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Within any system of oppression, the oppressed, once they realize their treatment is a type of oppression, oftentimes have the impulse to resist. This resistance, sometimes exceptionally dangerous, often bucked by popular opinion and those who have not recognized their own oppression, can take several different forms. Few can deny writing remains one of the most influential types of resistance, words capable of breaking down barriers that divide, a form of education that reaches out to the masses.
Get original essayWithin several distinguished African texts such as Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, women exhibit exceptional craft and wit to buck traditional gender roles and circumnavigate the systems of oppression established through patriarchal norms. This circumvention not only occurs within the actual text, exhibited by strong characters such as Aunty Ifeoma in Purple Hibiscus and Ezinma in Things Fall Apart, but also within the techniques the authors use to tell their narratives, paying close attention to narration and characterization.
A discussion of female subversion and strength, particularly within the context of African literature and culture, proves to be exceptionally timely, especially amid American perceptions and misunderstandings pertaining to African culture. While one cannot deny that violence against women and a deeply engrained patriarchal structure exists in some African societies, we seldom consider womankind’s own ingenuity in circumnavigating these structures and rebelling when deemed necessary and appropriate.
Some critics have praised strong women as they gain more agency and climb the ranks within many different professional fields, while others have difficulty coping with these changes, particularly to familial responsibilities being delegated between the sexes. Professor Oseni Taiwo Afisi praises traditional African culture for its strong reliance on the principle of equality—compartmentalizing tasks based on the strengths of each gender without hierarchy—while also demonizing women, labeled empowered within his piece “Power and Womanhood in Africa: An Introductory Evaluation”. He states that these women, by choosing to stray away from what he views as familial obligations in order to pursue careers outside of the domestic sphere, endanger morality. He credits lapses in morality, as seen through “cultism in our schools, corruption in all fields of our lives and electoral fraud in our polity” to a lack of strong familial structure with the female fulfilling domestic responsibilities (Afisi 236).
While Afisi’s praises of the magic of womanhood should be noted, it seems as if he romanticizes the role of women within traditional African society quite a bit for his own intellectual and argumentative gain. He makes an effort to commend women who have become political leaders such as Africa’s first female president Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf of Liberia and economic leaders such as “managing directors of banks, insurance, and also directors of general public corporations” but criticizes these women for not adequately performing their roles of wives and mothers.
Perhaps his most problematic argument stems from the concept that equality had been reached within Africa before colonial powers influenced the nation. He argues that due to colonialism, women have been placed on a lower rung to make way for capitalism, globalization, need for power, superiority, and “compartmentalization of roles and responsibilities with different values attached to them” (Afisi 234). He insists that women now occupy passive roles due to colonization: female children uneducated because of the implication that they will become young brides, domestic violence running rampant and women having little very little parental rights over their children.
While colonial powers definitely played a role in furthering this gender divide, as we see in works such as Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie with the relationship between Eugene and Beatrice, it did exist before colonial powers emerged. The beginning of Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe takes place before colonial intervention, showing an Igbo society prior to European influence, then during the introduction of it. In this piece, there is still oppression and violence against women, specifically tied to a type of toxic masculinity represented by the main character Okonkwo. The preference of masculinity over femininity within this society is not only seen through Okonkwo’s violence against his wives, but also through the usage of feminine as an insult and the gendering of particular crops. Yams are often described as a masculine crop within the text, signifying not only their heartiness and the strength needed to harvest the vegetable, but also the economic importance of the vegetable to the society. Legumes are described as feminine because they are supplemental, easy to harvest, and economically insignificant in comparison to yams.
Afisi also makes an effort to defend perhaps one of the most harmful aspects of the patriarchal familial structure in African culture—polygamy—by insisting that polygamy remains the best structure for “achieving family social and economic stability” within a culture where on average more females are born than males (Afisi 231). He uses a quote by B. Dobson to bolster his argument which states that women “might otherwise never enjoy the status and benefits which accompany becoming a mother, a bearer of children” (Afisi 232). The issue stems from the lack of choice within this arrangement. While some women would benefit from more economic stability and affluence in exchange for child rearing, other women would perhaps take a different path if given the opportunity. Women, within this idealistic traditional society that Afisi presents, still do not have equal rights because they are not given the same amount of choices as men, and are still pigeonholed to one specific path instead of given the opportunity to explore different paths.
With attitudes such as Afisi’s promoting a return to traditional values, despite the fact that several times within his piece he identifies some of these values as oppressive towards the female sex, one can start to gain insight into how important women writing about women (as well as men writing well developed female characters) has become in this modern time. Without catalogues of lived experiences, the complexities of womanhood can be lost, especially upon a modern reader who seeks to understand each side to the narrative in its entirety.
Writers such as Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Chinua Achebe have both brought voice to African women who perhaps would not have had their narratives told otherwise. While Achebe’s “Things Fall Apart” centers around a male narrator, he provides rich characterization to the female characters, refusing to succumb to stereotypes. He also provided a platform for female writers to exercise their voices in his short story anthology. Adichie, a feminist Catholic Igbo writer, offers a unique perspective particularly through her piece “Purple Hibiscus” which follows the maturation of Kambili, her softspoken narrator.
Aunty Ifeoma, Eugene’s widowed sister, represents a pivotal foil to Beatrice’s submissiveness and adherence to the status quo. While Beatrice embodies the peacekeeper within the family—a woman who picks up the remains of messes her husband makes—Ifeoma pays little attention to whether she ruffles her brother’s sensitive feathers, especially pertaining to how she addresses him. During the family’s time in Abba, Ifeoma points out that “everybody in Abba will tell Eugene only what he wants to hear. Do our people not have sense? Will you pinch the finger of the hand that feeds you?” (Adichie 96) Ifeoma, though freedom gained through sad circumstance, has gained freedom within the way she lives her life. No one monitors how loudly she can laugh, or how often she can grin widely with her gapped teeth. Ifeoma insists to Beatrice that sometimes “life begins when marriage ends” showing that she has genuinely gained a new lease on life, contradicting Afisi’s argument previously stated that polygamy benefits women, because a woman unmarried cannot enjoy status, benefits, or cultural respect (Adichie 75). Aunty Ifeoma teaches at the university, and while she admits her life is not easy, she insists that she remains genuinely happy within her life choices. She refuses to ask her brother for aid because as an intelligent, educated woman, she understands that dependence on her brother to provide for her strips her of her autonomy. She understands that within this structure of control Eugene has established, and society has reinforced, she surrenders certain freedoms just by admitting that she could use his assistance financially or otherwise.
While Eugene remains the symbolic figurehead of patriarchy within the family, patriarchy exists in other forms as well, exhibited through the “Roman Catholic Church, education, and the State” (Stobie 421). Adichie argues that toxic masculinity and unchecked patriarchal power leads to political corruption, unlike Afisi who argues that political corruption can be credited to women who have stretched themselves too thin, trying to adhere to their cultural responsibilities as mother and wife while pursuing their own ambitions.
The other main elderly male character, Papa-Nnukwu, gains reader’s admiration within the text. Despite his casual sexism, stating that once he dies his spirit will intercede for Ifeoma to find her a good man to take care of her and the children, he remains a sympathetic character due to his good nature, generosity towards Kambili and Jaja, and willingness to forgive his tyrannical son who has casted him off for his traditionalism which he labels as paganism (Adichie 83). Adichie does not deny that flaws exist within this type of traditionalism, but seems to favor it to the fanatical Catholicism showed within Eugene’s character. She seeks to contradict Afisi’s earlier point that sexism within African culture is a new phenomenon by juxtaposing these men within the same piece, showing that both the modern, post-colonial, democratic, Catholic culture and the traditional, pagan, Igbo culture are sexist in one way or another.
There is something to also be said about how Ifeoma interacts with her elderly father. While remaining respectful towards him, she does subvert his casual sexism with tiny sarcasms and truths about her lives. When told that he would help her find a good man to take care of her after death, she responds that she would his spirit hasten her “promotion to senior lecturer” showing that she does not expect a man to provide for her, and knows the means to better provide for herself (Adichie 83). Earlier within that scene, she also contradicts her father when he states that within education, because she is a woman, she does not count. This particular section remains important and outlines the innate sexism that still exists. Despite Ifeoma and Eugene receiving the same exact education through missionary schools, Eugene has found power through the male dominated Catholic church, while Ifeoma cannot receive a promotion at the university to help care for her children. Ifeoma responds to his casual sexism in a light, teasing way, without sharply criticizing her father.
Another element to consider when discussing female subversion is Adichie herself. The piece slowly unravels like the unfurling of a hibiscus within a garden, only with time the flower does not grow more beautiful but more violent, revealing complexities and contradictions within Eugene’s character over time. In the beginning, there are soft, subtle hints about Eugene’s violent impulses—he is not written in a way that automatically assigns him the role of villain. The opening scene within the novel shows Eugene throwing the church missal and shattering Beatrice’s ballerina figurines to pieces in reaction the Jaja’s actions in mass. The love sips showing that Kambili has developed an understanding of love as painful and earned. Then, Adichie slowly escalates the violence, dropping hints about bruises on Beatrice and explaining how she miscarries, a repercussion for the merciless beatings from Eugene. Finally, Adichie unveils the scope of Eugene’s abuses, showing his full physical violence when he whips his family when Kambili breaks the Eucharistic fast, and forces Kambili and Jaja to soak their feet in boiling water as punishment for visiting their grandfather. Slowly unveiling this violence overtime is one way that Adichie makes the piece feel more believable, like a portrait of a family falling to pieces. By not assigning Eugene as villain immediately, she allows the reader to come to their own conclusions about the character. This slow progression buildup also makes the ending feeling within reach instead of farfetched.
Adichie also makes use of a young, naïve narrator at the cusp of her naivety. She does not model the narrator from her own beliefs but instead uses her as a blank slate for the ideas surrounding her. Perhaps, Adichie uses both of these techniques, the slow unfolding of violence and the naïve narrator, to place an objective lens on the story and to protect herself from heavy critique. When faced with the accusation that her novel read as feminist, she did not shy away from the content she chose to write, but instead, stood proudly behind her novel, not refusing the label of feminist. While receiving plenty of critique for this decision from men and women alike, she does not waver in her beliefs, which help to color her fiction in a new way.
Similarly, within Things Fall Apart, Achebe had a tremendous responsibility in the way that he chose to tell the narrative to include female voice that felt authentic. He includes two particularly subversive female characters within the piece: one of Okonkwo’s wives Ekwefi and her only daughter Ezinma. While the plotline with Ezinma reinforces the preference of males within the society, Okonkwo seeing many good traits within Ezinma which could be used to the fullest if she had been born male instead, it also presents the reader with a type of paradox. Why waste these precious skills, quick-wit and intellect? Why sentence Ezinma to a life of being a third wife when her capabilities stretch far past taking menial orders? Okonkwo, knowing that her quick wit will be viewed as mutiny instead of prized and used to better society, attempts to shut it out of her. He holds a soft spot for her, particularly because of this intellect but also her physical vulnerabilities, particularly after he experiences his own vulnerabilities in full later in the piece.
Another act of subversion in the piece takes place when Ezinma’s mother Ekwefi, sneaks out in spite of warnings to stay and sleep, to check on her daughter while the priestess treats her. This action, an act of passion not stemming from a rejection of the societal norms, but from love of her daughter and want to see her, remains an interesting act to analyze within the piece. There is more empathy within this situation than when Okonkwo’s other wife left cooking dinner to fix her hair before the festivities, though both women come from a central point of wanting to do what they want. One, however, can be explained within a cultural context by the passions of a mother who fears losing her child while the other assumes selfishness on the mother’s part. It seems that even rebellion here is monitored through a motherly lens: women can act out if it still remains in the best interest of the family.
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Get custom essayWith excellent representation of women within classic African literature, readers and critics alike can better understand the lived experience of an African woman, which ripples through polity choices and social attitude towards women obtaining more public sphere influence. While it seems not everyone is completely ready for pieces like Purple Hibiscus which bring to light the extent of oppression that can exist and how easily a victim of this violence and manipulation can be convinced that this is the only way their lives can unfurl, texts like this remain absolutely pivotal for understanding, persuading, and giving light to a narrative that has been largely ignored. It also abandons the Eurocentric notion that African women must be saved from the society they live in, because these women are strong enough to subvert society on their own in the ways they deem fit. Characters like Ifeoma and Ezima ripple the current of the pieces they are placed in, causing the narrative to change around them. Beatrice and Kambili gain strength to understand how dangerous Eugene’s presence within their lives has become, and Okonkwo is forced to show vulnerability through Ezima and Ekwifi’s presence. The ripple continues when these authors stand by the choices they have made in their works, not allowing critics to undermine the successes in their pieces.
The incidence of childhood obesity is increasing dramatically in Australia and worldwide. In Australia, the severity of obesity has adverse impacts on national health and wellbeing. Research found that 27% of school-age children are obese or overweight in Australia. To identify the main issues associated with poor health and nutrition in school age children, this essay has conducted a review of academic journals. This research is targeting the following issues by using secondary research methods: consumption of junk food, consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks, and parenting styles. Solutions, such as ‘Quick Service Restaurant Industry (QSRI) Initiative for Responsible Advertising and Marketing to Children’, ‘the Fresh Tastes @ School strategy (FT@S)' and ‘Skill-based healthful eating programs’ seem moderately successful. However, further research is recommended to solve the issue of children’s poor health.
Get original essayIn Australia, it is reported that over quarter of children aged between five and seventeen years were obese or overweight in 2014/2015 (Huse et al. 2018), and this trend of childhood obesity has been increasing at an alarming rate over the last 30 years. It is important to consider poor health and nutrition among children because poor diet during those ages has adverse health effects not only on children, but may also lead to long-term overweight, and increase the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases in adulthood (Pearson et al. 2014). This research aims to investigate the major issues associated with poor health and nutrition and focuses on three issues, namely, the consumption of junk-food, sugar-sweetened drinks and parenting styles and suggests and evaluates solutions that improve children’s overall health such as ‘Quick Service Restaurant Industry (QSRI) Initiative for Responsible Advertising and Marketing to Children’, ‘the Fresh Tastes @ School strategy (FT@S)' and ‘Skill-based healthful eating programs’. For the purposes of this report, school-age children are defined as ‘five to eighteen years old’.
The first significant issue associated with poor health and nutrition among school-age children in Australia is the consumption of junk-food. Junk-food, including fast-food, snacks and soft drinks are energy dense, and contain high amounts of sugar and fat (Boylan et al. 2017). There were connections drawn between the consumption of junk food and certain behaviour. For example, Boylan et al. (2017) and Pearson et al. (2014) found that children who had longer screen time, consumed more junk food than those who spent less time in front of modern media, like television or internet. This could be influenced by the advertising of junk food on television because the advertising of unhealthy foods is frequently shown on television and the internet during children's viewing time and this may stimulate them to consume the advertised foods (Pearson et al. 2014). In addition, Chung et al. (2018) found that children with low socioeconomic status are more likely to consume junk food. This is consistent with another study by Boylan et al. (2017), in which a strong correlation was found between the consumption of unhealthy foods and beverages, and socioeconomic status. Although the consumption of junk food was found to be in decline from 2010 to 2015, it remains important to address unhealthy food consumption as an Australian health survey showed that junk food accounted for an average of 35% of total daily energy intake for under fourteen-year-old , and 41% among older children aged fourteen to eighteen (Boylan et al. 2017).
The link between junk food intake and high consumption of soft drinks has been researched extensively. Soft drink consumption is another significant issue for Australian school-age children in having unhealthy dietary habits. Research shows that sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are associated with weight and obesity in both children and teenagers (Clifton et al. 2011). In terms of soft drink consumption, Louie et al. (2016) found that male students are more likely to consume soft drinks than females, because male students tend to have their sugar intake through sugar-sweetened beverages, rather than cakes and biscuits. Moreover, Scully et al. (2017) found that high soft drink consumption is associated with purchasing soft drinks mostly at schools. The problem is that schools sell inappropriate drinks to make profits (Ronto et al. 2017) despite government guidelines stating that these beverages should be prohibited in the school canteens (Scully et al. 2017). Although Scully et al. (2017) stated that there is not a significant relationship between high soft drink intake and weight, students who are obese and overweight consume more SSB than those who are underweight or normal weight (Clifton et al. 2011).
In addition to junk food and sugar-sweetened beverages, parents’ behaviour and personality can affect children’s eating habits, by determining their children’s eating patterns. According to Alsharairi and Somerset (2015), children who are cared for by authoritarian parents were negatively influenced by their eating patterns. The eating habits of children with authoritarian parents tend to be less healthy because those parents restrict their children’s consumption of food hoping their children see them as good role models. This then may lead to unhealthy eating habits as a reaction to such high levels of control (Alsharairi and Somerset 2015). In contrast, permissive parents give their children freedom of behaviour and allow children to decide by themselves with no limits on their food intake. As a result of freedom, children were less likely to take fruits and vegetables but more likely to have junk foods at meals because parents are not controlling their children’s food intake (Alsharairi and Somerset 2015).
In opposition to those parenting styles, authoritative parents consider, accept and support their children's needs. Children under the care of authoritative parenting styles tend to have a balanced diet and healthy food choices. This is because these parents have a consistently lower intake of unhealthy food themselves and they limit unhealthy foods for their children. This is supported by Pearson et al. (2009) who state that if parents do exercise regularly, eat more fruits and vegetables instead of junk food, then they can encourage their children to do the same.
One solution to improve children's overall health is lowering the consumption of unhealthy food such as junk food and sugar-sweetened drinks. Since children's food preference is influenced by advertising on television, ‘Quick Service Restaurant Industry (QSRI) Initiative for Responsible Advertising and Marketing to Children’ has been introduced to fast food chains in Australia. This regulation aims to restrict inappropriate advertising to children; QSRI provides nutrient criteria guidelines and only food and beverages which are recognised as healthy options are allowed to be advertised to children (Wellard-Cole et al. 2019). However, the system does not seem to be efficient due to the fact that junk food advertising is still frequently shown on television but focused on brand rather than children’s meals. Indeed, unhealthy food, which does not meet the healthy nutrient criteria is indirectly advertised to children (Hebden et al. cited in Wellard, Glasson & Chapman 2012).
To encourage children to eat healthier food, the major fast-food companies have introduced healthier menu items. Mcdonalds launched Healthier Happy Meals for children in 2007, and so did Hungry Jacks in 2010. Despite these efforts and the fact that this change is a positive progress to lower the fast food impacts on children’s dietary intake, Wellard, Glasson and Chapman (2012) states that these items have not been popular among children.
In terms of the accessibility of junk food and soft drinks, students who can purchase those at schools are likely to be high consumers of unhealthy food. Schools, therefore, have a responsibility to providing healthy food for students. In 2005, the NSW Department of Health and the NSW Department of Education and Training (cited in Delaney et al. 2019) introduced a campaign, ‘the Fresh Tastes @ School strategy (FT@S)' for schools and students. The aim of this strategy is to encourage students to eat healthier food, and it is a mandatory set of rules on what school canteens in NSW can sell. This campaign uses the colours of traffic lights, red, amber and green, to categorise various canteen food options. Green foods (‘fill the menu’) are healthier options, which should be promoted to students as the best choice and provide the majority of canteen food. Amber foods such as fruit juice and dried fruits (‘select carefully’) should only be offered for sale on a few days of the week as they contain excess amount of sugar. Red foods including deep-fried food, cakes, confectionery and sugar-sweetened drinks are ‘occasional’ foods, which are restricted to be sold on less than three in a school term. However, this project does not seem to be successful in promoting healthy food to students at schools. Hill et al. (2015) studied the changes of the school canteen food by this campaign from 2007 to 2010. Their findings present that although there was an effort to encourage consumption of green items, there was significant change in proportion of green food intake between those years. Moreover, in 2007, 265 schools participated in the guidelines for menus and only 95 of these provided their menu for assessment in 2010. Also, it is difficult to generalise about the effect of this campaign as it targets only primary schools in NSW, not for all schools in Australia. Additionally, small schools, which have less than 159 students, and remote schools appear to have more red items on the menus (Dick et al. cited in Hills et al. 2015). This may be because there is a barrier for them to have healthier diets due to distance and high cost of healthy food. For these schools, it is difficult to receive enough financial support and have healthier food with reasonable prices due to geographical conditions (Hills et al. 2015). Therefore, such schools in disadvantaged areas are more likely to sell unhealthy foods and drinks than urban schools. Future campaigns should consider the disadvantages of school size and locations when promoting healthier food options in school canteens, in order to reach all Australian school aged children.
Although the junk food industry and schools have taken action to improve children’s diets, it is the parents who mainly provide food for their children. Therefore, targeting parents and improving the home environment is crucial (Pearson et al. 2014). Currently, secondary schools in Victoria offer ‘Skill-based healthful eating programs’ for parents and children. This program is designed to enhance the ability of understanding nutritional information through labels on foods including canned, frozen and takeaway food. During this program, participants are also taught cooking skills by using fresh food rather than relying on convenience food and takeaway food. This seems effective for children; however, parents who work during school hours find it difficult to participate even if they are invited to attend this program (Fordyce-Voorham 2011). Thus, further programmes should be designed with more flexible times so that children’s guardians to participate.
Obesity is arguably one of the most common diseases in Australian society. This report identified three major issues associated with poor health and nutrition among school-age children namely consumption of junk food, soft drinks, and parenting styles. These issues are links in a chain which negatively affect children’s overall health. This report found some solutions and current projects of these solutions, teaching children and parents cooking and providing nutritional information have been somewhat successful. However, the ‘the Fresh Tastes @ School strategy (FT@S)' and the ‘Quick Service Restaurant Industry (QSRI) Initiative for Responsible Advertising and Marketing to Children’ programme in fast food chains have not been successful in improving food choices. There is a need for more flexible educational support and stronger government regulations to prohibit the sale of inappropriate food.
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Get custom essayThis study has limitations because a secondary research methodology was used, and the issue requires a wider investigation related to poor health and nutrition among children. Although the Australian Government has made considerable progress in understanding and responding to obesity, the rate of obesity among children is not significantly decreasing. Indeed, more research needs to be conducted with larger samples and at different locations.
Travelling means journeying around an area or country to perform, work, or be seen or used in different places. It is a very interesting part of our life. Whenever life becomes dull because of our busy life travelling refreshes both our soul and mind. Traveling is one of the best things that we can do for our health. It helps our physical and mental health, with many travelers saying that it’s also excellent for the soul.
Get original essayOur modern, increasingly more connected lifestyles leave us with little time to fully unwind and appreciate the wonders of life. The majority of us have careers or jobs. We are always busy in taking care of family. Our immune systems eventually become stressed and our health begins to suffer.
At this point, a healthy dose of travel could be just what the doctor ordered. Getting away from it all is the perfect tonic for wellness. We usually think of travel as fun and exciting, but hardly ever consider the health benefits that it provides.
Well, here we will count down some reasons why travelling is good for our health!
The biggest benefit of traveling is the amount of movement that we will do. We typically leave the car behind when we travel. That means we will spend more time walking. A brisk hike up a mountain, a day of sightseeing in the city or an activity-filled day at the beach is more invigorating and action-filled than a day spent in front of a computer screen in the office. Even on a cruise, there are plenty of activities to keep each traveler fully occupied.
We typically leave the car behind when we travel. That means we will spend more time walking. A brisk hike up a mountain, a day of sightseeing in the city or an activity-filled day at the beach is more invigorating and action-filled than a day spent in front of a computer screen in the office. Even on a cruise, there are plenty of activities to keep each traveler fully occupied. Walking around will help us reduce your stress levels, too. We will get the release of the happy hormones, which will mean the worries and difficulties of life will go away. We’ll find other ways to deal with the stress, so it doesn’t cause as many health complications in the future. We’re at a lower risk of having a heart attack or a stroke because of our way of life. Those who take more holidays in the space of a year have a healthier life. They’re less likely to suffer many of the health complications in the future because they are far more active.
The more activity we do, the more we get our heart pumping. Remember that the heart is a muscle, and it needs to be worked at constantly to grow faster. Making it work harder temporarily will build the muscle and keep it working for longer. We’ll also support our arteries, which means we lower the risk of high cholesterol problems and high blood pressure.
The brain is another muscle that needs strengthening and challenging. While it doesn’t necessarily work in the same way as other muscles in the body, it can be developed and improved over time. Unfortunately, it can also deteriorate quickly. It is one of those parts of the body that researchers don’t quite fully understand. Just look at The Big Bang Theory at how difficult it can be to understand everything about it.
The great news is that travel has been shown to help improve the brain health. There’s the ability to challenge ourselves daily, making us think of alternate options and learn new things. We constantly expand our horizons, meaning that our brain is constantly on the go. In fact, training our brain regularly helps to improve its longevity. Doctors regularly recommend that people do puzzles daily. They encourage Sudoku and crosswords regularly to make sure your brain constantly has to work. While traveling isn’t quite the same as crosswords, it does offer many of the same benefits. This is especially the case if we go to new places and visit new places. We take in new cultures and learn all about history and plans for the future. There’s something new to remember, meaning that our brain is getting some sort of workout, even if it’s not exactly what the doctor ordered.
On top of all this, scientists have found that walking or hiking is excellent for physically growing the brain. As we get older, our hippocampus gets smaller. We have two hippocampi on either side of our brain, which are responsible for the retention of information. The smaller they get, the less information they are able to take in. They control the short and long term memory, so we want to keep them as big as possible.
When we get more activity, our hippocampi both grow instead of shrink. It will be much easier to take in all the information that we’re learning throughout our travels. Studies have actually shown that those who walk regularly grow their hippocampi by two percent every single year.
The more we get away, the more we move away from the everyday stresses of life. We get to take our mind and body out of work, family life, and other problems.
Our lives can often be constantly busy, and sometimes we may feel that we are living each day on repeat. Travel is a great way to escape the stresses and commitments of everyday life, offering novelty and change in the form of new people, sights and experiences. Margaret J King of the Center for Cultural Studies and Analysis has said this about the stress-relieving abilities of travel, “With a short list of activities each day, freed up from the complexities of ongoing projects and relationships, the mind can reset, as does the body, with stress relief the main outcome.”
For some, travel is not about seeing new places, but rather escaping old ones that have a negative impact on our lives. Vacations can also help us to manage stress as they take us away from the places and activities that contribute to our stress levels.
Whether we are worried about someone’s health or just have a high-stress job, trying to deal with everything going on in our life isn’t going our health any good. Getting worked up about everything is causing our heart and other organs to fail. We won’t be happy, and we’ll feel exhausted every single day.
Travelling does bring its own stress. We have to make sure we stick to a travel agent itinerary or get through airport chaos. We may have to deal with delays and flight changes. Then there are the stresses of other travelers around us and fitting into a new culture as a tourist. There’s the uncertainty of what we will do the next day or what will happen in our life.
Coping with stress is essential. We will find that our overall health benefits because we don’t get the regular release of stress hormones. We’re not always looking out for the downsides in life and will find it easier to find enjoyment in everything that we do.
Research backs this up. When we start to accept deviations and problems, we start to deal with them much better. The deviations we accept can be completely different in everyday life, but our new mental attitude will benefit work, family life, and more.
As creativity is generally related to neuroplasticity (how the brain is wired), it means our brains are sensitive to change, influenced by new environments and experiences. According to the Colombia Business School’s Adam Galinsky, the key to getting a creativity boost is to really immerse yourself in the place and engage with its local culture; this open-mindedness can help you to embrace different ways of living to your own, in turn influencing your own outlook on life. Having a creative outlet is a great way to practice mindfulness and so the more you are able to put it to good use, the better.
The effects of travel aren’t felt only during and after our trip – in fact, even just the anticipation of going on vacation can boost our mood. People are at their happiest when they have a vacation planned, a study by the University of Surrey found, and are also more positive about their health, economic situation and general quality of life.
A study by Cornell University also found that we get more happiness from anticipating a travel experience in comparison to anticipating buying a new possession. It turns out that money can buy you happiness, but just not in the way we expected!
If we have ever wanted to lose weight, we want to look at traveling more. Sure, we must eat out more, and don’t always get to control a number of calories we eat, but we will find it much easier to create a calorie deficit. When we do more activity, we instantly burn more calories. We make it easier to get rid of the excess calories that we eat on a daily basis. This doesn’t matter if we take a cruise holiday or we backpack around the Amazon! We can take one of the calmest of vacations, and we will still find it easier to lose weight.
The trick is to follow a healthy and balanced diet still. While we can’t completely control everything we eat, we still have some control. We can choose the better restaurants to get all our food groups and even go out and buy fresh fruit and veggies from local market stalls to make sure we get our five a day. We’ll soon find that we have far more control than we thought we did.
When we lose more weight, we instantly boost your health. Our heart doesn’t have to work as hard to do everyday things. Our blood pressure and cholesterol levels will drop. We’ll find that it’s easier to breathe and our chronic pain starts to disappear. Doing more is something that we love the idea of, and we’ll want to get out and travel more.
Of course, weight loss also leads to more confidence. We know that we can do more and aren’t ashamed of or afraid of what people would think of our weight. This instantly helps to boost our mental health, as we’re less likely to allow the depression or anxiety to seep through.
Travelling, particularly if we are in a foreign country, can sometimes put us out of our comfort zone, and so we often have to adapt to those differences. This challenge strengthens the ‘openness’ dimension of our personality, according to a 2013 paper by Zimmerman and Neyer. The paper adds that this adaptation makes us less emotionally reactive to day-to-day changes, improving emotional stability, while meeting new people can also help with agreeableness, depending on the size of our existing social network.
When we visit new cultures, we get to experience how other people live. This isn’t just about developing new social thoughts or beliefs, but also about witnessing health remedies and different types of lifestyles. Traveling will let us to try out the alternative lives safely and without too much commitment. It’s possible to get away from the touristy areas and focus on how the real people live. This is a chance to experience what it would be like to live there. This is definitely something to do before we take the permanent step of moving somewhere.
One of the benefits of traveling is the freedom. We don’t have to stay where our friends once did. There’s no need to go to the tourist hot-spots that the travel guides say. We can look at doing a month or two in an area where we teach and actually live, especially in Asian communities. There’s certainly the benefit of the alternate health remedies. This is the chance to see how herbal remedies really help to cure ailments and soothe problems. We get to try the remedies from the original place they were created, by practitioners who know what they’re doing.
We also help to support our mental health. We know that we have a natural and healthy way to support our body. We feel more in control, especially financially when the pharmaceutical remedies can be so expensive.
Isolation is one of the worst things in life. While we think that we may like the quiet, it can be draining on us emotionally. Humans aren’t isolated creatures. We crave the social interaction of others. Maybe not every day, but we do benefit from some social interaction regularly.
Traveling helps to cure this problem. We are forced into situations where we need to talk to others. This is something that happens even if we decide to travel alone and backpack around a country or a continent. We spend time in youth hostels and on cruises, where some of the only entertainment is with the strangers that we meet.
Connecting to strangers is much easier as we look for guidance in a new area. We want to know the best places to go and need help with various situations. There’s the ability to see how different cultures celebrate holidays and handle various stressful events that occur. Some of these connections that we build will be connections for life. We may find that the people come back into our life in the future, allowing you the chance to build the connections deeper.
There is also the ability to push our beliefs and understandings. The more connections we make, the more confidence we gain. We start to push ourselves more and force ourselves to make more connections. When we return home, we are more likely to rebuild connections with people you’ve lost. As we find what we need to improve our mental health, we make sure we get it daily. We never know what those social connections could lead to. Plenty of people has fallen in love while traveling, which has helped support their love for traveling since they meet like-minded people.
Since my childhood I’m very fond of travelling. I’m very conscious for mental health. Travelling really helps me to get away from all stresses of my life. Travelling makes my body fit and strong.
I started my adventure journey when I was in 6th grade. As my home is in Chittagong Hill Tracts it’s natural that we have so many places to go for an adventure. I, along with my few friends climbed up hills so many time. It was so adventurous moment that after crossing two big hills we were able to watch waterfalls. Though we fall so many times and also got hurt, the moments which we got that was awesome. Whether we go to the beach, the forest or the mountain or hills, our senses will be awakened and our spirits will be lifted.
Traveling forces us to leave behind the daily grind. We are removed from stressful situations such as work pressures, the daily commute and negative relationships that wear us down.
Travelling really changes our mind and also helps us to know so many things that we have never known before. I started my international journey last year. It was my dream to travel the whole world. Soon I’ll make it true with my little progress. It really make me happy and the reason is that I can know different culture, festivals and lifestyle. When I go on vacations, I see new sights, meet different people and learn about other cultures. The stimulating experiences enrich my mind enormously. With fresh insight, my all problems may even pale in comparison. This usually has a powerful and positive impact on our thinking and our health. It also helps me to get mentally and physically fit and healthy body.
Eating different foods will increase our pleasure and enhance our mood. Food is also another reason why I travel most. Whenever I eat different kinds of food it makes me so happy.
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Get custom essayTourism has been widely regarded as a mentally and physically healthy pursuit. Thus, recent studies in tourism have paid more attention to the benefits of travel experiences. Walking, hiking, dancing and playing games are excellent heart-healthy exercises that will leave us feeling refreshed and re-awakened. Travel provides a natural high that lasts well beyond the duration of a trip, and there are no adverse side effects.
Wellness isn’t simply a statement that you just reach when finishing ward or graduating from a rehab program. It’s a frequently evolving method of uncovering and growth which will continue long when you end the primary phases of treatment. Health may be a method of creating positive decisions that contribute to your overall health.
Get original essayRecovering from addiction isn’t simply a matter of obtaining sober or staying clean. It’s a current method that involves healing on all levels: physical, emotional and non-secular. Evidence-based addiction treatment programs supply resources that address all of those aspects of your health so you'll be able to regain your energy, vitality, and hope for the whole life.
Mental Health
Novice will bring with it serious emotional and psychological state challenges, like the chance of depression, body dysmorphia, anxiety, consumption disorders, and even suicide. These issues will be caused by stress, peer pressure, chemical changes in the brain, and even the media. Support teams and council services will facilitate teens work their means through these issues, and in several cases, oldsters and family also can offer the steering and positive reinforcement necessary to beat mental and emotional problems. In some cases, treatment within the kind of medication or changes in diet is also necessary, that should be determined by qualified medical or psychological state professionals. underneath no circumstances must you attempt to self-medicate or self-diagnose your issues.
Effect of Drug Uses
This is why the person feels otherwise — the signals coming back and going from the brain are modified. though this could cause temporary high spirits it may also cause hallucinations, anxiety, paranoia, and uncontrolled behavior. It will cause your metabolism (lungs) and vessel (heart) systems to malfunction or fail. Drugs are chemicals and whereas every drug produces totally different physical effects, all abused substances share one factor in common. They hijack the traditional function of the brain and alter the method the brain responds to problems with self-control, judgment, emotion, motivation, memory and learning. And, there are social consequences to exploitation medication as well as losing the trust of friends and family; poor performance in class or work; quitting activities you enjoy; creating dangerous choices like inserting yourself in danger to be a victim of violence, drunk driving; obtaining pregnant and close yourself with people who use medication.
Holistic and alternative
Alcoholism addiction treatment is in some ways that already holistic. the entire purpose of psychotherapy is to look at and change each side of a patients life that will have contributed to the drug abuse, therefore, the patient will see the whole world afresh upon existing treatment. people fitness provides consultations on alcohol and alternative drug use. secret counseling is accessible with our drug abuse counselor or health educators for any queries or problems you will be having or experiencing. Fortunately, understandings in psychological science and health sciences have broadened and heterogenous what is often done to heal and boost each mind and body in the aftermath of an addiction.
Health and well-being in recovery don't get to be controlled to easily meet a goal; they will provide a person latest which means and outlook on life. when we use terms like holistic and alternative to explain treatment what will we mean like several things it depends on the context and therefore the language. In drugs, the thought of holistic treatment is concerning treating all aspects of the patient, not simply the symptoms or root causes. alternative medicine itself is that the belief that medical practices that don't seem to be verified or supported by established scientific accreditations are still valuable and useful and should even be higher than customarily accepted kinds of treatment.
Dinacharya
According to Sushruta man is said to be swastha whose dosha, Dhatu, agni and mala are in the state of equilibrium along with mental, sensory and spiritual pleasantness and happiness.
Get original essayDinacharya is composed of 2 words
Dina - day time, day
Charya - regimen
Thus dinacharya is regimen that is followed daily
Aim
a. Maintenance the normal health.
b. Increased life span without any diseases.
Importance
BRAHMA MUHURTA - (Getting up in the morning)
One desirous of long healthy life should get up in Brahma Muhurta. After considering the position of digestion or indigestion. (Food taken previous night)
The healthy person, should wakeup from bed in the Brahma Muhurtam i.e. around 48 to 96 minutes before the sunrise to preserve his health, after considering the condition of digestion of food taken in previous night whether properly done or not. Then he should offer prayer to lord Madusudana, so that all the Papa deeds he has indulged in are forgiven by the god.
Attending to nature’s call (like passing of Mala, Mutra etc.) in early hours is a good habit for better health and problems like Antra Kujanam, Adhmana and Udara Gouravam (heaviness of abdomen) are also relived by attending to natures call in early hours of the day immediately after awakening up from bed at Brahma Muhurtam.
USHAJALAPANA-Drinking water
Drinks eight Prasruti (768 ml) of water at the time of early sunrise shall live for a hundred years and more free from diseases and old age. Person drinks water in early morning can not suffer from Arsha, Shotha, Grahani, Jwara, Jathara vikara, Kushtha, Medoroga, Raktapitta, ear and eye disease etc.
SHARIRACHINTA
The healthy person should get up during Brahma Muhurta to protect his life. After considering the
position of digestion or indigestion food taken in previous night. The person should next attend to
eliminating the Mala and Mutra.
Cleaning after defecation, urination etc keeps those areas clean, promotes complexion, strength, holiness, lifespan and removes poverty, unrest and evils.
Washing of hands and legs always leads cleanliness and removes tiredness, improves Sukra, eye sight and prevents the attack of negative force or infection.
MALATYAGA (SHAUCHAVIDHI)
One should excrete the urine and faces only after getting the urge, facing north during daytime and south during night, silently, without diverting attention on other things, having covered the body and head and should allow the excreta to pass naturally on their own and not by strain. One should not pass them at following places- unclean place, road, heaps of soil, ash, cow dung, cow shed, where movement of peoples is there nearer to city, sacrificial altar or on hill, place meant for disposal of dead bodies, under and above the trees. Also not in front of women, respectful persons, cows, sun, moon, wind, fire and water.In case of fear or handicapped persons the elimination can be done according to one’s desire.
MUKHA PRAKSHALANA /ACAMANA –( face wash)
The face wash with Sheatala Jala prevents bleeding problems (Raktapitta), subsides Mukhapidika, Mukharoga, Mukhanilika and Vyanga and while washing with warm water pacifies Kapha and Vata Doshas, makes face oily or Singha by removing the Rukshata or dryness of the face.
DANTADHAVANA AND PREPARATION OF AYURVEDIC TOOTH PODER AND PASTE
One should clean his teeth in two times morning and night after intake of food with twinges of Arka, Vata, Khadira, Karanja and Arjuna.
Asana, Karavira, Sarja, Arimeda, Apamarga, Malati, Jati.
Which are Kashaya, Katu and Tikta in taste; twigs should of size of tip of little finger in thickness and twelve Angulas in length and straight. Its top made like a soft brush by chewing, the teeth should be cleaned without hurting or injuring the gums.
In early morning this should be used considering season, Doshas, Rasa and Veerya, as having Kashaya, Madhura, Katu, Tikta rasa. Nimba is best among Tikta Rasa, khadira among Kashaya Rasa, Madhuka among Madhura Rasa, Karaja is best among Katu Rasa.
The lower row of teeth should be brushed first. Keeping the mouth filled with water the eyes are to be splashed with water every morning with cold water in Grishma and Sarada Rutu.
Tooth powder and paste
Powder of Jejovati mixed with honey Trikatu, Triphala and Trijataka, oil, Kustha Churna and Sandhava Lavana should be used daily for cleaning teeth. Every tooth should be rubbed with soft brush and tooth powder without injuring the gums.
Benefits
It removes foul smell, sliminess, Kapha and provides clarity, desire of food and cheerfulness.
Contraindication for Dantadhavana
Person suffering from indigestion, vomiting, dyspnoea, cough, fever, facial paralysis, excessive thirst, mouth ulceration, diseases of the heart, eyes, head and ears, should not make use of the tooth brush.Twigs of Slesmataka, Arishta, Bibhitaka, Dhava, Dhavnvan, Bilva, Vancula, Nirgundi, Shigru, Tilvaka, Kovidara, Sami, Pilu, Pippala, Ingudi, Gulgulu, Paribhadraka, Amlika, Mocaka, Salmali and Sana should not be used as tooth brush. So also the twigs of these trees which have sweet, sour and salt tastes, which are very dry, hallow emitting bad smell and gummy.
JIHVANIRLEKHANAVIDHI –( Tongue cleaning)
Tongue cleaning should be made of silver, gold or plants. It should be soft, smooth and ten finger long and able to eliminate dirt and bad taste and smell from the mouth.
Anjana (collyrium to the eyes)
Sauvirajana is good for eyes, so it should be used daily; by this eyes become beautiful and capable of seeing minute things even.
Eye is full of Tejas and high risk of troubles especially from Kapha, hence Rasajana should be used once a week, to drain Kapha. According to Charakacharya Rasajana is applied once in five or eight days at night for lacrymation of eyes.
Method of application
Ask the person to sit comfortably physician should stand in front of him, elevate the upper eye lid of the person with left thumb and apply the collyrium to the interior of lower lid, just below the cornea starting from the Kaninika, slowly moving towards Apanga. After application of collyrium the person should close his eyes and move the eye ball slowly to make uniform distribution. Eye lids are also to be moved slightly.After half an hour it should be washed with water, holding the upper lid with the thumb of left hand, the eye is to be wiped with soft cloth slowly and repeatedly. If the collyium sticking on the lid of the left eye should be wided with right thumb and on that of the right eye by the left thumb.
Contraindication for Anjana
In person who have not slept during the night, tiredness, Udavarta, crying after taking food, after washing the head, anger, fear or sorrow, during fever, headache, indigestion, suppression of natural urges, thirst, intake of Madya. Person who are exposed to fire or heat of sun, redness of eyes, blindness, excessive lacrymation, pain and swelling, cloudy or rainy weather etc.
Samyaga Anjana laxana
Clear vision, lightness, no excessive lacrymation, proper function, purity of eyes and alleviation of
diseases are to proper action of Anjana.
PRATIMARSHA NASYA
Sneha processed with drugs are administered through the nostrils, this is called Nasya.
The Nasya should be performed daily with Katu Tila etc. oils in case Kapha predominance, it should be done in the morning, in Pitta after noon, in Vata evenings should be preferred.
The daily practice of Nasya imparts, Sugandhita to body, Snigdhata to speech, cleans the body organs and prevents Vali, Palitya i.e. ageing and graying of hair etc.
Benefits
GANDUSHA AND KAVALA
Mouth is completely filled with Gandusha Dravya and kept without movement is called Gandusha.
Types - According to Vagbhata
Singdha –Vata Samana- Pitta
Ropana- Vrana Sodhana – Kapha
Drvya use for Gandusha
Gargles consisting of Sneha, milk, honey, meat juice, urine, sour gruel and also decoction and hot water are whole same according to Dosha.
Kavala
The Drvaya used moves easily in mouth called as Kaval.
Methods
Gandusha
It should be done with concentration, sitting erect, liquid should be kept in full mouth till Dosha gets filled in mouth or before discharge from nasal passage and eyes; after that, the liquid should be spit out and another quantity of liquid taken in.
Kavala
Method of practicing is same as Gandusha and only difference is that amount is less in Kavala and movements done in Kavala.
Benefits
Gandusha should be done repeatedly with cold water; it removes Kapha, Trushna and Mala. Gandusha with warm water removes Kapha, Aruchi and strengthen teeth, promotes lightness in the mouth.
TAMBULA SEVANA
Person who desires good taste, cleanliness and pleasant smell of mouth, should keep in his mouth the tender leaves of Tambula (betel leaves) along with Jati, Lavanga, Karpura, Kankola and Katuka mixed with areca nut. It is very good for heart.
Chewing betel leaves is recommended after a night sleep, after a bath, after the meals and after sexual activity in the night. Chewing is said to pacify all three Doshas and cheerfulness, it cleanses the mouth removing all bad odours, it makes the mouth fragrant, more importantly it causes an extra secretion of saliva, which will increase the digestion. It is also useful after vomiting or when some organic poison has entered the stomach. It adds to conviviality in assemble of likeminded people. It is advisable 3 to 4 times per day. Excessive chewing of betel leaves causes of impairs the physique diminishes strength, injuries eye sight, dulls the complexion of the skin, looses teeth and root of hair and causes deafness. It aggravates both Vata and Pitta, excessive chewing weakness the digestive power.
DHUMAPANA-MEDICATED SMOKING
One should undertake use of Dhumapana and application of Gandhamalya (garland of flower) etc. Dhumapana cures the diseases of existing above the clavicles and diseases due to Vata and Kapha do not occurs by taking Dhumapana regularly.
Dhumapana Vidhi (procedure of inhaling medicinal smoke)-
First, smoke should be inhaled from mouth and next through the nostrils, that inhaled through mouth should be let out by the mouth itself and so also that smoke inhaled by nose the smoke inhaled by mouth should be let out through the nose by doing so, smoke travelling in opposite direction destroys vision. Prayogika Dhumapana should be inhaled especially through the nose, Snaihika Dhumapana inhaled through the mouth and nose both, Virechanika should be through the nose and other Kasaghna and Vamaniya through the mouth only
Benefits of Dhumapana
Dhumapana cures heaviness and pain in head, chronic rhinitis, headache, eye and ear pain, cough, hiccup, dyspnoea, spasm in throat, weakness of teeth, discharge due to disorder of ear, nose, eyes, bad smell from nose and mouth, toothache, anorexia, spasm in jaw and back neck, inching, worms, paleness, excessive salivation, disorder of voice, tonsillitis, enlarged Uvula, alopecia (baldness)grey hairs, hairs falling sneezing excessive drowsiness, lack of function of intellect, excessive sleep etc. By this, strength of hairs skull, sense organs and voice increases.
ABHYANGA-(oil massage)
Abhyanga should be practice daily, it delays aging, cures tiredness and Vata disorders, improves vision,complexion, and nourishment to the body, long life, good sleep, good lustrous skin and strength. It should be done specially to head, ears and feet. One should massage the body with luke warm oil, according to season, in direction of body hair, oil can be used according Dosha, season and conditions. It is performed in seven positions in order. 1. Sitting 2.Supine3. Left lateral 4. Prone 5.right lateral 6. Supine 7. Sitting with leg
UDVARTANA – (COARSE POWDER MASSAGE)
Udvartana mitigates Kapha, liquefies the fat, produce stability of the body parts and excellence of the skin.
Udgharshana means massage with powder of herb without oil.
Udsadana means massage with paste of herbs along with oil.
Udgharshana dilated blood vessels and enhances the Agni in skin. Utsadana enhances the complexion in women’s, gives pleasure, cleanliness, auspicious, feeling of lightness and such other beneficial qualities.
Udgharshana cures itching; eruptions and a disorder of Vata, use of Phenaka (soap nut) bring about stability and lightness to the thighs and mitigates itching, rashes, inactivity of Vata and wards off dirt and diseases. Massaging with the powder enhance the Agni of skin, dilates the veins and cures itching and rashes.
SAMVAHANA (MILD MASSAGE OR PRESSING BY HANDS)
Samvahana is mild massage or gentle touch, started from foot to waist which produces pleasantness (Sukhakara Sparsha). Samvahana enhances affection sleep and virility takes away Kapha and Vata, tiredness and produces clearness of Mamsa, Rakta and Twaka. It is also acts as Sukakaraka.
VYAYAMA-(EXERCISES)
The action which produces tiredness in body is Vyayama. The physical action, which enhance strength of the body, increases the digestive fire, Dosha Kshaya, when performed in the required times is called Vyayama.
Lightness of body, ability to work, stability, increase the digestion proper, depletion of excess fat, alleviated of Dosha are normalizes are the benefits of Vyayama.
CHANKRAMANA - (MILD EXCERISE OR MILD WALKING)
Moderate walking does not cause much trouble to the body, enhances life span, intelligence, digestive power, stimulated the sense organs.
SNANA (BATH)
After doing massage, if one takes bath person cures the bad odour, heaviness of body, downiness, itching, impurities, anorexia and bad smell of sweat.Bathing is purifying, aphrodisiac, life promoting, destroys the fatigue, sweat, dirt, strength, compactness and Ojus at same time cures tiredness, sweat and impurities of body.
Effect of cold and hot water bath
Cold water bath cures the bleeding disorder; hot water bath excluding head enhances strength and destroys Vata and Kapha. Hot water on ‘Adhokaya’ below the neck improves body strength and hot water bath on head leads to loss of strength, hair and sight gradually.
ANULAPANA (PACKS)
Applying cosmetic powder, paste, oil etc. Which are fragrant on the body is auspicious, increases complexion, affection, Ojas, strength, removes sweat and bad odour, discoloration, tiredness.
MUKHALEPANA - APPLYING COSMETICS
Apply cosmetic powder on face gives strength to face, eye, fullness and prominence to checks and face, make face free of color patches and eruptions and increase Kanti of face like, lotus flower.
VATRADHARANA (CLOTH AND DRESSING)-
In cold season one should wear ‘Kausheya’ i.e. warm clothes, which are multi colored and red colored dresses, as there pacify Vata and Kapha Doshas. Wearing dress and ornaments which like by the person, dispels, evil, enhances vitality, best to bestow auspiciousness and increases affection (love).
Role of clean dress in life
Wearing clean cloth enhances bodily Charm, reputation, longevity and prevents inauspiciousness. It brings about pleasure, grace competence to participate in conferences and good look.
In hot season, one should wear decoction or ‘Kashaya’ colored clothes, (saffron or orange coloured), which are said to be ‘Medhya’ i.e. improves intelligence, seetala or cold and Pitta Shamana. Even in decoction color lighter one is superior.
In Varsha Kala i.e. rainy season one should wear Shukla i.e. white coloured. Which is auspicious, cold and protects from sun rays as the white cloth is neither hot nor cold.
Wearing new and neat cloths ensures fame, fulfills desire and promotes life span, money, happiness and is beneficial to skin and attracts attention of people.
One should never wear dirty and unwanted cloths as there may cause Kandu, Krimi, Glani, poverty and is inauspicious.
PADATRADHARANA (wearing of foot wear)
Regular uses of foot wear alleviating diseases of feet, promotes semen, ward off evil organism, gives pleasure and comfort in moving and is whole some for Ojus. Always walking on foot without shoes has adverse effects on health and life span and also harmful to eyes.
RATNABHARANA DHARANA (Wearing the gems and ornaments)
Wearing of gems and ornaments adds to the prosperity, auspiciousness, longevity, grace, Pusthikara, Dushta Swapna Nashaka, prevents damagers from snakes, evil spirits, etc. it is pleasant and charming it is also conducive to Ojus.
NAKHADI KARTANA - Nail, Moustaches, beards, hair cutting etc.
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Get custom essayNails, moustaches/beards, hairs of the head and body should be cut/ removed once in five days, this bestows beautiful appearance, stouten the body, is auspicious, gives long life, removes dirtiness and gives resplendence. Hairs inside the nose should never be pulled out by force, by doing so disorders of vision develop quickly. Hair of the head should be made tidy using a Prasadhani (comb) this is good for the hairs, removes dirt, worms and wastes. Looking into a mirror is auspicious, bestows complexion, stoutness, strength, long life, and wards off sins and inauspicious.
There are multiple health benefits and splendid nutritional value of okra. Distinct parts of okra plant can be used for multiple purposes. Usually it is used in salads, stews and soup in fresh, dried and fried form. Some peoples used it as a healthy substitute for coffee as it lack caffeine its other application is in confectionary industry, oil extraction and medical sectors. Okra added in stews, soups and condiments to increase viscosity. Mucilage can be extracted from okra which has great application in various antidotes it is known to lower cholesterol level in body by attaching it and removing from liver. It contains a great proportion of essential oil and fatty acids. Okra achieved great importance in market due to presence of dietary fibers and protein with ample amount of essential amino acids usually tryptosan and lysine and present even protein content in okra are even greater than soybean. It also provide sufficient amount of carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals and phenolic compounds. As it contain plenty of macro and micro nutritional elements that why its flour can be used for fortification purposes.
Get original essayIt has multiple applications in food, non-food and medicines. It is considered best additive with no side effects. (1) Okra can also be uses as a substitute of medicines as medicines have certain side effects. Okra is famous for prevention of following diseases like leucorrhea, constipation, diarrhea, spermatorrhea, dysentery, gastric ulcer, jaundice and other diseases related to GIT.
Various studies determine the protein percentage of okra seed. Okra is rich source of protein. The okra is compared to soy and cotton seed and it is evaluate that the amino acid content of okra is as same as soybean but PER was high of okra seed. Okra plays a very crucial role for growth and development of animal body because of its protein and this is proved by given mice an okra and zein protein and it is evaluated that the growth rate is high in okra feeding mice because okra have rich amount of protein content. The oil from okra as extracted through hexane has crude protein content of about 11.56%, okra is rich source of fiber and also rich source of carbohydrate which is determine through various other researches through experiments.
Okra is known for high fiber content it is proved from research that almost half portion of okra is consist of soluble fibers like gum and pectin. Due to great proportion of this complex fiber it helps in reducing cholesterol level and increase digestive health as soluble fibers helps in elimination toxins, cholesterol and other fatty substance by binding them and then removes from the body. Another property of these soluble fibers is to maintain blood sugar level in the body. Other study which was carried out in 2014 reveals that pectin reduces the level of digesting the lipid.
It helps in controlling hunger by producing the feeling of satiety and fullness due to presence of dietary fibers. That’s why okra is very effective for weight loss purpose.
Due to pack of antioxidant present in okra it is very helpful to retain level of glycogen so due to this property it delays fatigue and depression in men and women.
Okra is considered as antidiabetic component because it due to its complex polysaccharide network it maintains blood glucose level it prevents the elevated glucose level in blood. It also affects the absorption level of sugar in intestine. It decreases the absorption rate of glucose.
Okra also provides a great proportion of vitamin B6 and folic acid. It is a great source of nutrition for pregnant women its regular intake minimize the birth defects. It is also known for reducing the risk of chronic diseases like certain types of cancer and it play vital role in fighting with heart diseases.
Okra is also very important to cure eyesight issues as okra pods are rich in vitamin A and carotene these two vitamins are very beneficial for improving eyesight. Okra pods are also very beneficial for treating illness related to eye
Due to the presence of certain vitamins like vitamin C okra boosts our immune system. vitamin C content in okra help in producing more white blood cells which fights the antibodies to attack body and cause diseases.
Okra also contain phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, sterols, anthracene, triterpenes etc which are known for their beneficial health effects including to provide antioxidant properties which help in reduction of oxidation process carried out in body these oxidation reactions are culprit of causing certain chronic diseases like cancer. Beside these malficiant effect flavonoids are also performing other tasks like they act in quenching ROS (reactive oxygen species), chelating of metal ions, and regeneration of antioxidants within the membrane.
Okra extracts are considered as a magical component for curing diseases related to liver. As liver have very important function in body its inappropriate functioning may lead to death so its issues should be treated at initial stage and okra have very effective function to cure liver diseases by decomposition and excretion of toxic compounds. Okra is considered as best hepatoprotective drug.
Okra extracts treat hepatoprotective diseases by:
Okra is famous as a healthy substitute of coffee as it don’t contain caffeine so it have no consumption and it doesn’t contain any side effects and it is even cheaper than coffee while its sensory properties are almost same as coffee. Its color is lighter than coffee.
A combination of ripe banana and okra mucilage is very effective for curing colitis, cystitis, hepatitis and jaundice.
Pharmacy technicians are considered by many as an important part of any successful pharmacy service when it comes to ensuring efficient medication therapy and safety of patients. When it comes the service we provide, it can vary from setting to setting, whether it be hospital pharmacy, community pharmacy, mail-order, etc. This “Health career plan” essay fully reveals the topic and personal future plans for this career.
Get original essayTypically, the responsibilities we, as pharmacy technicians have, are as follows: Collecting information that is necessary to fill a prescription from patients or health professionals, measure amounts of medication for prescription, package and label prescription, organize inventory and alert the lead pharmacist in the case there is any shortage of medications or supplies, accept payments for prescription and process insurance claims, enter patient information, including any prescription taken, into a computer system, answer phone calls from customers, and arrange for patients to speak with pharmacist if patient has any questions about medications or health matters. We work under the supervision of pharmacists, who review the prescriptions before they are given to the patients. In most states, technicians are allowed to compound and make some medications and call the physician for prescription refill authorization. We may also be able to operate automated dispensing equipment when filling orders. In a hospital setting and other medical facilities pharmacy technicians prepare a bigger variety of medication, such as IVs. They do rounds within the hospital, giving medications to patients.
In terms of scope of practice for pharmacy technicians, it can depend on the setting. So, for examples lets look at the scope of practice within the hospital setting and community pharmacy setting. Now, in a hospital setting, the scope of practice expands a bit. Hospital pharmacy technicians still have the same duties and responsibilities as a community pharmacy technician as well as additional duties and responsibilities. Within the hospital, we’re expected to be more familiar with medications, medical terminology, and healthcare processes than a community pharmacy technician. Patients often times are going to have questions they’d like to ask in regard to their medications, doses, and best way that they can administer it. While we can consider it important to stick within the standard scope of practice in this career, we do have opportunities to be allowed or encouraged by our supervising pharmacist to assist patients on a deeper level regarding their medications. In addition to the whole being encouraged or allowed to go deeper in assisting our patients with their medications, pharmacy technicians in a hospital may work closer with healthcare staff and physician to confirm medical information, assessing the risks to certain medication combinations and much more. With community pharmacy technicians they can be found working in local pharmacy chains or drugstores, like CVS or Walmart’s pharmacy center. This is perhaps the most popular due to high availability in jobs and standard environment, being either face-to-face or on the phone. Given the duty to answer questions regarding their insurance, recommended doses, prescribed medications or OTC medication, and more – although expected to refer to the patients to licensed pharmacist when it comes to questions that go beyond the scope of practice. Pharmacy technicians could be required to chat with insurance providers and healthcare providers as well to verify coverage, confirm information of the patients, and more. Being also given the duty of day-to-day tasks, such as filling prescriptions, double-checking medications, receiving and stocking inventory, managing storage, maintaining the equipment, etc.
When it comes to the code of ethics, we have a lot that apply to us in any and all settings, based on application and support of moral obligations, which help in guiding the pharmacy profession in the relationships with patients, healthcare professionals, and society. First and foremost, we must take first consideration in ensuring the health and safety of patients, using our knowledge and skill to the best of our ability in serving others, supporting and promoting honesty and integrity in the profession, including a duty in observing the law, maintaining the highest moral standards and ethical conduct at all times and uphold the ethical principles of the pharmacy technician profession, assist and support our pharmacist in the safe, productive and cost effective distribution of health services and healthcare resources, respecting and valuing the abilities of the pharmacists, colleagues and other healthcare professionals, maintaining competency in our practice and continually enhancing our professional knowledge and expertise, and the list of what we are expected in our principles continues further in as we play a critical role in helping provide the best possible care for patients in any and all settings.
To become a certified pharmacy technician (CPhT) or simply a pharmacy technician, all must have at least a high school diploma or equivalent with on-the-job training, but many choose to complete a postsecondary education program such as a certificate program or do an associate degree. Miami Dade College (Medical Campus) offers a career technical certificate that can be completed in 1 year with an approximate cost of the tuition being $3,187.80. Another institution that offers the program is Barry University, assuming the same amount of time as MDC medical campus to complete the program, the approximate cost of tuition (not counting textbook or exam fees) is $1,575.00. When it comes to this field the highest certification or degree you can earn is advanced certified pharmacy technician (CPhT-Adv). In terms of professional certification or registration required in this field, we in the state of Florida must be registered with the Florida Board of Pharmacy in order to work as one. You don’t have to be certified in the state of Florida, but most places like for example hospital settings want that and as time does pass more places are looking into asking you to become certified. It may be a lot, but when you come to think on the benefits financially and all that being certified has to offer, you can see it can help you a lot in opportunities in the pharmacy technician field.
When it comes to availability of pharmacy technician employment, there is about 31,700 openings projected each year, on average, over the decade. Employment in the career is project to grow an estimated 4% from 2020 to 2030, which is slower than the average for all occupations. I couldn’t pinpoint the number of jobs advertised exactly but I can say from what you can find on google search when typing up “job advertisement for pharmacy technicians” you’d see a little section there of job openings from various places. In CVS for example there are 3 job sites looking for a pharmacy technician within 25 miles from where I live in Miami, FL. Now in terms of experience required for the job all say the same thing: must be at least 16 years of age, licensure requirements vary on state and to look into that with the hiring manager or state board of pharmacy website, with preferred qualifications being to have prior experience working in a pharmacy, retail, medical, or customer service setting, prior experience as a pharmacy technician, and national certification from an accredited pharmacy technician certification program approved by specific state regulations (e.g. PTCB, ExCPT, etc.), and the obvious high school diploma or equivalent preference that most pharmacy technician jobs require of you before you begin to work or get certified. In terms of salary a pharmacy technician makes entry level is $16.52 (per hour), $172 (per day), $699 (per week), $2,703 (per month) and $38,177 (per year). With experience or in better terms, certified, it can augment the amount that you get paid entry level wise. Per hour its $16.77, per day $174, per week $787, per month $3,045, and per year $43,002. Having experience or certification adds a few cents or dollars more to what we already make entry level simply. Now advancement opportunities with the job we can specialize in things like medication history, technician product verification, hazardous drug management, billing and reimbursement, controlled substance diversion prevention, immunization administration, and point-of-care testing, with medication therapy management being a new one being a work in progress to be released eventually for technicians to be able to earn for advancement opportunities.
Now for local, state, or national organization for Pharmacy technicians its not simple to look for, the only one I was able to look at was the National Pharmacy Technician association and cost for student members is pertaining to what I believe is pharmacy students and that costs $20 to join the national association. For the pharmacy technician profession, we’re required during every of the two-year recertification cycle to do 20 hours of CEUs containing subject matters mentioned in the Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam (PTCE) content outline. Additionally, I’d like to note that 1 hour out of the 20 must be in subject with pharmacy law, and one hour must be about patient safety. Ways that we can earn those 20 hours of CEUs are by doing seminars, workshops, conferences andor other educational programs that consist of the subject matters that are contained within the PTCB certification exam content outline. This could consist of a live, web-based, or recorded presentation, teleconference, virtual meeting, panel discussion, or workshop. Another great place to look into is PowerPak. They offer a lot of options for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians and there is a variety of forms like articles, case-based articles, live webinars, on demand webinars, panel discussions, etc. it offers a variety of times up to greater than 2 hours which those tend to be bundles from what I’ve looked up on. And the site categorizes it by topic and there is a free option and premium, premium offering a lot of options for you in comparison to the free options that PowerPak has to offer pharmacists and pharmacy technicians.
For the interview, I had the lucky opportunity to interview a fellow classmate of the HSC 0003 Course, Joi Baptiste, who is a registered pharmacy technician in the state of Florida. She’s worked in a variety of settings such as retail, specialty, mail order, and clinical pharmacy. When asking her about how they’d describe a typical day at work, Joi had responded with: “A typical day as a technician would be inventory. We would receive the inventory, label, and shelf the drugs. Depending on if you’re in retail, you would leave out the IVR queue. This is how patients would call in their refills or doctors call in e-scripts. Fill all scripts that come out of the queue. If we don’t have a drug in stock or enough to complete the order, we would make courtesy calls and provide that information to them. Then, of course as you go through the day, you want to add to your inventory list so there isn’t so much at the end of the day. Meanwhile, in between your receiving incoming calls, taking refills, filling, facing receiving fax requests, we also had to keep up with chores, cleaning and the last thing was submitting the order.” Second question I had asked Joi was: “What advice would you give me as I enter the profession?” and Joi had kindly responded with: “Advice would be if you start in retail, stay only for a little while so you gain experience. Then move on to the hospital or maybe a clinical setting. That’s where you’ll achieve the most success.” All this information was interesting to take in from someone who has had the experience as I learn about the career through the pharmacy technician program and prepare for next term where I’ll be doing my clinical rotationexternship in the hospital setting.
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Get custom essayIn conclusion, I see myself more than likely fitting in with this profession. I haven’t always wanted to be a pharmacy technician, having originally majored in Veterinary Technology before I switched majors before I graduated high school due to just fear of not fitting in that profession and due to mental health purposes. Since I made the switch in early august at 18 years old, I figured I wanted to work in a profession in the medical field, just to see how I liked things and knew I liked working to help others in my community especially during my time with working with animal adoptions and trying to make people’s day and teach them the importance to adoptions and all that we did at the time. At some point in time during the switch, I did doubt myself a bit on whether I’d be seen as a good fit in this field or not, which almost lead me to not make the switch, but in the end of my choice making, I decided to stick through with my first alternative plan in terms of professions I could go into if I had ever switched from veterinary. Miami Dade College has given me the option to get my technical career certificate. After this I am going to register as a pharmacy technician in the state of Florida through the Florida Board of Pharmacy, and plan to study for certification while I work on my externship at Kendall Regional Medical Center in January. Although I had originally planned in my head to get some experience first with a retail setting externship, we had only the options of hospital, I still found myself fitting in very well. I’ve been told by teachers before that I was very detail orientated, had great organizational skills, multi-tasking skills, and was good with working with people when it came to being as helpful and polite as I could even during the most stressful of times. After hearing this from teachers I had in high school which I still am in touch with, I didn’t feel as doubtful anymore. I figured that pursing a career as a pharmacy technician was the profession I wanted to try out and that the medical field is where I belong. To enter the field, I’m planning on first completing the program for pharmacy technician here at Miami Dade College Medical Campus, register with the Florida board of Pharmacy as pharmacy technician, work on becoming certified as a pharmacy technician, look for a job in the retail setting where I plan to work in for a while, then look into transitioning to either a clinical setting or hospital setting where I am sure I may have more success and room for growth in my career as a pharmacy technician. I’ll still be continuing to work on learning about the field while working as a pharmacy technician, and l start taking into consideration if I want to move up and become a pharmacist or try to look at working my way back to Miami Dade College and getting an A.S. in veterinary technology if I still have my desires to complete the course in the future while I work as a pharmacy technician.
Health care Industry security deals with three main principles securing patient’s data, making patient’s data available and integrity of patient’s data. Health data has viable information like patient’s security number, credit card information and aliments pertaining to Patient health record. In such case data breaches can cause a significant loss. Apart from external source, there potential threat that can caused from computer malware function which can lead to wipe out of data, Infiltration hacking adding to it there’s something called phishing. Phishing can develop over access links generated in mails, by clicking link we can allow hackers to steal our data. Coping up with is challenging for health industry. Study shows that company’s, banking sector and health care industry are updating their there’s security tools, despite there is alarming trend in Cyber-attack, Year2017 witnessed 49% with use of Sophisticated tools and heavy infiltration. Appalling fact is hackers sell the patient’s data to black market. Researchers believe more than business stock, patient’s record is gold. Key information such as Insurance details, drug purchase and medical equipment all these loss is irreversible. Needless to say, health Industry over years has witnessed numerous of these incidences. This not only puts patient’s data in risk, company’s reputation is tempered long way. Nevertheless, Health industry can survive of this attack if they could embrace algorithms and tools available one such is encryption. Research aims to provide solution and strategy for current loopholes.
Get original essayBrief Information Risks and Threats in Healthcare is relating to patient’s data. Failure in providing confidentiality of data violation of HIPPA act. According to 2015 report, KPMG pointed out that “the healthcare industry is behind other industries in protecting its infrastructure and electronic protected health information (ePHI)”. Owing to it, there is exploit of Information assert. Although more of heath care risk are economically motivated. Non-economic motivated violation can be aroused by insider curiosity. For instance, worker accessing co-worker heath record. Some of healthcare lack the basic access control system, with improper security check in anybody can virtually break in and have access to logs or Hospital blueprint. It’s best advised for administration to make budget to incorporate fingerprints and smart-cards. “Fraudsters use this data to create fake IDs to buy medical equipment or drugs that can be resold, or they combine a patient number with a false provider number and file made-up claims with insurers” (Khan, Sayed, Hoque. 2016). However, most of hospital don’t have knowledge on IT infrastructure. They fail to have precise picture on network. Improper tracking and reporting can inevitably slow down updates. Updates should be received from main server to every system connected in network is necessary. Gaps in updates, can slow down system and weakness the firewall. Needless to say, every printers, Portals and nurse stations communicating with each other which be easy target for hackers. Following which can led to data beaches. Another major case is disclosure information or condition accidentally through email. On the other hand, another threat identified is systemic threat which usually motivated by work with help of insiders with privilege of access privacy. Hypothetically, patients denied of medical assistance with medical condition with help of insider they tend to modify medical code and apply for service.
United States Congress was introduced HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act in 1996, it also is known as a Kennedy–Kassebaum Act (Kennedy Act). This act has 5 different titles. First in line, HIPAA protects health insurance coverage this particular act is applicable for citizens who lost their jobs or change of gap duration of the time this citizen and his families can benefit it. Second is, Administrative Simplification (AS), this applies to people who are the establishment of national standards for electronic health care transactions and national identifiers for providers, health insurance plans, and employers. Third in line, Pre-tax medical spending accounts followed by Group health plans and finally Governs company-owned life insurance policies. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act(HIPAA), is a benchmark for accessing and implementing health data. It’s more like a disciplinary board for protecting and monitoring health care data and Survey shows health care industry and ecommerce are rapidly prone to data breaches. Medical data is like hot cake in black market and sells faster than credit card information because of wide details it possesses like patient’s SSN, Insurances policies numbers, tax filling forms, since credit card theft can be void by bank. Medical theft however has strong impact. Instances, show there is a significant breach in web portal hospitals(ePHI) this resulted HIPAA to evaluates weak factors, threat that can impose penalties on companies and urged them to work on countermeasures. Simple HIPAA policies include basic Health Plan, covers cost of patient’s bills as per layout conditions. Core of it is, Health Care Clearinghouse most important procedure in medical insurance is processing for claims. In this scenario, software creates a file claim and sends to billing warehouse, after rounds of inspection establishes secure connection and sends to buyer. Digital transmission of e-claims over mail can subject to wide range of threat. With ecommerce and finances targeting customers easy, health care industry also adapting customer oriented like generating E-payment, health monitoring, online consultation and e-prescription. Incidentally, Idea of health bank, first conceptualized in Ramsaroop and Ball (2000) this platform stores and exchange patient health records patterned after a personal banking system where consumers could deposit and withdraw information. Recent launches of Microsoft ‘s ‘Health Vault’ and ‘Google Health’ are examples of such health banking systems. This application is likely to cause risks. Need for HIPAA has increased more recent year than much before.
Data is assert, to any industry. Fundamental idea of any organization is to veil data. Data exposed can be severe threat not just for company but it’s clients. Recent Study shows Health industry security is hitting bottom. However, there are many reasons on why data breaches occur in Healthcare. Some of incidents include Hacking, Unauthorized access, Physical loss/theft of record and unencrypting. On contrary, plenty of hacking incidences are uprising, inspite of companies hiring a stand-alone team to work on threads. Sharing data across platforms could ignite risks factors. Sophisticated techniques involving consolidation of health records to a single research database, can mitigate risks.
With ecommerce and finances targeting customers easy, health care industry also adapting customer oriented like generating E-payment, health monitoring, online consultation and e-prescription. Incidentally, Idea of health bank came into shape with Ramsaroop and Ball (2000) this platform stores and exchange patient health records patterned after a personal banking system where consumers could deposit and withdraw information. Recent launches of Microsoft ‘s ‘Health Vault’ and ‘Google Health’ are examples of such health banking systems. This application is likely to cause risks. Recent cases of data breaches, comes IT health giant Anthem. Numerous enrollment in health plan policies has put patients record in vulnerability spotlight. Patients sensitive data such as credit card SSN, Address is soft target. Making matters worst, company has detected ‘phishing’ happened technique that generates spam across emails user accessing, hacker can capture data. However, Company later has adopted serval complex access control techquies such as RFID’s, facial recognition and digital signature. Second case, notorious health chain Life Bridge. This Health care system is infected with virus, that attacked EMR server exposing serval patents registration details at risks. Reports showed that company has provided compensation and addition to it started call centers addressing issues and offered monitoring to customers. Bottom-line, risk Management has to evolve to assure safety of company.
Good thing is there is best practices available in market to make data less available. Encryption is one such practice. Only with help of decipher key data will be available only authorized source can access data. Including encryption there is other strong mechanism like adopting digital signatures, algorithms, passwords to make it secure. Although, verification and authentication are primary source of authentication. Industry has to ensure it adopts strong security framework and train its employers to inherent best strategy. Theirs is serval instances which proved weak firewall set up can welcome infiltration. Admin has to monitor to make sure stand-alone VLAN’s are created. Another prime fact, industry must make sure all drivers are frequently supervised and back up so that incase of any natural disaster or human negligence potential data is not wiped out. Many organization are adopting use of proprietary formats to store information of patients. Complex data halts disclosure to other key policy providers. In research study reveals Walker et al. (2005) empirically argued that investing in EMR interoperability and establishing a health information exchange could save the industry $77B annually. Nevertheless, Data Interpolation is a an advantages with serval control measure and strong policies data becomes secure. Thanks, to recent awareness some of analytical tools that technologies have come forward to offer best support. For instance, In Big data technology one can “analyze any kinds of data from the system level to detect any kind of malicious act or intrusion detection” (Raghupathi. 2014).
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Get custom essayHealthcare industry has become easy targets for Infiltration. Over a decade there is a growing security concerns. As mentioned earlier, patient data is rich with all sorts of information needed to cause irreparable damage. Potentially, there is need to reinforce policies to make sure patient’s data if involved if with any malpractice got to be heavily penalized. Apart from this Web portal maintained by health care has been reported in serval case studies easily attacked by hackers. Main responsibility has to be taken by Organization giving proper training and awareness about Infrastructure. Nevertheless, should make sure employers practice encryption to mitigate data beaches risk. Adding on, firewalls updates has be supervised at regular periods to make sure there is no potential gaps between server system and user system. We have witnessed sophisticated use of access control mechanisms like RFID’s smart cards and biometrics can help safe authorization of entry. Health IT administrations has to be employed to ensure lowest level of security is also well implemented like protections system with combinations of passwords, updating software patches incorporating algorithms to keep risk at bay.
Health is very vital in any state economy. Many states have been on the fore-front to revive and improve their health economy as a whole. To do this they have seen the need of developing and improving health strategies. Health care reform strategy is a continuous practice of vital change of policies and procedures in the health sector usually done by a health body in the government. It involves a series of laid done process with an aim of fulfilling the core health objectives which are; improving access to health services, providing quality care and controlling the rise of health costs. In this paper we will focus on some of the health strategies including affordable care act, financial reforms, national essential drug systems.
Get original essayIn 2010, President Barack Obama developed Affordable Care Act and put it in law. This was the most ever aspiring health reform established in the U. S history. Presidents that reigned before Barack Obama had tried to develop a national reform but failed. The only exception was in 1965 when President Lyndon introduced an insurance cover called Medicare aimed to assist senior citizens and low- income earning families. To achieve this reform President Obama worked with his government legislature to advance a comprehensive reform legislation. It faced opposition from political movement and activists receiving support only from democrats. It succeeded on March 23, 2010.
Affordable Care Act has a well-established funding structure. According to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the ACA’s budget is estimated to cost roughly $1. 363 billion over the period of 2014-2023. The estimated funds are raised from discretionary funding which is done annually through appropriations. Affordable Care act has also introduced an annual fee on health insurance providers. They are expected to pay a fee to the federal government depending on net premium net written. Government entities are exempted from these rates and self-insured plan.
Affordable Care Act has impacted positively to the society. It has developed new structures which have enabled nearly all citizens to have an insurance cover. It has also provided medical aid to low- income earners and adults. Besides that, it has created new initiatives to increase health promotion and prevention of diseases. It has also been able to increase the numbers and improve working conditions of health workers. In addition it has been able to fight corruption and abuse thus promoting transparency.
States developed viable financial health services to curb the problem of low investments in the health sector which has been the case for the last few decades. According to reports presented by World Health Organization average total expenditure in most countries is about 2-8 percent of their GDP. Some of the financial mechanism adopted by states include community-financing systems to protect poor families. Hospital care has been expanded through public-private joint venture initiatives. Some countries are working with international and national private corporations to assist in establishment of big and medium-scale hospitals.
China established an indispensable drug schemes at local levels. In 2009 the government compiled national essential drug list and issued a copy of strengthening this model. It issued price regulations on sale of drugs on retail and achieved essential clinical drug guidelines to be followed. With time 82 percent of the counties had adopted this reform in their local reimbursement list. Provinces developed platforms to allow purchases of non-profit drugs at provincial levels. With time all thirty one provinces agreed to this reform.
This reform resulted in lower drug prices by 25 to 50 percent in areas where it was adopted. It also contributed to improvement of medical services at county levels. Just like U. S china relied on patients charges to generate its revenue. It also relies on Social insurance to fund the health reforms. China also relies on local government to fund its Medical Assistance program for the poor. The government also pays premium contribution to the poor in the urban and rural basic social insurance.
States have developed health care reform strategies which have impacted positively to the health sector. States have adopted health strategies including Affordable care Act, financing reforms and new drug reform strategies. Affordable Care Act introduced by U. S government is one of the main strategies introduced. It has enabled nearly all citizens to afford a medical insurance. In addition it has enabled low income adults and citizens to afford medical services. If this reform continues to be put in place more and more benefits will be felt in the health sector. Other states which have not yet adopted health reform strategies should also work towards that to allow their citizen to enjoy health reforms benefits.
The number of bioactive components extracted from Pistacia species is so abundant including terpenoids, sterols and phenolic agents. These plants have many biological activities including anti-microbial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and phytotoxicity effects due to its chemical constituents. The antimicrobial activities of Pistacia species have been recognized in various studies. The extract oil of Pistacia Vera had some antifungal effects stronger than nystatin. A new study has discovered the components of Pistacia Terebinthus by GC, GC-MS responsible for anti-fungal activity. The most dermatophytes showed high sensitivity against ?-pinene, camphene, ?-pinene, terpinolene and ?-phellandrene exist in the leaves of Pistacia terebinthus. A Turkish study described the potent antibacterial efficacy of oil extract of Pistacia Vera against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Obviously this has an essential role in prevention of diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders in natural medicine. Moreover, the extract of Pistacia Integerrima has relaxant and spasmolytic activities as well as anti-asthmatic effects. The mechanism of action looks to be by blocking the muscarinic receptors of gut. The antispasmodic acton of Pistacia Integerrima has benefit the asthmatic patients as well and many studies will be designed in the future to prove it.
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As mentioned the variety of compounds in Pistacia species has given a unique characteristic to resolve many different disorders including cancer cells. In fact they act as chemoprotective anticancer naturotherapy to resolve the side effects of chemotherapy such as nausea, vomiting and hair loss. A study shows that Pistacia Integerrima crude extract inhibited breast cancer MCF-7 cell line by 97% dose-dependently. Instead of using anti-emetic medications with some neurological side effects such as metoclopramide, the antiemetic effect of the aqueous extract of leaves and nuts of Pistacia Vera in young chickens was studied. Emesis was induced by copper sulfate (60 mg/kg, orally) and ipecac (600 mg/kg, orally). The aqueous extract was injected intraperitoneally. The LD50 values of aqueous extract of leaves and nuts were 666.5 mg/kg and 565.7 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum nonfatal doses of the aqueous extracts were 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg, respectively. The antiemetic activity was unraveled to be due to central and/or peripheral receptors. In the recent years there have been many studies on the anticancer potential of extracts derived from mastic resin. The inhibition of cancer cell growth of prostate cancer, hepatic cancer, glioblastoma cells, lung cancer and even leukemia has been reported by mastic resin of Pistacia Lentiscus.
Analgesic and antipyretic effects
Pain and fever are manifestations of inflammation. Extract of P. integerrima galls was evaluated in mice for their analgesic effects. At a dose of 200 mg/kg, it showed significant analgesic response. At 50–200 mg/kg, it alleviated acute and chronic inflammation. The crude methanolic extract of P. integerrima bark was evaluated for antipyretic activity in mice model. At a dose of 100 mg/kg, the extract exhibited significant antipyretic effect .P. integerima bark extract-derived pistagremic acid possesses strong peripheral and central antinociceptive activity. In rat model, the terpene ameliorated carrageenan-induced edema. By docking studies, the antipyretic effect was explained to be by manipulation of COX-2 enzyme.
Hypoglycemic effect
Diabetes, a metabolic disease with pleiotropic health consequences is fast emerging as an epidemic. Prevention and treatment strategies largely focus on postprandial glycaemia reduction. A randomized study on type 2diabetic patients revealed that consumption of 25 g pistachio nuts twice/day for 12 weeks can decrease glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose level. The intervention outcome suggests the glycemic control potential of the nuts.
Hypotensive, anti-atheroscletic and cardioproetective
Hypertension can lead to a gamut of cardiomyopathies such as asphyxia, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, myocardial ischemic injury, stroke, cardiac arrest etc. Lowering of dyslipidemia and restoring blood pressure to normalcy can improve heart health. Nuts consumption has been validated beneficial in this regard. The methanolic extract of P. vera nuts decreased the aortic surface lesions rabbit model of atherosclerosis. In as randomized study, pistachios nuts consumption for 4 weeks decreased the serum oxidized-LDL concentration through cholesterol-lowering and may provide an added benefit as a result of the antioxidants the pistachios contain. A moderate-fat diet containing P. vera nuts moderately improves some cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic adults A systematic review of randomized controlled trials, nuts intake, including that of P. vera has healthy effects on blood pressure. P. lentiscus var. chia resin was evaluated in human subjects for possible cardiac benefits. Ingestion of the resin powder at 5 g/daily dose for 18 months led to improvement in serum parameters as reflected in lower total cholesterol, LDL and apolipoprotein B levels.
Digestive P. lentiscus resin was evaluated for its digestive properties. Functional dyspepsia patients were administered with the gum. The ingestion of 350 mg thrice/day for 3 weeks ameliorated the symptoms of the bowel discomfort such as stomach pain and heartburn, better than placebo.
Antimicrobial
Gastric disorder, ulcer etc. are often due to bacterial activity. Helicobacter pylori as a driver of gut inflammatory Crohn's disease is well-validated.P. lentiscus at an oral dose of 500 mg/kg ameliorated gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats. P. atlantica fruit oil extract improved ulcerative colitis in rat models. Microbiome, the microbes distributed on various niches of human body has been proven critical for immune status and neaural homeostasis.Optimization of the microbiome, by dietary intervention has been consistently suggested .Increasing the consumption of nuts, including that of pistachio appeared beneficial in improving gut microbiota composition.It promoted the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria over lactic acid bacteria .The gum-derived essential oil of P. lentiscus var. Chia was investigated against a range of foodborne pathogenic and food spoilage microbes. The oil dominated by a-pinene and b-myrcene were most effective against Clostridium perfringens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces bailii. Gram positive microbes were more susceptible compared to Gram negative microbes .Another study reports that efficacy of the P. lentiscus essential oil in pathogenic inhibition is due to the synergistic effect of the components in it, highlighting the role of trace components like verbenone, alpha-terpineol, and linalool . The findings raised the possibility of their addition in food processing.
Phytotoxicity
It is well know how chemical pesticides are spreading catastrophe by polluting air, water, soil and breaking links of food chain, eventually predisposing humans to a range of diseases .In this scenario, the discovery of natural herbicides is the need of the hour. In this context, pistacia genus has prospects as a weedicide. The methanolic extract and it ethyl acetate fractions P. integerrima bark have shown herbicidal activity, though sufficient literature support is yet to be found. However, the inhibitory effect on the weeds is likely to beby the allelopathic action, as exerted by some other plants as Lantana, Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) etc. This aspect ought to be researched further.
Future directions
As inferred from above mentioned biological effects, the genus Pisatcia is valuable. However, like everything else in biology, the benefits are not straight-forward. Several conflicting results have emerged as well. On toxicity profiling, no evidence of acute toxicity has been noticed on oral administration of pistacia extracts. . However, dosage is the decisive factor in this regard. High dose of P. integerrima i.e. at 1500 mg/kg exhibited toxicity and caused 66.6% deaths in mice. IgE-mediated allergic reactions to pistachio nuts are well known. The causative allergens include Pis v1 (2S albumin) and Pis v2 (11S globulin), respectively .Also, these nuts can cause allergenic cross-reactivity with other nuts in atopic individuals .P. lentiscus fruits fatty oil is an irritant, causing contact dermatitis. .Brazil pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) fruit (pink peppercorns) are inedible, but sometimes adulterated in spices, which hs been documented to trigger anaphylaxis in some individuals .California pepper (Schinus molle) as well as Brazil pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) emanate the skin irritant alkenyl phenol urushiol .Though this aeroallergen has been causal of numerous cases of dermatitis, urticaria and asthma, it has not been studied sufficiently. Hence, contact with Pistacia plant parts of their ingestion might have adverse health consequences as well, which needs to be evaluated. Mosquitoes like Anopheles, Culex, Aedes have been age-old adversaries of manking as the vectors for deadly viruses (such as Flavivirus), protozoa, and parasites. Pesticides are effective in their management, but the chemical has detrimental effect on human health. In this regard, natural larvicidal agents would be a great, sustainable solution. In this regard, some related Anacardiaceae members such as Brazil pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) have proven effective. The leaf extract of this plant damaged A. aegypti fourth instar larval midgut epithelium, when incubated for 8 days. The bioactive compounds were attributed to be the polymeric proanthocyanidins, hydrolysable tannins, aglycone flavonoids, cinnamic acid derivatives, steroids, lectin etc .California pepper (Schinus molle) leaf essential oil could in vitro control cat ectoparasites (Ctenocephalides felis felis). At 50mg dose, the efficacy was 100% against the adult flies, which was attributed to was lupenone. In this regard, Pistacia genus might be useful as larvicidal agents as well. The dioecious nature of this plant affects fertilization and plant dispersal. So, Monoecious generation seems to be a viable option. Like other wild plants, genetic erosion is threat to Pistacia genus as well. So, its germplasm conservation ought to be a priority. In conventional conservation, germplasms are preserved on farms (in situ), in seed and field genebanks (ex situ), in the wild, which make them susceptible to weather conditions or infections. In this regard, tissue culture techniques such as organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis and micrografting are being adopted. Cryopreservation, the dehydration and one-step freezing (vitrification) have been developed for seeds from several Pistacia species, P. vera, P. terebinthus and P. lentiscus.