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Bildungsroman novels are identified by the grueling quest a protagonist undergoes in his search for place in society. The experiences the protagonist undergoes within this search contribute to their moral and psychological growth, building to one pinnacle point in their life, the long awaited identification of who they are or in some cases, the lack of it. In Patrick Susskind’s Perfume: The Story of a Murderer, the quest and transitions Granouille undergoes build his character and aids him in his search for identity.
Throughout the novel, the existence of identity is determined through whether or not an individual emits an odor. Initially the wet nurse Jean-Bussie states that Granouille himself does not emit an odor, foreshadowing what he will spend his days trying to achieve and establishing the fact that he has no identity. As he is passed on to Father Terrier, we are given a small yet telling demonstration of his extra-ordinary power of scent, as he smells the priest upon awakening. However, this power gets Granouille no closer to his goal of identity and while he may have the bodily form of a human being, it is his bodily existence that closes all possibilities for him to become one. Leaving his home, Granouille is adamant in his search for identity. In Pierre fort, the virgin girls he murders are out of his craving to obtain human scent or in other words, human identity. Ironically, while Granouille is successful in his capturing of the perfect scent (essence aboslu), upon witnessing the thousands of people engage in a sex orgy he realized that he had failed to obtain human identity. The scent did not give him the identity of a human but rather a god-like status. Additionally, it makes Granouille realize that the people loved the scent and not him so no matter how hard he tries, he will never be considered among the humans. This illustrates that while Granouille may chase human identification, he will always be seen as a god among men.
Granouille, who was hunchbacked, walked with a limp, and had many scars on his face, thought that his physical appearance made him no different from anyone else. During the Marquis’s show, Granouille wore nice clothes for the first time in his life. Upon looking at himself in the mirror, he thought that, “[H]e looked like a thousand other people”, (144), yet “he felt not one bit different from”, (145). Granouille believed that the being that looked back at him in the mirror was what truly mattered, the “odorless figure”. He was able to influence others through how others viewed him, and the ability to wear various perfumes or clothes subsequently gave him various identities. At this point, it was not what you are that mattered to Granouille, but how and what you look like. Shortly after his experience with the Marquis, Granouille began to formulate human odors. With this, Granouille was able to settle into his surroundings and manipulate people through his use of odors. He could make people believe he was anyone, allowing the man with no identity to become the man with a plethora of identities.
Coming to the realization that he can no longer be among humans, Granouille abandons his search for identity and ends the quest, or so it seems. Following Granouille’s realization that the people loved the scent and not him, he retreats back to Paris to end his life. Even though “his perfume might allow him to appear before the world as god,” it meant little to him, as “if he could not smell himself and thus never know who he was, to hell with it, with the world, with himself, with his perfume” (252). While it makes sense for a man to go back to his birthplace to end his life, there is a misconception of Granouille’s alleged death wish. As Granouille douses himself with the entire bottle of essence aboslu, already knowing what a single drop of the essence is capable of, he is devoured by “thieves, murderers, cutthroats, whores, deserters, and young desperadoes” (253). While many view this as an act of desperation, it can alternatively be viewed as a staged act in the hope of resurrection. Granouille is likened to a tick several times throughout the novel due to his tenacity, which we have become accustomed to, so it does not make sense for him to simply want to kill himself. What makes sense, however, is for Granouille to commit this act in the hope of being reborn with a human scent and thus a human identity. In a nutshell, the destruction of Granouille’s own body was to achieve a clean slate through rebirth.
In 1973, Art Spiegelman wrote a graphic novel series entitled Maus. The graphic novels are based on World War II and The Holocaust, a war in which his family, being of Polish descent and Jewish, was greatly harmed and nearly destroyed. Spiegelman changed the names of his characters but they represent his family and tell their story. Considering the text from a Marxist Criticism standpoint, Spiegelman shows social stratification between the Jewish and German populations by presenting them as specific animals.
Get original essayAt the bottom of both the German social class and the animal food chain, the Jews, aka mice, are being labeled and exterminated during this time in history and throughout the text. As seen on page 108 in book one, it shows the mice behind barbed wire fencing at one of the “ghettos” that the Nazi officer's created to hold all the Jews. It also shows them, the mice, with the star of David that they legally had to wear to identify them as Jewish. The Jews/Mice were on the lowest part of the social class and were not only being labeled but also imprisoned. One of the characters, a mouse, describes “That spring, on one day, the Germans took from Srodula to Auschwitz over 1,000 people.” The description matches with and shows the history of the Holocaust as “The Jews of Europe were legally compelled to wear badges or distinguishing garments (e.g., pointed hats) at least as far back as the 13th century. This practice continued throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance but was largely phased out during the 17th and 18th centuries. With the coming of the French Revolution and the emancipation of western European Jews throughout the 19th century, the wearing of Jewish badges was abolished in Western Europe. The Nazis resurrected this practice as part of their persecutions during the Holocaust.” The text on 108 also shows a Jewish child/mouse being thrown against a wall because they “were screaming and screaming. They couldn’t stop.” The social stratification is clear here as it’s the mice being labeled, imprisoned and killed by the Nazi Cats.
Higher up in respect, of course, were the general, non-Jewish, German population and those in the Nazi party. Spiegelman makes them pigs and cats, respectively. This is seen on page 113 in book two when an older Nazi woman, obviously a cat, is yelling at a few Jewish holocaust survivors to be arrested for wearing her husband's clothes, “Arrest those two Jewish thieves! They stole my husband’s clothes!” As a German citizen, cat, she clearly believes that whatever she says goes, much like the personality of cats who tend to be stereotyped as not caring about others and doing what they want. Historically this hatred and anger towards the Jews were because “The German defeat was hard to swallow for many Germans, and for Hitler, too. In nationalist and right-wing conservative circles, the ‘stab-in-the-back legend’ became popular. According to this myth, Germany did not lose the war on the battlefield, but through betrayal at the home front. The Jews, Social Democrats, and Communists were held responsible.” Once the Nazi party started spewing this way of thinking, Germany was headed toward the Holocaust.
Finally, Spiegelman shows the social stratification through animals by representing the Americans as dogs. There are certainly good connotations with dogs, but they are not perfect animals either. On page 112 of Book 2, the Americans, dogs, have finally come to the rescue. The author shows the Americans rescuing the mice/Jewish population in a scene from the book that states “ those krauts can’t hurt you anymore. The only ones left are dead or dying.” In this scene, the American, clearly a dog, has his arms around two Jewish men and is showing his support for them. Now, dogs do not have only positive connotations. Unfortunately, the author has to show that as well. Also on page 112, there’s a scene where a dog/soldier/American says to the survivors they rescued, “But I guess you boys can stay here if you keep the joint clean and make our beds.” So while America did eventually enter the war and help, “The United States and the other Allied nations prioritized military victory over humanitarian considerations during World War II. Saving Jews targeted for murder by the Nazi regime and its collaborators was not the Allies’ wartime aim.” Likely why Spiegelman chose dogs as they can be loyal and loving and rule over mice or cats but also can be stereotyped as “top dog” type of thing with an arrogant connotation and even mean.
While there are many critical lenses to analyze a text, Marxist Criticism looks at the way an author uses society within the text or how they show society’s makeup within the text. Maus I and II clearly show that there were social classifications throughout the book and within the state of Germany by labeling specific characters as particular animals that matched their status in real life. Again, the rescuers, or Americans, were dogs, Germans were pigs, Nazis cats, and the Jewish population was represented as mice. Spiegelman uses these animals to not only denote their rank within German society but also to tell his family’s story. I assume he may have chosen this manner in which to tell his story because he knew the importance of sharing the truth, but maybe using animals it made it easier for him to face and share.
As a part of this course, learning positive in both theory and practice is imperative as envisioned in our syllabus. As such, one learns how to help others increase their happiness and well-being with a goal of producing a smiling society. In theory, there are numerous concepts of positive psychology such as gratitude, forgiveness, autonomy action, and mindfulness. Moreover, there are theories such as broaden and build theory all meant to expound on the idea of positive psychology. However, to get a better understanding on the implementation of these concepts, developing a plan of action of action in which to realize them is imperative. Accordingly, this report covers an activity in which the main aim was to put gratitude into action.
Get original essayAccording to oxford, gratitude implies the state of being grateful or thankful to someone for doing something that had a positive impact effect on one’s feeling. The word first known use was in 1523 by Anglo-French or Medieval Latin word “gratitudo” or Latin word “gratus” meaning grateful. As a positive psychology construct, gratitude is a general tendency to offer recognition and response with grateful emotion to those people whose roles have been of benevolence to us resulting to positive experiences and outcomes in our lives. Gratitude shares similar meanings with words like appreciation, thankfulness, and gratefulness.
Gratitude can be described as an affirmation of goodness as Robert Emmons, world’s leading expert on gratitude, argues in his essay, “Why Gratitude Is Good.” He also argues that gratitude also makes us recognize that what makes us feel good is outside ourselves. Consequently, we acknowledge that god or other people may shower us with gifts whether big or small that will help us achieve the goodness inherent in our lives. As such, gratitude can be seen as a relation-ship strengthening emotion as it requires us to appreciate the support that others had extended to our lives. As such, gratitude has three main facets. Intensity is the first facet where an individual who had experienced a positive event feels intensely grateful. Second facet involves frequency where a dispositionally grateful person may exhibit gratitude’s numerous time a day mostly elicited by simple favors or politeness. Span is the third facet referring to number of circumstances for which an individual may feel grateful at a certain point in time. Lastly, density is the facet describing the number of persons to whom one feels grateful for a given positive outcome.
i. Establish how one own feeling of happiness and wellbeing due to gratitude may help us serve others.
ii. Practically realize how to exhibit gratitude while examining the growing body of research into the construct’s contribution into one feeling of happiness and well-being.
iii. Lear how to use our gratitude to increases the wellbeing of others while strengthening civic engagements.
For some individuals, before their family goes to bend, they do a roundtable prayer in which they make a prayer thanking God for what they feel grateful of in life. However, for many, they never feel the need to remove their contentment from the comfort of their pillows and convert it to action. Accordingly, this action plan aims making students learn through direct experience how they can express their gratitude or enhance their feeling of gratification by helping others. The project will entail students working with a local self-help group in serving the less privileged in the local community. In the process, the goal is that students will be able to apply concepts learnt in positive psychology to facilitate their ability to express gratitude while at the same time deepening their understanding on the same. Finally, the project will help students learn how to civically engaged, reduce stereotyping about those living in poverty, strengthen their leadership skills, and contribute to the development of global citizenship.
To implement the plan, students will work with the self-help group to undertake a series of initiatives. The first initiative will be purchasing hygiene kits and accepting donation for the same. Then, we will donate these hygiene kits to the homeless in the society. Such individuals include those living in the streets as well as those living in temporally. In so doing, students will learn to appreciate what they have when they come across those who lack it. Another initiative would conducting a food drive where students will collect canned food and seek for help from others. The students will thereafter donate the food to a children’s home and some to a home for the aged. As such, when students learn that there others to whom affording a daily meal is a hustle, they will learn how to express gratitude for they can afford. Making cards for those suffering from complicated health problems will be another initiative. In the activity, the students will have to make cards with messages to encourage those they know are struggling with their health. In so doing, the students will have learnt to express their gratitude due to their good health by mingling with those who are struggling with theirs. Donating clothes students do not use will be another initiative meant to help them express gratitude for abundance in their lives. Lastly, the students will visit a local nursing home to spend time with those who do not have families. Most of these people include the old people who would like to feel loved and cared for. In so doing, the student will have learnt how to appreciate the fact that they have families and someone who cares about them because of intermingling with those who lacks the privilege.
As a part of the project, students will choose any of the activity in which to participate in. moreover, they will have to keep a reflective journal. The journal entries will be made after completing daily service hours. Other forms documentations such as pictures will also help students document their experiences. Moreover, students will have to evaluate their journal and write a report in which they identify and explain positive psychology constructs and theories that better helped them express their gratitude. Such theories include broaden and build theory, judgement theory, and Associationistic theory. Moreover, the report needs to cover positive and negative emotions felt before and after participating in the initiative. Then, at the end of the activity, students will participate in reflection session where they will share their experiences at the different initiatives they were involved. Moreover, a representative from the self-help group will join the students during the reflective session to discuss the concept of gratitude and other concepts that help us better express our gratitude. Moreover, there will be a play music with pictures and quotes related to the project. The slideshow will help students review the learning activities that they and their classmates undertook total number of hours and comments from those who revived their service.
At the end of the action project, the students are required to have learnt how to use actions to express their gratitude. The hope is that at the end, because of involving oneself in any of the above mentioned, the students are expected to learn ways in which they can express their gratitude via actions. Secondly, the students are supposed to appreciate how various concepts of positive psychology connect with gratitude in enabling us obtain happiness and a sense of well-being. Moreover, at the end of the project the students are expected to be conversant with civic engagement and learn how they can use what they have to register a smile in other people’s lives. Lastly, there is an expectation that at the end of the project students will learn about leadership and how to use the position to achieve positive development for global citizenship.
Due to students having been to choose which initiative they would like to use in learning how to express gratitude in action, they will have easier time learning as the activity is of their interest. As such, they will be able to devote much of their efforts in the activity into the initiative they are pursuing thereby poising them to better learn how to use action to show their gratitude. Secondly, the activities in the project consume less time and the financial obligation students need attainable as they can donate items they already have and not using. As such, the students require little efforts in order to carry out the project. As such, they are less likely to despair giving them ample time to learn. Lastly, the exercise makes use an already established self-help group as a major partner in executing the project. Accordingly, there exist well-established structures on where to work. As such, students will have easier time pinpointing their target group thereby making the exercise less tedious. Moreover, having established structures will help eliminate the fear of being a stranger that first time starters in such experiences face. Consequently, students will have an easier time in carrying their activities thereby being able to achieve the desired outcomes.
After undertaking the action plan, there was an evaluation on the student and the target groups’ responses to evaluate the effectiveness of the action project. There were fifty students participating in the action projects. Responses from forty students indicate that their feeling for gratitude increased significantly after engaging in the action project. Moreover, ninety percent of the students reported to have learnt something new in using actions to enhance their feelings of gratitude. To some, for example, they never conceptualized that their old clothes could make someone else feel happier or enhance their feeling of well-being. All the students responded that they felt to have changed other people’s lives. Each student in all the categories seemed elated that their actions had made other people fell loved and their sense of well-being grows due to their actions. Lastly, most students expressed their optimism on the effectiveness of learning through experience as it leads to a deeper understanding of what they learnt in class regarding gratitude and other positive psychology concepts learnt in class. However, students expressed concern on difficulty associated with scheduling of the activities. Most of the students felt that crashing between other classes and time they ought to be in the filed learning proved challenge them. As such, most of the students never met all the objectives though they met most of the objectives.
Allowing students choose what initiative to use in learning could be the reason as to why most of the objectives were achievable. Secondly, as the tutor, I worked together with the students thereby acting as role model. As such, students had able guidance and could easily seek for clarification where they felt they needed. Lastly, before undertaking the action project, there was an in-class orientation session where the students intermingled with the partners in the self-help group. Accordingly, they were cordial relations between the students and the members. Consequently, students had an easy time working with the member in the organization making them easily meet the set objectives.
If the action project were of choice in the future, I would give the students more autonomy in coming up with the ideas on type of initiatives they would like in the projects. Moreover, I would allow them to develop a framework in which to implement the initiatives. As such, the students will feel they own the project thereby much devotion to learn.
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Get custom essayDespite the great role played by learning in classes, much understanding of the concepts may deepen through experience. In positive psychology, a sense of well- being due to gratitude may be achieved by appreciating those whose their action had positive impacts on our lives. However, by using action to express a feeling of gratification may enable us feel happier and enhance our sense of well-being.
F. Scott Fitzgerald is more strongly associated with the 1920’s than any other writer. He is generally considered the voice of his generation, but his insight into human behavior means that he is never out of print, for his flawed heroes and heroines speak to all of us.Perhaps no one is more fully drawn than Jay Gatsby: a self-made millionaire who retains his idealism, and in so doing, is destroyed by it.
Get original essayNick Carraway, Jay Gatsby’s best friend, narrates The Great Gatsby to us. Of course there is a literary device known as an “unreliable narrator,” someone who tells us the story but deliberately lies for some purpose of his or her own, but that isn’t the case here. Nick, though obviously biased in Gatsby’s favor as any friend would be, still gives us a straightforward account of the events. He passes harsh judgment on the Buchanans, but there is no reason to believe that his description of what actually happened is faulty.
Jay Gatsby is an idealist, someone who believes in his vision of things as they ought to be, not as they really are. It’s important to note that Gatsby is not unblemished: there is a strong indication, though it is never actually proven, that he made his money bootlegging. Still, Gatsby has not been corrupted by his wealth, and in that he differs radically from the Buchanans, arguably the villains of the piece.
Gatsby loved Daisy, lost track of her, and found her again, now married to Tom Buchanan. He realizes he has never stopped loving her, and sets out to win her back. In so doing, he acts upon his beliefs, rather than the facts; an example of his idealism. Nick tells us in the first pages of the novel that he doesn’t want to hear any more “revelations” about the human heart; that he is sick of confidences and learning other people’s business. The only person he exempts from this is Gatsby; Gatsby, who “represented everything for which I have an unaffected scorn.” (Fitzgerald, p. 2).
But Gatsby, despite the money that ordinarily would have driven Carraway away, is precious to him. And this is because of his idealism, which is what Nick is describing when he talks about Gatsby’s personality:“…it was an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in any other person and which it is not likely I shall ever find again. No—Gatsby turned out all right in the end; it was what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust that floated in the wake of his dreams … that … closed out my interest in … men.” (Fitzgerald, p. 2).
Nick’s word choice is significant: “what,” “preyed,” and “foul” all suggest a monstrous inhuman agency; “what” instead of “who”; “preyed on ” instead of “talked with”; “foul dust” instead of “disappointment.” Nick is already telling us that what happened to Gatsby was the result of his own romanticism, but that it was active, malevolent, and deliberate, not an accident.
There is another important point to remember here, and that is the difference between “new money” and “old money.” Gatsby is very wealthy, true—he’s a millionaire, but Tom Buchanan is even richer, many times richer. And Tom has inherited his wealth, not made it himself. Although we might think that working for one’s money and succeeding handsomely indicates a success story (and it does), there is a social position that comes with “old money” that does not exist for self-made and newer millionaires.
The society in which these people move is rarified, exclusive and privileged, and it is a society that will not admit the nouveau riche like Jay Gatsby. He badly misreads Daisy when he thinks she would be willing to leave Tom and give all that up, despite the fact that Tom is a monster.Tom Buchanan is having an affair quite openly; he’s a racist, a bigot and a sexist. He humiliates people, buys them off, and generally throws his weight around, both because of his money and because of his physical toughness; Tom is a brute.
If Gatsby were not such a dreamer, he would understand that only an essentially shallow and self-centered woman would put up with this for more than a few minutes. But he doesn’t understand that Daisy is every bit as careless and money-grubbing as her husband; he sees her as she was, and as he wants her to be, not as she is. Daisy sums up her philosophy of life when she describes her daughter and says she hopes she’ll be a fool: “… that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.” (Fitzgerald, p. 17).
The horrifying climax of the book occurs when Daisy, driving Gatsby’s car with him as a passenger, runs down and kills her husband’s mistress. Gatsby, ever noble, decides that he will tell the police he was driving. But he never gets the chance. Tom Buchanan, who comes on the scene a few minutes later, tells the grieving husband enough so that he (George) realizes it was Gatsby’s car. George tracks Gatsby down, shoots him, and then commits suicide.
Although Gatsby fails in his objective, and ultimately loses his life, Nick tells us that Gatsby “turned out all right in the end.” This implies that he isn’t a failure, and so the concept of failure in the book is larger than just one man’s fate. What Fitzgerald is castigating is the entire society in which the Buchanans move: people whose wealth insulates them from the consequences of their actions. After dropping enough hints to George so that he can find the car, Tom goes about his business. Daisy never comes forward to admit that she was the guilty party; and in fact no one even bothers to come to Gatsby’s funeral.
The only people there are Gatsby’s father and Nick. Failure then is the failure of a decent man to prevail; of caring people to overcome careless people; of kindness to win out over viciousness. Nick spells out the Buchanans for us, despicable wretches that they are:“They were careless people, Tom and Daisy—they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made…” (Fitzgerald, p. 181). This is the real failure: that these two monstrous, self-absorbed jackasses should be able to destroy a man like Gatsby and get away with it.
The Great Gatsby is a milestone in American literature. It’s affecting and pure in its lyrical recreation of another time and place. But its true triumph is the character of Jay Gatsby himself, who refuses to give up his dream, who never stops believing. Despite his failure to achieve his goal, he is a role model worth emulating.
The two texts “The Great Gatsby”, a novel by F.Scott Fitzgerald, and the social documentary, “Park Avenue – Money, Power and the American Dream”, present a serious accusation of the disparity of wealth in the Roaring Twenties and the present time, these both represent symbolism and identities. Audiences are placed to critically see the philosophy that Americans are brainwashing society with and have been for decades now. Money brings happiness and everything that comes with happiness, if you work diligently you’ll automatically be rewarded with success and happiness in life. The idea of the American Dream is that no matter what level of class you were born into or what class you currently are, you have the opportunity to attain your own success. The gap between the lower class and upper class and the advantages and disadvantages on the economic ladder, social status and equality depend on their background, their location of birth, their family history, and consequently their education and career pathway.
Get original essayThroughout the Great Gatsby, it is made clear that the protagonist of the novel Jay Gatsby is shown falling in love with Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby wants Daisy so bad that anything that comes in between them becomes the antagonist. Class differences, societal expectations and Gatsby’s past lies are the strong antagonists. At the beginning of the novel, Nick Carraway, Jay Gatsby’s neighbour, and also the novel's narrator informs the audience that located at the end of Daisy’s East Egg dock, barely visible from Gatsby’s West Egg lawn lies the green light. The green light symbolizes hopes and dreams, specifically Gatsby’s. But also illustrates money and the greed people have because of it. The light was a sense of love for Gatsby because he knew Daisy was at the other end. This is how Fitzgerald used the light to symbolize love as-well as many other important aspects. Gatsby has acquired great wealth from his illegal activities but he is still shut out of the upper classes by those who were born into wealth. Daisy is described as “the golden girl” although the green light is associated with her, Daisy likes to associate herself with gold and silver, the more enduring forms of currency. Therefore the green light portrays the money that is available for people like Gatsby, the kind of people that will do anything to attain it, compared to people like Daisy, who have inherited wealth, is out of reach. There is a reason why the green light is green and not just a regular white light, this is because green is the colour of greed and power. Fitzgerald had the green light specifically belong to Daisy because of her greediness for money and empowerment. In the novel Gatsby and Nick are having a conversation about Daisy, Gatsby clearly says “Her voice is full of money” (pg. 120), this shows the audience the kind of character Daisy is and what she believes money can do for her. Greed causes nobility, lack of wisdom, kindness and love, four things that Daisy was caught up in. Daisy married a man for his money and not for his love. She was incapable of love.
“The gulf between the rich and the poor is beginning to resemble the Grand Canyon”, the narrator, Alex Gibney says in the documentary Park Avenue, to compare and use as a metaphor for the immoral inequities of capitalism. Americans' richest citizens have “rigged the game in their favour”, and created unprecedented inequality in the United States. The wealthy bribe politicians through lobbying in order to help their interests. On one side of Park Avenue, in the South Bronx people are living on the streets and those who have a roof over their head are struggling to survive and provide day-to-day. The people living on this side are involved in a system designed by those living on the other side. This means that no matter how hard they work for it, they’ll never have the opportunity to have the access and privileges to the most simple things that others do. South Bronx is definitely the more lower class, there is money invested into the town but the money is concentrated into the hands of a few. This is causing them to have 1 of the highest infant mortality rates in the United States, access to educational resources are low, and student attendance at schools is below the American Educational guidelines and is continuing to drop because family’s do not have the support to provide for their families. This all comes back to wealth, power, and control, which leads us to the other side of Park Avenue, Manhattan. You see an insight of the poisonous role that money plays in politics. Children are provided with the best, prestige educational facilities, and have an equal chance of opportunities. Gibney associates wealth with amorality and poverty with noble striving. Throughout the film, the board game ‘monopoly’ is used as a ‘experiment’ to exhibit the cruel characteristics of being in control with money. This was a symbol of the American Dream that promises ‘equal opportunity’ for all. The game was far from fair, but it was set out that way to see what sort of traits these players would show when provided with such entitlement. Those in the game who were handed a large amount of fake money began to act hostile towards the players with less fake money. Although the two Park Avenues are geographically minutes apart, when we compare economic differences and their prospects for achieving the American Dream, you’d think they were a third-war country.
Between both the novel, the Great Gatsby and the documentary, Park Avenue: Money, power and the American Dream, there are many similarities between the characters, symbolism and especially the setting. In the novel and film, they both use the river as a metaphor. This is to divide the lower class from the upper class. In the film, the Hudson River is compared to a “deep and forbidding moat” meaning it is a barrier promoting the poor from crossing. A moat is designed to protect the rich/wealthy by keeping intruders out, so by calling the river a moat means the more fortunate believe those on the other side of the river are not welcome and emphasizes the divide between the rich and poor. In the novel, the Great Gatsby both East and West Egg are wealthy communities. Those families who inherited wealth are located on the more “fashionable” East Egg. Whereas in West Egg, residents whose wealth has been worked for, like Gatsby’s belong on the other side because they weren’t born into the wealth.
Money is a huge motivator in the Fitzgeralds Novel and Alex Gibney documentary. Both of which are driven by their desire, money, and materialistic things. Daisy marries Tom because of his lifestyle and what he can provide for her, South Bronx are left struggling with very little to nonaccess to resources or opportunities because of place of birth. Social stratification is a major role that is played in American society. Through social stratification, people are categorized into specific categories which are than divided into different statuses and sections. This is decided on the Americans' income, location of birth and background. The poor are affected by the low socio-economic.
There are eight Gurudwaras in Greece, most of them based in Central Greece and only one being in Crete. This division was called "The Schism" and was the result of long disputes between the Pope of Rome and the Patriarch of Constantinople. The Greek population in mainland Greece and the Greek islands is Christian Orthodox per 98%.
Get original essayThe Orthodox Church is strongly connected to the Greek Nation since the Byzantine times, when the Patriarch of Constantinople had a strong power over the national matters. Sikh Gurudwaras have faced numerous attacks, including gunshots and molotov cocktails, all of which received no media coverage. Although many people converted to Christianity in the centuries that followed, this didn't become an official religion until the Emperor Constantine the Great established Christianity as the official religion of the Byzantine Empire. A percentage of 1,3% are Greek citizens of Muslim religion, mostly people living in Thrace who were not affected by the population exchange of 1922 between the Greeks of Asia Minor and the Turks of Greece. You will find bellow information about the history of Orthodox religion in Greece. There is a direct link between religion as a cultural phenomenon and tourism.
The religion of Greek people is an important aspect of the Greek culture. However, actual immigration to Greece began in the 1970s. Although many people converted to Christianity in the centuries that followed, this didn't become an official religion until the Emperor Constantine the Great established Christianity as the official religion of the Byzantine Empire. Most Catholics live on the island of Syros, a remain from the Venetian occupation of Cyclades in the Medieval times. Sikhs have been in Greece since the World Wars, as part of the British Indian Army. Greece and Russia are the only countries to have such a great proportion of Orthodox population. You will find bellow information about the history of Orthodox religion in Greece. This division was called "The Schism" and was the result of long disputes between the Pope of Rome and the Patriarch of Constantinople. The disputes referred to the celibacy of the clergy (Catholic priests had to remain unmarried, whereas the orthodox priests could marry before becoming ordained), receiving the Holy Communion and the wording of the Creed: for the Orthodox the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father, whereas Rome added and the Son (filioque).
As mentioned, 98% of the Greek population is Christian Orthodox. They managed to preserve the religious conscience and the feeling of affiliation. Most Catholics live on the island of Syros, a remain from the Venetian occupation of Cyclades in the Medieval times. As of 2017, Sikhs are estimated to number 20,000-25,000. Sikhs often face racism and discrimination by the Greek public, who confuse them with Muslims, as well as legal challenges, mostly due to the distinct appearance (The Five Ks). On March 1, 2006, the Greek government passed a law allowing cremation, a move welcomed by both Sikhs and Hindus. During the several occupations, the Orthodox Church made a great effort to preserve the Greek language, culture, traditions and the Orthodox faith. The religion of rest of the population is Muslims, Catholic and Jewish. During the Ottoman rule, from 1453 to 1821, the Orthodox religion was an important element for the conservation and the definition of the Greek Nationality.
According to the history of Orthodoxy, the first who came in the Greek territory to preach Christianity was Saint Paul in 49 AD. Its members comprise between 88% and 95-98% of the population, the most recent Pew report gave a percentage of 90% as 2015 numbers. The religion of Greek people is an important aspect of the Greek culture. During the Ottoman rule, from 1453 to 1821, the Orthodox religion was an important element for the conservation and the definition of the Greek Nationality. The religion of rest of the population is Muslims, Catholic and Jewish. Since 1850, Greek Orthodoxy within Greece is handled by the Church of Greece.
Guru Nanak is also known to have passed through Greece during one of his journeys. About Orthodoxy, the main religion in Greece Information about the founders of the orthodox church, the Schism, the connection with the Greek nation, the separaration with the state and other religions in Greece. They managed to preserve the religious conscience and the feeling of affiliation. Since the 2008 economic crisis many Sikhs have migrated to other countries, many of whom being Britain,Canada, and Germany
The Greek Orthodox Church, a member of the Eastern Orthodox Communion, is accorded the status of "prevailing religion" in Greece's constitution, and Greece is the only country in the world where an Eastern Orthodox Church is clearly recognized as a state religion. Sikhism is still not an officially recognized in Greece and Sikhs are often not included in censuses. During the several occupations, the Orthodox Church made a great effort to preserve the Greek language, culture, traditions and the Orthodox faith. Visitors have the chance to see buildings and religious sites related to various dogmas and religions, which all co-exist in a state of ongoing dialogue and thus highlight the rare historic and cultural mosaic of Greece.
The religion of Greek people is an important aspect of the Greek culture. However, the largest problem between the two Churches was the demand of the Pope to have full control over the Eastern Patriarchs (of Constantinople, of Alexandreia and of Antioche). The Orthodox Church forms the third largest branch of Christianity, after the Roman Catholics and the Protestants. Sikhs are not allowed to wear their turbans and ride motorcycles without helmets, as in Britain, where their contributions in the war efforts were recognized and they were allowed to not wear helmets.
Pandora: The first mortal goddess The Pandora’s Box myth focuses much of its efforts towards exploring the curiosity which intrigues individuals of all gender (both men and women). Immediately Pandora decides to open the box given to her by her father, the outcomes are vivid depictions of her being a woman who brought evil to the world as well as the essence of creating an understanding of why she is rather scared of being discovered by her father. The intrinsic value of the Greek myth in this case is that curiosity has the ability of taking over the body. However, when people are warned against taking certain actions, they need not take it.
Get original essayThe practical thoughts of Pandora were essentially incorrect and the thoughts therein were fundamental revelations of the worst outcomes possible (the unexpected). Most critics are for the opinion that it is rather divergent from that in the book (Chasing Davis: An Atheist’s Guide to Morality Using Logic and Science, 14-69). They add that as going through Pandora’s Box enables the reader to learn how earthly hardship came into being, they maintain that it is substantially interesting that any woman would becomes a source of blame for various controversies in the mythical story which is comparable to Eve’s actions in the Judeo-Christian tradition. The society continues to associate this story with the Biblical story of Adam and Eve. In their understanding, Eve is seen to have brought ruin to the utopia in which humans lived once. There are a number of moral lessons that the society can adopt through this story.
The theme of retribution is also recurrent in demonstrating various times and trends in the mythology as it is brandished in the myth of Pandora’s Box. In myths, the Greek gods appear to lash out acridly the moment they feel that they are betrayed in which Pandora’s case is not an exempted. She was purposely sent to the world in order to have her curiosity drive her into opening the box. This myth also provides a manifestation of Zeus’s intelligence. Both the gods and mortals come into an understanding that the power of the god and subsequent fear for his power expressed in Pandora’s lap by leaving the blunder enables him avoid taking the fault for allowing evil into the world (Chasing Davis: An Atheist’s Guide to Morality Using Logic and Science, 14-69). Other scholars’ interpretations of this myth are rather analogous to this one. They are for the opinion that the story constantly revolves around having to shift blame to women for all the faults found in the world. Further, they are esteemed that the myth Pandora was initiated for failure in the long run. Zeus was a clever individual as he had curiosity instilled in her during her creating while at the same time knowing that such a trait could be one of the ultimate elements that his plan works. Zeus gives Pandora a box filled with evil in the hope that it will subsequently enter the world. Through opening the box up, all blame rests on her and Zeus appears to be the good guy. Zeus showcases this role as being the caring father even as Prometheus portrays traits of evil and finds her to be an individual with purer intentions (Epimethius). Zeus was in the knowledge that that if they were in any case to get married to Prometheus, his plan could have tragically failed.
My interpretation of this myth is rather opposing to that of others. The myth offers the society a detailed explanation of how evil emerged and offers an expression of the many meanings and values. The Pandora’s Box is a critically interesting and morally ascertained story which offers an interpretation of a wide range of different meanings to diverse people. Most audiences believe that the purpose of the myth was to illustrate that aspects of curiosity continue building on all mankind across all walks of life and that it is an element that never changes. The outcomes are essentially heart wrenching and at the same time, beautiful. Pandora’s Box thoroughly highlights on the fact that there are immense amounts of intrinsically motivated curiosity in different people, and that people who came into contact with Pandora box could have opened it in one way or another just as she did (Chasing Davis: An Atheist’s Guide to Morality Using Logic and Science, 14-69). This interprets the beginning of evil in the society and attaches a vivid explanation to each of the controversial aspects in the world. Faith is probably one of the most dynamically important moral themes in Greek mythology. In one consideration, the people listening to the myths need to believe in some way that they have some truth in them in order for to make them meaningful. Humans, both those used in the myths and those serving as audiences to the myths generally go further to establish a theory of belief which the gods are in actual existence.
Characters defying or angering their respective gods face severe punishment while those honoring and praising the gods secure rewards for themselves. Establishing faith for a given prophecy is profoundly relevant in seeking to circumvent it. Faith indeed appears in a more nuanced occasion that has much to do with belief and trust. By contrast, Pandora does not find forgiveness the moment she loses her faith in keeping the secret box shut from the world (Retelling Stories, Framing Culture: Traditional Story and Metanarratives in Children’s Literature, 23-67). This myth reinforces the moral theme that obedience needs not be misused or broken. The Greek playwright works written around 500 b.c., have a major appreciation for a complex, rich social and ethical framework in which their sensitivity is made on many profound human issues and conditions. The plays’ protagonists are caught in circles of circumstances that are beyond their control and have to essentially face these situations and at the same time, arrive at moral decisions of direct outcomes to both them and others. Most scholars are for the opinion that the Greek tragedies are as sophisticated in their writing and psychology as all forms of literature penned since.
There are several dimensions relating to humankind creation and the emergence of sin in the society. In one, the wise Prometheus and Epimetheus, his scatterbrained brother, are left in charge of creating humans. While Epimetheus recklessly goes about the job and gives the useful capabilities to animals, Prometheus provides humans with a shape of the gods and later instills the most valuable gift of all which is fire that he had taken from heaven. Further, Prometheus offers sufficient help to men through tricking Zeus to accept some of the poorly developed parts of animals as sacrificial offertory from men (Chasing Davis: An Atheist’s Guide to Morality Using Logic and Science, 14-69). Prometheus is tortured by Zeus as a form of punishment to him for having stolen fire as well as intimidating him to tell a secret which is the mother’s identity whose child could one day overthrow him (as he had Cronus). In the Caucasus, Zeus goes ahead to chain Prometheus to a rock where each day, eagles could come and tear at parts of his insides.
The early Theaters have been designed by greeks by which the folks would possibly see the performances of humor, disaster, and satyr performs. The concept was showcased by them throughout the Aegean that theaters grew to turn into a top quality of the panorama of each cities. Even the Romans enlarged across the concept and ongoing, included a back-stage, and left the association grandiose. The massive buildings are observable at archaeological web sites, and some of those proceed to be in utilization for performances and live shows nonetheless additionally for festivals of early play.
Get original essayEven the Most early theaters is likely to be traced straight again into the Minoan tradition on Crete by which a large space with resigned seats could also be considered within the web site of Phaistos. Evolving out of a degree part of globe place previous to a mountain the place ceremonies would sit watch, the theatres appeared out of the sixth century BCE and so have been assembled of timber. Historic instances would possibly probably moreover have been a sq. association of seats (like at Thoricus and Trachones at Attica) nonetheless that quickly developed to the chronological association that enabled folks to watch the scene and possess a a lot better perspective.
The Oldest Theatre Is This of Dionysos Eleuthereus In regards to the South Slope of the Acropolis of AthensBased mostly Into century BCE pottery ribbon that the purpose had strategies at entrance and was designed roughly a single metre over the ground. Actors performed over the purpose that skilled an entry on each left and aspect and in addition out of 1 basic door (so on enlarged into about a number of ) from the scene supporting, generally compelled to resemble a temple, palace, and even cave. The employment of environment is kind of in all probability. The purpose spectacle is likely to be in possession of a excessive platform out of which celebrities can carry out with gods speaking to celebrities and the gang . Performances' enthusiasm have been enriched utilizing a few additions. A wheeled stage (ekkylema) was pushed from this door and usedto radically disclose new environment, plus a crane (mechane) was situated for the correct aspect of this platform and in addition utilised to raise celebrities that have been taking part in with gods or personalities.
The earliest Theater is. The Nice Dionysia, held at March/April could be hosted by the theater by which in truth in all probability the playwrights like Euripides, Sophocles, and Aristophanes launched their carry out. Its improvement was normal on Greek theaters in cities. By the ending of this fifth century BCE there was a degree building inserted having wings on every side. Nonetheless seats have been created from rock and wooden's others. Admissions have been assembled to enter.In rock of the chairs Had been Created From the 4th century BCE (chairs ) and paths manufactured between items of chairs to ease accessibility. Stone drops have been inserted to Allow the viewers Theater in buy. At Size, background or the purpose scene got here to operate Constituted of rock and confronted utilizing semi-columns. The theater had obtained the Architectural type that turned much less or extra the norm around the and Greek Later worlds.
The construction industry in Tanzania includes transportation infrastructures, real estates, and civil works, including water supply. According to the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the Construction industry contributed 13.6% to Tanzania’s GDP during 2015, reaching almost USD6b. From 2016 to 2017 the government of Tanzania had budgeted TZS5.47t, which is to 25.4% of the total budget, excluding public debt service, for infrastructure development projects. As seen it is a big industry not only in Tanzania but also all over the world.
Get original essayThe building industry is a part of the construction industry. Green building technology is that buildings are environmental friendly and utilize efficiently the resources through out their lifespan, since the designing stage till construction. Green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact on the natural environment by; efficiently using energy, water, and other resources and reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation. Tanzania Green Building Council was established on 31st January 2014, with the mission of driving the sustainable development of Tanzania’s built landscape. One of its agendum is to promote the use of green materials in building. These materials are such as green concrete. Green materials are those, which are generally more efficient than traditional products because they require fewer resources to produce. In addition, materials that help cut down a building’s water or energy consumption can be considered sustainable. One of these materials is green concrete.
The construction industry has a lot of impacts to the environment and economy of the society. As seen recently the rise of global temperatures due to the effect of greenhouse gasses produced in our daily industrial activities. There is a need to address and act on this to reduce the effects of global warming to the planet. Researchers all around the world have made several actions and solutions. One of them is the use of green materials in building such as green concrete. In Tanzania the use of green materials especially green concrete is significantly a new concept and process as seen the Tanzanian green building council was established in 2014 to promote green building in Tanzania. The effectiveness of the introduced concept in our building industry has to be tracked and see the success of the innovative solution presented. The impacts green concrete has made as a sustainable building material to the environment and economy of the construction industry. Is the use of this material significant enough? Has the industry made a choice of switching to the new sustainable green concrete from the traditional concrete? These are the questions, which have to be answered. This research will focus on answering this questions and recommend on possible solutions to the factors hindering the wide use of green concrete in Tanzania.
Main Objective The main objective of the research is to assess the effectiveness of green concrete as a construction material to improve green building in Tanzania. Specific Objectives The specific objectives are; To determine the properties and behavior of green concrete. To evaluate factors influencing the choice of the concrete type in building. To implement and evaluate the performance of green concrete as a construction material. To develop a sustainable and innovative construction tool in the building industry in Tanzania.
This study will add knowledge on the use of green materials in our building industry and long-term goal of promoting green building. This will give room to more research to be made until the building industry in Tanzania will all be green building. This is important for the future generations in our country and the world at large.
Green Building Green building technology is that which its byproducts such as Buildings or structures, are environmental friendly and utilize efficiently the resources through out their lifespan, since the designing stage till construction. Green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact on the natural environment by: Using energy, water and other resources efficiently.Reducing environmental degradation and pollution. Also reducing waste byproducts. This research will discuss about green concrete’s application to the green building initiative.
Green materials Generally, there are two categories of sustainable building materials. Renewable materials, these are made from natural resources or recycled resources. Green materials, these are those, which require less resource to produce than the natural products. They are more efficient. Materials that can help cut down a building’s water or energy consumption are considered as sustainable materials. There is a higher demand of sustainable materials, as property owners, developers and regulators put an emphasis on cost savings, environmental protection, and energy conservation. Growth in sustainable building materials will be given a further economic boost by the expected recovery in overall construction activity.
Green Concrete A new insight into new technological and social developments guides the introduction of green building. As a sustainable material, concrete is also easily and affordably reused and rehabilitated. It is concerned that at least 5 percent of humanity’s carbon footprint comes from the concrete industry, both from energy use and the carbon dioxide (CO2) byproduct from the production of portland cement, one of concrete’s principal components. Portland cement (the binding component with large energy and CO2 footprints) manufacturing is a complex and massive industrial process undertaken by large organizations. Portland cement in turn holds the key ingredient of concrete, which is the most widely manufactured material on earth. In order to obtain green concrete, innovative approaches are necessary from the manufacture and shipment of cement to the blending and application of concrete to reduce energy use, capture and utilize emissions from cement manufacturing, as well as build energy-efficient and durable structures.(Lu, 2013) Green concrete is made from materials which are mostly industrial by products of manufacturing processes. These byproducts such as fly ash, silica, slag. Fly ash comes from the process of creating energy from burning of coal; they are very fine powder that remains from the process. Slag is a byproduct from the blast furnace in the production of iron. These materials are used as cement replacements in concrete production. It is as present, billions of tons of this industrial by product materials are used for land filling material just as soil. Their binding property as cement is unutilized. In 2008 the average replacement of cement as a binding material in concrete by this industrial by products was 14%. This is because the chemistry of these industrial byproducts is not fully known. Because the chemical behavior of IBP materials has not been fully understood, variations in the IBP material properties from multiple sources can have un-predicted consequences, and correcting for these changes becomes particularly challenging. Some modern practices involve the replacement of cement in concrete by these industrial by products by 30% to increase the performance of the concrete. 100% replacement of cement is now common to create concrete known as geo-polymers. These concrete made by replacing cement with an industrial byproducts is referred to as green concrete.(Lu, 2013)
Efficiency and performance of Green Concrete Green concrete as a sustainable material has to Cleary prove itself by its performance and effectiveness. Long service life and high performance. Reinforced concrete’s durability ensures that the structure will retain its structural capabilities for many years due to the high performance concrete, e.g. anti-corrosion and anti-cracking concrete. The carbon footprint and large energy consumption from cement industry are minimized when the need to replace or repair the structure is not necessary. (Lu, 2013)Maximized recycling materials usage and minimized environmental impact. Concrete producers can replace significant amounts of cement in their mixtures with industrial by-products such as silica fume and blast-furnace slag. Their use in concrete removes them from landfills and minimizes cement consumption, even producing a more durable concrete. Waste industry products can be recycled and in turn result in reduced waste release in the environment.(Lu, 2013) Minimized transportation cost. Take the advantage of local materials, reinforced concrete components can be made locally anywhere in the world. This turns out to be the key element in reducing emissions due to transportation.
Through the utilization of local materials, the impacts of transportation and energy consumption are minimized. (Lu, 2013) The effectiveness of green concrete as proved by various building agencies, in Tanzania the Tanzania Green Building Council is established with the mission of driving the sustainable development of Tanzania’s built landscape. One of its agendum is to promote the use of green materials in building. These materials are such as green concrete.
To emphasis the green technology applicability to concrete and its ingredients, the ongoing research will overcome the technical barriers to increase the percentage of industrial by products in concrete by providing the industry constructability and durability of green concrete. The global cement manufacturing industry has embraced sustainability and the triple bottom line: economic, social, and environmental. Two major examples of sustainability programs are the Cement Sustainability Initiative, a global effort under the auspices of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (CSI) [2], and the Portland Cement Association’s Cement Manufacturing Sustainability Program [3], which involves facilities in the United States and Canada. (Lu, 2013) In addition to the technical viewpoint, there is a perspective from economic performance. As awareness of environmental sustainability and energy efficiency is turning widespread, there’s also a matter of return on investment. As electricity rates go higher along with prices for natural gas, the costs to heat and cool buildings are expected to increase gradually. Buildings that use innovative, energy-efficient materials help residents contend with escalating utility bills to promote the use of energy-efficient and sustainable materials that lead to less electricity and water usage. In general, the construction industry consumes 40% of the total energy and about one-half of the world’s major resources. Hence, it is imperative to regulate the use of green materials and less energy consumption in construction industry. Sustainable usage of resources plays an important role in the development of sustainable construction. However, unless the means of making these green buildings affordable for the common people are developed, we cannot attain full sustainability.
A truly green building should be energy efficient, incorporate concrete that contains the least amount of portland cement, and use large volumes of supplementary cementitious materials and recycled concrete. To implement the sustainability and innovative infrastructure technology, green building eventually requires the conversion of green concrete technology into construction sites.
Scope of the research The research will involve selecting a sample of building projects in Dar Es Salaam region initiated from year 2015 to present since the launch of the Tanzania green building council. 1.6.2 Questionnaire design Questionnaires will be designed to collect data from Contractors, Consultants and Clients of the selected building projects. The contents of the questionnaire for contractors will contain questions on the following items: Knowledge on sustainable green materials.Willingness to use green concrete.
Performance to cost ratio of the green concrete compared to the traditional concrete.Preference of new sustainable green material such as green concrete to the traditional concrete.Problems encountered when switching to new materials that is green concrete.Problems encountered working with green concrete compared to traditional concrete.Factors hindering or preventing the widespread of the technology in the industry.Availability of the green concrete for use.Average number of building projects done per year and involves the use of green concrete. The questionnaire for Consultants and Clients of the selected building projects will collect information on: Knowledge on the green technology such as green concrete. Design, select or recommend green concrete as the material to be used rather than the traditional concrete. Expected performance and durability of green concrete compared to traditional concrete. Willingness to spread the knowledge on green concrete and normalize the use of this material in building industry. Expected number of future building projects that will involve the use of green concrete (All, Some, None).
Field work, sample size and sampling procedure A sample of 100 Contracting firms, 50 consulting firms and 50 clients will be drawn for the questioner to be administered to. These are all from projects around all the districts in Dar es Salaam. Representation basis and element selection technique will be used as sampling procedures during sampling. Representation basis, the sample that will be used will be probability sampling, which based on the concept of systematic selection. On element selection basis, the sample which will be used will be unrestricted sampling, where an individually sample element will be drawn from the population. Criteria for selection of sample Contracting, Consulting firms and Clients will be based on: Group of the contractors selected should be from class 1 to class 7. All consultants, clients and contractors should be based in Dar es salaam city. The contractors and consultants selected should have completed successfully a high rising building at least 2 stoley and a time around 1 year since the project was completed. All consultants and contractors should be from Tanzania, no international contractor or consultant is considered.
Sample size selected. The sample size drawn from the population will be 200. And will carry the questionnaires formulated above. The formula that will be used to calculate is as follows, and is derived from (http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html). x = Z(c/100)2r(100-r) n = N x/((N-1)E2 + x) Where N is the population size, r is the fraction of responses that you are interested in, Z(c/100) is the critical value for the confidence level c, n is sample size to be calculated and E is margin of error.
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Get custom essayData analysis plan The data collected from the questioner technique is analyzed using computer program. BIOGEME software is utilized; this software will evaluate the factors that will influence the choices. The data used for choice model will include: Availability of green concrete, performance to cost ratio of green concrete compared to traditional concrete, size of the project, class and experience of the firm contractor and consultant. The data is used to create a Multinomial logit (MNL) model for concrete type of choice (either green concrete or traditional concrete). Data collected for assessing the effectiveness of green concrete is analyzed by SPSS computer software program in order to determine the overall performance of green concrete compared to the traditional concrete and conclude by recommending the use of new sustainable green technology. High consultation will be involved with all stakeholders to reach to the conclusion. It will help the building industry in Tanzania, in the adaptation of green concrete which is sustainable building material and will improve green building in the country. Awareness will be raised to all stakeholders in the building industry so as to reach the objective of having a green building industry in Tanzania and also introduce and uplift other green building materials which are sustainable and very beneficial to all stakeholders including our dear planet and future generations.
What comes in your mind when you hear the word ‘chemistry’? Do you visualize the laboratory or does your mind starts picturizing all sorts of symbols and chemical reactions? Many of us feel that chemistry is only about balancing and naming organic compounds but if we just spare some hours of our precious time in understanding the chemistry of things around us, we will soon realize that chemistry is everywhere and in everything. The soaps we use, the bags we carry and all those daily commodities that have today become indispensable for our survival come from chemistry and the most interesting fact is that we, ourselves are also a product of chemistry. Oxygen, phosphorus, calcium are integral life components and after all, water too is a chemical compound.
Get original essayWe have already learnt how to use oxidation numbers to balance chemical equations but now it’s high time that we learn to apply chemistry in our daily lives to help maintain the natural balance before it’s too late. The future of our planet is already at risk and unless we ourselves take pragmatic steps, things are not going to change. Small things can help bring big changes and a “something” from each one of us will be a “great thing” if we work unitedly. We, the 7 billion members of human family have an essential and a herculean task ahead of us, that is to save Mother Nature and luckily in this great mission of ours, we have green chemistry for our aid.
Green chemistry mainly emphasizes on designing products that minimize use of hazardous chemicals and promotes energy saving. The basic principles of green chemistry such as energy efficiency and use of renewable feedstock strongly emphasize on protecting nature and by applying its various concepts we can do a myriad of things to save our environment.
According to the IPCC (2014), vehicles alone accounted for more than14% of the global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.That means that if we can just work out on minimizing the use of fossil fuels in our vehicles which are a major source of carbon dioxide, air pollution can be controlled to a really large extend. In this regard, generating and promoting the use of alternative sources of energy can be the best solution.
The people of Brazil have successfully manufactured fuel from sugarcane and till date the sugarcane ethanol of Brazil is considered as the most successful alternative fuel. It’s not only eco-friendly but also economical and sustainable. They have generated sugarcane ethanol fuel from sugarcane by using techniques such as fermentation, milling, distillation of ethanol and dehydration which are among the methods that we learn in chemistry for separation of mixture. Applying the concept of green chemistry has not only helped them in reducing the pollution levels but in the long run it has even contributed in promoting the rational and sustainable use of resources.
Developing an ecofriendly vehicle that uses hydrogen as a fuel can help a lot in reducing the carbon emissions. Toyota Mirai,which was manufactured in 2015v is amongst the first hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to be sold commercially. It uses hydrogen as its onboard fuel and its power plant is designed such ingenuously that it can covert the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energy. It can be done using various methods but two methods extensively depend upon application of principles green chemistry.
Producing hydrogen from water by electrolysis at working efficiencies in the 50–60% range for the smaller electrolysers and around 65–70% for the larger plants and generating hydrogen by chemical reduction using chemical hydrides or aluminum, both are chemical processes largely based on the application of chemistry and they do little harm to the environment .
Bioplastics which are made from natural materials are much eco-friendly in comparison to polythene bags which are non-degradable and take nearly five hundred years to decompose. Among various types of bioplastics, Polylactide acid (PLA), a type of thermoplastic which looks and behaves like polyethylene and polypropylene emits nearly 70% less greenhouse gases in comparison to traditional plastics when it degrades. The fascinating fact is that the recipe for PLA bioplastics too is designed by keeping in mind the biodegradability which is amongst the major concepts of green chemistry. It is prepared by processing corn kernels to extract dextrose from their starch and then fermenting vats are used to turn the dextrose into lactic acid which are kept in a chemical plant to convert the lactic acid into lactide. Finally, the lactide is polymerized to make long chain molecule of PLA.All these complex chemical processes are based on chemistry’s application and applying this innovative idea can do a lot to mitigate the adverse effects caused due overuse of plastics.
Have you ever visited Kagbeni? If you have there, then you must have seen the blades of wind turbines. They are made of fiberglass reinforced polyester to stand even the harsh weather which too is a material produced in the chemical industry. The solar panels require certain glass which too is chemically silica manufactured in chemical industries. Wind and solar energy both are renewable and non-polluting sources of energy and strongly emphasize upon energy conservation which is an another integral principle of green chemistry.
Organic Light Emitting Diodes, popularly known as OLEDS are really energy efficient and save not only energy but also money and if just go through its working principle we will find that a typical OLED’s composition contains of a layer of organic materials between the cathode and anode deposited on a substrate. More or less the concept of energy efficiency given by green chemistry is involved in it too and in the long run, OLEDS also assist extensively in saving energy.
Petro chemistry is a branch of chemistry mainly related to petroleum and natural gas and deals with their refining and processing. It refers to transferring the petroleum and gas into useful materials. With growing industrialization and modernization, petro chemistry has become a major part of chemistry. Application of the concept of green chemistry in petro chemistry has been helping us immensely in mitigating climate change.
Foam insulation materials which used especially in cold countries to prevent the escape of heat through its external walls is expected to cut the loss of energy by nearly 60% which ultimately helps in saving the electric energy that is used to heat the room. Rigid polyurethane foams which are commonly used in refrigerators have assisted in lower energy consumption reducing nearly 15% of the energy consumed by refrigerators in the past 15 years. The use of certain chemicals has helped in designing advanced and modern chips that has cut the energy consumed by the computers and all thanks to those who applied green chemistry’s concept in petro chemistry, fluorescent bulbs have been invented that significantly reduce the energy consumed in comparison to conventional bulbs. The another great contribution of petro chemistry is the development of Innovative polyamide (nylon) engineering plastics, used instead of metal parts which have helped enhance the fuel efficiency of vehicles ultimately helping in saving fuel energy.
Reducing the production of waste in another essential principle of green chemistry which has been successfully practiced even in our own country Nepal. The agricultural residues have been converted into biogas which is an elementary form of waste management. The biogas has been utilized efficiently for cooking and as a result, the excessive dependency of firewood as a fuel in rural Nepal has gradually decreased. Emissions of smoke and deforestation both have been controlled by this. Moreover, it has helped generate income too.
The multistep anaerobic digestion is an effective chemical process which can be used to generate biogas from biomass. The process involves four major steps : hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis finally biomass is converted into biogas. Large organic polymers are broken into smaller molecules using chemical and by the action of microorganism, helping convert biomass into biogas.Concepts of green chemistry and chemistry’s knowledge has been applied meticulously and ingenuously in this regard which has helped extensively not only in managing water products but has enabled people to generate energy at a relatively lower cost.
It is rightly said that “We have not inherited the earth from our ancestors, we have borrowed it from our children. “Mother Nature has gifted us with everything ranging from clean water to drink to a treasure of natural resources. All we need to do is to use them rationally. We must make sure that environment and development works go hand in hand and truly speaking, green chemistry is one the most innovative and proactive approaches, perhaps the best approach of the twenty-first century that can help us tackle environmental hazards in a viable manner. By application of various concepts and principles of green chemistry, we all can help reduce the adverse effects of climate change and as students of chemistry, it is our utmost obligation to make sincere attempts in trying out something innovative to help save nature.
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Get custom essayLast but not the least, I would like to thank the Chemistry Club of Saint Xavier College for providing all of us a golden opportunity to do a article on “Green Chemistry: How We Can Save Our environment”. It has not only assisted in broadening our knowledge but has also inspired us to be more creative and become environmentally conscious. Thank you.