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John Locke and David Hume were considered to be two of the greatest thinkers and philosophers of their time. During the Age of Enlightenment, these two men spent much of their time delving deeply into the concepts that make the human mind so abstract. Both men were very well aware of the consciousness of man, and the subjectivity that comes with their ideas. Ideas, opinions, notions-all of these are terms which resonate with subjectivity. Self-proclaimed empiricists in their own rights, both men acknowledged fully that any notions regarding anything that man could possibly come to know-or even fathom-were based solely on experience. Experience in itself can be defined subjectively; one may experience an event firsthand, witness it happening to someone else, hear about the firsthand experience of another person (from said person’s perspective), or hear about it from someone else. Regardless of how one might gain this hypothetical experience, it is through personal perception, repetition, and one’s ability to comprehend the complexity behind the circumstances of their situation.
Get original essayWhile ethics, morals, and the nature of all things that can be deemed as opposites- “right” and “wrong”, “hot” and “cold”, “yes” or “no”- are all determined based on our individual understandings of such concepts, they are all made based on how we perceive them, and to what extent. The knowledge of anything is not embedded into our minds from birth; it must be obtained. In order to gain this knowledge, both Hume and Locke concur that one must experience life. By doing this, we allow ourselves to perceive the world around us, thus providing us with opportunities to build upon our present sense of reasoning. “We can see how they gradually come to have more ideas, which they do only by acquiring ideas that are furnished by experience and the observation of things. That might be enough to satisfy us that they—·the ideas·—are not characters stamped on the mind from birth.” (Locke, J, Book I, 1690, p.14)
Through our own experiences, most of us become more developed human beings. In turn, our perception of the world around us changes as we grow and experience situations more frequently. Through the acquisition of clearer knowledge and reasoning comes a sense of identity and consciousness of one’s self. It is this concept in which the two philosophers have some contradicting perspectives. The idea of self-identity is undoubtedly a subjective one. However, Hume proclaims that such a concept is so everchanging and variable that the term is practically obsolete. (Hume, D., 1739, p. 14) Locke also agrees that one’s identity is almost inevitably subject to change as a person ages, but that identity in and of itself surely exists. (Locke, J., 1690, Book II, p. 113)
Similar in nature, the ideologies of Locke & Hume each offer a unique take on how people obtain their levels of thinking and how they correlate them to their personal identities. While identity and rationality are two distinct concepts, the former is the result of the latter. Whether or not “identity” as a concept holds any significant meaning is debatable according to the works of these men, but they both agree that there is some degree of subjectivity to it. Moreover, these philosophers have very empirical philosophical views, and thus agree that everything that we perceive-in the world, outside ourselves, and within ourselves-is subject to change as well as differing perceptions. In order for us to experience any substantial emotions or thoughts about life or ourselves, I agree with Locke & Hume that our reasoning and ability to self-identify can only come with time and experience.
How a person may come about any type of experience is debatable. For example, while a person can experience the morose feelings that are felt after the recent loss of a loved one, anyone whom they might explain this experience to can only empathize with them. Even then, the amount of genuine empathy that the second person is expressing may not be genuine at all, but rather an expression of the social cues that they have managed to pick up regarding the emotion. In regards to the person hearing the saddening story of the other person’s loss, their experience is not truly experience at all. For me to even say this is based on my own understanding of the term “experience”; in a sense, simply hearing the grieving person’s story may justify calling it that. Even if this other person does feel a true sensation of sadness towards the other, it is still only based on what they have just heard. Even if this person had lost a loved one of their own at some point in their life, their perception of it is not going to be entirely like that of anyone else’s perception, assuming that they were even in a similar situation to begin with. In either case, the reasoning behind how one should react to being told about the sad news of someone else is attained through similar past experiences, as well as their understanding of the appropriate social cues to express themselves in such a situation. While we might not have the slightest clue as to what we are truly thinking or to why we should think a certain way, our perception of past experiences is what allows us to develop a sense of moral standards and reasoning. Even if we do not fully understand the reasoning begin what we are supposed to be feeling, our past experiences at least teach most of us what the most acceptable social norms for our time might be.
The empirical ideologies of Hume & Locke both concur that logic and morals are whatever people choose to make of them. What people choose to make of these abstract concepts is based solely on how they perceive the world around them, whether it is by their own accounts or the accounts of others. George Berkeley, another well-known philosopher from the same time, once said:
“It is evident to anyone who takes a survey of the objects of human
knowledge, that they are either ideas actually imprinted on the senses,
or else such as are perceived by attending to the passions and
operations of the mind, or lastly ideas formed by the help of memory
and imagination, either compounding, dividing, or barely representing
those originally perceived in the aforesaid ways.” (Berkeley, G., 1901, p. 41)
This essentially means that anyone who takes the time to evaluate all the bits and pieces of human knowledge will find that it is all relative to the ones who established it in the first place. Moreover, the establishment of such knowledge had to have come from a place of passion, if not repetition. The repetitious experiences that we have is what leads to more developed reasoning, at least in regards to the circumstances of these experiences. The memories of past experiences are what allow us to make progress, or at least what we might define as “progress”. This allows us to develop our sense of reason behind where we set our moral standards, as well as to cope with situations that may share some type of relevance to our past experiences.
In regards to moral standards, Hume argues that they are what we perceive them to be. The standards which we set are not based on rationality, but on passion and emotion. Hume states that our preconceived notions of logic and rationality are derived from our passions, which are derived from our personal experiences. “Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions, and can never pretend to any other office than to serve and obey them. As this opinion may appear somewhat extraordinary, it may not be improper to confirm it by some other considerations.” (Hume, D, 1739, p.217) He states that our reasoning is the result of passions. Since our individual passions, outlooks on situations, and experiences are all uniquely different than that of the next individual, reasoning in and of itself can be viewed as subjective to the point of being arbitrary.
Reasoning and ideas, while able to be used synonymously, are two concepts that are independent of each other. However, that is not to say that reasoning by itself just comes about arbitrarily; it must first be preceded by ideas. These ideas are brought upon through experiencing new concepts, especially during one’s childhood. While this may be a vague explanation of how/if we develop a sense of reason, the number of potential experiences that one could have throughout the span of their life is countless. What we do experience is done so in a manner of our choosing, as the passion regarding our perceptions is how we develop our sense of reason. With this said, we have a choice as to how we can perceive and react to certain situations. Locke says that it is not until we are well into our adult years that we begin to apply these ideas to our own consciousness of self. (Locke, J, 1690, Book II, p.19) Even then, some of us may be incapable of piecing together the experiences and bits of information that have been acquired over the years. While reasoning and simply having ideas have two separate meanings, Locke argues that to have ideas is simply to perceive. (ibid., p. 20) Our ability to perceive begins before we are even aware of it. From the time we are born, all of our senses are intact, regardless of how undeveloped they might be. As such, it can be said that we begin developing ideas before we can make any sense of them. For some of us, this continues well into adulthood, just with a more developed sense of perception. Perception is also a matter of subjectivity, and is one that can never be deemed as “right” or “wrong”. Even when we believe that we hold all of the keys of knowledge to life’s unanswered dilemmas, we cannot even begin to fathom the infinite number of perspectives that exist, even when said perspectives are on the most trivial matters. What’s more, perception comes with experience, and repetitious experience can lead to a change in our perception over the course of time. (ibid, p. 22) Therefore, regardless of our present perception of the world around us and our own identity, such perception is a unique perspective that is only truly suited to our own ideals and understandings.
Our knowledge and perception of the world around us is what allows us to form our own sense of self. As we get older, how we choose think about and react to everyday situations is what will ultimately define who we are as people. This is according to my own personal belief, which coincides with Locke’s perspective. (ibid, p. 115) As we gain more experience in life, we also give others to form their own opinions on us. It is very rare for somebody to be unanimously liked or disliked by everybody that they encounter. As such, the opinions of multiple people also shapes our identity in a way. (Hume, D., 1739, p. 41) Whether or not we choose to let this determine whether we identify in the same manner(s) is entirely up to us. According to Hume (ibid, p. 41), what we perceive of ourselves is irrelevant of what our identity can truly be defined as. Since it is something that is constantly changing within ourselves and within the people around us, there are too many different perceptions of what one’s identity is for it to even matter. This does not mean that the concept is stagnant, and thus never changes or evolves. It simply means that due to the multiple perceptions of ourselves that we will have throughout our lives, as well as the perceptions of others, the idea is too complex to designate to ourselves at any given time.
“…If I know what I am thinking then I must be a self, but to know that I am a self, I must know what I am thinking.” (Balibar, E., 2014, p. 46) This statement acknowledges that we as people can be deemed as such (“selves”) due to our consciousness. Because we are thinking, we are existent. In order for there to be any substance to our existence, though, we must have the previously discussed sense of reasoning and knowledge that we have obtained during life. Since our perceptions are altered in different ways under different circumstances, no one is going to have the exact same sense of identity as someone else, no matter how alike two individuals may seem. How alike they may seem is also a matter of subjective perception. Because of the subjective nature of personal identity, Hume is sceptical of its uniqueness. Because identity cannot be defined as just one thing, there are too many possible perceptions on the identity of an individual for it to have a singular concrete meaning. Naturally, its meaning would only apply to specific individuals, hence the definition of identity. Even then, its meaning would vary greatly among the countless people who have encountered such a person. No one knows the full story behind why somebody is the way they are, and qualities that define a person are almost certain to change with time. What’s more, the perceptions of said person in regards to others can change as well, whereas some may not. It is by this logic that Hume makes his assertion regarding the concept of identity.
Locke had a similar notion regarding the idea of self-identity. However, he deemed it as something that is more of a matter of perception. As someone who worked for the British parliament and the court systems of his time, one might correctly assume that Locke thought more in terms of practicality. To determine the true definition of identity, Locke first learned that he must differentiate between all things living and inanimate. (Uzgalis, W., 2001) He knew that all atoms have a distinct identity, and that it is one which never changes. In this respect, the identity of an atom or other stagnant, constant object is simply of itself; it has no notable substance or characteristics that give it an identity outside of what it is in its only form. Animals, on the other hand, can all be identified by what they are and the functions that they serve. A cow goes “moo”, produces milk for us to drink and typically has physical features that are similar to most cows. By simply looking at this creature, most people would agree that such an animal is, in fact, a cow. Even though it is of one species among countless type of animals that do not have the capacity to think critically or feel emotions like we do, this does not mean that all other animals are cows. All animals, including humans, have distinct characteristics that define their identity. To an extent, one might even argue that they possess a certain degree of personality. It is this aspect in which the human identity becomes more clearly identified. According to the works of Locke, the identity of something becomes as complex the identified being allows itself to become.
When it comes to the identity of people, it cannot be defined by their materialistic or physical substance. The characteristics that define a person for who they are is what gives them their identity. Since such a perception is based on ideas, which are the product of years of experience, it suffices to say that one’s identity is subject to change. While this might be true with most individuals, there are certain characteristics that remain within them from the time of their conception. While a person’s methods of reasoning, acting, and perceiving the world may change as they gain more knowledge and experience, there are defining characteristics that will always be a part of the foundation of someone’s identity. If a person were to have multiple personalities of completely different people throughout the course of their life, they would exhibit notably different traits, thus indicating that they are either inhuman or have a severe personality disorder.
Also a very spiritual man, Locke believed that there is a very clear distinction between souls and people. He believed that our souls are what allow us to think, and that they are the epitome of our consciousness, thus significantly shaping our identity as individuals. In order for us to perceive any emotion-pain, sadness, joy, etc.- takes consciousness, which only the soul is capable of utilising for its own purpose. (Locke, J., 1690, Book II, p. 20) He also believes that despite man’s tendency to sometimes act unconsciously, there is more than his own perception of self-identity and conscious actions that should determine who he truly is. He also believes that for a man to truly possess identity, there come certain levels of accountability and responsibility that he must acknowledge. He uses a drunk man as an example to convey his point. (ibid, p. 119) Even though they might be the same person, the drunk man’s level of consciousness is more intact when he is sober. Even though he may have committed offensive acts while in a state of unconsciousness, he made the decision to put himself in such a state. As such, the actions that he committed while drunk must be held against him as a person. Locke believed that one’s identity consists of the perception of his fellow men regarding him, and that juridical aspects should determine his identity as well. Despite what this man might become later on in life, his actions should be held against him and thus, be a determining factor of his identity. That is not to say that the soul of this man remains unchanged. Later on in his life, he may use his newfound knowledge and experience to shape his identity so that it conforms to the same nature as his soul.
Hume believed that the defining characteristics of anything and everything are based solely on how they are perceived. Naturally, perceptions are going to vary greatly among individuals, which leads him to believe that nothing or no one has a true sense of identity. There are countless different ways that one might perceive another human being, or any other living creature. Since objectivity is the first step in obtaining a perception, one can only make assertions about something to the extent of which they are experienced with it. Regardless of whether these notions might be true or false, how they are perceived is not only relative to the perceiver, but is subject to change as the perceiver experiences it more frequently. (Hume, D., 1739, p. 50) In this sense, the complexity of identity becomes too abstract to come to a single conclusion.
The identity of something in regards to how someone perceives it is based on their past experiences with it, or what they believe might be encounterable if they ever get the chance to experience it. Whether or not a person chooses to acknowledge any connections that might be presented to them-either by their own reasoning or that of somebody else- also defines Hume’s understanding of identity. Even if we do draw distinct connections between the reality of the experience at-hand and how we react to it, Hume also acknowledges that as our perception develops, the identity of the perceived changes as well. (ibid, p. 40)
While both men acknowledge the potential for change in regards to someone or something’s identity, the reality concerning identity differs between them. However, Hume did not believe that just anything or anyone can have identity. While Locke believed that the simplest or most complex organisms all possess a degree of identity, Hume believed that only the simplest, most consistent things are what hold any true identity. Hume believed that perception is all a matter of our minds, and therefore has no real credibility in making the final call regarding an individual’s identity. Therefore, we also have no real understanding of ourselves and thus do not possess a true sense of self-identity. Since we all have a tendency to change in one way or another over the course of time, continuity of our identities are never present. Therefore, according to Hume, our identities are merely a figment of our imaginations. Locke, on the other hand, believes that identity is something that can be designated to anything or anyone, regardless of its consciousness and complex characteristics (or lack thereof).
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Get custom essaySimilar in their empiricist ideologies, Locke and Hume has their share of differences in this regard, particularly in the exclusivity of what constitutes a sense of identity. While the two philosophers believed that knowledge and personal development comes solely through experience, it is how we perceive and utilize the knowledge that the experience offers that determines the nature of identity. To Locke, the concept is one that is engrained deeply into our souls. To Hume, it is something so complex that it can only be reserved for the simplest, non-changing objects and organisms. While our innate natures are subject to change over time, the two men believe that is on this basis that identity is either existent or non-existent. The knowledge that we possess and develop certainly falls into the category of everchanging entities, and thus makes us the complex individuals that we as humans are. Whether our identity is merely an inconsistent and fictitious opinion that everyone has about each other, or is based entirely off of what he have done, ever will do, and what we know, the main concept regarding identity that Locke & Hume can agree on is the subjectivity of the idea.
When considering Tesco there are many different aspects to consider when you are recruiting new employees and keeping the existing staff like training, meeting targets and deadlines and having the correct skills and qualifications to match the job role.
Get original essayIt is important for an organisation like Tesco to consider things like employability and personal skills when they are thinking about recruiting and retaining staff. This is because having a good balanced of these skills will cause allow the organisation to run smooth and efficiently. Along with this it is also important for Tesco to analyse their employees and recruits this may be because if both of the applicants apply for the same job and have the same skills and qualifications but one has more experience than the other then it would of Tesco’s best interest to hire the one with more experience since it would then mean they know what they are doing and are less likely to make errors.
While applying for a specific job role, the applicants may lie about their qualifications and their previous job roles that they had. To avoid this it would be recommended that Tesco ask for references from their applicants of their previous jobs and also bring a record of achievements which shows all their awards and qualifications this would remove the applicants whom are applying the job with false qualifications along with this is would also mean that the Organisation can analyse the potential loyal applicants instead of the false ones.
This can also mean that Tesco may better off to hire someone with less qualifications and experience than someone who has more qualifications and experience as they may potentially be lying about all their achievements and may have none at all.
It is important for the employees to have a little experience in other roles that are similar to their own this means they can be flexible with the other job roles making them a good employee since they can do multiple tasks for the organisation which would be beneficial for the company since they can make more profit and in return it would also mean that they will have a higher salary since they are more valuable to the company.
Another important employability skill is having knowledge of the products and services that Tesco provide the customers with. This is because it will then mean that they can solve any problems or inquiries that a customer may have about the products being sold and can potentially sell that product to the customer which would increase sales for the organisation.
It is important for employees to effective when meeting deadlines for the company. This is because it means that Tesco can run smoothly. If an employee was to miss a deadline it will not only make them look unreliable but it will also cause the company to take a loss in sales since the employee late in meeting the deadline on a specific task.
Employees need to look and have professional standards when they come to work, this is important for Tesco because they are representing the organisation and if they did not look professional then it would make people have bad impressions on the company as a whole and not want to buy the products offered to them causing a profit loss for Tesco.
It is important for an Employee to be patient and hardworking this is because if they have patience then it will allow them to wait for when the time is right for them to earn more money whereas other employees who don’t have any patience will instantly demand a raise in their salary when they don’t deserve it and end up getting fired from the job. If the employee is patient and hardworking then it will allow them to be noticed at the right and earn a raise due to them working hard.
It is important for the employee to have team working and communication skills this is because the employees all have different personalities and you will need to adapt to them to work well together this means communication is essential for working as a team. The ability to listen is also essential to effective communication and teamwork.
Having good interpersonal skills is also important listening to others will help you learn and will enable everyone involved to come up with workable solutions for problems that exist. If you are polite and listen to others that are also a part of the organisation then they will also be considerate and polite to you, it will also cause Tesco to run smoothly since they everyone is listening to each resulting in Tesco being able to increase their profits.
Having skills such as cooperation for Tesco is very important this is because the employees cooperate well with the seniors and managers of the organisation then it will allow them to create a good rapport with each other leading to everyone being more considerate and understanding towards each other while also minimising the arguments between everyone. This will lead to Tesco being able to run smooth and efficiently.
Having good negotiation skills is important as it allows colleagues to be able to get along with each other and resolve any problems that they may have by coming up with solutions and compromises to resolve the conflict that may have gotten into. Negotiation is also important since it will allow you to discuss things like the amount of salary someone deserves and finance problems. Having these skills are important since if you can make negotiations then it will be beneficial for both sides.
This paper empirically explores the elements that influence employee retention in the JetBlue America; the components that will be researched are benefits, service, quality characteristic, recognizable wellbeing, consumer loyalty, reward program, relationship responsibility and client reliability. The outcomes recommend that there is a positive connection between client retention and the related variables, although not all of these connections are critically significant.
Get original essayKeywords: Retention strategies, Airline Industry, Jet Blue, Employee Retention, Customer loyalty, Employee Satisfaction.
JetBlue Airways Corporation (JBLU) is an American low-cost airline. The airway is headquartered in the Forest Hills neighborhood of the New York City precinct of Queens. As of May 18, 2018, JetBlue Airways essentially serves 102 destinations in many states (counting Puerto Rico) and eleven nations in the Caribbean and America. JetBlue is a non-associated airway.
A major challenge faced by the employers today is to retain and procured the hired employees in Jet Blue. In the period of vicious rivalry, each association attempts its level best to give the best resources to its representatives. Satisfying and fulfilling the human sources is one of the toughest tasks which Jet blue faces today. An Empirical Research opportunity is available for the skilled as well as talented human resources that it is becoming exceptionally tough and in addition difficult for the employers to satisfy and retain them. There is no single procedure, strategy or retention plan which may satisfy each and every employee in an organization.
Allegiance, Inc., a supplier of VOCI (Voice of Customer Intelligence) innovation and administrations, declared that JetBlue Airways has joined forces with Allegiance to rapidly reveal bits of knowledge from clients and crewmembers input to distinguish regions that can be connected to enhance the client encounter and helps to retain them. JetBlue will utilize the Allegiance Engage stages, a Customer Intelligence in the Cloud arrangement that transforms continuous clients and crewmember input into very noteworthy business insights.
JetBlue is a perceived pioneer in client encounters, with numerous honorable awards for consumer loyalty and the main airway that offers a Customer Bill of Rights. The organization's through Voice of the Customer (VOC) program integrates client criticism over all channels and gives vital bearing to both the tasks and business groups in view of the client's point of view. In the meantime, JetBlue perceives the effect of crewmember criticism on consumer loyalty. After an exhaustive investigation of contending arrangements, JetBlue chose Allegiance because of its capacity to address these viewpoints in a solitary, incorporated stage.
Bonny Simi, executive of Customer Experience and Analysis at JetBlue Airways said, "At JetBlue, “we guarantee that the Voice of the Customer is heard all through the association through an incorporated approach at all levels and offices. We needed an innovation accomplice that gets us to the following level of advancement, enable us to coordinate operationally, VOC and crewmember input information in a way that gives our groups significant bits of knowledge, which gets us past just scores on a dashboard.”
The former stage for the crewmember-client driven organization is to interface the two key measures of client and crewmember Net Promoter scores. Julia Gomez, JetBlue's chief of People Analytics and Engagement said, “We are amped up for incorporating our client and crewmember information in one place. Having the capacity to assemble everything to see the entire picture and afterward communicate that out in an incorporated manner will furnish the business pioneers with the data, they have to settle on the correct choices for our future achievement.”
Adam Edmunds, president and CEO of Allegiance said, "We are anxious to work with a client-centered organization like JetBlue, helping them to apply client, representative and operational information to settle on choices that enhance their business." Consolidating these information sources gives organizations a more perfect image of the client worker relationships. This can be utilized to make business insight that drives employee retention and income development. Jet blue equipped their workers with this state of mind that they trust of being a piece of an option that is greater than others- they have pride in being picked. This sets a mentality of reason in them. A "mentality of reason" sets the phase for superiority. The benefit of joining the JetBlue group is an incorporate access to a predominant bundle of advantages. Complete data on advantages and evaluation is given to the clients upon contract. The benefits include Medicinal protection, safety, travel tickets, life insurance and much more. It helps to retain the employees in Jet blue.
To retain employees and keep their satisfaction at a high level, Jetblue has to execute each of the three of worker retention factors: Regard, Reward, and Recognition. As the pyramid appears, regard is the establishment of keeping the workers. Rewards will have little impact on the off chance that the company does not regard workers. Recognition is characterized as "unique notice or consideration" and "the demonstration of observing plainly."
In 2017, Jet blue is recorded as best association to work for in the US, JetBlue moored a significant spot in the most famous 25 organizations, securing its position at number 21. Be that as it may, the insignificantly expensive aviation route fastened its seat strap, anchored its plate table and took off as far as possible up to the number 3 spot. So what is it about JetBlue that has incited such vital outcomes? The association's consideration on community advantage, its commitment to assorted diversity and a family feel among colleagues have all gotten adulate from laborers in reviews circulated on Indeed. In a case, perhaps one laborer abbreviated it best: "The lifestyle in JetBlue resembles no other. They genuinely regard and esteem their workers and their customers."
At JetBlue, the word culture has a substantially more profound importance than giving awesome foods and amusement rooms to representatives. Rachel McCarthy, JetBlue's Senior Vice President of Talent and Learning in an article published on Indeed stated, JetBlue was established on "taking humanity back to air travel”. At the beginning of the organization, the originators put the company's main goal in the front line, distinguishing five center qualities that JetBlue would stand for: safety, care, trustworthiness, enthusiasm, and fun. These values help shape the establishment of our identity. These five qualities are acknowledged in fascinating ways. From sweepers to the CEO, everyone at JetBlue is a "crewmember", while supervisors, chiefs, and officials are "team pioneers." A theory of "leadership" keeps crew pioneers in close contact with crewmembers.
Jet blue’s employers and pioneers encourage employees and clients. They carry luggage, work at airplane and serve nourishment at grills on vacations for their team or run run sustenance to the entryways at Thanksgiving. It doesn't make a difference to them at what level they are in the organization, the desire is that they all contribute and they cooperate as a group. Thus, everybody cleans the plane, which reduces the retention.
A more extensive sense of community is likewise vital to JetBlue's particular culture, where "giving back" is a vital esteem. Not exclusively do representatives go on group volunteer excursions (planting trees in Long Island City, for instance), yet they can also appreciate the organization's festivals by involving colleagues who have logged 150+ long periods of administration in the previous year. In fact, JetBlue has its own service – the JetBlue Crewmember Crisis Fund, which is devoted to conveying money related help to workers in need. The group at Jet blue is exceedingly steady. The team at Jet blue is exceedingly supportive. In the case of awful situations, instead of blaming or pushing others each employer assist the team with getting back on their feet.
Situated in New York City and serving a diverse client base, JetBlue's pioneers comprehend the significance of seeing this diversity reflected among its crewmembers. To help a comprehensive culture, the organization has a few crewmember asset gatherings, including Blue Conexión, Vets in Blue, Jet Pride and Women in Flight. In fact, JetBlue's group is continually asking "How might we support much greater assorted diversity and variety?." For example, with their "Ladies in Flight", they have an occasion in the shed where their female pilots, specialists, in-flight teams, ground operations group invest time with young crewmembers' little girls, discussing avionics and conceivable professions in it."
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Get custom essayJet Blue gives the transparent values to their workers. It gives them better viewpoints, diverse perspectives, which is constantly useful to retain them. Views like these meaningfully affect a representative's state of mind, and standpoints, which builds their level of loyalty and reduce the turnover. The strategies to retain employees range from the culture of workers leadership, to how crewmembers serve in the community network, to corporate social duty programs that groups can participate in, to instructive projects for staff and beyond.
Employee behaviour is defined as an employee’s reaction to a certain situation in the organization. Employees need to behave sensibly at organization not only to gain appreciation and respect from others but also to maintain a healthy work culture. An employee needs to adhere to the rules and regulations of workplace. Workplace isn’t the place where you can shout on fellow workers, spread rumours, and criticize your manager. You should not be rude with your group members. Be humble. Do not forget that you are not the only one working; there are other people around as well.
Get original essayManagers play an important role in influencing the behaviour of individuals at the organization. It is the responsibility of leaders to set a direction for team members. In majority of the cases, it has been observed that employees do not feel like going to work when they have strict managers. You need to stand by your employees always. Guide them and help them in their day to day operations and help them acquire new skills and upgrade their knowledge. Make them feel important. As a leader, you need to be a strong source of inspiration for your subordinates. If you do not reach office on time, how can you expect your team members to adhere to the rules and regulations of organization? Employees should be asked to do what best they can perform. Do not overburden employees. Encourage them to upgrade their skills from time to time.
We introduced regional managers to extend our reach to all employees; especially those in more dispersed areas. We conduct a Provincial Employee meetings that aggregates all employees and relevant management executives from a particular region to discuss and resolve any issues that may be present. Through these awareness programmes, we witness that our outstation employees have very few HR-related problems, and much of their concerns lie on technical and material grounds (such as service-quality matters, contractors etc.). (SLT, 2016)
Employees need to feel comfortable at work for them to stay positive and happy. Rules and regulations should be same for every employee. Making simple reporting systems. Transparency at every levels is essential. We offer a range of benefits to our employees. These include initiatives to raise awareness on work-life balance, events such as financial health camps, book sales, and e-sales, and a flood-relief fund to provide assistance in case of hardship.
Some of the additional services that SLT extends to its employees are detailed below:
Managers need to communicate effectively with employees. The moment, employees feel left out, they lose interest in working background. They need to have a word in organization’s major decisions. Let them express their views and express their problems. Grievances need to be addressed immediately. We possess comprehensive mechanisms for the handling and resolving of any and all employee grievances. Any issues can be reported to supervisors or line managers, which will consequently be brought to the notice of the HR department. If a supervisor or manager is related to the matter, the employee can directly contact the HR department.The HR department will then take appropriate measures to correct the issue under concern, to the benefit of all invested parties. (SLT, 2016)
Personal life fights with your family members in the morning, you feel stressed the whole day. It has been observed that individual employees with a troubled background or problematic family tend to behave irrationally at work. Employees who have strained relationships with family members like to sit till late at work and spoil the work culture. Individuals from very poor families have a instinct of stealing office stationery and taking them home. Conflicts in personal life lead to stress and irrational behaviour. Also, employees should try not to bring their personal problems to work. Try to keep your personal and professional life separate.
It is necessary to have friends at the workplace. You need people around to talk to, discuss and share experiences. It is really not possible to work in isolation. Not allowing employees to interact with fellow workers leads to frustration and stress at workplace. Avoid arguing with team members. Throughout the year, we organised a range of social and sporting activities, as well as voluntary initiatives. Some of these included the Telecom Games Provincial Meets, the Telecom Games Inter-Provincial Meet and Regional Awareness Programmes designed to improve the relationships amongst regional staff.SLT possesses holiday bungalows in numerous locations throughout Sri Lanka. We aim to operate additional units at new locations, as well as improve the conditions of existing ones. We further grant funds for any annual divisional trips that may take place.(SLT, 2016)
At Mobitel, the previous CEO Mr. Suren Amarasekara initiated the transformational leadership at Mobitel. He totally changed the established culture at Mobitel to give shared authority and responsibility to the employees. This encouraged the followers also to contribute to decision making and become leaders when necessary. This change along with some prudent investment decisions, contributed Mobitel to become a profit making company from a loss making company within a very short period of time. The CEO Mr. Lalith de Silva to present CEO MR.Nalin Perera continued the same concept even further by segmenting non routine tasks to projects and appointing project managers giving total authority and responsibility to them. With this initiative, a manager in one project is a follower in a different project.
The study on the leadership style of Negombo branch, Sri Lanka Telecom Mobitel that was cleared that it used the Transformational leadership style. The term“transformational leadership” was first coined by J.V. Downton in Rebel Leadership: Commitment and Charisma in a Revolutionary Process(1973).Transformational Leadership, proposed by Burns and extended by Bass and associates, has been conceived as a more complete model of leadership than that advocated by the trait, style, contingency, or exchange theorists.
A transformational leader is a charismatic manager who believes he has a vision for the future of the organization that will bring success to the entire staff. He motivates by getting employees enthusiastically on board with his ideas for the future and then continually uses the vision of a brighter future as the incentive for employees to be more effective. The transformational leader creates a comprehensive plan for success that he delivers to employees and explains how each employee will have a role in the organization’s success.
Transformational leadership style as observed by employees at mobitel are found to be positively co-related and highly significant with the Employees Commitment towards SLT Mobitel.
A successful leader in an organization often expresses the following attributes
There is also a structural linkage of Transformational Leadership to Maslow’s hierarchy of Needs. Transformational Leadership would fit into the higher levels, as it requires a high level of authenticity, self-esteem and self actualization to successfully be a Transformational Leader. Ideals are higher in Maslow’s Hierarchy, which does implement that lower concerns such as health must be reasonably safe before people will pay serious attention to the higher ones.
Various blogs and websites defines motivation in their unique words whilst explaining the leadership theory. Motivation may can be defined as: desire to do the work, aim, motives and needs etc. The exact word motivation is extracted from Latin word group“To Move”. Motivation is a process of driving the force that is present in human to obtain the desired goals or endeavour that is set in one’s mind. Accordingly there is three basic elements; Needs, Drives and Incentives. Anyhow, when there is imbalance that human nature the need of anything is created. To accomplish the needs and wants there is a force that encourages achieving the required satisfaction, so this force is motivation.
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Get custom essayIt has been studied and stated by various people that transformational leadership has positive and significant impact on employee motivation. Transformational leader act as role model for the followers by accepting challenges have to face in future by motivating their workers to accomplish optimum results. They make aware their followers about the vision of organization. They encourage the subordinates for work and stimulates them for being paid more. Followers when encouraged for express some new ideas they freely elaborate their interior feeling and distinctive ideas as they believe that their ideas will be supported.
Eating a healthy, balanced diet such as healthy foods like proteins, fruits, vegetables and whole grains will help to maintain one’s body healthy and keeping it fit, whilst improving the mental acuity needed for studying.
Get original essayThe most important role in our body’s defenses plays the immune system, so there are several ways to keep it shipshape; For teenagers it is especially important to build a strong immune system as the body struggles because of the rapid increase in hormones and the rapid growth, thus using up much of the stored vitamins and minerals. The immune system protects the body against disease and illness by helping one’s cells destroy the germs and bacteria. If one wants their immune system to work well, then the cells must be healthy. By avoiding smoking, alcohol consumption, and unhealthy eating a person keeps their cells healthy.
Another point in keeping the teenager’s digestive tract healthy and in good condition, is adding probiotics to the regular diet. They contain live microorganisms that have been proven to improve digestive health, heart function and skin. Probiotics are found in yoghurt, kefir and kombucha. In addition to a healthy diet and consuming probiotics, one of the most important things we can do to help our immune system is making our sleep a priority. Lack of sleep can severely weaken the immune system. Research has shown that people who don’t get enough sleep are more prone to getting sick after being exposed to a virus or bacteria. This is especially true for teenagers, as this group tends to spend a lot of sleepless nights, studying, partying etc. “During sleep, one’s immune system releases proteins called cytokines that help fight inflammations, and the lack of sleep is decreasing the production of these cytokines which in turn slows down healing response of one’s organism”.
There are many ways to achieve a certain body weight goal or maintain healthy by the foods consumed or more so the way one’s plan their diet. Smaller meals, eaten more frequently are recommended rather than eating food three times a day. In addition, that means that you divide your calorie intake into smaller meals. A really important benefit to dividing your calorie intake is reducing the risk of heart disease. Salt is a dietary, chemical component used in many foods. The salt contains sodium that may increase the risk of cancers in the digestive system. “Additionally, sodium has long been implicated in chronic ailments such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and osteoporosis”. Chewing is a mechanical process that we all don’t give much thought to, but has a great importance on food digestion. While chewing properly, the body releases more saliva which contains digestive enzymes. By doing so, we take some pressure of the esophageal tract and the food goes down to the stomach easily. Seeing as how much energy food digestion consumes, we should all try to help out our bodies in this important task. As well as chewing the food for about 5-10 times if we talk about soft foods, and 30 times for meats and vegetables, one should also avoid eating fast foods that require little to no chewing, which are mainly sold at school cafeterias. All teenagers should opt for fresh foods that are not chemically processed and are easy to digest.
Good posture plays a key role in the health of teenagers, seeing as they are at school for almost half of the day, sitting on uncomfortable chairs. It keeps bones and joints in the correct place so that muscles are properly used. It helps to reduce the excessive wear of joint surfaces too, as well as preventing tiredness as the muscles are used more effectively, thus allowing the body to use less energy, i.e. strength. Undoubtedly, the good posture contributes to a better appearance. No one is born with the perfect body posture; it takes a lot of effort and consciousness to achieve it. With practice the correct posture will systematically take over the old unflattering look.
Exercise is an important aspect of keeping teens healthy as good habits are established best in young age. Encouraging healthy lifestyles in children and teens is imperative and all parents should insist on creating a healthy exercise routine rather than allowing too much TV or computer time. The best way to promote a healthy lifestyle is for the whole family to be involved. A daily exercise program is a fun and innovative way for the whole family to spend time together and make good, healthy habits that will last the teenager a lifetime. “Teenagers need at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity on most days to maintain good health and fitness and for healthy weight during growth.” (University of Rochester, Medical Center). Exercising can help prevent high blood pressure, obesity, and abdominal cholesterol levels. On the other hand a lack of exercise can lead to heart attacks and strokes later in life.
During the teenage years, the teenagers are often insecure about their appearance and may develop some eating disorders such as bulimia, anorexia, binge eating or other. “While plumpness is prestigious in societies where food is scarce, the same shape is often considered unattractive in areas where food is abundant, because fatness is considered a sign of weakness, not strength”. Our society places a lot of pressure on teenagers, making themselves compare to the influencers and models we see everywhere on social media. However, maintaining a healthy and balanced diet can let teenagers eat as much as they want without feeling guilty, while obtaining the important nutrients for the body.
Being inspired requires a good mood and happiness and that can be achieved by the foods consumed. Eating right affects the mood in various ways and that reflects on the person’s decision making. “The four neurotransmitters that are manufactured directly from food components are serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine, and acetylcholine. The levels and activity of these neurotransmitters are sensitive to food intake, and changes in dietary patterns can have profound effects on behavior, eating patterns, sleep, and energy level”. Serotonin is found in foods like cheese, nuts, and red meat. It is considered as a natural mood stabilizer and it helps with digestion, sleeping, and eating. This chemical also reduces depression which is a very common disorder in teenagers and regulates anxiety. Similarly, dopamine which is found in foods like dark chocolate, dietary products, vegetables, fruits and in some fish and nuts is a hormone that increases happiness and better mood. Along with dopamine, the hormone norepinephrine as well increases happiness and prevents depression. Acetylcholine is a hormone found in meat, eggs, fish and whole grains that simulates motivation, learning, attention and energy.
The overall arching point is that by consuming foods with nutrients and vitamins, exercising, and planning a balanced diet, remarkably helps teenagers especially in the period where they develop the most. Therefore, improvement in mood, motivation, a great healthy, figure, and satisfaction are a result of a healthy lifestyle and choices. Starting with small steps a teenager can genuinely change their life choices and can improve in various aspects.
Endangerment is a bigger issue, one of them that includes the animals as well as the atmosphere where they interact with each other and live. To solve or elevate this problem every aspect related to this need to be studied. So, what does the exact manner become the reason for endangerment of the animals? There are the various facts, few of them we will going to describe here. One of the principle perspectives is that of living space destruction. Obviously our planet is persistently changing, making territories be adjusted and altered, and however, these tend to occur at a continuous pace. This enables most species to adjust to the evolving condition, where just a slight effect may happen.
Get original essayTermination began as a characteristic procedure before the entry of people. The uncountable species have become terminated with the procedure of the natural selection. Dinosaurs are the main instance of the endangerment species. Now days, the people has inhabited on the Earth to such a degree, to the point that living space obliteration and creature are presently the essential drivers of species declines. Keeping in mind the end goal to account for our regularly expanding populace, people have cut, consumed, and cleaved their method into living spaces, terminating the species at very rapid rate so that they can renew themselves. One of the main reasons of endangerment of species birds is deforestation, as due to cutting of trees, birds lose their shelters and they died in cold or other animals eat them on ground. Every individual can subsidize in smooth little approaches to support spare endangered animals.
Infection, smog, & the fewer level distribution is the biggest factor that debilitate different creature and the plant species. If a species group does not have the common hereditary insurance in contradiction of specific pathogens, a presented infection can have severely effect on that species. For example, rabies and canine distemper pollutions are by and by pulverizing meat eater population in East Africa. The Local beings frequently convey the diseases that affects to the wild population; showing again that how the human activities lie at the basis of most reasons for endangerment. The pollution has truly affects to distinct terrestrial and oceanic species, and focused conveyances are as often as possible an outcome of different dangers; population limited to a couple of little regions due to the habitual loss, for example, might be unfortunately influenced by random variables. The advantages of sparing endangerment species are awesome in numbers. Numerous plants and animals hold therapeutic, agriculture, business, and recreational values. There are number of plants which are used in making of medicines. They should all ensure and saved with the goal that future ages can encounter their presence and the values.
The “Endangered Species” Act is a best and imperative ecological laws. It shows to a dedication by the general population to cooperate to ensure and reestablish those species most in danger of disappearing forever (endangered). It is an effective wellbeing net for ensuring wildlife, plants, insects, and fish from eradication. In 1973, Congress indicated worldwide leadership by making the Endangered Species Act. Act has been effective – no law has been highly vital in keeping the destruction of wildlife, including bald eagles, dim whales and the peregrine bird of prey. Also, numerous species ensured under the rule are on the path to retrieval.
Around the entire world, plants and creatures are disappearing at highly rate and the basic structures that all species, including individuals, depend upon are at serious risk. Just in the United States, the researchers evaluate that the more than the 500 species miss in the past 200 years. Suddenly, some in Congress appear to be ready, even restless, to break our nation's certification to future ages to secure our natural heritage (biologicaldiversity).
The “Endangered Species” Coalition has to be done work hard with our congressional partners to guard against bills and riders that could undermine the Endangered Species Act. Some of these administrative attacks could keep residents from making a move to consider the legislature responsible for neglecting enough to ensure our most endangerment species. Others would cut out exceptions for specific species or geographic zones as giveaways to unique interests, including a portion of the wealthiest oil organizations, enormous agribusiness, and land engineers.
From ensuring dark footed ferrets to ocean turtles, the Endangered Species Act has been basic in the fight to spare our most endangerment species. The Endangered Species Act gives the presence of mind, adjusted answers for government organizations, landowners, and concerned nationals to monitor endangerment natural life and their living spaces. The Act mainly involves three key components:
The Endangered Species Act is proposed to secure not simply considerable, engaging wildlife, for instance, mountain bears and bald eagles, yet additionally species that are darker, yet likewise outstanding and fundamental to the web of life. The Act guarantees the organic frameworks after that gambled common life and various diverse species, including individuals, depend. According to this act, different types of trees are planted in different regions. So that animals and birds can take shelter under these trees. By influencing the Endangered Species to act, Americans communicated that it's deficient that natural life gets by in the sterile furthest reaches of zoos, they pronounced these species should moreover flourish in consistent living spaces. The Endangered Species Act was marked into law by President Nixon in 1973; it has been in compelling for over 40 years. The Act tries to prevent elimination, recorded endangered plants and animals, and secure the ecosystem on which they depend. A artificial environment is provided to rare species to survive. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are the two government offices in charge of usage of the Act.
We assume the general level of ecological directions which outputs in a lessening of generally productive private advancement. The dangerous habitat title under the “Endangered Species Act” is an essential illustration. If that the controls influence a lot of lands, they may the essential affect whatever is left of the local economy, expanding rents and densities on lands not subject to the direction, causing the change of terrains from the alternative uses, expanding the net created a zone in the area and diminishing customer welfare. We build up an adaptable general balance recreation of the financial impacts of basic territory assignment, explicitly thinking about the distributional tons of various kinds of land and after lodging buyers. The results of our reproduction demonstrate that the most noteworthy financial impacts of basic environment happen outside of the assigned territory. The costs and the rents of non-basic environment land increment essentially. Salaries are redistributed crosswise over proprietors, and these linkages additionally influence the prosperity of lodging shoppers.
I would like to conclude that, Endangerment is a bigger issue. To solve the problem of the endangerment species the paper describes the various act to protect the species and their impacts on the species. The Endangered Species Act is proposed to secure not simply considerable, engaging wildlife, for instance, mountain bears and bald eagles, yet additionally species that are darker, yet likewise outstanding and fundamental to the web of life. We assumes the general level of ecological directions which outputs in a lessening of generally productive private advancement. One of the principle perspectives is that of living space destruction. Obviously our planet is persistently changing, making territories be adjusted and altered, and however, these tend to occur at a continuous pace.
Among the various definitions of tragedy, the one most commonly proffered is: a play that treats - at the most uncompromising level - human suffering, or pathos, with death being the usual conclusion. According to Aristotle's Poetics, the purpose of tragedy is to show how humans are at the mercy of fate, and to cleanse the audience by provoking extreme emotions of pity and terror. The tragic actions on the dramatic stage cause the audience to experience these extreme feelings that eventually causes a catharsis or release of these emotions, to reduce these passions to a healthy, balanced proportion.
Get original essayHowever, the application of this definition to Renaissance tragedy is limited as it makes two over-reaching assumptions about the play, its protagonists and the audience. First, that the death of all protagonists contributing towards the drama is tragic to an equal degree, which prompts an equal level of catharsis in the audience. Does the self-purchased death of one simultaneously learned and overly ambitious Faustus solicit the same amount of catharsis and empathy as do the 'unnecessary' deaths of Cordelia, Gloucester, Lear, the Duke of Castile, Horatio, and Isabel among a host of other innocent characters whose corpses litter the sets of King Lear and The Spanish Tragedy? One is left with a terrifying uncertainty - although the iniquitous die, the good die along with them. Second, and perhaps most significant, that catharsis would pour forth in the audience if the play's dnouement - meaningful or not - contains fatal twists, surprise deaths and wide-scale massacre. Or in other words, though the play may itself may have physically ended, the repercussions of the deaths, its implied message on human fate and deeper unresolved, psychological issues that had plagued the protagonists' minds continue to trouble audiences long after they have left the theatres.
The deaths of Lear and Cordelia in King Lear confront us like a raw, fresh wound when our every instinct calls for healing and reconciliation. This problem, moreover, is as much one of philosophic order as of dramatic effect. In what sort of universe, we ask ourselves, can wasteful death follow suffering and torture? If characters such as Lear, Gloucester, and Edmund all go through a process of awakening, why then do they die? Even Iago, despite all his evil machinations, lives on to bear the fruit of his crimes. In other Shakespearean tragedies, such as Othello and Hamlet, the play ends with the reconciliation of the tragic hero and society. When Othello pleads "Speak of me as I am. Nothing extenuate, /Nor set down aught in malice," like Hamlet and Cleopatra he seeks immortality in his reputation and in his story. It is a final attempt to reconcile himself with society and his misdeeds, moments before he stabs himself.
In Romeo and Juliet, there is a feeling of hope in the final scene because the Houses of Montague and Capulet are finally at peace with each other, and will erect monuments in remembrance of the two lovers. Peace and understanding is gained from the tragedy. But in The Spanish Tragedy the only monument we see is that of a pile of dead bodies slumped behind a curtain. It is difficult at the end, for the audience to feel whether anything has been gained other than a sense of remorse and misery.
In a Christian framework, even the worst deed can be forgiven through the redemptive power of Christ. Thus, however terrible Faustus' pact with Lucifer may be, the possibility of redemption is always open to him. But each time the play offers moments in which Faustus can choose to repent, he decides to remain loyal to Lucifer rather than seek heaven. "Christ did call the thief upon the cross," he comforts himself, referring to the New Testament story of the thief who was crucified alongside Jesus Christ, repented for his sins, and was promised a place in paradise. That he compares himself to this figure shows that Faustus assumes he can wait until the last moment and still escape hell. In other words, he wants to renounce Mephistopheles, but not just yet. One can easily anticipate that his willingness to delay will prove fatal. Only at the end of his life does Faustus desire to repent, and, in the final scene, he cries out to Christ to redeem him. But it is too late for him to repent. In creating this moment in which Faustus is still alive but incapable of being redeemed, Marlowe steps outside the Christian worldview in order to maximize the dramatic power of the final scene. Having inhabited a Christian world for the entire play, Faustus spends his final moments in a slightly different universe, where redemption is no longer possible and where certain sins can no longer be forgiven.
The effect of inhabiting such an unforgiving universe before his death is however ameliorated in later versions of the text. The ending of the Doctor Faustus B text is vastly different to that of the A text. The latter simply ends with Faustus being dragged away by the devils, and a summarising epilogue. Nothing is revealed to the audience of what eventually becomes of his body. The B Text however is slightly more re-assuring. Despite his self-aggrandisement, wavering, "hair-splitting, and sophomoric misquotations of the Scriptures," Faustus gets a sympathetic ear to listen to his agonized confession of his pact with Lucifer, and subsequently "a due burial" from the scholars. His scattered limbs are gathered by the scholars, who promise him a burial in accordance with Christian rights, "though Faustus' end be such." Unlike Don Andreas in The Spanish Tragedy, proper burial rites will buy Faustus a ride in Charon's boat across the Styx to Hades. King Lear's death, in comparison, breaks all dramatic conventions. It is perhaps one of the few tragedies in which the tragic hero dies irreconciled and indifferent to society.
The last two acts of King Lear are constructed with a series of advances and repudiations of visions of hope. By choosing to set King Lear in a pre-Christian era, markedly before Christ's redemption, Shakespeare does not allow one the comfort of knowing that all evil, however bad, can be overcome. Nature seems to be mocking Edgar's confidence in justice, when he sees his brutally blinded father immediately after claiming that "the worst is not / So long as we can say 'this is the worst."
In Hamlet, a play equally wrenched by a self-consuming family quarrel, Horatio bears witness to the ensuing tragedy. In the closing scene, he volunteers to go outside and narrate to the world the misfortunes that have befallen this once noble family. He will reveal all the "carnal, bloody, and unnatural acts" as well as the "accidental judgements" and "casual slaughters" so that men may learn from their mistakes. Hamlet's audience is thus awarded with some release after this gut-wrenching tragedy. The world will be informed that Hamlet was a just man. But what will the world think of Lear? Albeit a symbolic act, no one will tell his story, and in a way, purge oneself of further adversity. Hence, a strong sense of guilt and remorse, what in truth ought to have been the burden of the remaining characters, is instead passed onto the audience to bear.
But that does not seem to be happening in King Lear, The Spanish Tragedy or Doctor Faustus. Not one steps forward to offer any words of closure or perhaps a glimpse of optimism. Kyd's decision to literally give Revenge the last word in his play reflects the thematic message of the final scenes of The Spanish Tragedy: revenge does have the last word, crowding out mercy and all other human emotions, seeking its inexorable satisfaction in an overdose bloodshed and violence. The final scene implies that Hieronimo's action serves as the fulfillment of justice, but the blood, waste, and carnage of the penultimate scene works against this presumption, seeming to deny the possibility of justice in a world where the machinations of class and power determine the course of men's lives.
In King Lear, Edgar simply offers, "Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say." Though sensible, his comment is untimely for indeed had this maxim been observed by everyone and not just by Cordelia and Kent, perhaps the tragedy could have been averted. It is perhaps for these reasons that Tolstoy refers to the plot of King Lear to be "stupid, verbose, unnatural, unintelligible, bombastic, vulgar, tedious, and full of incredible events, 'wild ravings', 'mirthless jokes', anachronisms, irrelevancies, obscenities, worn-out stage conventions and other faults both moral and aesthetic. " This could well have been a view shared by Nahum Tate which made him revert closer to Shakespeare's sources, in terms of the denouement.
Texts such as Holinshed's Chronicles, which Shakespeare had at his elbow when he wrote his history-plays, end in the reconciliation of a father whom submits his daughters to a 'love-test'. Shakespeare's choice therefore, to end the play in such ghoulish bloodshed can be seen as a clear attempt to point out the weakness of humankind, and the evil it is capable of. In King Lear, Shakespeare does not merely adapt his sources, he consciously makes a violent and shocking alteration to them. He converts the folk-tales of medieval literature into a more complex account, where everything is obfuscated and questionable, in a manner similar to the denouement itself. (Hieronimo is at least partly aware, and quick to exploit the inability of audiences to comprehend such large-scale tragedies when he chooses to perform his play in a medley of foreign languages, the effect of which Balthazar rightly notes, "...this will be a mere confusion/ And hardly shall we be all understood." )
The deaths in Hamlet are curiously unrelated to the demands of the Ghost. And the latter, unlike tradition, does not return to haunt the stage at the end to revel in the deaths not in the dubiously-gained revenge. Hamlet's decision not to kill Claudius is indeed a thoughtful mistake, a missed opportunity that would not only have ended the play in less than half the time, preventing the deaths of so many people, but would have also earned him his revenge rightfully. While Hieronimo proceeds to his last rendezvous in as an agent of death in a deliberate manner ("And princes, now behold Hieronimo, /Author and actor in this tragedy."). Hamlet almost stumbles on his final best chance to kill Claudius as a consequence of a duel with Laertes and various plots of poison that he knew nothing of previously, so that his final act of killing is almost knee-jerk and prompted by self-defence rather than planned strategy.
Unlike in Hamlet, in The Spanish Tragedy the choric Don Andreas is quick to take centre-stage and revel in the carnage. With only the promise of an afterlife presided over by Pluto and Proserpina, the denouement has nakedly pagan overtones and no sign of completeness. Not only was Don Andreas able to destroy the lives of his enemies while they were living, but also after they are dead. In a frenzy of blood-lust, he demands and gets the authority to provide everlasting judgement for his rivals. Here, there is no end to the incessant pain - the revenge, and therefore the play, continues to perpetuity. Lorenzo has been confined eternally on Ixion's wheel; Castile is to have his liver perpetually torn at by vultures, and Balthazar is to be hung about Chimaera's neck.
Hieronimo acknowledges the tragedian's 'faked endings' when he notes:
To die today, for fashioning our scene,
The death of Ajax, or some Roman peer,
And in a minute starting up again,
Revive to please tomorrow's audience.
While a tragedy suggests a certain irreversible finality in the catastrophic events of the play - an irrevocability that is integral to the audience feeling the catharsis - at the end of the day, it is simply and subversively, a play. Dead actors rise up once more, wipe off the pig's blood, and reappear on stage again the following day. In real terms, for the audience, it perhaps wasn't such a 'tragic end' after all.
Many critics have not just disapproved of the deaths of Lear and Cordelia, but have also expressed concerns with the implausibility in the plot. Among the host of 'dramatic defects' that Bradley points out in King Lear, the one that remains the most jarring of them all is Edmund's long delay in telling of his 'writ' on the lives of Cordelia and Lear even after he is mortally wounded and has nothing to gain. Stemming from it is yet the biggest war on the senses. Albany's most unbelievable forgetfulness ("Great thing of us forgot") is widely seen by critics as the greatest injustice in the play. For the "loving son of Albany" (who is soon also to take up the rein of power in Britain) to overlook, albeit in the midst of Goneril and Regan's deaths, the safety of the unwell King and Cordelia, is inexplicable. If we are to remind ourselves of Albany's prior knowledge of Edmund's diabolical capabilities and the latter's arrest "on capital treason," then to suggest that Albany did not suspect Lear and Cordelia's lives to be in danger, makes his forgetfulness seem even more implausible.
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Get custom essayRenaissance dramatists explore the limits of human justice and leave us with doubts about any other form of justice. One may feel that the denouements with their varying degrees of penalties are not quite fair, even though all sinners have been punished. Goneril, Regan, Balthazar, Lorenzo and their collaborators are as dead as Macbeth or Richard III, but so are Cordelia and Bel-imperia, and with them, innocence and hope for the future. No number of slain villains can alleviate the accumulated devastation. Perhaps Horatio's fate ought to have been better than that of a low-life such as Pedringano, and perhaps Goneril and Regan ought to have remained alive in order to witness a happy reunion between Lear and Cordelia. In illustrating this unpredictable hand of justice, both human and divine, the dramatists illustrate the worst features of mankind at work, and in doing so, invite one to react and remain uncomfortable towards any suggestion of a resolution.
This report deals with the communication issues that have or currently occurred between engineers and the public. Good communication between the engineer and the public is essential in the future to help promote and develop the world. Engineers need to particularly realise how important this communication path is as their actions have a inevitable impact on society. Lack of education and poor skills are some issues to name a few that on behalf of the engineer have led to communication issues throughout the years but with a few changes it can be seen how easily these issues may be prevented or even resolved.
Get original essayThis report aims to examine the relationship between engineers and how they communicate with the public, while also investigate engineers' professional responsibilities given that relationship. This is a particularly important aspect for engineers to consider as their actions have an unavoidable impact on society every day. Even though engineering does have such a huge impact on society, for several reasons the public do not consider it such a huge part of an engineer’s world. They often question the professionalism of engineers such as their ethics because they view them as topics outside the usual realm of engineering and design. Truthfully in the real world, professional responsibility is an essential part of the engineering process. This report will explore some of the issues the engineer faces in their day to day relationship with the public and investigate ways these challenges may be resolved.
Engineering has had a major impact on many different aspects of society and one of the main effects would be the social impact. Obviously there has been many positive impacts on society but there has also been a significant amount with negative effects too. It has been questioned if the societal consequences would have been different if engineers had been involved in the study of their complex role in society. For instance, could we have thought that the introduction of the automobile could lead to all the pollution in today’s world or that a TV in every household could have had such an influence on the increase in functional illiteracy in the 21st century. On introduction to society the engineer was obviously only concentrating on the positives but as time progressed the negatives became prominent. The list of impacts of technology is long and mounting and has contributed to society's uncertainty about technology. For this reason, society blames engineers for these ambivalences as they feel they have not been sufficiently informed which has led to a lack of trust in the engineers. But we know it would be wrong to blame the engineer as it is due to the majority of societies lack interest in understanding the technological process with its constraints and possibilities. This has made communicating with society difficult for engineers as the lack of trust provides a barrier.
Another aspect that must be examined when investigating the engineer’s communication with society is their education. Most people who study engineering around the world have much higher maths skills than verbal and social ones. This provides an initial barrier for the engineer when communicating with the public as they are viewed as narrow minded mathematical people with no interest with the rest of society. This stigma towards engineers has always been there and will certainly progress through to the future but the engineer needs to come up with ways of getting past this issue.
In conclusion, it is clear that open and clear communication between engineers and the public is vital for the future. Communication between both parties is acceptable at times but needs to be simplified greatly for most situations to inform the majority of society. The use of engineering jargon and other “Hi-Tec” terms make sense to the common engineer but mean nothing to rest of society. This is where communication issues occur in the information chain between these parties. Hence better communication training in the engineering world is the simplest and most viable solution to this major problem in today’s society.
“The rationale for teaching ethics to engineers and computer scientists seems fairly obvious. Their work (developing, designing and implementing technologies) has an enormous impact on the world. ” Recent developments in engineering education has led to vast improvements in the basic sciences of engineering such as physics maths and chemistry. These improvements although very important and relevant may have outshone some of the other different but equally relevant issues in the practice of engineering which may include:
The above topics relate not to the knowledge of the engineer themselves but to their interactions with the public around them. These topics should become a lot more significant in the education of future engineers which would greatly improve how they can portray their ideas and designs to the public. This improvement in communication between engineers and society would inform society much better of the other issues that engineers are responsible for such as environmental responsibilities and their own safety and welfare.
"Jerusalem," by William Blake, is a contemplative portrayal of England's development during the time period in question. This poem is concerned with the theme of England's loss of innocence; this is important because it shows that development is not, as people often perceive, beneficial for a country; rather, it destroys nature and corrupts humanity. Through the use of descriptive imagery, Blake conveys the "wicked" transformation nature and humans experience due to modernization. The use of anaphora and rhetorical questions both heightens the theme of lost innocence and reinforces the poet's desire to regain this innocence. In addition, Blake's skillful use of figurative language enhances the reader's comprehension of the poem.
Get original essayThroughout the poem, Blake uses vivid imagery to describe England's loss of innocence due to industrial development. Blake begins the poem by painting images of nature's innocence in the reader's mind, using words such as "mountains green" (2) and "pleasant pasture" (4). He portrays nature as peaceful and beautiful: as it always has been, and as it is always meant to be. In the second stanza, however, the images of nature's innocence are lost and are replaced by images of "clouded hills" (6) and "dark satanic mills" (8). These images suggest that England's development causes the innocence of nature to become lost. Nature's untouched beauty is tainted by industrialization; hills which were once green become clouded, and mills that were once providers become satanic. Blake makes clever use of imagery to show the effects of England's development on nature.
Moreover, Blake uses imagery to portray humans losing their innocence. Prior to England's development people led a simple life, the life of "the holy lamb of God" (3). People led a simple life resembling that of Jesus Christ, where there was no greed, jealousy, or corruption. This innocence, however, was lost as a consequence of England's industrial development. People took on the characteristics of "clouded hills" (6).Those who previously led an honest life became corrupted by greed and power. Their innocence became clouded by sins, and was eventually lost.
Blake also uses rhetorical questions to convey the theme of lost innocence. Blake begins the poem with four rhetorical questions, which he uses to illustrate the poem's main theme: "And did those feet in ancient time walk upon England's mountains green?"(1-2). By questioning whether England's mountains were green in the past, Blake evokes the theme of lost innocence in the reader's mind. The reader learns that England did have green mountains in the past, but now they have been transformed into "clouded hills" with "dark satanic mills" as a result of industrialization. Blake uses this question to accentuate nature's loss of innocence.
In addition, Blake uses anaphora to emphasize his determination to regain England's innocence:
Bring me my bow of burning gold!
Bring me my arrow of desire!
Bring me my spear! O clouds unfold!
Bring me my chariot of fire! (9-12)
To reinforce Blake's determination, strength, and desire to regain innocence, the speaker makes skilful use of anaphora. Through this type of repetition the poem rhetorically enacts Blake's sincere wish to regain innocence. The use of repetition also serves to mimic Blake's relentless effort and desire to regain innocence at any cost.
Blake uses figurative language to give the reader a more concrete understanding of the poem's major theme. In the first stanza, Blake makes clever use of synecdoche to reinforce England's innocence prior to its development. This is evident when Blake says, "the holy lamb of god/on England's pleasant pastures seen" (3-4). Here, Blake uses the idea of a shepherd god to signify Jesus Christ. Christ is a symbol of justice, humanity, and innocence. Accordingly, placing Christ on English soil recalls the innocence of English citizens before England transformed into an industrial country. The idea of Jesus seen in England suggests the spiritual connection that England enjoyed prior to industrialization. However, during industrialization England lost its spiritual connection; thus, people begin to commit sins and lose their innocence.
Blake also uses personification to express his determination to create Jerusalem, a representation of the old England, which embodies both natural and human innocence:
I will not cease from mental fight,
Nor shall my sword sleep in my hand
Till we have built Jerusalem
In England's green and pleasant land. (13-16)
In line 14, Blake personifies his sword to enhance the meaning of the poem. Blake insists he will not let England's loss of innocence paralyze him; he will continue to fight, and will bring back innocence "in England's green and pleasant land."
William Blake's "Jerusalem" conveys the effects that industrial development had on England. The central theme of the poem is England's loss of innocence. This theme is of great importance because people usually overlook the horrific consequences of development, such as destruction of nature and corruption of humanity. Through the use of imagery, Blake reinforces the wicked transformation that nature and humanity undergo as a consequence of modernization. Through the use of rhetorical questions and anaphora, Blake both enlightens the theme of lost innocence and accentuates his desire to regain this innocence. Furthermore, through cunning use of figurative language Blake enhances the reader's comprehension of the poem. Through this poem Blake not only expresses his determination to regain the loss of innocence, but he also endeavors to make the reader conscious of it. In other words, Blake writes this poem to enlighten his reader about the adverse effects of industrialization. Blake not only writes about England's present, but also about the future adverse effects of development. Given the current world situation, one must admit that there is some validity to Blake's concerns.
When autumn turns into winter in Maycomb County, Scout and Jem plan to create a snowman. This is an example of how their innocence is retained towards the beginning. Jem and Scout shape the snowman: “Jem glanced at me, his eyes twinkling: ‘Mr. Avery’s sort of shaped like a snowman, ain’t he?”’(67) The tone of this quotation suggests that the children are delighted and naive. After creating their snowman, Jem and Scout witness Miss Maudie’s house getting burnt down: “We stood watching the street fill with men and cars while fire silently devoured Miss Maudie's house.”(69) This damages their innocence in several ways. Because Scout and Jem are children, they have not yet experienced a traumatizing event. After watching the destruction of Miss Maudie's house, the children are in shock with parts of their innocence lost: “It's gone, ain't it?" moaned Jem.” This leads them to realize that not everything will last.
Get original essayOne day, Jem and Scout decide to go hunting for a small rodent with guns until Jem focuses on something in the road. Jem reveals he was looking at Maycomb’s pet, Tim Johnson. Scout and Jem race home to tell Calpurnia his condition and Calpurnia frantically calls every neighbor. Mr. Heck Tate, the sheriff of Maycomb, forces Atticus to shoot the dog instead because he feels he is not qualified to do so: “Mr. Tate almost threw the rifle at Atticus. ‘I’d feel mighty comfortable if you did now,’ he said,”(96) The dog portrays the town’s thinking that only Atticus is the only person who can help deter the town and his children from prejudice. Mr. Heck Tate also notifies Atticus about the mob for Tom Robinson’s arrival: “...movin’ him to the county jail tomorrow,” Mr. Tate was saying, “I don’t look for any trouble, but I can’t guarantee there won’t be any….”(145) Mr. Heck Tate warns Atticus because he knows Atticus will defend Tom, just like he knows that Atticus will shoot the dog to defend his children.
Many events occur throughout the novel that highlight the racial inequality in Maycomb. One of the most significant events is the trial of Tom Robinson, a black man accused of raping and beating a 19-year-old white woman named Mayella Ewell. Although evidence implies that Tom Robinson is innocent, the town still votes him guilty: “Judge Taylor was polling the jury: ‘Guilty...guilty...guilty....guilty…’”(211) Tom Robinson is voted guilty only because it is a white person’s word against a black person’s. Another event is when Aunt Alexandra requested that Calpurnia be removed from their home to Atticus. When Scout asks Atticus if she can visit Calpurnia’s house, Aunt Alexandra replies for Atticus by saying, “You may not” (84) Because Aunt Alexandra is a woman with traditional and conservative values, she treats Calpurnia harshly and with zero respect.
The difference in moral education can be seen in many different examples in the book. Atticus Finch, Jem and Scout’s father, always teaches the two to be respectful to African Americans. For example, after Cecil Jacobs and Scout fight, Scout asks Atticus if he defends black people while using a derogatory term. Atticus replies, “Of course I do. Don’t say n*****, Scout. That’s common.”(75) Atticus tells Scout not to call them a demeaning word because he cares for and supports racial equality and wants Scout to be raised with sympathy and empathy instead of prejudice and blind animosity like the rest of Maycomb County.
As Jem and Scout grow up, their views on Boo Radley change. In the beginning, they determine that Boo is someone monstrous and evil by listening to rumors: “Jem gave a reasonable description of Boo: Boo was about six-and-a-half feet tall, judging from his tracks; he dined on raw squirrels and any cats he could catch, that’s why his hands were bloodstained-- if you ate an animal raw, you could never wash the blood off.”(13) Considering Jem and Scout were very young, they most likely saw Boo as a lurking demon waiting to murder them based on their rumors and imagination. Although Jem, Scout, and occasionally Dill disturbs Boo’s silence, he still leaves them presents and mends Dill’s pants. As time passes, they slowly get rid of the fear surrounding the Radley house. After Bob Ewell attacks Jem and Scout, Boo shows up at the Finch’s house. Although Boo Radley was an outcast of the racist, ignorant society of Maycomb and faced multitudes of false assertions, the innocence of his heart saved the children from Bob by tackling him. After the event, Scout finally sees the good in Boo Radley and walked him home properly: “‘Mr. Arthur, bend your arm down here, like that. That’s right, sir.’ I slipped my hand into the crook of his arm.”(278) Scout is no longer apprehensive towards Booboo the Radley and now treats him with respect.
Bravery is one of the hidden themes of To Kill A Mockingbird. One example is when Atticus shoots the mad dog. when Atticus defends Tom Robinson, Bob Ewell throws threats of violence at Atticus: “It was Miss Stephanie’s pleasure to tell us: this morning Mr. Bob Ewell stopped Atticus on the post office corner, spat in his face, and told him he’d get him if it took the rest of his life. ‘I wish Bob Ewell wouldn’t chew tobacco,’ was all Atticus said about it.”(217) Although Atticus teaches Jem and Scout to be brave, they believe they are courageous for immature reasons, like touching the Radley house. The children strongly dislike Mrs. Dubose and are doubtful about her correlation to bravery until Atticus explains her fight against her morphine addiction: “You rarely win, but sometimes you do. Mrs. Dubose won, all ninety-eight pounds of her. According to her views, she died beholden to nothing and nobody. She was the bravest person I ever knew.”(112) Even though she knew she would ultimately pass away, Atticus saw it as a true sign of bravery that the children had yet to encounter. Bob Ewell is the biggest example of cowardice in the book. He is untruthful in the courtroom for the sake of defending his ego and attacks mere children as a revenge to make himself feel more masculine.
Atticus Finch, lawyer and father of Jem and Scout, believes all men are equal in the courtroom. He also believes racial equality will grow in the courtroom. Although Atticus is a lawyer, he understands situations where the law must be bent; for example, the Ewells hunting and trapping out of season: ”It’s against the law, all right,’ said my father, ‘and it’s certainly bad, but when a man spends his relief checks on green whiskey his children have a way from crying from hunger pains.”(31) Atticus and the town authority know that if Bob “Ew” Ewell was stopped from hunting out of season, his children would starve. Another example is the incident where Boo Radley protects Jem and Scout from Bob Ewell and murdered him. Although he should be put on trial, Heck Tate and Atticus understand that Boo should not encounter the public because of the town’s prejudice and easy ability to believe rumors. Heck Tate says, “I may not be much, Mr. Finch, but I’m still sheriff of Maycomb County and Bob Ewell fell on his knife. Good night, sir.”(276) Albeit arguing with a strong defense, Atticus finally gives in. Both examples are necessary reasons to bend the law.