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For thousands of years, human beings could on wonder about Earth and the other observable planets in the solar system. Many ideas-for example, that the Earth was a sphere and that it travelled around the sun- were based on brilliant reasoning. However, it was only with the development of rockets that could send satellites to space that brought about space exploration. Artificial satellites are any object purposely placed into orbit around Earth, other planets or the sun. Earth orbiting satellites can provide data to map Earth determine the size and shape of the Earth and detect rise in ocean level. Russian scientists and engineers shook the world by placing into orbit the first man-made satellite, Sputnik 1 which was launched on October 4, 1957. Named after the Russian word for “travelling companion of the world” (sputnik zemli), it was a small satellite, measuring 58cm (0.58m) across. It circled the Earth once every 96.2 minutes and spent 92 days in orbit completing a total of 1400 orbits. No sooner had the world recovered from the excitement of the first achievement was it again shaken by the launching of sputnik 2 on6 November 3, 1957, Sputnik 2 weighed 508.5kg and carried a husky dog named Laika.
Get original essaySince the early launching of the first artificial satellite, thousands of these “man-made-moons” have been rocketed into Earth’s orbit. Today, artificial satellites play key roles in the communications industry, in military intelligence, and in the scientific study of both Earth and the outer space. Also different types of artificial satellites have been successfully placed in orbit. These include weather, navigations satellites, communications satellites, and astronomical satellites. Advances made in radio, telemetering and television made it possible to guide unmanned satellites into orbit. It also enabled the transmission of all kinds of scientific data and pictures to ground stations. Environmental satellites circle the Earth in an orbit that passes over the north and south poles several times a day. Pictorial information about the Earth’s atmosphere and ocean is relayed back to the surface, where it is used to monitor changes in the environment, The information that scientists gather from space missions such as these help increase their understanding of the planet in which they live in, “Earth”. They can apply this knowledge to better understand the forces that created the Earth and continue to act upon it.
People had not known for so many years what the Earth looked like from space, until the late 1960s, when people saw for the first time the photograph of the Earth from space taken by Apollo mission crew, on the mission to the moon. Engineers today have developed different types of satellites, each designed to serve a specific purpose or mission. Some satellites were built specifically for discovery and research which were mostly launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Authority (NASA) which called mission to the first satellite in an international program. The satellite was placed into orbit with one of its major missions was to understand the impact of human activities on the global environment. Another of such missions was the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS). Which was first launched in 1972, continued to acquire periodic multi-spectral images of the earth’s surface to support investigations in areas such as agriculture, forestry, and land, mineral, and mineral resources?
Satellites have done far more for Earth and its inhabitants than just inspire us with pretty images of the earth. It is very important to the future of life on our planet to understand how what we do affects the delicate balance of the environment. Using information from satellites, we are beginning to know how pollution from our various human activities affects the environment. You are probably familiar with the use of satellites for transmitting TV signals and telephone calls, but you may not be as familiar with how much satellites have helped us to understand and take care of our planet. Satellites have studied oceans, the atmosphere, clouds, weather, rainforests, deserts, cities, farmlands, ice sheets, and just about everything else on and even in Earth. Satellites have shown that the ozone is disappearing over some parts of Earth, which had resulted from the release of harmful chemicals to the atmosphere which are produced from humans and their activities, so we know that we must find and use chemicals that are less damaging to our atmosphere.
(“The ozone hole over the South Pole is apparent in this false-color image taken by a satellite in October 1999. Low levels of ozone are shown in blue. Ozone is a gas that blocks harmful ultraviolet sunlight. Industrial chemicals released into the atmosphere have caused ozone to break down, opening holes in the ozone layer that tend to concentrate at the poles”. – Anonymous, from Encarta Encyclopedia 2009).
We use satellites to predict the weather. We may not be able to change the weather but having an idea ahead of time what it’s likely to do give us the chance to prepare. The two GOES satellites, station high above the east and west coasts of the United States, let us track hurricanes and other storms as they develop. Having this view from space gives people enough warning of dangerous weather to prepare and even evacuate vulnerable areas where a hurricane might hit. Two satellites TOPEX Poseidon and Jason-1, have been studying the oceans. They have helped us to understand the complex movement of ocean water and to make long term weather predictions. The oceans have a great effect on weather, because they store a lot of heat. These satellites have observed the event known as El Niño, in which unusually warm water collects in the Pacific Ocean near South America causing very heavy rain in some parts of the world and drought in others.
Some remote parts of our planet are almost impossible to keep an eye on except from space. Frequent satellite images of a rainforest in South America can show how fast this precious habitat is shrinking. Views from space of the North and South poles allow us to monitor the shrinking of ice sheets –important indicators of global warming and possible flooding of coastal regions. Satellites that study Earth are not just fancy cameras in space. Many of them have special instruments that measure light that our eyes cannot see and can reveal important information such as the height of all the oceans all over the Earth, or the wind speed inside clouds. Our home planet, the Earth, is the focus of a lot of NASA missions. In the International Solar Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) initiative, a number of spacecraft were launched to study the influence of the sun on Earth’s environment. The planet itself is the target for Mission to Planet Earth (MTPE), a long term program for comprehensive studies. Earth-orbiting satellites will monitor Earth’s atmosphere, landmass, oceans, and ice sheets to document the complex processes and interactions taking place.
In the second half of the 20th century, more advances in the study of Earth and its components occurred due to the development of rockets that could send and observe Earth from space with satellites equipped with scientific instruments. Astronauts landed on the moon and gathered ancient rocks that revealed much about the early solar system. During this remarkable advancement in human history, humans also sent unmanned spacecraft to explore the other planets in the solar system. The information relayed by these satellites provided new insights about Earth and has helped develop new theories about how the Earth was formed. From the information given by Earth-orbiting satellites we now know that the Earth is one of the most geologically active of all the planets and moons in the solar system. Earth is constan6tly changing over long periods of time land is built up and worn away oceans are formed and reformed, and continents move around, break-up and merge. Life itself contributes to changes on earth, especially in the way living thin6gs can alter Earth’s atmosphere. Today scientists are working towards placing into orbit faster and safer satellites, which will last longer in orbit. Advances made in satellites manufacturing and a variety of scientific fields have broadened our knowledge about Earth. In conclusion, by studying (Morgan, 2009)Earth’s atmosphere, its surface, and its interior, scientists have learned much about how earth came into existence, how it changed, and why it continues to change
Mental health is known to be stigmatised for many years, this is because society in general has stereotyped views about mental illness and how it affects people, but it is also because of people’s cultural beliefs. Mental health is someone’s mental state, how they are feeling mentally, your phycological wellbeing. Mental health is one of the most popular essay topics and in this paper we will understand it's importance as it affects how we think and act, how we handle stress and that can then lead to illnesses like depression, social anxiety, anxiety, and other major disorders.
Get original essayFactors of mental health include: biological factors which are genes or brain chemistry, life experiences such as trauma or abuse or even family history of mental health problems. Sometimes it could be that you’re just simply unhappy with your life. Issues that can be affecting students today can be; exam pressures, fitting into the social media norm of being perfect, LGBTQ+ students may feel like they aren’t being accepted for who they are and are being bullied, friendships, relationships, poverty, family issues or trauma. Some major mental health issues that students deal with include; depression, anxiety, ADHD, OCD, eating disorders, substance abuse and suicidal issues. Having initiatives implemented in schools is an effective way to educate students about mental health especially at a very young age and really educate students on how to ask for help and of the dangers and how taking care of your mental health and wellbeing is a very serious issue.
Over the years advocating about mental health in schools have started to increase. As research has shown that children dealing with health disorders like; anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, ADHD etc, affects the student’s concentration from learning at school and social interactions, the two of which are basic to the achievement of understudies. Mental health is an important issue as many estimates show that mental health effects so many children yet aren’t receiving the mental health care they need. Having initiatives and services in schools can allow support for students who are struggling and are afraid to come forward and ask for help. Usually children are afraid of reaching out for help because they are scared that they would feel like they are being judged and may feel embarrassed. Some students don’t reach out for help based on their cultural beliefs. Schools also need to assure that not all students are going through the same thing and may react differently than others when gaining support, everyone differs with how they cope and what their coping mechanisms are. Addressing mental health issues is a must in schools as reports have found that 1 in 7 children aged 4 to 17 were assessed as having mental disorders in the previous 12 months – equivalent to 560,000 Australian children and adolescents. Other reports show that students with mental health disorders affects student’s attendance and are unable to stay focused in the classroom. A report shows that students in years 1-6 with mental health issues missed an average 12 days per year. As students from year 7-10 miss an average of 23 days per years, and students in year 11 and 12 miss and average of 26 days per year. Students with mental health issues like ADHD, anxiety and social anxiety affects students to stay focused in class and grasped the content in classes but also find it difficult to interact and work with others, which is considered a disadvantage. This is why schools and teachers must have strategies in place to help and support students who are in need and are struggling with mental health issues. Even though every school in Australia offers student support and school psychologists, schools have yet to take major action on this serious matter and have only made a few initiatives to support this matter.
One current school initiative that has been implemented in schools is through community awareness campaigns like “R U OK? DAY”. R U OK? DAY is a day that is dedicated to inspiring and empowering everyone to meaningfully connect with people around them by asking a simple question “Are you okay?” and support someone in the event that they are struggling. R U OKAY DAY is a suicide prevention charity and it is held every year on the 10th of September. On this day students all over schools are to wear yellow shirts or yellow ribbons to support the day. On R U OKAY? DAY stress free activities are placed throughout the day that involve students interacting with each other and making sure their classmates are okay. Some schools bring in advocators of mental health to talk to the students about how important mental health is and how we can take care of ourselves but also notifying students how and to who we can reach out to. Brainstorm production is a live tour around schools that is an innovative, interactive educational theatre that brings about positive social change through a range of bullying programs, cyber safety programs, positive behaviour programs, resilience programs and mental health programs. They perform plays to students about real-life strategies, but most importantly advocate about mental health. On R U OKAY? DAY they went around schools to talk to students about how to express their feelings and support their friends, and where they can go and ask for help. They perform plays that help students identify the signs of anxiety or depression and provides information about the supports available. Other campaigns include advocating about mental health though school newsletters and information nights, this notifies parents to be more aware of their children’s health and wellbeing.
Another initiative that schools have taken action into educating students about mental health is through having it part of the school curriculum as well as having a safe and supportive environment. Mental health is a unit part of the PDHPE curriculum in all primary and high school from foundation to year 10 and is touched on if chosen in year 11 and 12. The unit addresses how mental health and wellbeing can be enhanced at individual and community level. The content supports students to develop knowledge, understanding and skills to manage their own mental health and wellbeing and how to support others. However, it is still not enough for the students to really grasped the knowledge of this serious matter, as one twelfth of the health and physical education syllabus is aimed squarely at mental health. This shows that schools need to increase the practical, skills-based approach to good mental health, merging it into other subjects from early childhood. But also, to further educate students in primary and high school and construct a more in-depth unit about mental health awareness in the school’s curriculum. Having a unit about mental health being part of the curriculum is a really smart and is an efficient way of educating students about mental health and wellbeing and the importance of looking after it, and it can be affective. This will make students more comfortable and will feel okay when needing to reach out, it would make them feel like they are not alone as they would start to see that they are not the only one struggling as they are witnessing their classmates expressing their feelings about the matter. Having mental health part of the school’s curriculum is very crucial and would be a really affective strategy when needing to educate students about their mental health and wellbeing.
Even though schools have yet to take major action and still need to implement more initiatives based on their student’s mental health and wellbeing, schools are slowly becoming more aware of the dangers and the seriousness of mental health and students wellbeing’s and how important it is to educate and notify students from primary school and all throughout high school. Society must step out of the stigma that is around mental health and take mental health issues seriously. As well as schools really need to take action by offering more initiatives and support to students who are struggling with mental health issues and really look after their students and offer the support they need. Looking after student’s health and wellbeing must be a priority in all schools and having mental health being educated to students across schools will hopefully prevent it from becoming more serious and a risk to students lives.
The “trippy vibes” are all around; in social media, in the perspectives of the youth, staying “trippy” is most certainly a positive aspect in the modern day. Although the social media praises the ideas and colors of “tripping,” it is actually becoming an increasingly popular trend in the medicinal world to study the behavior and effects of LSD and how it can aid those dealing with all sorts of mental and physical issues, especially in psychotherapy.
Get original essayBefore discussing the trend of LSD in the medical realm, it’s important to know what LSD is, and what it can produce when taken. LSD, or Lysergic Acid Diethylamide is a synthetic (or man-made) drug that has been noted for its hallucinogenic nature in places such as raves and hippie-cultured events. The hallucinogen is found in various forms, including crystalized (its purest form), liquidized for blotter paper, gel paper (for oral ingestion only), or eye drops. A hallucinogen is a drug that produces psychedelic effects and is known to potentially produce hallucinations,. While the only hallucinogen being used in a medicinal nature is LSD, hallucinogens can also expand to MDMA, “Magic Mushrooms”, PCP, Ketamine, DXM, Peyote, and Mescaline.
Hallucinogen users go through a “trip” or a long-term high that leaves the person feeling euphoric and more appreciative of their life as well as the life around them. The negative effects of LSD consist of a lack of appetite, lack of sleep, and a potential “bad trip,” where the user goes through extreme paranoia alongside other negative emotions such as anger and sadness. It is also important to refrain from taking any SSRI medication (anti-depressants) while using LSD, as it can also be a contributor of a bad trip. Users also make the mistake of being in a negative environment when tripping, which will also cause a bad trip. If the user does start to become paranoid, it is suggested another person be the user’s “guide” or “coach” to help aid in soothing the mind.
LSD has been a growing trend since the 1500’s, where farmers discovered Ergot – a fungus growing on wheat and rye plants. When the fungus infected the plants, it would cause the plant to turn black in color. However, due to the lack of food, medicinal, or drug knowledge in the 1500’s, the farmers assumed it would be fine to eat. When the farmers and families ate the Ergot infected wheat or rye, they would show symptoms of what looked similar to an LSD trip, including violent behavior, hallucinations, vomiting, and muscle spasms. It was later believed by one researcher that the violent and unpredictable nature of Ergot could have been the reason that the Salem Witch Trials came to be in the 1600’s. He proposed that the witches that were hanged, burned, or drowned, were only deemed as witches because they were experiencing the effects of Ergot. Though this is still only one belief and is not something that can be proven, – seeing that the bodies are far too old to detect any traces of Ergot – other theories have cycled through that included Ergot as not the main cause, but the effects following the days after ingesting the Ergot were to blame for the violent nature of the “witches”. Regardless, the use of hallucinogens has been a trend for centuries.
While Ergot may have been the drug of choice in the 1500’s, Swiss scientist, Albert Hoffman discovered LSD in 1943 while looking for a blood circulation stimulant. After 25 attempts, he found the stimulant he wanted all along. Albert accidentally ingested his creation and noticed “an uninterrupted stream of fantastic pictures, extraordinary shapes with intense, kaleidoscope like play of colors.” He took it again days later in a much larger dose to see the effects but was exposed to a “bad trip” which turned good hours later.
Although LSD is still illegal recreationally and medicinally, the drug is still being researched today. Usually conducted in other countries or underground, LSD has been noted as a potential miracle drug for modern medicine, if research proves its worth. It has become an increasingly popular trend to study, as more results have shown positive impact towards patients as opposed to the negative. Which of course, the negative reasons are why it is being held off as a legal medicine.
Over the past 10-20 years, research shows that LSD has helped patients with cluster (suicide) headaches alleviate their pain or completely rid them of the headaches. It has been shown that 100% of patients who have taken LSD to temporarily alleviate their cluster headaches have seen permanent results such as being completely cured from cluster headaches, having less frequent cluster headaches, or having less severe cluster headaches. LSD also is being looked at as a potential benefactor in people with PTSD, results from research have shown that patients have done better on the PTSD-ST (Post traumatic stress disorder self test) that have had LSD incorporated psychotherapy sessions as opposed to those having basic psychotherapy sessions.
Finally, According to MAPS (Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies) LSD is being increasingly looked at for relieving anxiety patients of their stresses during psychotherapy sessions. Studies show that within two LSD administered psychotherapy sessions, patients were feeling better and anxiety was a thing of the past. While LSD is not an anti-depressant, it is shown to cause emotions of love and euphoria, which is why it is so beneficial for anxiety patients. The downfall of this research is, some researchers say that the use of LSD in anxiety related psychotherapy sessions has triggered a bad trip in which the patients need to be monitored for anywhere from 8 hours to two days.
Even though LSD is a very suggestive drug, the trend of researching it for the benefits of mental and physical health is growing rapidly. As more information about the unpredictability of LSD becomes known, the more likely research is to push for the legalization of it medicinally in psychotherapy sessions. As far as recreationally, it doesn’t seem to be happening any time soon and most likely won’t ever be something that current living generations see. It is more beneficial to “stay trippy” for the medical reasons than that of the recreational.
Throughout the world, there are multiple new technologies. The technology only is more advanced before our eyes. For example, a new technology that’s taking everything by storm would be self driving cars.
Get original essayThese cars can be safer for the world and the economy. This is a good way for the economy through the fact that we do not need drunk people killing themselves and/ or others around them. A self driving car will need the driver to be very cautious about them and their surroundings. Being in a self driving car would be more cheaper than a taxi or and Uber. People in this world are very busy and they can not wait around for those taxis and Ubers. These cars have no need for gas pedals or steering wheels, While this may seem unsafe, there is evidence to support that the cars are more secure than the vehicles we have today. Google’s self-driving cars will improve the safety of the road.
In today’s world, having a self driving car is very beneficial. A major effect with the cars would be that make road safer for new teenage drivers and those who decide to drive drunk. In Text 1, “Over 90% of accidents today are causes by drivers error,” said professor Robert W. Peterson of the Center for Insurance Law and Regulation at Santa Clara University School of Law. These self driving cars will be saving lives of pedestrian and drivers. But sometimes these driving cars can not be all that good, for example in his second text, it states, “last month, as one of Google’s self-driving approached a crosswalk, it did what it was supposed to do when it slowed to allow a pedestrian to cross, promoting its “safety driver” to apply the breaks.
The self driving cars are putting people like taxi and other people who drive for a company out of business. In one article, it claims that “there were about 178,000 people employed as taxi drivers or chauffeurs in the united states. But one driverless technology advances to the point that vehicles can be fully autonomous- without the need for any behind the wheel in case of emergencies.
Overall, taxi drivers have made 4,579,499,400 dollars in the total annual wages. Sadly, 33,561 people were killed in car crashes and 2.36 million were injured in the united states, 90% of the crashes were caused by human interaction and not technology mistakes. Technology would takes human driver errors out of the world problem.
Well, serendipity means the things occurring unknowingly with or without our knowledge ends up with positive results. Our lives are made up of amazing moments, chance encounters, and serendipitous occurrences, but we are not always astute enough to recognize them when they happen. But every once in a while we are presented with a moment so spectacular in its profundity that we cannot help but we aware of the magnitude of the gift we have been obtained.
Get original essayNothing happens by coincidence, happy accidents or fortunate mistakes are for me the clearest way of discovering what life is wanting to tell you and how desperate the universe is to make you live a soul-shaking experience. Serendipity has changed my life and my approach to how I find meaning into my everyday life. There is always a surprise, a useful incident.
In general, we all claim that luck matters a lot, where basically luck is nothing but another form of serendipity, recently when I was in a dilemma of doing post-graduation or doing a job, postgraduation has got more weightage than a job, so by thinking to do in a well-reputed college, ranking matters a lot but due to having optimal ranking in the entrance test I was decided that MS Ramaiah might not be in my options but at the time of allotment through Karnataka Examination Authority in the first round as expected, I got Mysore college by the name JSS Institute –Material Science and Engineering, but hoping for the best college I tried in the Second round but fortunately, this time I changed all the college options overnight thinking that serendipity might take place, believing that I waited for the couple of weeks where totally my destination o education has been completely changed just by allocation of one result, that too from a course of Metallurgist to an Industrial Engineer.
Finally, my perspective of life has been gradually changed just by one result which occurred serendipity. Due to this my dream of studying in a reputed institute has been fulfilled where I was thinking of it doesn’t occur in my life, where due to serendipity it has been fulfilled leading to getting a good education, facilities and my vision of life has been changed drastically, where myself has been guided in a way of getting success in life, by implementing various disciplinary factors which are needed to me have been thought through this institution, the valued course has been optioned by me through serendipity, increasing the value of my aims in life, through this I believed that anything can happen at any time either by knowingly or Unknowingly in our life.
This is the situation that occurred in life recently, and it has changed my life’s picture in a complete a way where sarcastically I wondered how these things happen to me, still, I’m unable to conclude whether this incident occurred to me either by intentionally or in an unintentionally I’ve got good in my life and a valuable thing to me.
Encouraging people is an essential part of being a human. One should encourage people with which they live such as one’s family, peer groups or society. Here I want to write about my latent talent and in this essay I will explore this story through personal experience. Also, via this story you will be able to understand the importance of encouragement in someone's life.
Get original essayEveryone is making the best efforts in their lives and sometimes few kind words of encouragement can aid people realizing that their effort is not vain and they are not alone. Furthermore, encouragement recognizes the good things people do, and make them do more of it willingly. So now I will write about an incident of my life which makes me realize my latent talent and also provided me with the dream to hone my talent. It happened when I was in the fifth standard in my school, back when I was a very shy and introvert type of person. I do not have many friends outside of my school.
It happened on the day when there was a drawing competition at my school. All the classes are allowed to participate up to 8th standard. The theme is given to us all was the fight of “Kargil”. So we all started brainstorming to get some creative idea. Everyone started drawing something on their canvas and I was still busy trying to think of something which can bring out my thought and emotions. While doing this I was kind of lost in another world when my science teacher called my name it brought me back to my senses. I responded to her voice which was coming from the back. She was standing there and I was not even aware that for how long she has been observing me. She came to me and encouraged me by saying that “do not think too much over it, just put whatever comes in your mind on canvas. And do your best, you will do well”. I listened to her words of wisdom and started my painting. Soon the bell rang announcing the end of the time limit and we all submitted out canvas for inspection. Next day, after the Morning Prayer the names of the winner of the competition were announced in front of the whole school. I was really surprised to hear my name as the 1st runner up and winning the second prize. It was a bolt from the blue for me as I never even dreamed to even get any complimentary prize.
Later, I thanked my science teacher for her words of encouragement and showing her confidence in me. To which she said that”a painting worth a thousand words, it was your painting which fetches you this achievement”. Overall, that day, I become aware of my talent and I try making more painting whenever I get free time. Sometimes I think that if not for her words of encouragement I would have never acknowledged the talent I possessed.
Stop smoking it can cost you your life! What is smoking? How can something small cause so much harm to the world? Smoking is an addictive drug that can cause death or cancer it has caused, More than 10 times as many U.S. citizens have died prematurely from cigarette smoking than have died in all the wars fought by the United States. Smoking causes about 90% (or 9 out of 10) of all lung cancer death (iseek).
Get original essaySmoking harms nearly every organ of the body. Cigarette smoking causes 87 percent of lung cancer deaths. It is also responsible for many other cancers and health problems. These include lung disease, heart and blood vessel disease, stroke and cataract. (“Medline plus”). Smoking also causes several autoimmune diseases, including Crohn’s diseases. Smoking doubles your risk of developing arthritis. (BeTobaccofree.gov). disease and rheumatoid arthritis) How can smoking affect you? Your lungs can be affected badly by smoking. Smoking causes 84% of deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Smoking can cause more than 80,000 deaths per year. Smoking increases your risk of having a stroke by at least 50%, which can cause brain damage and death. And, by smoking, you double your risk of dying from a stroke. (smokefree).
Smoking damages your heart and your blood circulation, increasing the risk of conditions such as coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke, peripheral vascular disease (damaged blood vessels) and cerebrovascular disease (damaged arteries that supply blood to your brain). Your lungs can be badly affected by smoking it could cause your lungs to be black and your breath to stink. It can cause you your life so stop! Do you wanna die think healthy not negative you can turn your life around from smoking. Smokers have an increased chance of getting stomach cancer or ulcers. Smoking can weaken the muscle that controls the lower end of your gullet (oesophagus) and allow acid from the stomach to travel in the wrong direction back up your gullet, a process known as reflux. I think smoking can affect you in many ways because it has so much tobacco in it and nicotine they can cause mature problems to the teeth and your body system. Big tobacco designed cigarettes to be more addictive to people 2x nicotine level in cigarettes.
What does smoking do to your teeth? Smoking can cause your teeth many fatal problems smoking can also cause damage to the mouth because of the cigarettes tobacco. Smoking makes your teeth fall out, gum disease and a severe cases of mouth cancer that can cause damage to the throat. Tobacco hurts your teeth in many ways. Cigarettes limit your mouth’s ability to fight off infection, which leaves you defenseless against the bacteria produced by smoking. When your mouth can’t fight back, plaque and bacteria fester. This leads to problems ranging from yellowing of teeth to losing them and needing root canals.
When you smoke, you short-circuit your body’s auto-immune defenses. Your body will have a hard time protecting itself. Suddenly, tartar buildup becomes a major issue because your body can’t battle a potential infection. The blood circulation in your mouth decreases sharply when you smoke. Grit in tobacco can also rub teeth and wear away their protective coating of enamel. Smokeless tobacco can also cause harm to your mouth, and not just because of the nicotine. Some brands of chewing tobacco use sugar as an ingredient. When you hold the tobacco in your mouth for long periods, you’re exposing your teeth to damaging sugar that can cause tooth decay, beyond all the other problems nicotine can spark.
What is second hand smoking? Secondhand smoke is known to cause cancer. It has more than 7,000 chemicals, including at least 70 that can cause cancer. Secondhand smoke can be harmful in many ways. For instance, it affects the heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke in non-smokers. Some studies have linked SHS to mental and emotional changes, too. For instance, some studies have shown that exposure to SHS is linked to symptoms of depression. More research is needed to better understand the link between SHS and mental health.
To me second hand smoking is like you smoking a cigarette because you are inhaling the smoke through your nose to the lungs that may lead to lung cancer.
Over 53,000 people die over second hand smoking exposure and over 3,000 lung cancer deaths. Secondhand smoke can cause disease in nonsmokers, have concluded not only this, but that exposure to secondhand smoke can result in death. Over the past 20 years, scientific research has become even more clear, resulting now in the ability to pinpoint the effects of secondhand smoke not just on particular organs, but on various ethnicities, types of workers, and socioeconomic classifications.
Social media interactions have influenced the evolution of language and such communications have had major cultural consequences including the connotation behind ‘friendship’ and the use of slang. Social media already highly influenced the way we speak and write, but how large of a role does it have on our thoughts?
Get original essayMaybe more than any of us realize, altering the underlying foundations of our very being: our attitudes, values and beliefs. Media platforms such as Facebook and Snapchat are having an effect on slang and language generally. In both platforms there is an impact on the English language due to the improper use of grammar, punctuation and sentence structure. It could be argued that this trend amounts to a lazy form of communication, but in a fast-paced society, it facilitates fast and convenient interaction. The internet is a trigger for a huge amount of words to be created but also the reason for their ability to be picked up and used by others regularly. A decade ago, it would have taken years for a slang phrase to become well known as it travelled due to word of mouth whereas today it can take a matter of weeks for an expression to ‘go viral’. Even entering dictionaries as legitimate words. New vocabularies are being introduced on the internet very rapidly, used excessively, such as the new words added to the Collins Official Scrabble dictionary such as ‘grrl’ or ‘thang’.
Technology is giving slang and new words a respectability as well as a visibility. An additional aspect of the English language that is being altered is the concept of friendship. Social media websites and applications such as Facebook and Snapchat change what it means to be a friend and what it means to communicate with other people. Much like Facebook, Snapchat refers to users as ‘friends’ and encourages users to add and interact with these friends through the app. Traditionally, people view friendships as one-on-one interactions that take time to build and mature. Social media platforms challenge this notion by allowing people to call hundreds or even thousands of people ‘friends’. Although Snapchat also offers the term ‘best friend’ for those you snap frequently, this label is also complicated. As users, we must consider how these labels change the way that we interact with other people on Snapchat. These blanket terms might cause users to send snaps to more people because they start thinking of them as ‘friends’ or ‘best friends’.
In this way, the technology itself guides our use of the application and the way that we communicate with other and how we communicate. Social media interactions have influenced the evolution of language and such communications have had major cultural consequences including the meaning behind ‘friendship’ and the use of slang.
Social media has had a significant growth in recent years across the globe even in the societies that are considered to be closely knit. There are significant globaldevelopment, which are making it very difficult to live in a world that is not based on technology. Social media is not just a social interaction place but it is has been significantly modified in recent years creating a high level focus on the need to integrate business activities within social places based on the high level of engagement. Saudi Arabia is one of the countries in the world that for so long it had resisted western technological development although the view has significantly changed creating a well-developed society that is much more flexible than it was in past years. Social media has been a significant aspect within Saudi Arabia communities with significant influence on the people despite the rigidity of the Saudi Arabia social environment. There have been major rules and regulations that have been put in place to govern social media in Saudi Arabia by focusing on its overall engagement on the lives of individuals. This research paper provides a detailed analysis on the rules and regulation on social media as well as its overall influence on the lives of its citizens.
Get original essaySocial media involves a number of social interaction sites, whichhave been significantly engaged in creating a significant understanding on the need to improve individual overall focus based on the increasing technological development. It is important to put into consideration important elements within societal environment where it is very easy to engage individuals across different societies. The high-level influence of social media requires a significant focus on the need to put in place laws and regulation, which can help in streamlining the overall environment where individuals are able to embrace social media in their lives. Social media in Saudi Arabia is a new development, which has been effectively put into consideration by the changing high-level focus on technology development as a western-based weapon aimed at derailing the growth of Islam(Makki & Chang, 2015).
Saudi Arabia is a country that is deeply developed under strictadherence of the sharia law, which requires significant focus on Islamic teaching, which have been against technological development for so long within the country. The overall focus on technological development has been made in the recent past although it is important to note that there is no significant freedom of media since it is guided by strict measures, which everyone is expected to abide. The social media environment is largely regulated which means that there is no free association although the focus on the technological advancement is likely to positively impact on the Saudi society and play a crucial role in developing a free society which is developed based on crucial understanding of important aspects within societal development(Al Saud & Khan, 2013).
The global focus on technology has made it very difficult for countries to develop without embracing the technological changes. Saudi Arabia is one of the countries that for so long have resisted change although the significant focus on their own development has led to leverage on certain important aspects within the society with technology focus being one of the key aspects that have been considered. The need to create a better environment for interaction away from dictatorial regime has been a significant aspect, which has been developed within Saudi Arabia within critical focus on the need to embrace technology and social media interaction among citizens. The measures that have been put in place regarding regulating the social media environment have majorly been based on crucial understanding on the need to develop a better understanding and environment where individuals would be able to exercise their rights effectively. The focus to create a clear environment under which organizational engagement can be successful is an important aspect to consider when creating crucial understanding on what needs to be considered within social environment.
By January 2017, 50% of the world population had access to the internet. The worldwide number of social media subscriberswas expected to exceed 2 billion people across the globe. There are various social media networks, which are differently engaged, based on a number of key aspects such as operational environment, terms and conditions as well as the general content, which is shared on the social media sites. North America is the leading region in social media penetration considering the technological developments and innovations that have occurred in the region over the years. The Middle East has been significantly on the rise in social media penetration over recent years with an average above the global average percentage at 60%. The availability of smartphones and reduced costs of internet packages are some of the key reason explaining the high-level social media penetration in Middle East(Aldhaban, Daim, & Harmon, 2017).
Saudi Arabia’s social media technology has been significantly increasing due to the low average age of the country’s population who have highly embraced technology. The most popular social media network in Saudi Arabia has been YouTube with a 65% penetration rate. Facebook is the second most engaged social media network in the country with a 57% penetration rate followed by Instagram at 52% based on 2016 report. The engagement of these social media networks have been effectively developed creating a crucial environment where it would ensure that the social media networks, which are operational within the country, comply with the values, which define the people and social interactions of the people of Saudi Arabia(Felix, Rauschnabel, & Hinsch, 2017).
The different levels of penetration have focused on easiness to use the social media network and the overall environment in which they are allowed to operate from. It is important to ensure that there is a crucial understanding on important elements, which influence the level of engagement between different social media networks. The operational environment as well as the overall need to develop a clear understanding on what needs to be done has created a critical environment where it is much easy to engage in the social media sites in place.
The Saudi government is one of the highly protective countries in the world with high-developedlaws, which are aimed at limiting the overall engagement among the citizens. The country has put in place critical laws and regulations, which are aimed at creating a significant environment where it would be possible to restrict the content that is being accessed by the public. The laws and regulations that have been put in place are significantly monitored by state agencies, which hold any one accountable, based on the assertion that their posts on social media violate any of the laws that have been put in place(Al-Saggaf & Simmons, 2014).
The kingdom of Saudi Arabia has enacted a number of laws, which have focused in limiting the overall engagement within social media environment. It is important to understand that the entire of the Middle East has no significant focus on free media hence the government puts in place restrictions to ensure that citizens have a reduced engagement environment where they can be easily monitored. Questioning the decisions made by the government are always seen as an act of treason, which is a highly punishable offense. The Saudi Arabia society is much closed and thus they do not entertain social media messages, which are seen to contravene the underlying focus on important elements within societal engagement. The overall environment where there is appositive engagement based on general interaction forms the basis under which Saudi social media laws are developed (Makki & Chang, 2015).
Any offense that is committed based on use of technology-based device or platform is considered as a cybercrime and anall-social media offenses are reviewed based on anti-cyber laws. The internet has become an integral part of individuals within the kingdom creating a significant focus where individuals are able to engage with each other based on the underlying laws and regulations, which govern personal space. Anti-cybercrime laws are put in place to provide a clear environment where it is possible to engage an individual on a violation on the section of the anti-cybercrimelaws, which are developed, with crucial focus on the social media environment.
The anti-cybercrime law of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia was disseminated by royal decree in 2007. The law is very wide containing 16 articles with significant basis on sharia, which plays a critical role in protecting the right to privacy for everyone within the kingdom as well as ensuring that any invasion is effectively prohibited. The increased use of social media in the kingdom has significantly pushed up the number of cybercrimes. The high rates of cybercrimes are mainly based on the fact that many people within the kingdom are not aware of the laws in place and thus do not know the time when they are crossing the line between what need to be considered and what is considered as a violation(Alghamdi & Reilly, 2013).
There is also an understanding that individuals within the kingdom have commit cybercrimes knowing that it will be very difficult for the government to catch up them especially based on sophisticated social media networks which have significant privacy features which protect their users from a third party access to their private and confidential information. The cybercrimes in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia can be effectively understood effectively when classified under three key categories based on the level of engagement and the penalties that have been put place as punitive measures for different cyber-crimes committed by citizens of the kingdom.
The crimes that are highlighted under this category include invading individual privacy, defamation of any legal or natural person and gaining illegal access to any data that is considered classified or making unauthorized access to certain information, blackmail or coercion. Any individuals who is found guilty to have committed the crimes mentioned within this category is eligible to fines up to 500,000 Saudi riyals, an imprisonment of up to one year or both based on court decision(Kleijnen, Ramanathan, Rizley, Holland, & Morrissey, 2016).
This category includes crimes involving unauthorized access or hacking of social media accounts. Any individual who is found guilty having committed these crimes is eligible for a four-year prison sentence or 3,000,000 Saudi riyals.
The crimes that are included in this category are crimes related to publication, transmission or storage of materials that are inconsistent with public policy, morality and religious values of the kingdom, publishing pornography and distribution of narcotics. An individual who is found guilty of having committed any of these crimes is eligible to 3,000,000 Saudi riyals, five-year sentence or both (Kleijnen et al., 2016).
A key issue in this case has been the implementation of this laws and the threshold under which cyber criminals are held responsible for their actions. The sharia law does not provide a for a high level of burden of truth as long as there is an understanding about a given crime and the perpetrator is aware it can be ruled either way depending on the interpretation made within the court system. The overall engagement within the kingdom on social media networks requires critical focus on ensuring that there is a better understanding of the underlying laws and regulations in order to be better placed in understanding what is considered a violation of the anti-cybercrime and the actions that are within the accepted threshold. Social media have theirownpolicies, which guide their operations. The kingdom of Saudi Arabia has provided the companies with significant need and understanding on the key values that need to be upheld in creating a better environment where they can be allowed to operate(Worth, 2012).
The anti-cybercrime legislation was developed effective to ensure that the right to privacy is highly upheld among all social media users as well as punishing the criminals who are trying to invade other people’s privacy without their consent. The social media users are therefore tasked with managing their own actions on social media to ensure that they are well engaged and remain within the required thresholds of the law, which are critical to achieve. An important aspect that has been highlighted in this case is the underlying focus on the fact that ignorance of the law is not under any circumstance the basis under which the criminal action can be justified. It is important to review the underlying cybercrime laws and regulation and ensuring that they are followed in creating a better social media engagement. The cybercrime laws therefore help in ensuring that the social media environment is regulated(Chaudhry, 2014).
Regulation is key in ensuring that different stakeholders are engaged positively considering the high chance that the freedom of an individual could lead to violation of other ones rights. Social media is allows fun and effective interaction which need to be maintained at a certain level in ensuring that there is a positive engagement under which there is a clear understanding on what needs to be considered in ensuring that there is a positive engagement across all individuals within social media environment.
The Saudi authorities are putting in place crucial measures, which are aimed at creating a significant environment where the implementation of the laws could be effectively handled as well as ensuring that there is a better understanding on the need to develop a proper focus on the underlying focus positive engagement on social media. There is an understanding that the existing anti cybercrime laws are more general which cannot effectively form the basis under which an individual can be effectively tried and found guilty on a specific offense committed. The review is focusing on the loopholes within the current laws, which are being exploited by social media users.
The major focus for the review on the existing anti cybercrime laws is to initiate legal proceeding against social media giant companies such as Twitter and Facebook for allowing accounts, which are significantly against the values, and social norms, which govern and guide the people of Saudi Arabia. The companies have allowed accounts that promote adultery, homosexuality andatheism to continue operation with the kingdom which are playing part in the cultural erosion that is taking place within the kingdom. According to the report, there exists at least 25,000 accounts on twitter targeting Saudi nationals and their culture and at least 4,500 accounts on twitter, which promote atheism in Saudi Arabia written in Arabic language. The violation of the basic religious and moral understanding on these issues play a key role in influencing the operational environment where these companies can be significantly engaged in creating a clear environment where they can be effectively engaged in creating a well engaged environment(Makki & Chang, 2015).
The kingdom of Saudi Arabia is developed under very strict and limited media operational environment with no guarantees in the constitution regarding the freedom of expression. The Saudi government has curtailed the freedom of expression. This is mainly considering to the fact that the kingdom has not been developed on democratic grounds. Article 39 of the Saudiconstitution, which covers expression, asserts that information, publication and all other medias will apply a courteous language and the states regulations which will help in promoting nation building and unity. The article prohibits any form of communication that fosters division on state security and public relations or detractman’s dignity and rights. This is a clear assertion that the freedom that Saudi nationals have to express themselves is subject to state approval, which means that there is no clear freedom of expression within the kingdom from any media, which includes social media (Alghamdi & Reilly, 2013).
Article 12 of the basic law also asserts that state will prevent anything that is more likely to cause disunity within the kingdom. It is very clear that there is consideration in place which highlights the understanding freedom of expression that members of the kingdom are expected to enjoy. The state is the custodian of the rights and freedoms enjoyed by individuals and thus sets the limits, which can be reached by individual. This is crucial in ensuring that there is no violation while they can also limit the rights and freedom of its citizens when there is an understanding that a given action is likely to cause harm to the state than good.(Seliaman & Al-Turki, 2012)
Saudi government developed the press and publications act in 2003, which was an amended version of the Press law of the year 1963. The newly amended laws provided a more liberal environment where media was allowed to operate but ensured that they still operated within the required state thresholds. The media based on the press and publication acts was allowed to report on bad news within the kingdom, which was limited to fires and criticizing policies although critique of the leaders and rulers was not warranted and could lead to negative consequences on an individual. However, the press and publications act does not provide any considerationof a free media but media that is regulated by state authorities who must be able to analyses information before it can be aired to the citizens. Constructive criticism is significantly encouraged under this law although it must not be pointing an accusation towards the rulers, which could have detrimental impact on the overall ability to disseminate crucial information within a given social environment(Worth, 2012).
The current landscape has been significantly revolutionized considering the high focus on international media and social media where information cannot be easily sieved by the authorities. Social media has been highly engaged in the kingdom where information sharing is undertaken. The overall focus on creating a clear understanding on what need to be considered within the kingdom is key. The government has adopted a more lenient approach in dealing with violation of the laws by social media users although there are important considerations that are being put in place to ensure that there is a proper and regulated environment (Kleijnen et al., 2016).
This is where social media content can be reviewed effectively and ensure that any individual who is spreading negative statement about the kingdom and its government should be held accountable for their own actions. The laws that have been put in place have created a very critical environment where freedom of expression can be effectively practiced. There is need to develop a clear understanding on important laws which can be put into consideration in ensuring that the people of Saudi Arabia have a better social environment where they can effectively engaged each other for overall social development considering the increasing social development based on social media engagement across the globe (Tahat, 2014).
Social media has played a significant role in opening up the Saudi Arabia society to the world. The Saudi government initially had put in place a strong emphasis on a conservative society which viewed technological development as immoral and aimed sway them away from the underlying teaching is Quran. The development of more flexible policies, which allowed technology development within the country, has created a significant environment where there is positive engagement where many individuals are on social media where they are able to interact with the rest of the world. The flexible social environment has created a significant understanding on important aspects and development across the globe where the country has remained well informed(Tahat, 2014).
The focus on social media has opened up significant focus on the developments on social media, which include online marketing, which is a crucial strategy, which is revolutionizing the business environment. Social media has been able to open up significant online avenues where individuals are able to put in place key measures where they can develop and advance their business and share with the world. The world has become a global village, which means that sharing information has become very easy making it important in developing important aspects, which can be considered in creating a better understanding on what needs to be done within social media environment. Online marketing based on the social media environment is having significant influence on the Saudi business environment considering the high level of engagement. Online marketing is playing a key role in creating a better environment where it would be very easy to engage individuals within their own comfort zones. Almost 50% of the country is made of young individuals this means that there is increasing focus on social media, which will be able to open up other avenues, which are crucial in both social and business environment.
Social media has played a key role in championing for women’s rights in Saudi Arabia. It is much easier in Saudi Arabia to communicate and interact on social media than making statement in the press, which are likely to be viewed as inciting to cause, violate which is one of the violations of the media laws. The Saudi Arabia media industry is not very much open considering the significant limitations to the freedom of expression that citizens are entitled to in a civilized and democratic. This means that even though the anti-cyber and media laws have capped social media, it is still important to makes statements, which can create positive change within the society. Recently women in Saudi Arabia have been allowed to drive something, which was unheard of in recent past. The change of attitude towards matters of national importance in the country have formed a clear understanding on what needs to be considered in ensuring that there is a better focus and engagement within the society(Hussain & Ahmad, 2014).
The kingdom of Saudi Arabia is opening up to the world through important developments and thus social media is applying a crucial role in influencing the decisions that are being made by the government. The government has close monitoring on social media, which means that it is very much aware of the conversations that are taking place, which helps in making decisions that influence the people of Saudi Arabia.
The social media have provided Saudi nationals with in alternative to the state controlled press, which cannot critic the government. The press does not address the real issues in the society but rather spend more time praising the government or religious sermons. You tube has played a crucial role in providing platform for many entertainment companies which are uploading their content on YouTube and help engage the YouTube subscribers thus offering alternative entertainment(Al-Saggaf & Simmons, 2014).
The learning environment has also been significantly boosted by the advancement in social media with significant focus on YouTube. The availability of tutorials have helped both learners and instructors to have a better environment where they can learn important concepts considering the fact that they are important elements based on the overall wellbeing of the entire society. The learning environment has also been boosted where students are able to interact over social media and have important understanding on what needs to be considering in creating a clear environment where it would be much easier to relate with each other as well as other learners from the global focus. The overall need to put in place key measures in the overall social development has been positively influenced by the emergence of social media.
However, even though social media is considered to have played a crucial role in revolutionizing the social interactions, it is important to note that there is significant cultural erosion within the country. The high-level engagement on social media among young Saudis has played a detrimental role in reshaping the cultural environment. Saudi Arabia is a country that is developed based on strong cultural and religious background and has remained intact for so long until the integration of technology and emergence of social media. Managing social media has proved to be a very difficult task to the government making it difficult to control the level of engagement and the information that is shared by individuals based on the privacy policies that are put in place by these social network policies. These social network companies highly value customer privacy and would not risk sharing personal and private information with a thirty party unless otherwise(Al-Khalifa, 2012).
The erosion of key cultural principles is detrimental to the Saudi heritage which is one of the best engaged in the world. The westernization influence is significantly influenced Saudi citizens, which will automatically lead to high-level integration of foreign culture. One of the key reasons why the government was very much reluctant in putting in embracing technology was a key understanding that technology will have a detrimental impact to the people of Saudi, which will create problems in the system. The key legislations that have been put in place have been unable to play a key role limiting the overall influence that social media is having to the people of Saudi Arabia(Alwagait, Shahzad, & Alim, 2015).
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Get custom essaySocial media is highly engaged in Saudi Arabia. This has been made possible by changes that have been put in place by the government to ensure that the country is able to embrace global development. Social media legislation that have been put in place have aimed limiting the interaction processes among the citizens although the privacy regulations that have been put in place by social network companies do not allow government interference in their operations especially access of private and personal information with a third party. Social media has improved the overall interaction among the Saudi nationals while it has also been detrimental in eroding key underlying cultural values, which define the Saudi culture.
Within T.S. Eliot’s “The Hollow Men” the influences of society and how it can affect the general personality of the public is reflected in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Countee Cullen’s “Yet Do I Marvel”. Eliot uses the contradiction of hollow and stuffed men to set up how men have been affected by their societies, the contrast making them devoid of emotion and numb. Their insubstantial filling being the logic and principles that society has provided. Societal influences have taken the place of spiritual transcendence resulting in a lack of understanding of the nature of God and a movement towards the material world. Fitzgerald expands on this by having his characters reflect traits from Eliot’s poem while Cullen’s poem makes a statement about his society by talking about the spiritual presence of God and using it to explain what seems to be his overall view of his fellow man. The overall statement that is made of society in “The Hollow Men” seems to be that it cannot take the place of God and this can be found in both Fitzgerald’s and Cullen’s pieces.
Get original essayEliot uses a children’s song to reflect the cyclical nature of society and the world. By saying “Here we go round the prickly pear” it is implied that events will inevitably repeat themselves (Eliot 252). This is supported by Fitzgerald by the nature of Nick Carraway. Nick went to war so that he could escape his past but now that he has returned he has returned to what he was trying to initially escape. He decides to get a job that reflects his past and states, “Everybody I knew was in the bond business, so I supposed it could support one more single man” (Fitzgerald 3). Nick returns from the war restless; and even though he is trying to settle down and gain a sense of the past that he tried to escape by going to war he is still trying to see the world in a military view. He even states that when he returned to the East that he wanted the world to be uniform and at a sort of moral attention forever which reflects a militaristic view (Fitzgerald 2).
Nick wants to establish a sense of stability in his society and bring his past back to the forefront of his future in this way. Another way in which Fitzgerald displays the cyclical nature of Eliot’s poem is with his character of Gatsby. Gatsby went to war to essentially create a new identity and this can be represented by the symbol of the light at the end of Daisy’s dock. The light is green as almost a representation of new life, growth, and the money that it took to turn Gatsby into a new man (Fitzgerald 21). When Gatsby returns from the war he spends all of his efforts with this new persona to win Daisy who is a love from his past (Fitzgerald). He can’t escape the dream of his past that perpetuated into his future and ultimately is killed because of it.
The fact that Fitzgerald’s characters are continuously trying to regain a sense of their past suggests how they can’t seek to delve further into their society without the understanding of who they are in the past. Also since the past may repeat itself if the characters lack an understanding of their past it shows that the same mistakes can be made. Nick himself can’t seem to handle his own families transgressions in the past and seeks to not repeat them. Trying to solve them is part of why he goes to war since his Uncle has gotten out of the war by sending someone in his stead (Fitzgerald 3). Even Gatsby though he is essentially pursuing a part of his past, is also trying to escape a part of his past, and in the end it is proven that he cannot escape his past as one of the few people that attend his funeral is his father (Fitzgerald).
“The Hollow Men” uses the images of eyes that are not there, the multifoliate rose, prayers to broken stone, a broken column, stone images, and a fading star to paint a view of the broken spirituality in his society (Eliot). The column represents a structure that has fallen and the fading star can symbolize the north star but by saying that it is fading it implies that the spirituality is fading from the world. Fitzgerald expands on this with Nicks view of the parties that he attends. The parties can represent the spirituality that the characters are unable to achieve. They let loose during these gaudy displays however Nick is unable to fully appreciate the parties. He essentially has to get drunk to have any enjoyment at all and then claims that it was his second time ever getting drunk. The fact that Nick doesn’t really enjoy the parties, describing them by saying “I was within and without, simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the inexhaustible variety of life” suggests that he cannot achieve a level of transcendentalism because he is held back by his society (Fitzgerald 35). His focus is completely on the material of the party when he is with the lower class. His first party with Gatsby he seems to get a feel for the atmosphere by stating, “I had taken two finger-bowels of champagne, and the scene had changed before my eyes into something significant, elemental, and profound” (Fitzgerald 47). Again it is implied that to truly let loose and appreciate the feel of the party rather than the look of it Nick has to drink.
Another way in which Fitzgerald displays the spirituality from Eliot’s “The Hollow Men” is by directly pulling T.S. Eliot into his novel as the character of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg by having his eyes represent those of Gods. At one point the character of Wilson states “God sees everything,” while looking at the eyes of T.J. Eckleburg which directly applies the name of God to the eyes of the billboard (Firzgerald 160). In “The Hollow Men” the eyes are no longer there which implies that though they see they are no longer comprehending, they are detached from God perhaps because they have fully embraced society. Fitzgerald brings in these eyes and has them overlook The Valley of Ashes which references just how detached his society is.
Though the eyes are present in Fitzgerald’s novel they aren’t really overlooking anything, just ashes and they’ve dimmed. So as the character of Wilson says, God sees everything but at this point the people are so detached from God that there is nothing to see. The Valley of Ashes itself can also represent the dead cactus land that Eliot discusses in his poem (251). This would imply that the characters that live there, such as Wilson, are the scarecrows that Eliot describes. Wilson’s personality is described like that of the hollow men as well, he is shown by Fitzgerald as a spiritless man and when he first meets Nick, Nick states that a damp gleam of hope sprang into his eyes (25). This can reflect the poem where it states,“The hope only/ Of empty men” (Eliot 251). Wilson is the empty man that is still daring to hope but even his hope is devoid and lacking in emotion. Wilson's character is trapped by his society as well. He doesn’t make enough money at his job to fully pursue his dreams but he still has a hope that he will be able to make something of himself.
Society in Fitzgerald’s novel directly influences the actions of the characters as well. Just as society seems to have left the hollow men devoid; and they seem to be merely going through the motions as hinted by the line “Gathered on this beach of the tumid river” (251). In Fitzgerald’s novel society has basically stripped the characters of their free will. In Eliot’s poem they seem to be dictated by their own flaws where society is dictating Fitzgerald’s characters. Though Tom is secretly having an affair with Myrtle it is obvious that he will not leave Daisy for her partly because of her lower class. Even though Nick doesn’t think well of Tom because of his affair it is shown that Nick has had a similar situation that he is running away from (Fitzgerald). The descriptions that Nick gives the houses in East Egg verses West Egg directly shows the differences in class. He describes his own home as a small eyesore (Fitzgerald 5). The descriptions of Daisy and Myrtle reflect a difference in their classes as well. Where Daisy is waif like and elegant, Myrtle is energetic and fleshy (Fitzgerald). Nick despite wishing to be a different person seems to not want to disappoint his society, even though he doesn’t agree with Tom’s affair he doesn’t say anything to Daisy about it. Then later he even helps Daisy to have her own affair. He wants to be socially accepted and it appears that he portrays himself to his reader in a certain way to achieve this.
The character of Gatsby represents how society can change a person. Nick as he writes the story already knows all the details but still keeps the mystery of Gatsby until closer to the end of the novel. In part the mystery that Gatsby is shrouded in shows just how society can define someone. Everywhere Nick goes he hears speculation of who Gatsby is, even before he’s met Gatsby. He hears that Gatsby is the nephew of the Kaiser, that he is a bootlegger and multiple other scenarios. The only real view that is given of Gatsby is the view that Nick has of him and besides his interpretations the only other views we get are from others comments of Gatsby. This paints Gatsby’s character as almost an entirely societal figure.
The fact that no one knows Gatsby’s history or where he came from suggests that while reinventing himself he became exactly what he expected society to want him to be. Though it is later found that the parties are being thrown as a lure for Daisy it can be interpreted at first that his outlandish parties are thrown with the sole purpose of pleasing his society. Also the fact that a lot of Gatsby seems to be almost fake at first, his mansion is this faux castle and even his accent doesn’t seem authentic to Nick. Nick also describes that the history Gatsby originally gives him seems unbelievable. It can be discerned that in order to fit in with society one must take away their individuality and with that conformity will come acceptance. In the beginning of the novel the Gatsby that is given doesn’t appear to have any substance which could represent that by becoming such an integral part of society he has ceased to have individual traits. This can directly relate to the hollow men that are leaning together, these men no longer seem to have separate facets of a personality, that are essentially all one entity (Eliot 249). Later the view given of Gatsby is filled with depth but even then the mystery of how his society views him overshadows the man that he really was.
In Countee Cullen’s poem society is not directly implied in the poem but by his descriptions of God he seem’s to be poking at his society’s perceptions. The poem contrasts “The Hollow Men” as the sole purpose is the wonder of a black man singing and in “The Hollow Men” a conflict with these men is that their jaws are broken (Eliot 251). Eliot’s men can no longer utter prayers or even really speak since all they are able to do is utter which could mean what they are able to say is insubstantial. Cullen’s men on the other hand are able to sing but it is implied that they are scorned for this ability.
The fact that Cullen states that this ability for a black man to sing is the only thing that he seems to question about God’s will. He seems to imply that if it isn’t a sort of mistake it is some sort of punishment for the black man. He demonstrates this by discussing what almost seems to be the Greek Gods by talking about Tantalus and Sisyphus’s punishments. The fact that the myths have an explanation for why these two characters are punished seems to suggest that Cullen’s God has no reason for why a black man is bid to sing.
If there is a reason for it then perhaps he will never know it. He directly says this by stating “Inscrutable His ways are, and immune/ To catechism by a mind too strewn” which means that God’s reasons are impossible to interpret by the societal standards and principles of religion. So even though Cullen’s black man still has his voice he is just as devoid as the hollow men with the broken jaws. Just because he is able to sing doesn’t make the songs any different then illegible utterings. This seems to hint that he is persecuted either way. The hollow men may not know why they are unable to utter prayers just as the black man does not understand why God would bid him sing. Both could be in a state of distance due to the affects there society may have on them. Despite the fact that a black man can sing it is inferred that people are not receptive of his singing which why the singing itself could be a form of punishment. His society does not wish to accept him and his question in the poem seems ask why his society would punish him when he has the same abilities as them.
Countee Cullen also seems to be referencing more of a Puritanical God, the fact that the God he discusses lacks transcendental values which reflects Eliot’s Hollow men. Eliot makes references to the underworld and perhaps to corrupt clergy with his lines “ Headpiece filled with straw” and all of the references to God in his poem seem to be broken images or unuttered prayers. Cullen sets up his God to reflect these images by starting with almost a compliment to his poem. He states that he has no doubt about God’s good attributes but then essentially states that if God deigned to explain these things then he is sure he’d have perfectly good excuses and reasons even if the logic may make no sense to Cullen’s society (Cullen).
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Get custom essaySociety ends up becoming a sort of substitution for spirituality in these texts just as the characters in The Great Gatsby have substitutions, for instance Nick substitutes Gatsby for an ideal that he wants to be. While in “Yet Do I Marvel” the substitution is in a Puritanical God verses a sort of Greek deity. These texts relate how a society can change and influence the actions of individuals and though one may try to use it as a substitution for spirituality it is insubstantial as portrayed by the vapid natures of the hollow men in Eliot’s poem. The act of trying to force an ideal of spirituality into a societal mold doesn’t seem to work and only seems to result in a lack of understanding on the part of the society. Such is the example in Countee Cullen’s poem. His ability to sing may have come from God but it didn’t fit what his community was used to and so resulted in persecution. Inevitably society cannot replace spirituality without losing a portion of it’s soul and resulting in men that are devoid of life.