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College graduate usually studies for a minimum of four years, get their degree, and try to move on with their life until one problem often catches up with them. Their loan nemesis! It is no news that most college students here in the United States, do owe a lot of student loans. So that's why we'll be Looking at how to pay off student loans. If you're a college graduate or student, who is currently owing to a student loan or planning to take one, then this article is specifically for you.

Set ambitious monthly payments that force you to stay within a tight budget. Forcing yourself to commit to larger monthly payments, will enable you to cut down on some of your spendings in other areas of your life, to make those larger payments. For instance, if you owed $38,416 in student loans, set yourself up to pay a minimum of $1200 monthly, which may leave you with an average of $800 as your monthly budget to live off. Even though you might think that $800 wouldn't be enough to cover your monthly necessities such as rent, car payments, food, travel, gas, and so on, trust me, if you put yourself in such a tight condition, you'll find a way to survive off the 800 bucks

Find other sources of income than just your primary job. You can find a job outside of your regular nine-to-five job at Starbucks, if you're working there assuming, to pick up a few freelance gigs like working on film sets, editing short films, doing photography if you have a skill or something you're good at or passionate about. In essence, try out different sources of income and explore opportunities that will bring in more money at the end of the month.

You can make some money just by selling old things. For instance, if you're a musician and do have some extra equipment kicking around the house, that you probably haven't been using that much, you can sell it out to still bring in more money towards paying off your school loan debt.

Overall, if there are ways to reduce your spending, do those things. When you set the goal of wanting to pay off a huge loan fee of $20,000 a year, you should know that you're going to have to make some adjustments and some sacrifices in your day-to-day lifestyle and budget. So, you can give yourself a tight budget for social activities and do your best to keep those at a minimum. If you were living alone, during such time, you might as well consider heading back to live with your parents for that year.

Doing this is not something you'll be overly proud of or enjoy, but it will allow you to take money that you would be spending in excess on rent and food.

So basically, if you're really bent and determined on paying off your student loan, you will have to be ready to sacrifice your things like in selling them, sacrifice the pleasures like in going back to stay with your parents and be willing to go extra miles by having to find two or more sources of income to help boost your resource level. If you can do this for at least a year, while neglecting anything that will cause you to have an urge of impressing the Joneses, then you will be able to pay off your student loan in less than no time.

Table of contents

1. Volunteer Motivations & Satisfaction
2. Volunteer Retention
3. References

Volunteers are an essential part of the workforce of mega and major events, playing a key role in major events from the Olympic Games to local community festivals. Various events heavily rely upon volunteers to execute their operations and as such they are gradually becoming a key factor for the success of events around the globe. Volunteers play a vital role in cutting operational expenditures and are extremely cost-effective. Additionally, they can make a big contribution to visitor satisfaction through their passionate performance, diverse skills and different abilities to connect with visitors.

According to Buric (2004) the key characteristics of volunteering include - activities that are performed willingly without exchange of any monetary profit. However, there are still expenditures for the organizers as they are responsible for providing other services for the benefit of volunteers, e.g. uniforms, travel expenses, etc. The third and final one is mutual advantage that benefits both the organization and the volunteer. Some of the major sports events may not even be possible without the efforts of the group of volunteers. Thus, it is essential that these volunteers carry on to work in the future and this would be carrying forward a legacy of the volunteers. Lynch (2001) defines this as the inheritance of the ongoing communal support. The increase in volunteer support for different events in the society and improved volunteerism in the society in general, in terms of progressive attitudes towards volunteering an increased rate of volunteering and increased level of participation.

There may be a lot of different reasons that may indicate these volunteers to carry on volunteering in the future. It can depend on several factors such as experiences, motivation, satisfaction, etc. One of the main factors that can determine their decision is their experience from the past event. Volunteer management is one key indicator that determines that start of the on how the volunteers are trained, managed and deliver the success of the event. The impact of this event and their experience can decide their choice on the future volunteering activities. For e.g. major sport events maybe a first time opportunity for someone to get involved in volunteering. The experiences they have there can transform into more volunteering for different events or with different organisations that benefit the community.

Many sectors of society have derived benefits from the support of volunteers. The areas of sports and event, in particular rely on volunteers that act as a significant human resource to host a successful event. The Olympic Games is one of the largest example of sport events at a global level that cannot be performed without the efforts of the millions of volunteers. The 2000 Sydney, 2004 Athens Olympic Games relied on over 40,000 volunteers, the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games had 100,000 volunteers involved in competition venues, the Olympic villages and transportation. The 2012 London Olympic Games had more than 70,000 volunteers at the games across a sixteen-day event. Volunteers are often considered to be the representatives of the game and the image of the organisation and the games entirely relies on the volunteers and their involvement at the event.

Volunteering is essentially a give-and-take relationship, where individuals offer their time, skills and energy to help an event and experience various benefits. Major sport event volunteers are probably expected to participate in future volunteering opportunities to the extent that they have experienced positive outcomes as a result of the opportunities in the past. It is important to pay attention to the other main factors of volunteering such as motivation, satisfaction and retention of volunteers. To draw interest in sport event volunteers the event managers should recognize the motivation of sport event volunteers and the relation to satisfaction, commitment and retention of volunteers.

Volunteer Motivations & Satisfaction

The firs section of this essay is volunteer motivations and satisfaction. Volunteers are an important factor in sport events as they provide managers or supervisors with the ability to offer, maintain or expand the quality, quantity and diversity of services provided by their organisations. Motivation is used in psychology to describe a state of pressure that seeks balance through action. With each individual having their own personal identity, attitude and belief they correspondingly have different motivations to participate in an event/activity. In the case of this study, motivations are an important topic for understanding the mind-set of volunteers.

There are several reasons why people choose to volunteer at events and these can be divided into three major categories including: Demographic Antecedents (defined as personal resources and assets that one must have to be able to volunteer; Motivations (these are specific and necessary for the volunteer in order to want to volunteer) and Circumstances (triggers and opportunities which are facilitated and prompt volunteering in practice and are required to volunteer). Motivations for each individual can be different due to their current or past experiences in their personal and professional life. Research conducted by Bang and Chelladurai (2003) at the 2002 FIFA World Cup found several motivational factors which they outlined in their Volunteer Motivation Scale for International Sporting Events. The results of their research disclosed six factors of motivations for volunteering in sport events:

1. Expression of Values (the success of the event and society).
2. Patriotism (pride and love for the country and loyalty to the country).
3. Interpersonal Contacts (meeting and networking with people and forming friendships).
4. Personal Growth (gaining new viewpoints, feeling important and wanted).
5. Career Orientation (gaining experience and career contacts)
6. Extrinsic Rewards (getting free uniform, food, accommodation and access to event locations).

They also noted that due to the environment of the international event the purpose for volunteering in the event related to the specific event itself rather than the simple reason of assisting others. The results of their analysis strengthen the motivational pattern of volunteers at large scale sporting events. However, Bang and Chelladurai’s (2003) study did not observe all the motives that could encourage a person to volunteer. So to cover other motivational aspects Bang and Ross (2009) conducted further research on what motivates people to volunteer in sport events. This study concentrated on the volunteers and their love for sports and revealed that this factor was a strong motivational factor amongst event volunteers. The findings of their study also supported the thought that volunteer’s motivation for sporting events will be similar not considering whether they are large scale or small scale.

Other than the motivational factors for volunteers to participate in an event another important element for them is to maintain their motivation throughout the event in order to deliver it successfully. Organisers should be able to identify the different motivations of each volunteer and match them to the roles they are given at the event. This process will not only help the volunteer but also the organisation as they can deploy skills and expertise in specific areas and volunteers will be able to deliver a better performance when assigned a task. Volunteers tend to improve their performance when given specific tasks as this helps to make them feel personally useful.

In order to effectively sustain motivation to volunteer at an event there must be a relationship with satisfaction. There is a study conducted by Farrell et al. (1998) that proposes that there is a correlation among volunteer, volunteer motivation, satisfaction and actual experience. Volunteers will be motivated and will remain volunteering as long as they are satisfied with their experiences and gain some level of reward. Volunteering offers individuals with opportunities to express their views, gain knowledge about new areas/things and improve their self-confidence and value. The satisfaction of volunteers can vary in different contexts. Silverberg et. al (2001) in their study of parks and recreation volunteers found that satisfaction is a f psychological function and having a job that is met by participating as volunteers. Another group of researchers studied the volunteers at the Sunbelt Indy Carnival that is held annually in Gold Coast, Australia. Their research was to identify the reasons of volunteer satisfaction, and their study found that beyond the actual event, training the volunteers was a key role in their satisfaction as it gave them an opportunity to share their views and experiences. This added a sense of community at the event and positively lead to impact their level of satisfaction. To have a more consistent and reliable instrument to measure volunteer satisfaction Galindo et. al. (2001) designed Volunteer Satisfaction Index (VSI). Their method comprised of about forty items and was consisted of about five different factors of volunteer satisfaction:

1. Communication Quality (the ability to communicate effectively).
2. Organisational Support (the organisations value the contribution of the employees).
3. Participation Efficiency (ability to be effective in participation).
4. Work Assignment (a specific tasks assigned).
5. Group Integration (an organisation of individuals with different ethnic groups).

The findings also produced positive outcomes in concerns to supporting the reliability and validity of the VSI. Their method focused on the individual benefits gained from volunteering. The method has been tested with people who have different cultures. One of them was Chinese nationality. The research conducted by Wong et. al (2010) noted that the volunteers highlighted interpersonal relationships (relations with the organisations and co-workers). This study further highlighted that satisfaction can be differently achieved from different sources across the globe and it may vary with the different cultures of the world. These different factors have been assessed independently into the sports sector but have not been incorporated altogether. This has further helped to asses the different sources of satisfaction in certain areas and improve. Understanding not only volunteer satisfaction but also future intention is critical because of the nature of volunteerism. This includes both volunteers with previous experience and first time volunteers. If volunteers do not have a satisfying experience, it is likely that they would leave one organisation to perhaps volunteer at another. This is critical because of the heavy reliance of volunteers for sport events. In order to effectively recruit, retain and maintain volunteer it is crucial for organisations to understand the different factors that drive people to volunteer.

Volunteer Retention

Over the past few years, the rise in competition, globalization and the endless change in marketplaces and technology has provided motivation for reconsidering the different management styles of organizations. Volunteer retention is an essential task for many organizations. However, the tasks assigned to the volunteers can be under severe strain if the volunteers are not productive. Since the volunteers do not rely on the organizations for any monetary payments, their commitment or motivation to their work must come in different ways. Sozanska et. al. (2004) reason that if the organizations want the volunteers to be productive they need to be managed efficiently and professionally. According to Boezeman and Ellemers (2008) a volunteers’ commitment to the organization would eventually be perceived on the significance of volunteer work and support of the organization. According to their reason, the significance of the job boosted the volunteer’s pride in the company, whereas structural support increased the respect volunteers’ have for the organization. A similar finding was reported by Cuskelly et. al (2006) in their study of rugby clubs in Australia, that the associations that used better planning exercises and provided appropriate training and support were less likely to have any retention problems. These studies imply that the organizations can increase their volunteers’ commitment by communicating the importance of the organization work and the contributions of the volunteer’s work to that.

Different research journals show that volunteering bodies suffer due to the increase in dropout of volunteers and their turnover. There seem to be other factors that contribute to the problem of volunteer retention which include volunteer motivation, satisfaction, organizational practices (such as preparation, recruiting people, selection, orientation, training, etc., globalization, the rapid increase in technical evolution. However, these different studies are not even in recognizing which factor has a high influence on the other. There are several examples that can explain this in detail. For example, in the case of Hager and Brudney, (2004) a survey was conducted where they presented nine management practices to their respondents who involved volunteers’ in their functions. The survey included some practices and the results of the survey indicated the different percentages of the different practices used.

Their findings suggested that only one of the practice regular supervision and communication with volunteers was mostly adapted to a large extent. The results also indicated that not all practices should be adopted but some such as selection of volunteers and assigning them with appropriate tasks can be important. In the other case where Cuskelly et. al. (2006) indicated that except for preparation and orientation other aspects of management that are mentioned above did not have a substantial correlation with retention of volunteers. These different studies indicate the different researches carried out in the area of volunteer retention. However, none of the different studies come to a similar conclusion. These different studies indicate the need for developing a method that can help address the cause of volunteer retention in different organizations and on volunteers.

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With the basic momentum to handle everybody equally and impartially, volunteer managers frequently fail to identify that individual dissimilarities play a significant role in response that volunteers have and their desire to continue volunteering. Wymer (2003) suggests, managers must not view the volunteers as monolithic groups, but they have to focus on the individuals by investing time trying to understand who they are and their specific motivations.

References

1. Alison Doherty (2009) The volunteer legacy of a major sport event, Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 1:3, 185-207.
2. Cuskelly, G., Hoye, R. and Auld, C. (2006). Working with Volunteers in Sport: Theory and Practice. London: Routledge.
3. Eunjung Kim (2018) A systematic review of motivation of sport event volunteers, World Leisure Journal, 60:4, 306-329
4. Gladden, J.M., McDonald, M.A., & Barr, C.A. (2005). Event management. In L.P. Masteralexis, C.A. Barr, & M.A. Hums (Eds.), Principles and practice of sport management (2nd ed., pp. 272–294). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett
5. Koutrou, N.; Pappous, A.S.; Johnson, A. Post-Event Volunteering Legacy: Did the London 2012 Games Induce a Sustainable Volunteer Engagement? Sustainability 2016, 8, 1221.
6. Lockstone et. al. (2009 b). Event Volunteering: International Perspective on Event Volunteering Experiences. Routledge.
7. Lynch, B. (2001). Volunteers 2000: The Sydney experience. Sydney: SOCOG
8. Ralston, R., Lumsdon, L, and Downward, P. (2005). ‘The third force in events tourism: volunteers at the XVII Commonwealth Games’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 13(5), 504-19.
9. Smith, K.A., Lock stone - Binney, L., Holmes, K and Baum, T. (2014). Event Volunteering: International Perspective on the Event Volunteering Experience. Oxford. Routledge.
10. Strigas, A. and Jackson, N. (2003). ‘Motivating Volunteers to serve and succeed: Design and results of a pilot study that explores demographics and motivational factors in sport Volunteerism’. International Sports Journal, 111-21.
11. Yan, Z., & Chen, L. (2008). Smiling volunteers win another Olympic gold for Beijing. China view.

Success is something many people strive for while becoming the person they want to be. Success is not just an equation that can be put into a calculator. To get to what an individual calls “success” there are many complex paths to get to the destination. But what exactly is the definition of success? Malcolm Galdwell, the author of Outliers: The Story of Success, never actually defines his own version of success. After taking time to analyse the book, I came to see what Gladwell’s version of success really is. From what I gathered, Gladwell’s definition is that success is a combination of opportunity and cultural legacy that leads to wealth or power. Gladwell thinks success is anything but simple. Outliers only tell the stories of people and companies who came into money, power, or built an empire. Many of the people used as examples in Outliers, such as The Beatles and Steve Jobs, would be considered great men by most of the world. What about the typical Joe? How does he define success? Not all people want money and power. Some just strive for a family and a place to live. So what is the difference between a great man, such as Steve Jobs, and a good man like all of us? Their legacy is what sets them apart. So the real question I hope to solve in this essay is, is it better to be a good man or a great man?

Malcolm speaks constantly about the opportunities that many of the men in his book got that led them to change the world. A good example of this is the 10,000 hour rule, which states that one must practice for 10,000 hours to master that specific task. One way to understand the 10,000 hour rule is that success is not necessarily about talent but about hard work. An illustration to support Gladwell’s claim is “... couldn't find any ‘naturals,’ musicians who floated effortlessly to the top while practicing a fraction of the time their peers did” (Gladwell 39). The thing that makes great men great is the opportunity to put in those 10,000 hours. Without 10,000 hours of practice we would not have some of today's popular musicians such as The Beatles, and even Billie Eilish. The way great men got the opportunity to put in their hours was normally stumbled upon. It was a matter of coincidence and timing. The practice time is what makes them “great”, but without it many of the people we know as successful would not even be known at all.

Gladwell speaks about how people don’t take opportunities that come their way. Did he ever consider that maybe they are not practicing the things that can be tracked by hours. A good man impacts the people around them. They practice loving and helping others their entire life because they chose to take that opportunity. While someone who is defined as successful may be helping the general world they are not truly felt by the ones around them. A good scenario is Bill Gates. Bill Gates has 3 kids but is also known for being very devoted to his work. His entire world revolves around his work. They may not be the main focus of his life. He loves his kids very much but he is not always there for them because of his busy work schedule. That consequently leads to him overlooking his kids and family much more than a good man would. He never had a choice between greatness or just being good. Great men are loved by many people which forces them to please everyone. Good men have a silent legacy which is why they make more of an impact on the people around them. Good men are focused on what they want to be because they aren't doing what everyone wants them to do. They practice loving the ones around them every chance they can. They do not stumble upon the opportunity. They get to choose if they want to take it or not.

Now we must answer the question about if being a good or a great man is better. A great man is a creator, genius, and a hard worker. At the same time, a good man can show all of these characteristics but never get the opportunities that a great man has gotten. I feel as though good men get an even better gift. What is bestowed upon a good man is something that many people never get. The gift of being so selfless that they are willing to give up the opportunities in front of them for the people they love. A good man sees the value in family and where they come from. Bill Gates may carry on his cultural legacy but, as I said before, great men are inventors and creators. While Gates may not be able to change his legacy, he will add to it. A good man understands where he comes from and embraces his cultural identity. The importance of family is why they are so selfless. Do our dreams of becoming pop stars when we were little still persuade us or does the reward or reciprocating love seem like a better prize?

Gladwell is defining success as a complicated road to becoming rich and famous. I feel that if one takes the simple path towards being a good man and completes the task, they have become one of the most successful people in the world. A good man is forgotten over a few generations. A great man is glorified and his stories and legends live long into the future. The legacy of a great man is spoken of. The legacy of a good man is felt for even longer than the stories of the great man are told. A great man transforms the world around them, but a good man impacts the lives of people creating a quiet legacy. A great man conquers and a good man cultivates. A great man changes and a good man invests. I hope to be a good man one day like so many before me. I have felt the touch of a good man and I know that it is the meaning of true success. 

Table of contents

1. Introduction
2. Promising Practices for Undocumented Student Support
3. Conclusion

Introduction

Immigrant domestic life has its own particularities beyond cultural and language differences. It is not uncommon that immigrant families live together with extended family members, all contributing to surviving harsh living conditions. Many times, families are comprised of mixed legal statuses; some members are undocumented while others are legal residents through marriage, have temporary working visas, are DACA-eligible young adults, or are U.S.-born citizens. Each individual has his or her own legal restraints and privileges, and therefore has unique familial obligations.

Given the constant political, legal, social, and psychological challenges, only a small percentage of undocumented students actually pursue and successfully complete U.S. post-secondary education. Those who do make it to college have overcome great odds, have built above-average resiliency, and pursue education with the dream to better their circumstance.

Promising Practices for Undocumented Student Support

The solution to creating an undocu-friendly college is never just providing access and affordability, but rather, re-imagining and rebuilding a campus culture that acknowledges, accepts, and integrates students from diverse backgrounds. This may require some shifting of campus structures and policies to be truly inclusive, all the while aligning with institutional values and mission. Critical race theory (CRT) can inform culturally responsive and strength-based support for undocumented students by addressing structural racism and bringing attention to students’ various forms of accumulated cultural wealth and life experience.

Tara J. Yosso explains that CRT “shifts the research lens away from a deficit view of Communities of Color as places full of cultural poverty disadvantages, and instead focuses on and learns from the array of cultural knowledge, skills, abilities, and contacts possessed by socially marginalized groups that often go unrecognized and unacknowledged”.

College-bound undocumented students tend to be very motivated, hard workers who honor their families’ sacrifice and hardship, and carry a great weight of responsibility to sustain their family. They are brave groundbreakers, paving their way through forces that counteract their goals. Many are activists who know that their personal fight serves a larger purpose of collective struggle toward social and racial justice.

In consideration of Yosso’s Model of Community Cultural Wealth as a framework, a culturally responsive advisor can help students translate their unique skills and assets to the new college environment, empowering students to navigate with their own capital. An advisor who demonstrates sensitivity to cultural and developmental backgrounds, and who dedicates time to building trust and integrity with these students, can be a life-changing resource and help increase their progress toward graduation and a career.

Create a Welcoming Campus Environment

College campuses can begin to create an undocu-friendly reputation by openly acknowledging and welcoming undocumented students as valued members of the community. It is the responsibility of the institution to generate policies and practices that integrate underrepresented students, allow for their self-representation (rather than a forced identity), and cultivate a greater sense of belonging.

Diversity education and training for all faculty, staff, and students is vital to fostering a spirit of inclusion of all people, regardless of color, gender, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability, social or economic class, nationality, and immigrant status. There’s a growing number of U.S. colleges and universities with exemplary undocumented student programs and online resources that promote inclusion and belonging, such as UC Berkeley’s Undocumented Student Program, the University of Texas Austin’s Longhorn DREAMers’ Project, Loyola University Chicago’s Undocumented Student Resources, and Harvard College’s student-led organization, Act on a Dream.

Create a Support System

It is beneficial to establish a cross-campus network of institutional agents to create specialized support for undocumented students. These campus specialists can act as advocates and allies by listening and becoming familiar with students’ needs and goals and provide one-on-one contact at critical points in their academic journey. Specialists also serve as a voice for this marginalized group and have the power to recommend administrative and policy changes that would improve the quality and success of undocumented student education.

In cases where colleges do not know who and how many undocumented students attend, administrative and ally contact information should be displayed in high-traffic campus spaces. Specialists can collect student success data and anecdotal student stories to demonstrate how investing in these students matters and to enhance leadership buy-in.

Foster Safe Spaces to Enhance Support

Colleges can create safe spaces in dorms, student centers, study halls, special events, and even virtual spaces where students, peers, and allies can feel comfortable, build a positive sense of self within a larger community, cope with bias, and work together to improve school climate. It is helpful to identify empathetic faculty and staff members who want to be actively involved in supporting these individuals. Organized safe spaces, ally networks, and faculty and peer mentorship programs contribute to a welcoming campus environment.

Ensure Confidentiality

An undocu-friendly campus can provide accurate, up-to-date knowledge on legal and institutional policies and opportunities while keeping students’ background and legal status confidential and within FERPA regulations. Incoming students should be informed about the institutional agents in their network of support and should always be asked for permission before sharing any information. University administrators can devise crisis planning, including releasing students from financial obligations in the chance that a student or family member is detained or deported. Also consider campus safety protocols and staff training for emergent situations, such as federal enforcement agents coming to campus.

Provide Outreach and Resources

Undocu-friendly recruitment efforts can include welcoming messages to attract the undocumented student population and encouraging students to participate in pre-college programs, campus visits, merit-based scholar programs, and other opportunities. It is important to provide clear information on scholarships that are open to all students, regardless of immigration status. Once the student is admitted, early outreach and support tailored to the student and family can drastically decrease the stress of this transition. A handbook listing of on and off-campus resources may be convenient. For example, UC Berkeley’s Undocumented Student Program uses a green, yellow, and red light coding system to identify the level of accessibility and support of institutional resources and procedures for undocumented students.

Access to legal support is critical for undocumented students and their families. A widespread consensus in immigration law networks recommend that undocumented individuals, including DACA recipients, should undergo a legal screening to understand individual legal options, potential status changes, or other forms of immigration relief. If institutions cannot directly provide legal services, they can guide students to trustworthy, off-campus resources. They can also inform students of special financial assistance programs — such as Lending Circles for DREAMers and Self-Help Loan for DREAMers — that provide small loans or scholarships to cover immigration procedure fees.

To stay informed of constantly shifting policies, advocacy campaigns, networking opportunities, scholarships, and other financial aid resources, advisors and students can consult nationally recognized organization websites such as Educators for Fair Consideration and United We Dream. Advisors can also help students protect themselves and know their rights if approached by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents by providing information such as United We Dream’s deportation Defense Card.

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Conclusion

In conclusion, as seen from the essay, the enactment of DACA in U.S. society has had an overall positive effect on our society as a whole. The inclusion of DACA recipients ultimately leads to economy development and community enrichment. As such, better education supports and assistance should be instituted in order to give DACA recipients a fair shot at life in the U.S. By implementing supports such as fostering welcoming environments, making resources and outreach easily accessible, DACA recipients can feel safe enough to contribute everything they have to offer. That benefits everyone.

Table of contents

1. Introduction
2. Body
3. Conclusion

According to the New York Times writer Robin Pogrebin and Scott Reyburn, in 2017 Basquiat 1982 painting “untitled” auctioned off for a record breaking $110. 5 million dollars. It set several records when auctioned off, by becoming the highest amount ever paid for an American/African-American artist produced artwork. It also was the first artwork created since the 1980’s to make over $100 million.

Introduction

Most of us have probably seen or heard about Basquiat’s work in some shape or form in pop culture. Whether it be collaborations with clothing brands such as the Japanese brand Uniqlo or being rapped about by such artist as Jay-z, Kanye West and A$AP Rocky. Today I will be talking the early life and beginning of Basquiat’s artistic journey, his rise to fame and sadly his early demise.

Body

Jean-Michel Basquiat born in Brooklyn, New York on December 22, 1960. He was the second oldest child and was of Haitian and Puerto Rican descent. According to writer for anothermag. com Alex Taylor, Basquiat would at the early age of four start drawing his favorite cartoons on papers that his dad would bring from work. At age six, Basquiat was hit by a car which led to him getting his spleen removed. While recovering from the operation, he was gifted the medical textbook “Gray’s Anatomy” which was very influential for him. His mother instilled a love for art in him by taking him to art museums in Manhattan and made him a junior member of the Brooklyn Museum of Art. At the age of seventeen, Basquiat dropped out of high school therefor getting kicked out his household by his father, which forced him to stay with his friends in Brooklyn and get by, by selling T-shirts and homemade postcards.

Basquiat went from being unemployed and homeless to selling a painting for $25,000 in a matter of several years. In 1976 Basquiat and his high school friend Al Diaz began painting graffiti in Lower Manhattan, using the name SAMO. On December 11, 1978, The Village Voice published an article about the graffiti which shot SAMO in the spotlight. Making SAMO a reclusive and mysterious figure until the Canal Zone Party in July 1980 which was a party/ live art exhibition in which Basquiat did a live graffiti tag exposing he was SAMO which rose his fame. Basquiat was included in the New York/New Wave show at PS1, a nonprofit art space in Long Island City. He was the only artist to be given a large amount of space for his paintings. According to writer Stephen Metcalf for the magazine TheAtlantic. com his paintings touched famous art dealer Annina Nosei and was quoted as saying “had a quality you don’t find on the walls of the street, a quality of poetry and a universal message of the sign. It was a bit immature, but very beautiful. ”Her connection with Basquiat work was instant and serious, she was ready to represent him but since Basquiat was broke, he had no inventory to show her which led to him working on canvases for Nosei in her Prince Street gallery basement. Here he began to lock in and mature his work, he began to introduce race into his work more. He worked by jumping on one canvas to another, almost lie dancing. One of Nosei’s assistants said it was like “Ali in his prime. ”

By 1985, Basquiat had collaborated with his pop art idol Andy Warhol, he embraced Warhol at a time where no one was buying Warhol art and wasn’t very popular. The collaboration received countless negative reviews and many said Warhol used Basquiat to try to regain sales and popularity. With this and the fact that the paintings did not sell as much, Basquiat felt as either he let Warhol down or if he really felt that Warhol was taking advantage of him. “He left New York hurt and depressed, He never returned to Warhol to paint or anything” as Bruno Bischofberger, a famous art dealer recalls in the website Sleek-Mag. com written by Harriet Shepherd. On February 22, 1987 following a gallbladder surgery Andy Warhol died. The tragedy affected Basquiat mental and physical health a lot. He felt as if him and Warhol never got a chance to repair the falling out they had. Andy Warhol and Basquiat were truly best friends. With this and the fact that Basquiat felt he was thrusted into fame and he turned into a machine to produce more and more masterpieces, he began to use drugs to try to cope with it. It became the center of his life and although he tried to go clean on a trip to Hawaii, he died from an Overdose of heroin when he came back to his art studio in Manhattan on August 12, 1988. He was only 27 years old.

Conclusion

In Conclusion, Jean-Michel Basquiat was a ground breaking African-American artist. He gave young people and especially those of color that belief that they could be important artist. That they can be whatever they want as long as they believe. He not only changed the art world but street art and fashion.

In this essay I’d like to talk about failure in life and how it impacts people. 

Failing can be unpleasant. Failing can be embarrassing. Failing can be one of the greatest ways to learn from our mistakes. Most people don’t reach their dreams, not because of failure, but because they give up. Those who succeed, say “this is my goal, and I am going to do whatever I can to achieve it”.

We experience defeat daily. Every person in this room has failed at some point in their life. You’ve failed … I've failed too. Some people give up after failing on the first try. Some people fear failure so much, they never even try. And some fail over and over and over again until they get it right.

I’m sure you failed the first time you tried to ride a bike. I did. Some of us may have even fallen off. Did you become scared of the pain or the embarrassment? Or did you keep on trying until you got it right?

It took me years to learn to ride because I was scared of falling or never being able to. It was only when my dad told me: if you don’t try, you can't succeed, that I got back on that bike and didn’t give up until I eventually learned.

Failure can be discouraging, but it can also benefit you in the future. It means you have a story to tell, you learn from it, and you develop mental strength.

Eminem, one of the most successful rappers of the 21st century. The first time he went on stage, he got stage fright and he couldn't speak. He was mocked, jeered and booed off the stage. He never gave up, despite the fear and embarrassment. His father abandoned him, he was abused by his mother and grew up in a trailer park, but his passion for music was so strong that he channeled all his emotions into it, and became not only the highest selling rapper, but also the best-selling musician of this century.

Despite the defeat he experienced throughout his life, he did not give up. He learned from his mistakes and his failure and used it as his motivation. In one of his songs, he says “Success is my only … option, failure’s not.” He tells his story through his music and encourages his audience not to give up trying when something doesn’t go right the first time.

Another great example: J.K. Rowling. Most people think of Harry Potter when they think of J.K. Rowling, but they don’t think about how she got to where she is now.

Whilst she was writing the first Harry Potter book, she struggled financially as a single mother and battled depression. During this time, she said that she was “the biggest failure [she] knew.” Her completed manuscript of the first Harry Potter book was turned down by a number of publishers before she got a book deal.

Her series of seven books has since sold more than 450 million copies, won countless awards, been made into movies, and it has transformed her life.

Many of us regard failure as a bad thing, but if you want to succeed in life, you have to be prepared to fail a few times until you reach the end goal. Almost every successful person you meet will say that their failures are what led them to success. 

Table of contents

1. Gun Control Debate
2. The Gun Control Effects on Crime and Murder
3. Conclusion
4. Works Cited

Homicide has been categorized among the leading non-medical causes of death in the United States. Each day, an average of thirteen kids ranging from the age of ten to nineteen years gets killed by gunfire, while the highest percentage of such children get injured in the crossfire. For instance, in the African-American communities, it is a common occurrence for young men to die due to murder, specifically with the use of guns. The situation has thus forced most people in the United States into believing that the only way of reducing or even eliminating the increasing crime rate of all states is through establishing multiple gun control policies. Through the use of data analysis and common observation, several individuals have refuted this claim, in which they believe that guns have nothing to do with the increase in the crime rate. However, supporters of gun control measures urge the government to eliminate gun producers, sellers, and also owners to the extent that no American citizens can carry or even hold guns.

On the other hand, the National Rifle Association (NRA), which is the non-gun control community, counterattacks the stance following its reinforcement by the Second Amendment. It holds that every citizen has the right to “bear arms. “Although guns are the most used firearms to commit crimes, gun control laws will have less or no effect on the crime rate issue. In part due to media violence, social outburst, and poor general knowledge, gun circulation has become rampant, hence eliminating them all remains to be a big problem.

Gun Control Debate

The issue of gun control traces back to the establishment of the National Rifle Association. The subject is reinforced by the politicians, thus receiving a lot of attention not only from Americans but also from the rest world. At first, the primary objectives of the NRA were to induce training to Union soldiers via marksmanship design and at the same time, cause competent rifle techniques. Now, the group has heavily lobbied against gun control and has put up their case that more guns make the country safer. Subsequently, there are multiple gun control laws as well as regulations that the NRA keeps on battling. Meanwhile, the supporters of gun rights, as well as gun control, confronted each other, with each having evidence to support its claims. The Democratic government took the first line in support of the policies while the Republicans called for the government to respect the gun rights. In such case, both the Democrats and the Republicans would struggle to conform within the government. The primary objective of the pro-gun support is to lessen the already established laws and at the same time, repeal the attempts of installing the new ones.

The Gun Control Effects on Crime and Murder

The major issue that weakens gun control is that of its impact on crime as well as murder. Both those who are against gun control and its supporters have valid points, but, only the government can discern and respond with immediate effect. Due to the disparities that exist between the Republicans and the Democrats following the issue of gun control, the party that wins remains on the favor of its claimant. If the Democrats take control, there is potential that they would establish multiple gun control policies. Just as well, if the Republicans were to gain control of the country, they may uphold the Second Amendment on the issue of gun rights and also cancel all the already established gun control regulations.

The debate over gun control has always reached a stalemate position; individuals who support gun rights and are opposing the laws regulating guns believe that gun control measures do not decrease crimes but rather they make them rise at an uncontrollable rate. Meanwhile, considering the relationship between gun control and the increase of crimes, people’s claims as well as arguments cannot determine if either of the side deserves the support. However, through evaluating the available past statistics, it is possible to understand which side of the argument fits society better. “Therefore, to measure and examine the quantifiable consequences of gun control on murder and crime, two challenges are bound to come up”.

First of all, gun control, in an overall term, is regarding the specific regulations and laws enforced by the legislature limiting firearms and safety measures such as trigger locks or security components applied to guns and firearms. It is essential to realize how the interaction of how the multiple governing bodies; federal, local and state, as well as the laws, affect both murder and crime by a single and entire relationship of each enforcement and provision. Besides, laws vary not only from the federal level to the state level, but also from one state to another. Multiple rules do not necessarily give the consent for a similar reproduction empirical data across the board. Secondly, irrespective of laws offensiveness varying levels of the legislative enforce them differently. There must be a consideration of the fallacy of human aspect of law enforcement while considering the intentions of the law. Some laws will be precisely written, but enforced with less or no strictness.

The factors mentioned above have made the attempts of measuring as well as examining crime and murder, and the impact gun control imposes hard to calculate. Meanwhile, the available statistics can reveal a connection between crime and gun control, but that depends on the side of the argument that presents the data. The concentration and the focus of the particular data play a significant role to prove that gun control does not impact murder and crime or gun control reduces murder and crime. The consequences that gun control poses on crime and murder connects with only offenses that are violent in nature. In such case, there is an assumption that firearms, especially handguns, will be the most efficient weapons to commit such a crime.

Besides, over fifty percent of crimes committed have employed a firearm (Saltzman., et al. 3045). Since the government imposed strict regulations as well as restrictions on the possession, carrying and purchase of handguns, the number of crimes related to firearms was said to reduce steadily by an average of ten percent each year. Such statistics have motivated most people to think that gun control can reduce the rate of offending. Besides, it is persuasive factual evidence. However, in the year 1999, Levitt reports that nearly 6.3 million violent crimes were committed. Such crimes include robbery, rape, as well as sexual assault.

Out of all the crimes, only eight percent of the crimes, totaling to 500,000 crimes involved the application of a firearm. The statistics clearly show that gun control does not directly correlate with the reduction of crimes. Regardless, with or without guns, the crime rate would still be high. Knowing this, it makes it unfair to implement gun control policies since they undermine individuals who legally own and use guns. Furthermore, Washington D.C. is an example, which shows gun control laws cannot curb the increasing number of crimes in the United States. In the year 1976, the city adopted to what many people recognized as the most restrictive gun control laws in the entire nation. Once the new policies, which undermine gun use, were established, D.C. experienced the crime increase rate of 134 percent. When gun control laws are put into place, guns become more in demand, which makes it easier for someone to illegally purchase a firearm via a black market esque venue.

The institution of concealed carry laws is also an essential facet that needs lots of attention. According to legislation, people owning legal weapons can carry them in a concealed fashion, but gun control supporters think the only ones who deserve that honor are the military personnel or law enforcers. Nevertheless, all the states that have taken the initiative of implementing these laws have recorded crime rate reduction by 8.5 percent. Assault was reduced by seven percent, while rape and robbery were reduced by five percent and three percent respectively. An example of a state that recorded the highest drop in percentage after implementing the law is Texas. Its crime rates decreased by fifty percent compared to the rest of the country. It is clear that people have not received the statistics; hence they rely on media outlets, which choose the aspect they need to present on the basis of personal interests.

Meanwhile, there are no official reasons to support the increasing number of crimes, with the exclusion of gun issues. Other than gun control, issues of violent TV shows and movies, unemployment, aggressive music and violent lyrics written by artists have been related to criminal activities. Children and teens get exposed to the environment of firearms, and after absorbing the violent behaviors from the media, many people think it could lead to problems. Gun control supporters will use such claims to support their arguments. The fact that children get hold of guns that they use to commit crimes does not justify the reason as to why a legitimate user, as well as owner of a handgun, deserves to surrender his or her weapon. Various other measures curb the issue of crimes that involves guns, but proponents of gun control policies have not enacted gun control legislation to their true desire. With that said, the accessibility and use of weapons for minors should be regulated by parents or other forms of authority.

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Conclusion

From this essay It is clear that gun control policies will have no impact on the crime rate issue in the United States. First of all, eliminating all guns from society is a costly as well as a deadly approach. However, prior to making every decision, the government needs to consider the history of guns in the nation through examining the recorded statistics. It is understood that most states will remain safe if gun control policies never exist. The state of New York registered the lowest numbers of crime prior to the establishment of the gun control measures. Concentrating on guns as the primary cause of crime in the country has made authorities relax and fail to consider other possible motivators of crimes. For instance, the violent media may motivate criminal activities to an individual. It also does not guarantee that a such people will always use a gun to commit a crime. Therefore, there is the need to examine all the statistics of guns with relation to crimes before making any form of a decision.

Works Cited

1. Saltzman, L. E., Mercy, J. A., O'Carroll, P. W., Rosenberg, M. L., & Rhodes, P. H. (1992). Weapon involvement and injury outcomes in family and intimate assaults. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267(22), 3043-3047.
2. Levitt, S. D. (1999). The relationship between gun prevalence and suicide: A comparison of all 50 states. Journal of Law and Economics, 42(S1), 133-155.
3. Krouse, W. J. (2009). Gun control legislation. Congressional Research Service.
4. Lott, J. R., & Mustard, D. B. (1997). Crime, deterrence, and right-to-carry concealed handguns. Journal of Legal Studies, 26(1), 1-68.
5. Koper, C. S., & Mayo-Wilson, E. (2006). Police crackdowns on illegal gun carrying: A systematic review of their impact on gun crime. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 2(2), 227-261.
6. Kleck, G., & Patterson, E. B. (1993). The impact of gun control and gun ownership levels on violence rates. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 9(3), 249-288.
7. Webster, D. W., Vernick, J. S., & Hepburn, L. M. (2001). Effects of Maryland's law banning Saturday night special handguns on crime guns. Injury Prevention, 7(3), 207-212.
8. Pew Research Center. (2017). America's complex relationship with guns: An in-depth look at the attitudes and experiences of U.S. adults. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2017/06/22/americas-complex-relationship-with-guns/
9. Cook, P. J., & Ludwig, J. (2000). Guns in America: National survey on private ownership and use of firearms. National Institute of Justice Research in Brief.
10. Sorenson, S. B., & Wiebe, D. J. (2004). Weapons in the lives of battered women. American Journal of Public Health, 94(8), 1412-1417.

Table of contents

1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
Federal Gun Control LawsCan Gun Control Laws Be Effective

Introduction

Gun control has been a topic of debate for almost a century due to the increase in gun violence. There has been an outcry from the public to political officials to place limitations on citizens’ rights to own guns. These limitations force anybody who legally tries to purchase a firearm to get a background check. In some states there is a waiting period that makes people wait a certain amount days before they can receive their guns. Background checks restrict people who have a history of mental illness or who have a criminal record from purchasing a firearm. The response to this issue has been both positive and negative. In recent years the public has been in favor of more gun laws because of the multiple mass shootings that have occurred in the past 7 years. The shootings that killed multiple school children really touched the hearts of many Americans.

People who are in favor of gun laws believe that placing restrictions on citizens gun rights or banning guns all together will make America a safer place to live. However, people who are opposed to this issue believe the more guns the better. The argument of self-defense is the oppositions leading argument against gun control. They even believe that teachers and students should be armed in schools.

The National Firearms Act of 1934 was the first gun control law that was passed in the United States. The NFA was created because of the increase in mafia crimes in the early 20th century. It was later revised after the assassinations of John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968. In 1993 the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act made states wait 5 days before handing over a firearm to an individual who doesn’t have a gun license.

There have been hundreds of federal and state laws that have been created to reduce gun violence but are these laws making an impact on gun violence. My essay is going to determine if gun control laws are effective or not. Most gun laws that have been passed recently were created in response to mass shootings, but I will provide persuasive arguments to look at how gun control affects all types of gun-related homicides.

Literature Review

According to research, gun control laws can be effective if the offender doesn’t have a single intent to kill. A single intent to kill is when the offender’s primary motive is to kill their victim. Frank Z states if the offender has a single intent to kill the offender will find an alternative weapon to kill their victims. Zimring found that 82% of all homicides committed in Chicago were situational killings which means the motive for these homicides were caused by altercations over things like money or drugs. In his study, Zimring compared the amount of fatal and nonfatal attacks that were carried out by guns to nonfatal and fatal attacks that were carried out by knifes. He found that 2.3 times as many serious knife attacks were reported to police than gun attacks. Although there were more knife attacks recorded, more people died from gunshot wounds. Zimring concluded that if firearms were taken away the homicide rate would drop drastically.

However, even after the removal of firearms people would find alternative weapons to use to commit their crimes such as knifes or their hands and feet. Most of the substitute weapons used in place of guns won’t produce nearly as many homicides as guns do. Naturally like Zimring stated the homicide rate will decrease.

Federal Gun Control Laws

According to research, The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act was created in 1993 , required anybody who purchased a handgun to get a background check and be placed on a waiting list before they received their handgun. Jefferey Monroe states that the Brady Act has a chance to affective because it will deter felons and others who are presumed to be dangerous from purchasing a firearm. However, most criminals obtain their guns illegally from friends, relatives, or dealers. The states that were used in Monroe’s study added the Brady Act in 1994 or they had pre-existing Brady-like standards before the Act was passed in 1994. Jefferey Monroe’s research suggests the states that implemented the Brady Act adult homicide rate decreased while the juvenile homicide rate increased. The overall homicide rate decreased more in Brady states than Pre-Brady states. Moore claims that since the decline was so small, the decline could’ve happened by chance.

The targeted group for Monroe’s study were adults because only adults can get background checks since it’s illegal for minors to purchase handguns. Adults are responsible for most of the gun-related homicides that were committed in Brady States. 50% of all homicides were committed by adults in Brady states compared to 39% in pre-Brady states. However, the offender’s age wasn’t found in 33% of the cases. The adult to juvenile homicide ratio could be a lot more similar in the Brady and Pre- Brady states than the data shows. In 1994 after the Brady act was implemented the homicides that were committed by adults in Brady states dropped in 1995 but increased in 1996 and 1997. In Pre-Brady states the adult homicide rate increased in 1995 but decreased in 1996 and 1997.

The Brady act was originally created to reduce handgun use in America. Monroe took this into account while conducting his research and looked at how many non-handguns or other types of guns were being used in homicides during the time of his study. Surprisingly, Monroe found there was a decline in non-handgun use in Brady States, while the number of handguns used in homicides increased slightly. He claims the rise in handgun use was caused by juveniles.

Can Gun Control Laws Be Effective

I argue that gun laws won’t affect the overall homicide rate because most criminals don’t buy their weapons from gun dealers legally. Criminals typically buy their guns from illegal sources. Although I don’t believe the overall homicide rate will be affected, I do think that certain types of homicides or gun-related deaths will be affected. The suicide rate should decrease because when a gun dealership does a background check and finds out a person has attempted suicide on numerous occasions, the gun dealers won’t be able to give that person a gun.

Therefore I am against gun control as states with strict gun laws will have a higher gun-related homicide rate than states that have lenient gun laws. Criminals that live in states with strict gun laws will most likely travel to neighboring states that have more lenient gun laws and purchase their guns or they’ll look to use an alternative weapon to carry out their range.

In 12 Angry Men, a group of twelve jurors are deciding the fate of a young 16-year-old boy accused of murdering his father. The film presents a diverse group of twelve American jurors brought together to determine the guilt or innocence of a 16-year-old defendant in a seemingly open and shut murder trial case. The film illustrates both of the advantages and disadvantages of group decision-making, leadership personality and models, group developmental stages, and the bases of social power social influence tactics and outcomes. This essay will make an analysis of Rose's utilization the unity of both time, plot and setting in 12 Angry Men to evoke the audience's attention on the importance of the deliberation process and the interactions between the jurors.

Rose manipulates dialogue, stage directions, and foreshadowing through repetition to explore how justice is reached in the jury process. Rose Illustrated and influenced the reader's opinions using characterization and preferred reading to portray different jurors in different ways. He constructs the 3rd Juror, with a parallel personal story to the defendants. This Juror has a broken relationship with his 16-year-old son. This influences Juror 3's verdict against the boy as in the stage directions; Rose notes the father is reeling from emotional pain stemming from his rejection and when he hears that the victim has been 'stabbed in the chest'. Rose foreshadows his revenge agenda owing to his rigid, patriarchal view of parenting. Throughout the play, there are repeated references to the 'knife', which plays a critical part of the fact-finding process that ensues. As the case progresses, the stab wounds symbolically refer to the 3rd Juror's raw and personal emotions contrasted with his desire to teach the boy a lesson. Rose writes in the stage directions how the Guard always locks and unlocks the room. For instance, 'in the silence, the sound is auricularly discerned of the door being locked', this becomes a metaphoric representation of the jurors closed minds. Rose assigns each Juror a personal and professional story to show how their life experience apprises their views and values as well as the influence it has on their faculty to evaluate the evidence. A stockbroker, who is quintessentially used to making difficult decisions under pressure, the 4th Juror reacts placidly and sensibly; he heavily insists on following 'the logical progression of facts' and how these facts occurred. As an architect, the 8th Juror is tranquil and considered and methodically investigates the evidence. Significantly, the 4th Juror's eyeglasses become a key to the fact-finding process. They are withal used symbolically to parallel the woman's eyewitness testimony, which is similarly clouded by the glasses. In the stage directions, Rose notes that 'removing his eyeglasses', he too becomes clouded by personal impressions and lacks foresight; it becomes 'obvious' to him that the 'boy's entire story was flimsy'. Rose uses literary devices to portray the deliberation process of the jurors.

The eighth Juror is the main protagonist of the story; he has conflicting opinions with the other 11 jurors as he is the only one who initially votes for the boy being guilty. The eighth Juror challenges the overall consensus of the other jurors and rebuts there points. So far in the book up to page 30, the eight juror is the main protagonist as all the points revolve around convincing him to change his verdict from not guilty to guilty. The eight juror doesn't believe that a boy should be sent to the electric chair without being proven guilty, despite the compelling evidence against the defendant. Others ridicule Juror eight at the beginning of the book for going against everyone and seemingly arguing a pointless case for a guilty boy. The eighth Juror is the first to vote not guilty against the defendant which prevents an immediate unanimous guilty decision, his persistence that his fellow jurors commit more time and effort before deciding the fate of a young boy. By the eighth Juror standing alone against the other jurors shows his resilience, and is a direct contrast to the prejudice or Juror three. Juror eight brings a switch knife that is identical to the one that was displayed in court to prove his point that the knife is not hard to come by. Other jurors are all against him, particularly the prejudice of Juror three. The majority of the jurors are irritated by the eighth Juror initially, as his verdict disrupted a unanimous guilty decision meaning that they had to stay overnight until they had all come to a verdict. The reactions of others when Juror eight doesn't raise his handed when voting for the defendant to be guilty startles everyone and there is a mix of emotions of anger and shock around the room as the other jurors believe that the trial blatantly proved him guilty some being. We can, therefore, see the significant role that the eight juror plays in the deliberation process.

Juror three is the antagonist of the book, immediately after the jurors move to the deliberation room to discuss and come to a verdict juror three is eager to get the first vote out of the way. Juror three is appalled when he finds out that there is an outlier in the ballot and that someone doesn't believe that the defendant is guilty. Juror three is prejudice against the defendant as he speaks about his rocky relationship with his son, who he hasn't spoken to in three years. The third Juror speaks openly about kids not respecting their parents nowadays and proceeds to open up about his son running away from home. Juror three is quick to point fingers at other jurors as shown when there is a vote on the ballot paper and excluding Juror eight, and there is a vote for not guilty. Juror three quickly points the finger at jurors five accusing him of changing his vote until Juror nine admits that it was him. Juror three is the antagonist of the story who so far counteracts all points made by Juror eight. Juror three is portrayed by the author as the unspoken leader of the guilty group as shown by his actions and substantial involvement in the plot so far. Juror three is a character who doesn't take well to the disagreements of his fellow jurors; he is outraged at the eighth Juror when he initially stands up against everyone. Juror eight doesn't like to be questioned, and his biased opinions become apparent when he opens up about his shaky relationship with his son. Juror three is prejudice against the defendant due to his preconceived notions that are derived from his tenuous relationship with his son.

It is unequivocal that 12 Angry men impart the notion that 'reasonable doubt' is an ominous part of America's judicial system, as it is of a more significant concern than the truth. The wide variety of symbolic techniques show how Rose supports the 'not guilty' verdict and his view of 'reasonable doubt' if applied meticulously and insightfully, can expose personals aspects and agendas that may conspire that affect a fair trial. Rose reveals he is less concerned about the guilt or innocence of the accused but that a vote of 'reasonable doubt' is far better than wrongly putting an innocent man to the electric chair and acts as a safeguard in the justice system. 

Table of contents

1. Lyrics
2. Musical Elements
3. The Impact on People
4. Conclusion
5. References

The Vietnam War was one of the most divisive wars in the history of the United States. The United States involvement in the War along with the media on the front lines telling horror stories and showing graphic images polarized the nation. Music during the time of the Vietnam War changed drastically and sparked a revolution of protest songs that united people in protests throughout the country. One of such songs is "Give Peace a Chance" by John Lennon.

In this essay I will make an analysis of the song Give peace a chance by John Lennon. Give peace a chance is an amazing protest song which was written in a time when the entire world was talking about racism, injustice while barely anyone was promoting peace. This song was recorded on May 31, 1969, a time when world war had ended 20 years ago and people all over the world were fighting for their rights in their own countries. At this time only a few people believed in peace as they saw more than 170 war fought between 1960-1969. John Lennon’s message in his song is saying war does not solve all problems but if you 'give peace a chance' it may be a better solution to taking a step to solving all the problems in war. The way he sees it there is no need for all of the gossip and all of the different controversies people continue to talk about.

John Lennon was unhappy with the situation and decided to go to Queen Elizabeth's Hotel in Montreal and stayed on their bed in protest for eight days, beginning on May 26, to promote world peace. They got a lot of attention from media and the public which is exactly what they wanted to promote their cause. This song was sung and recorded on May 31, 1969, and some of the people in the hotel room who sang along with him were Tommy Smothers, Timothy Leary, Allen Ginsberg, and Petula Clark. The guitars were played by Smothers along with his brother, Dick. Guests to John and Yoko's bed-in, including reporters, staff, and celebrities, banged on everything from doors to tabletops for rhythm. John thought the first try sounded weak, so in the next try he added a group of Hare Krishna drummers. The drumming was then remixed in a studio because John Lennon came up with a third verse.

This song quickly became the anthem of the antiwar movement as many Americans felt the country should not continue the war with Vietnam. On October 15, 1969, a lot of people did a demonstration called The Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam, which took place, with protesters singing this song in mass.

Yoko Ono told in an interview, “I think we kind of made a point there. We thought that we were presenting a thought through an alternative theater setting and that was the platform and the world was the theater.”

This was released on the album Live Peace In Toronto 1969. It was from a concert Lennon performed backed by Eric Clapton on guitar, Klaus Voorman on bass, and Alan White on drums.

Lyrics

Verse 1: Through this verse, John Lennon tries to say that the entire world is focused on things like racism and no one is caring about world peace. Chorus The chorus speaks for itself saying that they are just trying to get people to give peace a chance.

Verse 2: In this verse, John Lennon conveys that the world is more interested in politics and state matters rather than the much larger issue of wars.

Verse 3: In this verse, John Lennon conveys that the world is more interested in the evolution of science, law and the world believes that the world has achieved peace because the United Nations have formed.

Verse 4: This verse talks about how the world is much more interested in celebrities than world peace.

Musical Elements

Tempo/BPM = 100 BPM

Type = Protest Song (anti-war)

Melody = Anthemic

The Impact on People

“On Nov. 15, 1969, an estimated 500,000 protesters sang the song during an anti-war demonstration in Washington, D.C”. – Neuseum

“When Lennon and Ono conceived of the song, the war had escalated to a point where death and widespread destruction were becoming evident. Nixon's ascension to power had increased the intensity of the war in the hopes of ending it.” – Ashley Kannan

“It's stomping beat, repetitive chorus, and simple message saw Give Peace a Chance picked up by anti-war activists, who sang it repeatedly at protests and rallies.” – alphahistory.com

“Most famously, John Lennon’s Give Peace A Chance became the anthem of the anti-Vietnam War protests in the late 1960s when it was adapted by Pete Seeger at a huge peace rally on Nov. 15th, 1969, involving half a million participants.” - Philipp Baur

Despite the fact that the song is almost completely lacking significant content, in fact, the verses don’t follow any logical discourse, it became one of the most sung peace anthems during anti-war demonstrations. The primary randomness of the verses and the sarcasm of references to apparently casual words (i.e. Bagism, Shagism, Dragism, Madism, Ragism, Tagism) and people, such as the actual personalities that were singing in the bedroom with them, are used to underline the real message of the song that points out how meaningless everything is compared to the need of peace. The chorus becomes a nursery rhyme to repeat over and over again until it will be instilled among governments, stakeholders and media.

Conclusion

This song protests against a cause which is really huge yet unknown to many. It is a really effective protest song as it uses casual words and its meaning is really clear. It received a really large audience and is one of John Lennon’s best work.

References

1. Taha, Haneen. “All We Are Saying Is Give Peace a Chance (Lyrics) - John Lennon.” YouTube, YouTube, 17 June 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn9upYqYsrw.
2. Songfacts. “Give Peace A Chance by John Lennon.” Songfacts, www.songfacts.com/facts/john-lennon/give-peace-a-chance.
3. “Wars and give peace a chance.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Aug. 2019, en.wikipedia.org.
4. Criterion A Protest Song Analysis https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uT0jdAnjt7sKgx--MI3MxoAmGH4mgsvrwrEcEaiMg_Y/edit
5. “Give Peace A Chance Lyrics” LyricFind, www.lyricfind.com. 6.Google, Google, google.com