives banks the ability to create more meaningful client relationships.
Big Data locates and presents big data on a single large scale that makes it easier to reduce the number of risks to a manageable number and plays a pivotal role in integrating the banks requirements into a centralized, functional platform. This reduces the banks chances of losing data, or ignoring fraud. Adopting to Big Data banking industry will be able to get a better understanding of client requirements, so that they can provide such services in a timely manner. The task of implementing Big Data on a large scale is just taking shape, with many IT departments concerned about the transition to high-tech IT infrastructure. The banking industry has remained untouched for several years and the security issues are always a priority in this industry since it’s involves circulation of many personal and confidential information which needs to be protected at every stage.
Big Data can be advantageous for both customers and banks like:
Heraclitus, a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher once stated that “Change is the only constant thing in this world” and I believe it. I believe that change is the only permanent thing in this world. If you would ask me how can I say that it is true, It is because it can already be seen everywhere in our surroundings. You cannot deny the fact that nothing stays the same for the whole time. An example of this is a plain sheet of paper. That paper will change its physical appearance the moment you started to write or draw something on it. Another example is the Earth. Years ago, The Earth does not even look like this. It has less building, more on rocks. But as years passed, Innovations occur and changes happen. The Earth that we are currently living right now is caused by changes. Last example of proof of changes is the people in general. Friends, Lovers, Enemies, They do not really stay for you forever. Lovers might lead to marriage but after years of being married, there would be really a reason to change your relationship. Cheating, poverty, death, etc. Friendships last long but not long enough. They might be there for you through thick and thin but when you are separated with them for good, you cannot deny the fact that something is really changing. The bond, the little updates that you were constantly doing before, would slowly fade into grey until it was all dark black. Some changes are good, and some are not. The most important change that I reckon the most important, is the change in my body through years.
Get original essayPuberty is normal. It happened to everyone especially when they already reach the age. It happened mostly in adolescent stage. As for my own experiences of changes, it was just like everyone else but I find it pretty devastating. When I was still infant, I was really chubby. I started learning how to talk when I was 4 years old. Pretty late, But at least I can still talk. When I was 6 years old, I was obsessed with soccer balls and I was also obsessed with fire. I love playing with fire. I love the heat of it. One time, I burned my soccer ball in fire for no reason. I was just bored. I also love burning crayons, experimenting lots of things using fire. I started to felt real changes when I was in adolescent stage. I was circumcised at the age of 10, and I felt changes occurring in me. I became conscious of my physical looks and my hygiene. I also tend to be lustful all the time, which was pretty normal though. It was also at this age that I started to feel attraction to girls. When I was 12 years old, body hairs stared to grow already. As for the present, I am already 18 years old and I guarantee a lot of changes ever since. Mentally, emotionally and physically changes are what I observed. My mentality changed, I tend to be more mature and understanding about all the things happening around me. I realized how wasteful I was when I was still a kid. How I wish I just saved up those money that my mother spent on me for my useless toys and spent it on important things instead. I would probably have a car right now if I only did that. As for my physical changes, I noticed my body build up and I get thinner which is very far different for when I was still infant.
Change is really a requirement for us to live. Whether it is for good or for the bad, every one of us needs changes. I am contented of what I have right now though. After all, It was change who brought me here this far.
Color is helpful in communicating your message because it draws attention, sets the tone of the message, and guides the eye where it needs to go. It presents a sense of direction and recognition that people can identify and relate to. Color can make clothes seem warm or cool bright or drab and it can create illusions of making you look taller, shorter, larger or smaller. It can emphasize or play down your features. Color carries emotional resonance with it- in that, when we see a color, we have an emotional response towards that color[4].
Get original essayColor is the first thing other people notice about us, and its impact is immediate and long-lasting. Our fashion color choice says a lot about the image we are trying to portray and how we feel about ourselves, so what does color tell people? Within second of meeting you, other will respond to the color message flashed by your clothes. Different color can make people feel a certain influence the viewer’s home one, blood pressure and body temperature. Color also has an impact on your apparent weight, apparent shape, apparent personality, and our motion[4].
DesignWe know how easy it is to simply pick your favorite color and move forward with your design. Because, after all, you’re happy with the way it “looks” and there are other things to consider; such as photos, content, layout, and the actual development. Color connects to our feelings in a unique and memorable way, which makes them a powerful marketing tool to keep in mind for your design. The coolers in your design need to be purposeful and have meaning in their use. You want to discern what message you want to share about your upcoming event, business, or product and make sure your color choices reflect that. It’s also important to keep in mind the print medium and size and how it will be perceived by the passing audience and what can draw their attention. Particularly, in large format print design, color matters because that is what will draw the eye and be the first line of communication. It is easy to fall back on your personal color preferences when creating your marketing design, but the most important thing to remember is that your design needs to speak to your prospective audience.
– What colors will draw their eye?
– What color’s best represent the message you’re trying to share?
– What color’s consistently representing your business brand?
Red – hot, dangerous, angry, passionate, sentimental, exciting, aggressive, vibrate and powerful. An expressive color extensively used in color. Most visible and lively of all colors, it creates attraction, excitement, enthusiasm, energy and confidence. A physical inspiring color often associated with vitality and ambition, love and passion[5].
Blue – peaceful, calm, restful, serene, tranquil, sad, depressed, formal. A popular colored liked by most. Emotionally opposite to red and yellow, it brings about a soothing and relaxed feeling; pleasant to those eyes. Naturally refreshing in mood; it’s a good choice for daytimes wear. The color of summer skies and seas often associated with calmness, affection, idealism and inspiration[5].
Yellow – bright, sunny, cheerful, warm, prosperous, cowardly, deceitful. A color commonly used in casual fashion. Similar to red, it creates attraction and excitement. However, is suggests a more fun. The wearer changes tend to bring about cheeriness to the group. Usually liked by those embraces is change. The color of sunshine, often associated joy, liveness and optimism[5].
White – innocent, youthful, faithful, peaceful. A popular color in fashion, light and neutral. It goes well with any color. Consider a summer color, a good choice for tops. Always have some in your wardrobe. It readily matches bottom of any color; a pair of jeans, khaki jeans, a grey shit, a bright colorful skirt. Associated with cleanness and purity, innocence and gentleness. White gives you a feel of freedom and uncluttered openness[7].
Black – mysterious, tragic, serious, sad, dignified, silent, sophisticated, strong, wise, evil. A popular color of fashion. Always stylish and never out of trends. A good choice of bottoms. Directly opposite to the white, it readily matches top of any color. It is also a popular choice for tops, making the wearer appear slimmer. A great complimentary color for accessories like a pink sparklingly evening a bag, or a Diamond necklace, a mysterious color, it gives you a feeling a perspective and depth. Symbolizes elegance and refinement, it is always regarded as a prestigious color[5].
There are three types of colors by which a new color is produced:
– Primary color·
– Secondary color·
– Tertiary color
Primary colors are the building blocks of all the other colors on the spectrum. While what the primary colors are can change depending on what medium you choose to approach them from (color printing’s primary colors differ from those of the light spectrum, for example), this will focus on the traditional primaries as they are presented in art and color theory. Those colors are: red, yellow, and blue. Primary colors are equal distance apart on the color wheel. They are because there is no color combination can create those colors[6].
Secondary colors are made by mixing together two primary colors. Secondary colors are achieved specifically using equal parts of primary colors, as well, meaning you must have just as much of one color as the other to achieve the true look of a secondary color. As with primary colors, these will change depending on how you approach them, but this will cover color theory for consistency. Using this model, we find green (a combination of blue and yellow), orange (a combination of yellow and red), and purple (a combination of blue and red)[6].
Tertiary colors come about when mixing a primary and a secondary color, opening up many different shades of a particular color. Essentially, this means that one primary color is featured in greater amounts than another in a mixture of colors. There are six major tertiary colors with many variations on each. These six are: Vermilion (orange combined with red), magenta (red combined with purple), violet (purple combined with blue), teal (blue combined with green), chartreuse (green combined with yellow), and amber (yellow combined with orange).
December 13, 2017 Professor Ozgercin DACA 1 On June 15, 2012 President Barack Obama gave a brief speech on a new Department of Homeland Security Immigration policy. This new policy will benefit thousands of undocumented students living here in the United States that were brought by their parents since they were young children from their native home. A policy called the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. As President Obama mentioned in his speech about what undocumented students are, he mentioned part of a sentence that got to me. President Obama stated the following, “They are Americans in their heart, in their minds, in every single way but one, on paper” (Obama). This is very true in my point of view, as I have realized exactly just that growing up. As a young boy, I was never told whether or not I was documented or not; whether I was a citizen of where I was growing up or I wasn’t. I was never worried about my legal status in the United States.
Get original essayMy main focus has always been school and progressing to be a well-educated citizen that is part of the United States. That’s how I see myself as, as of today; a citizen of the United States, perhaps not in paper, but in heart. This is the place where I have been raised since the age of two, till today at the age of 17 even knowing that I am undocumented. I love the fact knowing I’m Dominican and will always be by my culture and by a large majority of my family, but that’s not the place I know by heart or grew up. That is not the country that has helped my progress as an individual. It is here in the United States where my hopes and dreams are at for a better future. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals opens job opportunities for undocumented students, avoid being deported back to their native country for at least two years, and give them a sense of hope to apply for college and scholarships, no longer fearing of being denied because they do not have a social security number.
Although the process for this policy will take a while and cost hundreds of dollars, thousands of undocumented students will be thankful for this opportunity given by the Department of Homeland Security Immigration services. As well, as thanking President Obama for making this step by step process a reality. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals also known as the DACA policy was first heard of on June 15, 2012. That day President Obama made a public speech that lasted almost nine minutes long explaining how this will help undocumented students living in the United States since they were young children.
The DACA is NOT a path to citizenship right away, but a sense of relief for undocumented students. This policy will has its requirements to be able to apply for it and be eligible. Around Mid-August of 2012, the Department of Homeland Security Immigration services started receiving about 180,000 applications and 4,500 of those applications were eligible for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy. However, in the first two months “U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services received and accepted for processing 179,794 deferred-action requests” (Fitz, Oakford, Garcia). In order to be eligible an undocumented student must have been living here in the United States before their 16th birthday, be under the age of 31 years of age, were in the United States on June 15, 2012, have proof that they are still attending school or have graduated, serving in the U.S. military, have been living here in the United States for 5 continuous years without leaving the country, and have no felonies, no more than three misdemeanors or significant ones, and not considered a public or national threat.
Proof that can show that you have all those necessary requirements are certificates a student may have received from school, house bills, medical records, even something as simple as old receipts from stores that someone may have. As soon as an undocumented student has all that, they can apply for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy and will most likely be eligible. Undocumented students come from all over the world, not just Dominican Republic, or Spanish speaking countries as many close-minded people believe. It is sad how when someone sees a Hispanic/Latino student they automatically think they are undocumented and are from Mexico. That is not always the case. There are Hispanic/Latino students in the United States that are documented. The reason why many parents risk their life to come here to the United States as an immigrant is because they want a better future for their kids.
Even when they have children in their native country, they try their best to bring them to the United States along with them as young children so they are able to get a better education and life. For their kids to be able to receive and have a life that will be a million times better than the one they would have if they stayed in their native country. Every day I am grateful for the risk my mother took for me. For giving me the chance to grow up in a country where I know I am getting a better education. Where I was taught English as my second language and have mastered it just as much as Spanish that is my native language.
The United States is where I feel like I am home. Although at times I had the fear of being deported, or have racial comments said to, this is still home. Dominican Republic is only the country where I was born at, raised for the first two years of my life, but remember nothing about it except in pictures, and not know how it is to live there personally. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals is a step by step policy that takes in between 4-6 months to process, as well cost hundreds perhaps even thousands of dollars per undocumented student that can apply and be eligible. There a 3 forms that must be filled out and processed to United States Citizenship and Immigration Services to be looked at and be handled case by case. The 3 forms that MUST be filled out are Form I-821D, the Application for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, Form I-765, the Application for Employment Authorization Document (EAD), and lastly Form I-765WS, the Employment Authorization Worksheet. There is also a “recommended, but not mandatory” form which is Form G-1145, the E-Notification of Application/Petition Acceptance .
On top of those forms that need to be filled out, there are fees. Form I-821D has a fee of $465, a $380 work authorization fee, and an $85 fee for biometrics. All of those fees put together, already make a total of $930. Additional fees are getting the birth certificate of the undocumented student translated into English, which is usually around $35 and getting a criminal record to prove that, that student had no felonies, misdemeanors, or are a public or national threat in society, which usually costs $25. There, there are an additional $60 added; for a grand total of $990 spend per undocumented student, almost reaching $1,000. Once all forms, translated birth certificate, criminal record, and the proof necessary that shows that an undocumented students has been here for more than 5 continuous years, still in school, or have already graduated, or are serving in the U.S. military, are gathered together, they are then sent to the United States Citizenship for Immigration Services. There they take a look at case by case that is sent to them.
Afterwards, the student will receive an e-mail 1 to 4 weeks later after sending their applications, where they can take a look of their applications progress. Then, within 2 to 4 months, the student will receive a letter by mail that will have their appointment to go get their biometrics done and the time that they need to be there by. On the day of the appointment, they must bring a type of identification, such as a passport from their native country. Their appointment will be at an Application Support Center also known as an ASC. Lastly, the last thing to do is wait for the approval for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy, the working permit for 2 years, along with a social security number.
Once the 2 years are up, they will have to continually renew their working permit for another 2 years and so on. I have been blessed with the opportunity to be able to go to this process with no problem. Each case may be different for every person, meaning the process may be a long one or a short one. It is just estimated that most will last between 2 to 6 months. With the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy that the Department of Homeland Security Immigration Services gave to many undocumented students with hopes and dreams, this has lifted a weight off of my shoulders The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy, has opened much more opportunities for thousands and thousands of undocumented students and myself. School has always been a main priority, and will always be. I can now make my dreams of going to college a reality and make my mother and family members proud.
All thanks to the Department of Homeland Security Immigration Services and President Barack Obama for giving that public announcement for the whole country to hear what undocumented students can go to help progress this country. We are not a threat, but a help for the country to progress economically.
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Get custom essayWe are DREAMERS that will now make our dreams come true. We are fighting in the nations forces to protect this country. We are citizens of the United States in heart. As President Obama, mentioned in his speech,
Abstract— It is assumed as a difficult mission to relate everything on the earth by means of web, but Internet of Things will immensely change our life’s by agreeing to disagree. The amount of data that is being extracted from Internet of Things tends to be very valuable data. Data Mining can be used to reduce the complexity and improve the efficiency of IoT and Big data. These days, the technique of data mining are equal to some machine learning techniques that uses algorithms in order to detect some hidden events in big data. In this paper some data mining techniques and algorithm are discussed that are used in huge amount of data of IoT, also the related and future work in data mining which are executed with Apche Spark and Hadoop, using MapReduce framework.
Get original essayData mining refers to discovering of patterns in large data sets. With the fast development of the emerging applications like web analysis, community network analysis, there is a drastic increase in the data that is being processed. Internet of things is a new phenomena which provides access to the user to connect sensors and other devices to collect real time data from the environment. Big data is a huge amount of data that is extracted from IoT and is applied to the data that can’t be handled using customary devices. Recently, The Internet of things have gained a rapid advancement where it can control the survey each object on the earth by means of Internet.Data mining is the process of extracting useful and valuable data from large databases for innovating pattern mining which is also referred as Knowledge Discovery in Databases.
Data Mining overrides with other fields like machine learning, statistics, AI but mainly it works with automation of carrying huge amount of information, algorithm and various number of instances. The above figure illustrates the process of data mining which includes Selection, Pre-processing, Transformation, Data mining and Interpretation Evaluation[15]. As the number of web applications are increasing the sensor related information is also being in-creased in the Internet of Things. Due to this enormous expansion of sensors there is a rise in the problem of data handling which comes out to be one of the important issue in IoT framework application. This huge amount of data needs to be filtered and cleaned out so that it is sighted by the user and can be then collected in the form of patterns. Data mining can be stated as a sensible approach to look through huge amount of data and extract valuable information from it.Since today the pattern finding approach was not completely utilized and so the extracted information was static in database. But as the new method of finding pattern emerged, there has been an increment in the usage of information as well which leads to the improvement of business and community aspects. The question that is raised now is, how to convert the data that is extracted from IoT into some valuable knowledge. In daily routine everyone of us have become reliable on IoT with the handy technologies, instruments etc. As the IoT is integrated with the networks, it provides us with a clear intension of reducing the complexity of monitoring the things around which will provide us with huge amount of data. Data mining is used here to make this IoT more intelligent which requires lots of data analysis [5].
Big data deals with complex large volume of data sets with their multiple sources. As the development of data storage and networking technologies are increasing rapidly, there is a rapid expansion of Big Data in the field of science and engineering and also in biomedical sciences. At present many industries can use Big Data to get valuable data [13].
There is a need of intensive computing systems and units in the data mining system to gain accuracy in examining the data stored in the systems. So, to achieve this they work with two resources, the processors of the system and the information. The algorithms for data mining are redesigned so they can used to collect data from different sources in the system and parallel mining processes can be implemented. Algorithms such a K-means, parallel classifier, parallel association rule mining are all used in the processing of distributed data.
The process of Big Data can be categorized in three parts,
(1) Data Privacy and knowledge
(2) Algorithms for Big Data Mining
(3) Data Access.
3) The shuffle function: The resulted output of map function is sent to the reduce step where it is assigned with new key value and the data with same key are moved to worker node.
As the volume of data is increasing the complexity of data mining algorithm is also on the run, complexity of machine learning, statistics increases because of the large datasets. MapReduce Algorithm, Apache Spark annd Apache Hadoop are the methods that have been implemented for Big Data.
A. MapReduce
MapReduce is a programming model or a framework that is used in implementation an processing of generating big data sets with both parallel and distributed algorithms on a cluster. Feng Li et al came out with wide range of proposals and process that focuses on distributed data management and implementation using MapReduce framework[7]. The two MapReduce kernel elements that are used in programming model are the mappers and reducers. Map function gener-ates temporary key/value pairs whereas the reduce function combines the values of the key. MapReduce makes sure that every job node of map and reduce are not dependent on their parallel job nodes that operates using different data and key [12].
Map(), shuffling() and Reduce() are the main function of MapReduce.
1) Map(): Map function works with local data of worker node or the map and generates an output data in the tem-porary storage containing key/value pairs like (k1, v1),(k2, v2)... Master node is used to combine all the output key value.
2) Reduce Function: This function processes node data in parallel with other node data and performs appropriate reduce job on it which runs only once on every k2 value.
B. Apache Spark
Apache Spark is an open source cluster framework and is built as a section of Hadoop architecture. Spark is the first distributed framework that supports the use of programming language in processing and computing big data on cluster nodes. There are three components that are implemented in spark that are spark context, parallel operation, resilient distributed datasets.
1) Resilient Distributed datasets:: Resilient distributed Datasets are termed as Apache Sparks data abstraction, and the features they hold are responsible for their significant accuracy. RDD is a huge collection of objects that are separated and dispersed to Hadoop cluster nodes by spark. RDD are read only datasets, languages such as Java, Scala etc are used to demonstrate the RDD object of Spark. The object of RDD can be implemented in three ways, by storing in HDFS, by using SparkContextParallelize() method, by using flatMap or mapcomputing transformation operations. The storage level of RDD are DISK ONLY, MEMORY AND DISK, MEMORY ONLY 2 etc.
2) SparkContext: : A SparkContext is a connection to a Spark cluster, which is used to create RDDs and send variables on that cluster. It can be developed using various cluster managers like Mesos,Yarn or it can use its own cluster manager.
3) Parallel Operation: : The parallel operations that are performed on RDD by spark includes Transformations and Actions. Transformations create a new RDD by transferring every element of RDD to a function that i user defined by performing some operation. Action provides with the desired result given to the driver program[12].
C. Apache Hadoop
. Collection of open-source programming models is a process done by Apache Hadoop that is encouraged using a network consisting of various networks from many comput-ers to solve the problems that includes huge amount of data. Processing of big data using the MapReduce programming model is proposed by Apache Hadoop.
Anita Brigit Mathew et al proposed a new indexing design approach which is names a LIndex and HIndex which provides support to the HDFS index and MapReduce system without altering the existing Hadoop framework[8]. In every big company data plays a very important role, as it take a lot of time to process the data in real-time as well as in historical context.To overcome this issue the researchers came out with some solution which showed the performance comparison of solution for data in Hadoop. It provided a wide area for researches to take the work to a great extent of Big Data. Hadoop is divided into two parts HDFS and MapReduce Framework.
JobTracker submits the work. TaskTracker is monitored. When a task fails the TaskTracker notifies the JobTracker. When task Completed JobTracker updates the status. Client Application now gets the information from Job Tracker.
Internet of Things rapidly gained its popularity in recent years. It can control, identify each and every thing on the earth with the help of Internet. The concept of IoT was invented in 1999 by Kevin Ashton[9].
1) HDFS: : HDFS is mainly used to increase the number of hadoop clusters to hundreds and thousands of nodes. The huge amount of data in cluster nodes node is partitioned into number of small pieces which is called as blocks and it is spread in all other nodes. The input file is divided into number of bocks having default size of 64MB, and on disk file it is 512bytes, and for relation database it is 4KB to 32KB.
D. Job Tracker:
The JobTracker is a service in Hadoop which carries out the MapReduce tasks for a specific node in the cluster. Jobs are submitted to the job tracker by Client applications. NameNode helps JobTracker to determine the location of the data. TaskTracker node is located by JObTracker at near by
Data Mining is also called as Knowledge Discovery from data, it is an automated extraction of patterns which represents knowledge that is captured in large databases, warehouses and other massive information or data streams. KDD is used in various domains to gather hidden information from the data, it proved out to be a strong base of many informations system. Iot gathers data from several places which may contains data for itself. When KDD works with IoT, the collected data by IoT is converted into some useful information that is later converted into ”Knowledge”[2]. It is important to keep a track of KDD procedures as they have affect the previous stage of mining. Not all parts of information are important for mining, for which highlight determination is used to select some valuable data from each records in the database for mining.
A. Basic Idea of Using data Mining for IoT
Creating a data is more simpler that analyzing the data. Number of studies have been done to solve the problem of big data on IoT. The possible solution that can be seen is applying KDD to Iot with respect of hardware and cloud
computing. For a high-performance data mining KDD mod-ule for IoT, three major aspects that needs to be implemented to solve be solved by KDD which are as below[14].
Objective(O): There has to be a clear assumptions, measurements of the problem and a clear limitation.
Data(D): The characteristics of Data like the size, distribution and the representations is the second most important aspect in Data Mining.
Mining Algorithm(A): With the Objectives and Data, data mining algorithm can clearly be determined.
B. Data Mining for IoT Applications
As the IoT devices and the Internet sensors are growing rapidly, there is an increase in the applications related to this field. Applications like Smart City which includes traffic control, residential E-meters, Pipeline Leak Detection and app like health care etc are successful till now[10].
C. A Hybrid Data Mining Algorithm
There are many methods introduced to solve the problem of classification, out of which one is the hybrid classifier which is implemented by combining non-evolutionary and evolutionary algorithm[14].
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Get custom essayIn this article various Data mining Technologies have been suggested with IoT and Big Data which is implemented using various algorithms. Firstly the paper includes the concept of Data Mining which includes the concept of Big Data Mining. Secondly various data minng existing algorithms have been discussed which are implemented using some big data methods like Apache Hadoop, MapReduce and Apache Spark with a hybrid Data Mining algorithm. Moreover, there is a deep survey on last five year’s paper which includes the current algorithms which is used to implement large amount of data. Hadoop is the first invented Big data method, whereas apache spark is newly introduced. this paper also includes the Data mining techniques used for IoT which includes clustering and pattern mining technologies. The IoT developement is a new and on going process. The data mining algorithm needs a modification in its mathematical operations or by combining some algorithms known as hyrid approach or by implemented a parallel approach on Hadoop and Spark. So, this paper gives a overall view of the data mining techniques for Big data and IoT.
Effective communication illustrates the importance of exchanging thoughts, ideas, and knowledge. It is the purpose or aims to understand the emotions regarding information about others. In the healthcare setting, it is crucial that getting in contact with patients' preferences and needs, as well as making sure that they are well-informed, provide knowledgeable and up-to-date resolution, and meet their needs and preferences. This essay will discuss the needs of Mr. Jones and display the importance of effective communication. In the beginning is the aim to talk about Mr. Jones's preferences and needs, in order to support him well, as well as identify how effective communication makes an appearance, and how to overcome the barriers. Lastly, to identify how verbal and non-verbal communication will be covered and connect it to Mr. Jones. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) is an incurable disorder that affects the lungs and is titled for various lung conditions which cause difficulties in breathing middle-age or older people are largely affected by this disease due to smoking symptoms tend to grow progressively more severe causing problems in daily life but this disorder can be supported. 47-year-old Mr. Jones is diagnosed with COPD which gets him a visit to the hospital a lot of times but days went by and his condition was getting more intense stating that Mr. Jones needs support from workers when he is at home top.
Get original essayThere are numerous reasons why it is important that care professionals communicate with Mr. Jones effectively because Mr. Jones has trouble breathing and can't talk for a long period of time, so him being in the hospital will make him feel very anxious and nervous because he will feel pressured in communicating with health care professionals due to his weak breathing problems. According to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, over 3 million people have COPD. The treatment will prevent individuals from not enjoying their daily lives, due to how the lung is functioning and will cause harmful breathing problems. For Mr. Jones his everyday routine will change, for example, he will quit his job, because the effort in walking to his car is extremely hard for him and he could possibly lose his breath.
To illustrate, Mr. Jones communicating with Mr. Jones effectively will initially build great trust with him. Mr. Jones feels very nervous around people he does not know probably, so in order for him to trust them, healthcare professionals will need to ensure that they are positively communicating with him, making sure that he feels very protected around them, without positive communication, Mr. Jones will not feel safe to open up. In order for Mr. Jones to gain confidence is to be able to keep eye contact with him making sure that when you speak to him you can be able to be face-to-face with him while interacting and talking to him. This will allow him to interact a lot easier with the health care professionals without feeling nervous and be able to communicate and explain complicated thoughts in clear terms. Also making sure you give him a lot more time to speak because of his breathing problem and that you do not pressure him to speak, but give him more time in expressing his feeling and opening up more. If he is nervous to talk, he can text his answers so that he does not feel pressured, but rather passionate and confident, if care professionals approach Mr. Jones in a pleasant way, speaking calmly to him and making sure that he understands what is going on and that he feels safe, he might want to come back again, because he feels safer in that environment.
It is vital to determine Mr. Jones' communication preferences, as well as his needs since healthcare experts need to keep a care plan for Mr. Jones in order for them to keep up with his demands and wishes. This will guarantee that they are prioritising Mr. Jones' desires and preferences, making sure that he is the centre of care. The incurable disease that Mr. Jones is diagnosed with is very tough and hard because he has COPD, which causes breathing problems to happen, and also gets tired very quickly. It would be tremendously hard for Mr. Jones to share his difficulties with the nurses and doctors, due to difficulty in breathing. The way healthcare professionals determine Mr. Jones' communication skills, and ensure that they meet his preferences and needs is to create a suitable care plan for Mr. Jones or read his previous care plans, equally important, care professionals can identify Mr. Jones communication preferences, by talking to him in short sentences, this will have Mr. Jones talk slower back, and it will display Mr. Jones that they are understanding him, which will lead in becoming confident or communicate, by texting and making sure to involve him in decision making regarding his medication, but at the same time it is vigorous that professionals establish Mr. Jones' needs and preferences so that the awareness of what he likes or dislikes are mentioned, this is so that Mr. Jones feels empowered and the allowance of engaging and being involved in communication. The way healthcare professionals will gain evidence regarding the preferences of Mr. Jones is first and foremost, to have good communication, so that opening up wouldn't be that challenging for him.
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (1943) theory, the creation to express enthusiasm and inspiration. The theory of human safety needs is centred on personal growth and in search of satisfaction and changes all through personal growth, it contains ‘emotional, physical and emotional safety protection’. In that case, the most accomplished need being ‘love and belonging needs’, relating this theory back to Mr. Jones, it is vital that interacting and making sure that healthcare professionals have a great bond with him, and also that his choices are understood, if not, it could affect Mr. Jones self-esteem, and would make him feel not valued and not important shows that health care professionals have not done person-centered approach right, because causing this will have Mr. Jones not have self-worth, which can make him depressed.
Services and resources are various ways to promote effective communication, healthcare professionals will need to avoid misinterpretation and uncertainly. It is good that you involve Mr. Jones in decision-making and also ensure that he understands what is going on so that he is not excluded. Furthermore, a person-centered approach can help healthcare professionals and patients to cooperate and work together, this is the part where Mr. Jones will need to take part in identifying areas that he needs support on and also making sure that their wishes and preferences are recognised. Pulmonary rehabilitation is for patients who have a lung condition. It is a treatment program that can help an individual remain active if you have COPD. It is designed for people who have breathing problems, it is a 6 to 8-week course, with 2 sessions of about 2 hours a week. It is based around patients' needs and can take place in various of health centres. This treatment can help Mr. Jones in various ways, for example, it can help him with his breathing problems, which can potentially change his life, and also it can help him verbally by speaking to individuals around and it would be a positive environment because Mr. Jones is surrounded by people that have the same condition as him, if he attends the treatment, he can become more positive and confident.
There are different barriers that are affecting Mr. Jones to communicate effectively, one of the barriers is, tiredness. When Mr. Jones is communicating with health care professionals, he tends to get very tired and gets out of breath when he talks, this is due to his breathing problems. Indeed, the way care professionals can overcome this barrier and support Mr. Jones in the best way possible, is firstly, to provide him with an inhaler. According to Pulmonary Medicine, up to 30% of patients with COPD uses inhalers. Care professionals will provide him with suitable inhalers for Mr. Jones. Moreover, this can help Mr. Jones in communicating without losing his breath and it would not be too rough for him to talk.
The second barrier that Mr. Jones can face is having anxiety when communicating. Anxiety is a common emotion that happens to individuals regularly who are diagnosed with it, it leads to people feeling worried or very nervous. For example, if an individual has a doctor's appointment, it will make the person very terrified to go feeling very anxious, also it can lead to isolation and wanting to be left alone). As mentioned by NHS in 2017, over 1 million people went to therapists due to having anxiety. A solution for Mr. Jones, it will be good for him to go to therapy and explore his feelings, opening up and talking about his emotions. Also, he will be unable to speak and communicate, he can use his mobile phone instead, which can reduce his stress and anxiety. If Mr. Jones wants to be left alone, do not want to communicate, it is essential to take that as considered and make sure to leave him alone and have time off himself, all this is very hard for Mr. Jones to take in and the last thing he probably wants is to be left alone, or with his family.
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Get custom essayLastly, the barrier that Mr. Jones is facing is due to the environment around him. This is when he goes to his appointments and this causes him to feel concerned and anxious which then builds up his anxiety. Healthcare professionals can help Mr. Jones in many ways, first of all, they will need to adapt to his needs, this is by asking him what is best for him, asking him if he wants his wife with him, healthcare professionals will provide good support for him so that he can become more confident in coming into his appointment.
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Learning and Growth
Johnson and Johnson sales revenue has a potential to increase. Increased investment in innovation and research will help ensure that more products are produced at a cheaper price. The number of outlets all over the world can be increased to ensure that it faces of competitors like Novartis. Advertisement in the media and especially in developing countries on new brands and products also need to be intensified to increase sales. The pharmaceutical industry has room for expansion and is still promising for more investment (Miletsky & Callander, 2009).
The company also needs to reduce its cost to ensure increased profitability. The growing cost of production as a result of scarce raw materials has led to increased manufacturing costs. Acquiring of cheaper but quality materials are essential for cost reduction. Partnership and acquisitions help in reducing production costs (Miletsky & Callander, 2009). The marketing costs need to be reduced with more focus on the new markets as a way of increasing sales.
Intensified marketing in new areas is necessary to help raise more revenue and increase the ROE. Most African countries have a promising economy and growth in pharmaceuticals. Marketing methods used include prints and mostly the media. The industry has received increased competition in the sector over the years with expansion in countries like India and China making advertisements important in ensuring high profits.
Customer satisfaction and retention have always been the company’s mission through quality service and products. Johnson & Johnson has a potential to increase its market share given its 125 years of experience. It successfully came back to business after the Tylenol crisis led to the death of seven people in Chicago. Increased high-quality services through innovation and research will ensure profitability is improved. Its growth is dependent on research and better research policies help enhance the productivity of the company enabling it to scale the heights of the pharmaceutical industry. Budgetary allocation for technology and research should be increased, and more specialized and experienced employees employed to meet the growing demand for better services and product (Miletsky & Callander, 2009).
Delivery of finished goods to customers and resources must meet demand. An effective supply chain management of the company is necessary for ensuring that all regions get ample supply of the products (Dwivedi & Butcher, 2009). Resources are important in effecting a fast manufacturing process. Increased online purchases must have an adequate supply. Shipment to far countries and locations can be made easier through regional plants that are crucial in ensuring continuous and efficient supply (Miletsky & Callander, 2009). Communication is important in supply management, and an effective supply chain is necessary to have the best in the provision of finished products to customers.
Increased production and quality also depend on the equipment. The medical field is constantly updating its resources and equipment and an improvement in the equipment will ensure that the better products are produced. Investment in machines increases customer satisfaction through better products and services. The company has a wider market to serve in the very competitive field, and quality service delivery is essential to any production process. The increase in budgetary allocation for new machinery will help reduce production costs through faster production.
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Get custom essayEmployee satisfaction will ensure continued loyalty for the company. The employees need motivation and increased wages to ensure loyalty. Demand for more experts in the sector is growing over the years, and competition for a skilled workforce is high. The company, therefore, needs to increase continuously its salaries to employees yearly and provide a better-working environment for its workforce. Retention of workers is essential to ensuring protection of company secrets.