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Socrates was considered the foremost philosopher in ancient times. He believed that you can really know who you are, what is good and what is bad, only with the help of philosophy, namely a specific approach to the evaluation of knowledge. The topic for this essay about knowing yourself is to evaluate Socrates' approach of understanding yourself through learning the world you live in.

Socrates was a known critic of intellectuals during his time, but he did not call himself as wise, rather, he considered himself as midwife that helped exploring minds achieve wisdom. He also believed that philosophy could have a man to live a life of virtue. And that knowledge is a virtue. He states that to know what is good is to do what is good which means if you were not doing the good, you were not knowing it. He formulated the Socratic Method which examines a topic by coming up with questions that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views in regards with the topic.

In life, people strive hard to reach their goals in life. But there are times that they fall for it seems to be hard for them to have it. And sometimes the fall into other place wherein they did not expect that they are actually good at it. Socrate states that people must know themselves for them to be able to live in accordance with who they are. I totally agree with his statement. I strongly believe that in order for us to live our lives to the fullest is by doing what we really are good at. As what Socrates stated as well, the more a person knows, the greater his or her ability to reason or make choices that will bring us true happiness. Which simply means by knowing yourself means acquiring true happiness.

As what I have observed with people nowadays, they do things that they do not like just to survive. Mostly with people now, instead of knowing what they really are and what they are really good at, they focus on ensuring their survival. Like for example this pandemic that our country is currently facing right now. People would rather find different ways to survive. A lot of people sacrificed their dreams to be able to live longer. They sacrificed the things that they are really good at. There are many hindrances that would stop us to do what we really love. There are different challenges that would delay us to achieve our goals. It would take a lot of pain and tears to fully have them. But having them is like living your life fruitfully. That is why each and every sacrifices that we make, would all be worth it.

Socrates also formulated a method which examines a topic by coming up with questions which would help us, learners, to examine and analyze it for better knowledge and views in life. This basically means that in every situation, we need to question it, analyze it to know it deeply. Because he stated that to know what is good is to do what is good. Basically means, you are doing it because you knew it’s the good thing to do. Because if you are doing it even though you knew it is not good, then you are not knowing it. Because in reality, people do things because it’s convenient. Not minding if it’s right or wrong. It is because they don’t fully know and understand themselves.

That is why we should live in accordance with who we are so we can fully see and feel the true happiness. Because as what Socrates stated, “know yourself for the unexamined life is not worth living.” Which means living who we are is must thing to do. 

Table of contents

1. Introduction
Main Body
2. Conclusion

Introduction

The software development is becoming a critical tool to achieve better efficiencies and to improve businesses productivity. This assignment aims to explain the main trends in which technology is being used and developed to help many organizations to achieve their strategic goals. The industrial environment is shifting to better technologies as is needed to “produce more with less” because of the limitations of the resources availability and the rising demand for products and services. With this shifts in the industrial landscape arise the need for new products as well as new ways to produce them with a sustainable approach.

The software development is influencing a lot of industries, take as an example the artificial intelligence advances in the automotive industry, there are a lot of development aimed to automate the driving experience. The AI is causing a new industrial revolution; the “Industries 4.0” in which the pull models is initiated by the customer.

This assignment take in consideration 3 examples of how many organizations are making use of the IT technological advances to reduce their impact on the environment. First, the SAP enterprise which is the larger Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software corporation, secondly the PUMA company, which is known worldwide because of the shoes and apparel they produced and The Heineken Company a worldwide brewery which has operations in all the continents

Main Body

The software development is a critical factor in the innovation disruption of many industries, for example in the automotive value chain the advances in artificial intelligence (AI) is creating new opportunities to create business value via electric-autonomous-connected vehicles (Corporate Innovation 2015). Besides this, the innovation in software has managed to reduce carbon emissions of many transportation modes via tests automation (Shaw 1990).

On the other hand, with the tech environment in lasts years have emerged a new kind of industry, the “Industries 4.0”. The term “Industries 4.0” was coined in Germany and refers to the fourth industrial revolution. The first revolution was in the XVIII century with the invention of the vapour machine, the second one was in the middle of the XIX century with the creation of the assembly line and the third one was in late XX century via the operation control through a programmed computer. (Drath 2014)

One key technology that is being used in many organizations to automate, and increase operations efficiencies is the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software. The ERP system helps companies to integrate its operations throughout the entire supply chain and the product lifecycle, from the design phase to the end-of-life process, from the resource management to the final delivery. The ERP solutions, (Finance, HR, production assets, inventories, manufactured goods) automates business processes, customer relationship management (Brand, customers, campaigns), product lifecycle management (Products, bill of material), supplier relationship management (Contracts, suppliers) and the supply chain management (Logistics, transportation assets) (Monk 2012).

One benefit of this software is that it allows to measure and control the pollution generated which can be used to establish strategic objectives. By stating a relative target, the enterprise could reduce carbon emissions per revenue, per production, per employee or even per year, on the other hand, by stating absolute targets the enterprise could cut emissions by a defined criteria bearing in mind a time framed scenario (Monk 2012). With this in mind, organizations are using the software development to monitor the impact of their operations in their environment.

These initiatives are framed within term “Green IT”. By definition “Green IT” implies to run data centers, client infrastructure, networks, storage, and communications with minimal impact on the environment and they ensure a socially responsible supply chain. In other words, it aims to boost energy efficiency during the product's lifetime and renewably powered IT, embrace recyclability, waste reduction and reducing the use of hazardous materials. One of the benefits of this approach is reducing IT costs significally (Murugesan 2008)

Another “Green IT” initiative has to do with the “Green software development model”. A study from 2012 discusses the changes in the existing Software development lifecycle (SDLC) and suggests a few processes to lower carbon emissions, power and paper use, thus “helping organizations to move towards greener and sustainable software development”. (Shenoy 2011)

In regards of the energy efficiency, the advances in IT, which include cloud transition, site selection and electricity reduction, are aiming to use low-energy hardware, server virtualization and adaptive computing to reduce the environmental impact, for example, better use of hardware and applications and less CO2 emissions (Murugesan 2008)

Another way to reduce the environmental impact in Green IT is dematerialization, which consists of virtual collaboration. The trends in this area are about changing the travel culture, organizational complexity and customer relationship, collaboration tools, apps and utilization reports. The immediate impact of these initiatives are fewer flights, gas emissions, and costs, shorter reaction times and better work-life balance for hired workforce (Murugesan 2008)

One important way that IT has helped organizations to reduce their emissions is via telework and teleconferencing as both approaches can substitute travel. The results of study made in 2011 indicate that an organization can “significantly reduce its environmental impact and costs, by actively using the applications as tools to reduce travel”. (Arnfalk 1999)

Another great trend in IT development has to do with Sustainable Enterprise Resource Planning (S-ERP) as this initiative addresses the issue that sustainability data is not “sufficiently integrated and used for decision making”. In a study from 2014, the Sustainable Enterprise Resource Planning (S-ERP) system was proposed as a holistic solution to support sustainability goals in organizations. The S-ERP systems' life cycle and identified six key areas include: concept, system design, pre-implementation, implementation, post-implementation, and system extension similar to the business processes mentioned before and propose S-ERP system appears as a “promising solution to solve integration problems in sustainability” (Chofreh 2014)

The sustainability approach to reduce pollution from operations by applying new technologies is not new, as a study from 1999 suggests from the Academy of Management Journal the “management of the natural environment is becoming an increasingly important issue to manufacturing firms”, they proposed “The environmental Technology Portfolio” as construct based in the resource-based view of the firm and manufacturing strategy. The authors found that the technology significantly affect both manufacturing and environmental performance for the sample of manufacturing plants (Klassen 1999). These initiatives are framed in the shifts of the industrial environment; since resources and energy are finite, there is the need to improve business productivity with new technologies that able organizations to produce “more with less”. (Chryssolouris 2008)

One example of this can be observed in one of the ERP Software Company, SAP, which is the market leader in enterprise application software, they help organizations to streamline their processes, by giving them the ability to use live data to predict customer trends. According to the 2015 integrated report, they “made significant progress toward our goals for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions”, by using digitalization and green technology trends. They are reducing their energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Their goal is to reduce the net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from operations to levels of the year 2000 by 2020. They are working to reduce emissions through three primary approaches: increasing operational efficiency combined with innovative approaches; purchasing high-quality renewable electricity certificates; and investing in high-quality carbon credits. Their total net emissions decreased to 455 kilotons CO2 (2014: 500 kilotons). This decrease stems primarily from a reduction of business flights and compensation with carbon emission offsets. (SAP 2015). Since 2007 they have managed to reduce these emissions per € revenue in 50% and 20% in global terms.

Another example of the implementation of technology to reduce pollution is PUMA. According to the environmental profit and loss account they say;

“Our operations and supply chain depend on nature for services such as fresh water, clean air, healthy biodiversity and productive land. The PUMA E P&L is the first attempt to measure the immense value of these services to our business, and the true costs of our business’s impacts on nature by placing a monetary value on them along our entire value chain.” (Puma 2011)

By accounting the environmental impact of their operations, they can make use of the developed technologies to reduce water use, for example. In the figure 2, a representation of resources use is estimated in monetary value. (Puma 2011)

A third great example is the Heineken Company, which by making use of Green IT managed to reduce 45% of the emissions of their fridges by purchasing “green fridges”. One other goal they achieved was to reduce 36% of their emissions compared with 2008 and they have planned to reduce CO2 emissions from distribution (transportations through a truck fleet to end customers) by 20% in Europe and the Americas. (The Heineken Company 2015)

According to Forbes, BMW, the car manufacturer is the most sustainable business of 2015, as they are developing new software technologies that allow them to achieve “efficient use of water, energy, and lack of waste”. This approach is supported from the high-level management as its “responsible approach to paying taxes, large innovation investments, low employee turnover, and low CEO-to-average-worker pay ratio” helps them to be aligned with sustainable goals throughout the entire organization (Forbes 2016). The BMW Group will reduce its resource consumption (energy, water, waste, solvents) per vehicle produced by 45% by 2020. The main initiatives to achieve these goals are based on improvement in their software to better operations efficiencies. (The BMW Group 2015)

As a result, with the rise of new technologies from the 4 industrial revolutions said before it also emerged new flows of pollution, so more technology has translated into more pollution, however, as stated before, there are new trends that aim to reduce the pollution generated by improving the businesses’ productivity, which means producing more outputs with less inputs, therefore reducing the environmental impact and the pollution generated

Conclusion

The advances in technologies have caused 4 industrial revolutions, the first one with the invention of the vapour machine, the second one by the invention of the assembly line, the third with the process’ automation via computer use and the recent one based on the development of the internet of things. With the implementation of each of these technologies arise pollution, so more technology means more pollution, beside this there is a double need to increase business productivity. First, resources are finite and second there is a global increase in the demand of products and services. Consequently, many organizations are investing in software technologies like enterprise resource planning (ERP) and sustainable enterprise resource planning (S-ERP) to help them capitalize new opportunities as well as to improve their productivity and their processes’ efficiencies.

Among these initiatives is the “Green IT” approach, which aims to the use of the technology to increase energy efficiency by implementing practices like telepresence, telework or teleconferencing to reduce the carbon emissions due to transport needs. This particular effort is known as dematerialization

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This assignment also explained how 4 companies are making use of technology to achieve their strategic sustainable goals. The ERP leader, SAP, reduced their carbon emissions by implementing telepresence and telework applications, using digitalization and green technology trends. Their goal is to reduce the net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from operations to levels of the year 2000 by 2020. The shoe and apparel manufacturer PUMA is using IT to estimate a monetary value of their operations in regards of the resources used, as their “operations and supply chain depend on nature for services such as fresh water, clean air, healthy biodiversity and productive land”. The Heineken Company, used IT to apply a fridge purchase program to achieve a new 100%-green fridge network and also managed to achieve the reduction of 36% of their emissions compared with 2008. Lastly, it was explained that the most sustainable enterprise of 2015 was The BMW group as the approach on new software technologies allowed them to achieve “efficient use of water, energy, and lack of waste”

Sports puts the “learning while doing” concept to use. Whether it is scoring a goal in football or shooting a ball in the basketball net, or hitting the shuttlecock at the right time during a game of badminton, all require focus. Sport teaches you how important timing is. It also boosts our observational skills. It makes our brain work faster by making us take decisions about movement, striking, changing direction etc. We try to understand the opponent’s strategy. We try to predict their next move. And all of this requires focus and reminds us of the need to focus in order to win or do well. Team sports are about so much more than their physical benefits. This is especially so when group sports activities are incorporated into a young person’s life. Studies have shown a direct correlation between physical activity and academic performance. A University of Kansas study looking at the performance of students in grades 9 to 12 showed that more than 97% of student-athletes graduated high school, 10% higher than those students who had never participated in sports. Athletes were also shown to have better G.P.A. outcomes than non-athletes. This might have to do with the increased cognitive ability that comes from playing sports.

Physical activity naturally increases blood flow to the brain and activates endorphins, chemicals that are released when you exercise. Endorphins can impact your mood and work performance, meaning athletes may be more willing and capable of tackling that next big problem. Given that the brain is responsible for both mental processes and physical actions of the human body, brain health is important across the lifespan. In adults, brain health, representing the absence of disease and optimal structure and function, is measured in terms of quality of life and effective functioning in activities of daily living. In children, brain health can be measured in terms of the successful development of attention, on-task behavior, memory, and academic performance in an educational setting. This chapter reviews the findings of recent research regarding the contribution of engagement in physical activity and the attainment of a health-enhancing level of physical fitness to cognitive and brain health in children.

Correlational research examining the relationship among academic performance, physical fitness, and physical activity also is described. Because research in older adults has served as a model for understanding the effects of physical activity and fitness on the developing brain during childhood, adult research is briefly discussed. The short- and long-term cognitive benefits of both a single session of and regular participation in physical activity are summarized. Team sports can also help with emotional development. Research published by the Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute states that exercise can lead to a unique state of short-term relaxation. That relaxation can promote increased concentration, better memory, enhanced creativity, more effective problem solving, and an improved mood — all benefits that will extend into the classroom. Team athletes are constantly working with a slate of other people, many of whom can become positive role models along the way. Team sports foster mentorship between older players and younger players, coaches, and athletes, and more. Coaches, in particular, can play an important role in a young athlete’s life. Players who have positive sports mentors when they’re young are also more likely to seek effective role models throughout their life. Several studies have proven that being active and playing sports improve a child’s academic performance. A study conducted among Nebraska students from grade four to grade eight determined that the more aerobically fit a child was, the better his grades were.

According to the Institute of Medicine, California, students who did not fall into a “healthy fitness zone” did not score as well academically as students who were fit. Another paper “Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance” by François Trudeau and Roy J Shephard published in the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2008 concludes: “Given competent providers, physical activity can be added to the school curriculum by taking time from other subjects without risk of hindering student academic achievement. On the other hand, adding time to “academic” or “curricular” subjects by taking time from physical education programmes does not enhance grades in these subjects and may be detrimental to health.

Works Cited

1. Chaddock-Heyman, L., Erickson, K. I., Voss, M. W., Knecht, A. M., Pontifex, M. B., Castelli, D. M., Hillman, C. H., & Kramer, A. F. (2014). The effects of physical activity on functional MRI activation associated with cognitive control in children: a randomized controlled intervention. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 1-13.
2. Institute of Medicine. (2013). Educating the student body: Taking physical activity and physical education to school. National Academies Press.
3. Lundvall, S., Hassmén, P., & Davis, L. (2018). The impact of team sports on children's emotional development: potential benefits and drawbacks. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 9(1), 1-10.
4. Trudeau, F., & Shephard, R. J. (2008). Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5(1), 1-12.
5. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2015). Quality physical education: Guidelines for policy-makers. UNESCO Publishing.
6. Van der Fels, I. M. J., Te Wierike, S. C. M., Hartman, E., & Elferink-Gemser, M. T. (2015). The relationship between motor skills and cognitive skills in 4-16 year old typically developing children: A systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(6), 697-703.
7. Weiss, M. R., & Amorose, A. J. (2008). Children's motivation for participation in and withdrawal from sport: Identifying the missing links. Pediatric Exercise Science, 20(4), 506-518.
8. Willis, L. H., Slentz, C. A., Bateman, L. A., Shields, A. T., Piner, L. W., Bales, C. W., Houmard, J. A., & Kraus, W. E. (2012). Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults. Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(12), 1831-1837.
9. Young, J. (2015). The benefits of team sports for children. AboutKidsHealth. https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/Article?contentid=852&language=English
10. Zhu, X., Yin, S., Lang, M., He, R., Li, J., & Liu, J. (2019). The more you learn, the more you earn? The effects of education on cognitive and neural function. Current Opinion in Psychology, 27, 41-47.

Women are biologically more likely to become infected than men if exposed to a sexually transmitted pathogen. Many STIs are transmitted more easily from man to woman than from woman to man. For example, the risk to a woman of getting Gonorrhoea from a single act of intercourse with an infected male partner could as high as 60 to 90 percent, while transmission from an infected woman to man is about 20 to 30 percent.

STIs are often asymptomatic in women, especially in gonorrhea and chlamydia. For example, in women with gonorrhea, 30 to 80 percent of them are asymptomatic, while less than 5 percent of men are asymptomatic. Similarly, as many as 85 percents of women with chlamydial infection are asymptomatic compared to 40 percent of infected. When an STI is suspected, it is often more difficult to diagnose in a woman because the anatomy of the female genital tract makes clinical examination more difficult. For example, a urethral swab and a Gram stain are sufficient to evaluate the possibility of gonorrhea in men, but a speculum examination of the cervix and a specific culture for gonorrhea have been required for women. Thus, women with gonorrhea or chlamydial infection are often not diagnosed with an STI until complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, occur.

According to the article ‘Disproportionate Impact of Sexually Transmitted Diseases on Women’ published by CDC, women have a higher risk of acquiring STI due to social norms and constructs. It says culturally, men are expected to have multiple sexual partners including sex workers without risking judgment from their social peers while women may feel they would face abuse if they refuse sex or ask for protection. This behavior effectively puts women at higher risk of acquiring STIs.Prevalence of Sexually transmitted infections in young adults and women under 25 years old are at the greatest risk of acquiring an STI for several reasons. The main one being that they are more likely to have unprotected sex with multiple partners. In addition, young people are at greater risk for substance abuse and other contributing factors that may increase the risk for STIs.

Although overall rates of gonorrhea have been declining in the general population for over a decade, this decline has been less pronounced among adolescents than in other age groups. The chlamydial infection has been consistently high among young adults; in some studies, up to 30-40 percent of sexually active adolescent females have been infected. Women are more likely to be infected than men because of their increased cervical ectopy. Cervical ectopy refers to columnar cells, is located on the outer surface of the cervix. Although this is a normal finding in adolescent and young women, these cells are more susceptible to infection. The higher prevalence of STIs among adolescents may also be due to having trouble accessing STI prevention and management services like lack of transportation, long waiting times, clinic hours clashing with school time, embarrassment attached to seeking STI services, a method of specimen collection, and concerns about confidentiality.

Table of contents

2. Brief history of eBay
3. Conclusion

eBay strive in the global marketplace

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-How does the Characteristics of digital media have supported eBay’s growth?

-How strategic decisions have supported eBay growth?

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Answer:

It is very important we know the meaning of some terms we are discussing in relation to this context such as;

• eBay
• Global
• Marketplace,
• Digital media
• Growth
• Strategic Decisions.

eBay: In a simple term is an online platform (auction and shopping websites) where individuals, manufacturers (producers) and businesses meet to buy and sell their goods and services, exchanges informations with the aid of Internet and digital media reaching worldwide.

The Platform brings millions of people online every day, on a local, National and International basis using different websites that focus on e-commerce, how payment can be made easily and communicate with one another.

Marketplace: Any place or medium where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods and services is a marketplace.

In this Context Marketplace is online using the Internet.

Digital Media: According to Advance dictionary “Digital Media are any media that are encoded in a machine-readable format”.

Digital Media can be created, viewed, distributed, modified and preserved on a digital electronics device such as computers, flash drives, external hard disk drives, Mobile smart Phones, online and on cloud.

Growth: In this context simply refers to as increase, yielding or profitability.

Strategic Decision: These are decisions taken by organization or business managements which every employee of the organization must abide to achieve the organization objective, mission and vision.

Brief history of eBay

eBay was founded by Pierre Omideeyar in September 1995 at San Jose. His objectives and goals was to create a marketplace for the sale of goods and services for individuals, organisations and businesses.

Pierre and his cofounder Jeff Skoll engaged Meg Whitman to sustain the success of their site and ideas in 1998, because of her wealth of business branding and arketing. Meg had studied at the Harvard Business School and had learned the importance of branding at companies such as Hasbro.

Meg created an experienced management team with an average of 20 years of business experience by involving people like Pepsico and Disney and built a strong vision for the company. eBay is a company that's in the business of connecting people, not selling things for them.

They moved into different options of upscale marketing where the average sale price (ASP) is higher and shed only the image of auctioning collectibles. eBay transaction fee was determined by a key metric average sale price, so increasing the ASP became an important factor, thereby forging partnership with companies with brand name such as General Motors, Disney and Sun, eBay has managed to do exactly what he intend to achieve his goals. Sun has sold over $10millions worth of equipment in the eBay platform and it lists between 20-150items daily.

eBay has become an online auction and shopping website where people and businesses buy and sell goods and services worldwide. Millions of people are connected daily on a local, National and International using different websites that focus on commerce, payment and communications.

eBay originate from home business founded by omideeyar living room, now the company has become the world leading auction market and one of the major dot.com companies that has actual made huge success.

In eBay transactions prices are determined by buyers unlike the traditional model that we are used to where prices of goods and services are determined by vendors or sellers. The vision of eBay was to eliminate the inefficiencies in traditional mode of transactions by providing a convenient place where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods, services and information at a minimum cost. Thereby making bargaining and collecting interesting.

Digital Media (online trading) or e-commerce helps sellers to market or sell their goods and services through online easily and reach the globe within the shortest possible time.

It’s help buyers to search online with the aid of internet search engine within the shortest possible time to locate or get products and services required, also gives them the opportunity to compare prices, quality and know the method of delivery and payments when satisfied, if not satisfy he keeps on searching till he gets what he wants, this draw more traffic to eBay thereby increasing their profit, as each transaction is closed eBay debt the seller credit card directly immediately.

Millions of people (buyers and sellers) businesses and Manufacturers are brought together on a daily basis in a Local, National and International using different websites that focuses on marketing thereby increasing the profit margin of eBay daily.

Digital media eliminates many inefficiencies of conventional (traditional) person to person trading, thereby provided a place where eBay users can conveniently meet, exchange information about their goods and services, negotiate prices and transact business at a minimum cost.

eBay users can browse through listed items via digital media or internet easily.

The sellers or suppliers can list items that he wants to sell, while the buyer bargain on the items of their interest.

The combination of digital Media and eBay strategy business concept makes it possible for millions of people to handle transaction that worth over 10Millions Dollars on a daily basis and round the globe.

The Role of Digital Media and internet to eBay growth.

eBay has strived tremendously using digital media particularly the internet or the World Wide Web for its online auction. eBay innovate arrays of channel to actualize his vision using internet, one of the ideas is the online auction mode to expand e-commerce, giving millions of people a low cost opportunity to engage in a new form of economic activities. With the use of World Wide Web eBay has been able to build an online person to person trading environment in the Internet (2000).

eBay subscribers or users can browse through listed items displayed on the web using automated ways (internet), the sellers are allowed to list items they want to sell while the buyer bid on items of their choice, transactions is made easy within minutes between buyers and sellers using eBay web interface and the internet, thereby making Digital Media and the Internet eBay to grow continuously.

The use of digital media (computing powers) makes internet auction effective. The combination of digital media and eBay strategic business concept effectively enhance hundreds of people to handle transactions that worth millions of dollars and pounds everyday round the year. eBay developed a software capable of handling and supporting a robust, scalable user interface and transaction processing system. The system can manage all aspect of the auction process. Its alert by sending email when a user requested for services, placed an order or bid and when they are outbid, and communicate the outcome of transaction to participates.

The same system also send daily updates to active users and maintains users registration information, account details and previous dealings. All information about the users and transaction are archived to a data warehouse, making sure all information are well maintain and kept saved. eBay keeps track records of all transaction made, when a transaction is successfully completed the system automatically calculate the fees and bills the sellers billing account or credit card account.

eBay provide other information infrastructures that support users, guide and disseminates information about the company. All this are achieved by using company owed equipment and other equipment provided by external service providers such as Sun database, Microsoft’s Windows NT and others.

eBay is designed in such a way that it supports almost freestanding commerce, users can sell their product and services freely as decided while buyers or bidders controls the price of auction thereby encouraging continuous growth.

eBay users are constantly educated on how use the website and website is updated and maintain weekly to keep the system up to date and avoid crashed.

The major objective of the eBay is to increase the numbers its users and net revenue generated from the eBay marketplace and to build the largest person to person online auction company, this is achieved using a strategy which focuses on:

1. ACQUISITION: This strategy focuses on increasing the number of newly registered users on the eBay marketplace.
2. ACTIVATION: This focuses on increasing the numbers of already existing users that become active bidders, buyers and sellers in the eBay marketplace.
3. ACTIVITIES: Increases the number and value of transactions that are conducted by each existing active user on the eBay marketplace.

eBay consider the 5Ps of Marketing strategy for the growth of the Company

Price, product, Place, promotion and People

Price: eBay auction price is been determine by bidders or buyers thereby building confidence on the bidders.

Product: The product of eBay on this regards is trustworthy services to sellers and buyers.

Place: There simply refer to the online marketplace which is digital media.

Promotion: eBay allowed users to control the direction of the site but created a legal system that promote self-governance.

People: eBays is designed in such a way that it can be accessible by all,

Demography, webography and psychograph.

Another Major strategy employed by eBay to expand the company are:

1. Expanding the user base,
2. Broadening the trading platform by increasing product categories and promoting new ones
3. Strengthening the eBay brand
4. Encourages community likeness for eBay.
5. Ensuring site features and functionality are working optimally.

The arrival of Meg Whitman to eBay in 1998 created a very big positive impact in the company because of her wealth of experience in product branding and marketing knowledge.

In August 1998 eBay entered into three years deal with American online (AOL), under the terms that AOL will feature them as preferred of person-to-person trading services in its interest area, also eBay link would appear on AOL home page as advert, a portal viewed by over 65 millions subscribers, this three years deal was priced at $12 million in 2000.

Conclusion

It can definitely be said that eBay has literally changed the face of domestic and international marketing. Today, eBay is a multibillion-dollar company that has operations in more than 40 countries around the world. As of 2010, eBay in the United States alone has accumulated over $9 billion and is worth more than $22 billion globally. While eBay and its functions have continually improved, and developed over the years, it still offers one of its original functions: connecting people with other people.

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By 2008, eBay enjoyed several hundred million registered sellers and buyers and had employed more than 15,000 people. The company has branched off to create other specialty sites, purchased other major Internet companies, and has spawned additional user-friendly opportunities for international trade and commerce. One of those is the financially based PayPal, skype, which enables users from around the world to receive and send instant payments without requiring them to deal with traditional bank obstacles, fees, or international wire transfers. It speeds up the ease and frequency of international transactions.

It is rightly said by Frederick Douglass that if there is no struggle, there is no progress. It is a struggle which keeps us moving ahead in life. One’s struggles never get wasted and he/she always receives a good reward for them. These were golden teachings I was taught by my school teacher. Just because of this motivation, I worked hard in matriculation and scored exceptional marks. Throughout school life, I was a good debater and representative of my class. After getting inducted into one of the prestigious colleges of the country, I continued these traditions for being most brilliant student of the class. My interests are literature and education.

Academically, I have always been a very determined and studious individual, hence why I knew that a degree at University would be the definite next step. I have a broad interest in many subject areas, yet feel drawn towards a law or business orientated degree. With regards to Business, the reasoning behind my choice is the complex and intriguing nature of the subject. I particularly enjoy the way business so appropriately blends in with everyday issues. Since doing mathematics from primary classes, my interest has grown and matured and I am able to view many businesses analytically and make suggestions regarding possible improvements. Law is an area which has interested me from an early age. I enjoy extensive reading and recognize that this is essential in studying law. I consider myself to be well suited to a career in law as I pay much attention to detail and take pleasure in undergoing work which raises social issues in today’s society and requires the skill to manipulate evidence and present persuasive arguments.

Also, Laws, in my opinion, are the cogs in the machinery of society; they are guidelines and Deterrents that are fundamentally essential for humanity to function. Law is the combined public conscience that tells us right from wrong. I first became interested in law through John Grisham’s legal thrillers, such as, “The Broker”. The analysis of a broad range of issues that will be required by the course and the opportunity to further develop my debating skills, are both aspects of this degree which I find particularly appealing.

Besides studies, I also take part in extracurricular activities like debating and sports. I was one of the best debaters in my school. I took part in many debate competitions. This has allowed me to develop and strengthen my skills in communication and organization. I was also a member of my college’s Debating Society, which furthered my ability to analyze and evaluate legal, political and social questions. I can, as a result, present logical and informed arguments in structured and coherent manner – skills that will be integral to a law degree. As well as showing a high level of subject understanding, I feel this has also improved my ability to communicate clearly and co-operate effectively; qualities which will be imperative for individual and group tasks and presentations at university.

I have a hope that one day, I shall study at LUMS and shall become a prominent lawyer in my country. With this hope and dream, I shall keep on working because, I believe, I can and my belief from childhood is “If you can dream it, you can achieve it. If you can think it, you can become it”.

Works Cited

1. Douglass, F. (1857). West India Emancipation Speech. Retrieved from https://www.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/douglass/online.htm
2. University of California, Berkeley. (n.d.). Strategies for Academic Success: Critical Thinking. Retrieved from https://learningcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/critical-thinking/
3. Grisham, J. (2006). The Broker. Dell Publishing.
4. Felson, R. B., & Staff, S. J. (2019). Crime and Everyday Life. SAGE Publications.
5. University of Oxford. (n.d.). Studying Law. Retrieved from https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate/courses-listing/law?wssl=1
6. Elkin-Koren, N., & Salzberger, E. (2017). Law and Economics in a Nutshell (6th ed.). West Academic Publishing.
7. Harvard Law School. (n.d.). Curriculum & Course Offerings. Retrieved from https://hls.harvard.edu/dept/academics/curriculum/
8. University of Cambridge. (n.d.). Law: Course Overview. Retrieved from https://www.undergraduate.study.cam.ac.uk/courses/law/course-overview
9. Bryant, C., & Bryant, N. (2016). Debating in the World Schools Style: A Guide. Independently published.
10. Lumina Foundation. (n.d.). Why is Education Important? Retrieved from https://www.luminafoundation.org/news-and-views/why-is-education-important

How to make a critical analysis paper? A critical analysis paper should present a balanced and well-supported evaluation of the subject matter. It should demonstrate your ability to think critically, analyze complex ideas, and provide thoughtful interpretations. Sometimes students find confusing to write a critical review of critical analysis paper just because they don't understand the difference between 'critique' and 'criticism'.

When someone hears the word “critique, or a critical review” for the first time, he or she imagine that there is a need to look for some flaws and give a negative opinion about a certain article. The word “critique” resembles such words as “criticize or critics”. Indeed, a critique is a short summary of a novel, movie, poetry, article, so the reader may have a clear picture what the article is about. The main goal of a student is to evaluate and analyze the essay. Critique, or a critical review shouldn`t be confused with the literature review. Originally, this word evolved from a Latin word “criticus” (a judger, or critic) and later transformed into a French one. To summarize, a critical review contains a specific content, evaluating a certain book.

There is a certain distinction between therms 'critique' and 'criticism' in English language, while in other languages like Spanish, French, Italian it is undefined. The word “criticism” first appeared in English in the early 17 century. It was mostly literary criticism. Samuel Johnson, a literary critic, is the brightest example of criticism in English language. Also Alexander Pope wrote an Essay on Criticism, which is an important example of literary criticism. In the 17 century critical review became an art of assessing the characteristics and literary works, essentially from the point of view of a user. In the past centuries there were two ways to be critical: positively and negatively. Positively critical meant to be aware of the question and make a savvy evaluation about cultural issues, but negatively it implied an irrational denial of some foreign association. Additionally, “critical review” also attributed to a nice idea, or “minor criticism”; while critical review mostly introduced a deep writing like Kant’s Critique of pure reason.

Critique or judgement is the evaluation of the structure of the thought in the gist of the article assessed that is not personalized. This analysis then offers by way of the critical assessment method either a counterstatement or a proposal of further expansion upon the issues introduced by the theme of that certain written or oral argumentation. Some say that there is no difference between critique and criticism, but actually it exists.

Last but not the least, before writing a critical analysis paper an author should read a material he or she is going to analyse. It's better to do this twice and make some key notes of the work. Only after that it is possible to make a critical review. Also, an author should develop a deep understanding of the core reason and goal conveyed in the book (or anyother material he analyse).

What is money? Based on the Cambridge Dictionary, money is defined as ‘coins or notes that are used to buy things.’ In other words, money is something that we can exchange for items that we wanted. We use money every day for our daily consumptions of food, petrol, utilities and any other subscriptions. As for the students who are studying in a college or in a university, they have to be aware about their finance to avoid exhausting their wallet and savings. So to answer the question, "how to manage your money as a student?" this essay discusses several methods to manage students' money wisely.

First and foremost, students can manage their money by creating a budget that includes everything. Students should list out the source of income, such as parents’ allowance, part-time job, study loans or any grants. Then, they can map out the estimated expenses for a week or a month including expenses like food, travel, school supplies, and laundry. As the result, they will have a better picture of their spending amount per month. Also, there are applications like Mint and Spendee to assist them in keeping tabs on their online spending amount by linking their bank account to these applications. At the end of each month, a summary of the monthly spending amount will be shown on these applications. On another hand, students can use spreadsheets to record their spending if they prefer the conventional method. Nevertheless, students should spend according to the budget planned beforehand or it would be ineffective.

Furthermore, student can minimize the spending amount to manage money efficiently. Instead of buying a brand new, students can opt for second-hand items to reduce their spending amount. Students can buy school supplies like books from their senior or from specific websites that sells used textbooks. Also, students are able to save money if they cook their meals themselves besides of enjoying healthier food. They can purchase groceries from a nearby supermarket with a fair price and serve meals for themselves. For those who is unfamiliar with cooking, there are various simple and easy recipes on the Internet. In addition, students can cut down cost by knowing students’ discounts. Some products or services such as movie tickets and books, offer student price, and the students can enjoy a day out without upsetting their wallet.

Moreover, students should control their spending habit to manage their money. The vital part in managing money is to differentiate what you need and what you desire. They should restraint their desire to shop the unnecessary and luxurious items. They can select the products with a lower price rather than the most expensive item on the store’s display. For instance, a student is looking for a phone, rather than the newest iPhone that cost much higher than other phones, he or she can buy a cheaper phone with specifications that is adequate for studies. In addition, the student should think twice before they buy, and compare the price between different stores to obtain the most reasonable price. Thus, saving money along the way.

From another point of view, why students need to manage their money wisely? The students should manage their finances well to pay back their education loan. The primary source of financing for the fees of tertiary education is the National Higher Education Fund Corporation (PTPTN) in Malaysia. Besides PTPTN, there are other financial institutions that offer study loans too. The students also have to bear the interest when they are repaying the loan. Thus, the longer the repayment load period, the more money the student need to pay back. If the students manage their money well and have savings, they can pay back the loan in a shorter time, and thus, less interest will be charged.

Another importance of managing money is the students can prepare for emergencies. Sometimes not all of them were recruited straight away after their graduation. Therefore, this is when their savings come in handy, they can still stay afloat by living off their savings until they find a job. Also, emergencies such as car breaking down or fallen ill require the students to pay more than their anticipated budget. Students that have a good financial management have no worries about the unforeseen circumstances.

Finally, students that manage money wisely can have more financial security. The students can feel secure about their financial status, knowing that they have resources from their accumulated savings to encounter with unexpected expenses. The student will not find himself or herself at the edge of bankruptcy. In addition, the student will not feel stress-out at end of every month to fulfil the utilities bills and rent.

In a nutshell, there are many ways of money management. A student should practice good money management skills such as budgeting, controlling and minimizing spending amount. Also, a student should stick to his or her budget so that he or she will reduce the risk of overspending.

There are so many ways to prepare for a college test and every student is unique with their own way of studying that works best for them. Here at the Office of First Year Experience at the University of Kansas there are certain tools and strategies that lead to making the most out of college as a freshman and higher. These tools consist of being highly motivated, being able to set goals, and an important one: having good study habits. In college, students need to be masters at setting goals and also need to have high levels of hope for themselves and their dreams. This literature review will discuss how a student’s study habits, strategies, and motivation levels affect their success in college.

As a new college student, it’s all about what strategies work for you the best. Some strategies the Office of First Year Experience believes are the most effective for students range from setting goals, being motivated, having high hopes as a student, and of course, hard work. Sarah Sparks posted an article on the database Professional Development Collection and said that “Disciplined effort directed at specific learning goals in some appreciable degree determines college outcomes, and student effort also likely interacts with specific learning skills and strategies as it expresses goal-directed behavior” (Sparks, 1). Students with more effective learning skills may profit more from a given effort, and future research might explore the interrelations among motives and goals, skills and learning strategies, and the engagement behaviors students’ exhibit over a semester” (Svanum 129). In this statement the author states that depending on where students focus their effort and their degree it can really have an impact on the successes they will have in college. Also, some students may have more of an advantage over others because they naturally have more efficient learning skills, so with more effort, they can have massive gains.

Motivation is a key aspects to surviving in college. A piece written in the Journal of College Student Development by Soren Svanum and Silvia M. Bigatti states that “Student motivation that translates into more engagement can tangibly improve college success, encourage self-sufficiency, and allow students to exert greater control of their college destiny” (Svanum 131). As mentioned by the author in this quote, being motivated and being able to execute it properly can open copious amounts of doors for students. Being able to be self-sufficient is extremely important as one is growing up because the parents are not there anymore to hold your hand. On another note improving one’s college success and have that amount of control over their own destiny is just as major.

Every student who has ever been successful in college and after has had high hopes for him/her and worked harder than ever just to get there. Having the ability to work hard should be a common skill between everyone. From the article called Even Geniuses Work Hard by Carol S. Dweck, “Students with a fixed mindset do not like effort. They believe that if you have ability, everything should come naturally. They tell us that when they have to work hard, they feel dumb. Students with a growth mindset, in contrast, value effort; they realize that even geniuses have to work hard to develop their abilities and make their contributions” (Dweck 17). This statement holds some truth to it whereas everybody has to work hard but the students who stated that everything should come naturally should not have to feel dumb and maybe should just be given a different environment to learn in. that is one way that would be extremely beneficial for a college student who is trying to be successful.

An article written by Soren Svanum and Silvia M. Bugatti from the Journal of College Student Development discusses some future research “future research might explore the interrelations among motives and goals, skills and learning strategies, and the engagement behaviors students’ exhibit over a semester” (Svanum 129). The two categories that probably need the most research done to help enhance would be skills and learning strategies and also the student’s behavior to see if it has an impact on study habits and overall successfulness. If sufficient data is found from this research, then the lives of college students everywhere would be easier tenfold.

However, there are always of disagreement on what sort of study habits can be best for a college student and also what is the best teaching method, or way to stay motivated. Possible solutions for having to decide what is best for the majority of the students is to vote and pick a preferred way of dealing with their schoolwork. A second possible solution would be to evaluate students in different age groups to see if the change in time and educational curriculums across the years had any effect on their performance. there also may be some potential disagreements as to different age group testing because it’s depending on if the curriculum did change that year or not.

As a recommendation to the Office of First Year Experience to improve the student experience here at the University of Kansas, there are a few suggestions to be made. The first suggestion is that, the University should try to make a student’s study habits their number 1 priority to make sure that the information is actually being absorbed and processed so such student can be successful. In some situations, the opportunities a student has to study are not always the best. Some solutions would be to make sure every floor of every dorm building has a proper social area, so that rooms can be a quiet place, of sorts, for studying. Another idea for students to make their college time more worth their buck would be to add some sort of very small incentive as a cause for motivation. An example of this would be simply giving one extra credit point every-time that specific student shows up to class and it would apply to all students. If possible, add one or two extra credit points on to the end of an exam just for the ability to be able to regain some points and motivate them to study more because they know they could get extra points and it becomes worth it.

In conclusion, all students are unique on how they define success and on how the achieve it but here at FYE the main focus should be students’ motivation and educational background and how to improve one’s status as a student depending on their background and skills. Secondly, students need to set their goals high and have their hopes be even higher and they should be aware of the fact that college is a lot more work to do and they may not be used to the larger work load coming out of high school. Future research is being done as this is being written in the fields of motivation and learning strategies/skills. There is still plenty of room for improvement in ensuring the success of our students here at the University of Kansas and please take these points into consideration for our future students.

Before evaluating whether Occupy Wall Street succeeded at their goals, it is best to first come to an agreement as to what their goal actually was. The Occupy Wall Street movement was an example of direct action against the perceived corruption of financial institutions. People were upset that the politicians they elected were not effectively taking on corporate interests: in fact, most of them were taking money from the same corporations OWS was protesting. Many came to believe that change could not happen in the electoral system and decided to take matters into their own hands. “The Meaning of Occupy” mentioned specific Occupy groups that had goals of implementing more regulations. Others had a loftier goal: to “smash the state” and rid the nation of capitalism entirely.

The Occupy movement lost steam for the same reasons many far-left groups splinter: petty disagreements in ideology drove people apart. Occupiers came from many ideologies; some were social democrats who believe the existence of capitalism can be sustained as long as regulations were in place, others were socialists who believed in seizing the means of production, others were anarcho-communists who believed in the destruction of hierarchy entirely, whether it is from the state or from corporations. Within the anarchist camp, there were disagreements on how to get to their goal of a stateless society (individualism, syndicalism, collectivism, etc.). Between the anarchists and those who believe change could come from within the State, both groups saw each other as naïve and these disagreements divided the movement. However, Occupiers shared one common interest: to engage the corporations through direct action that they felt were hurting working people.

There is a difference between the Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street, though they are often compared. The Tea Party had a vertical leadership structure; clear, defined, goals; massive funding from the organizations that formed the Tea Party; and an interest in electoral politics. Occupy Wall Street had a horizontal leadership structure (decisions were made by consensus) with only a common interest (opposition to financial institutions) rather than common goals. They did not have, nor necessarily need, massive funding, and they had no interest in electoral politics. The Tea Party was seen as a legitimate movement because it was endorsed by politicians and corporations, while the Occupy Wall Street movement was often seen as criminal by the mainstream.

Did the Occupy movement fail? Yes, they did. While the Occupy movement did offer an opportunity for many who felt disaffected by the political system to engage in direct action, the failure to unite caused many to lose interest in the movement. It is much more difficult to unite far left ideologies than far right ideologies. Right wing ideologies are usually grounded by the flag, Bible, and money. Far left ideologies often reject all three, leaving more room for disagreement. If a movement such as Occupy Wall Street is to succeed in the future, they need to have a common goal in mind rather than just a common interest.