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The world of Pride and Prejudice revolved around the relationships between its men and women. Austen made this theme obvious from the opening sentence. "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife," (3; vI chI). The pages that followed dealt almost exclusively with the problems faced when trying to acquire a wife (or husband). This quest for a spouse was made difficult by the narrow focus of the book's social gatherings. Jane and Bingley could not make their feelings for each other obvious because they were "never for many hours together; and as they always [saw] each other in large mixed parties, it [was] impossible that every moment should be employed in conversing together," (15; vI chVI).
Get original essayThis conversing together was the desired result of any gathering, because it was the only way potential suitors and suitees could get to know more about each other. Faced with life devoid of In-N-Out burgers, movie theaters, and frat parties, Jane Austen's characters resorted to attendance at balls and afternoon teas to meet and better acquaint themselves with each other. Their interaction with members of the opposite sex was limited to the pleasantries exchanged while sipping or dancing.
They knew each other almost exclusively through this polite conversation, and how well or poorly they conveyed their thoughts had a huge impact on how they were perceived. The eloquence of the characters of Pride and Prejudice, their ability to converse politely and entertain each other through interesting conversation, their wit or spirit, the extent to which they were able to show their intelligence, and their ability to convey an idea or point of view, was greatly esteemed because so much of what they knew about each other was based upon their words.
Words, or a lack thereof, earned Darcy a reputation for pride and a disagreeable nature when he refused to speak to anyone he did not already know at his first ball at Meryton. "... he is such a disagreeable man that it would be quite a misfortune to be liked by him. Mrs. Long told me last night that he sat close to her for half an hour without once opening his lips," (13; vI chV). Mrs. Bennet later added that he would have talked to Mrs. Long if he had been agreeable, making the connection between not speaking and being disagreeable is unmistakable. He was expected to converse, and his failure to do so reflected poorly upon his character. Darcy's worth in society was based upon how well he was able to express himself, and half an hour of silence with Mrs. Long greatly lessened his social worth.
Miss Bingley and Mrs. Hurst also fall victim to a character analysis based upon their conversation. Elizabeth was surprised by them when they exerted themselves so much to please, saying she "had never seen them so agreeable" and that, "Their powers of conversations were considerable," (37; vI chXI). Not only was a quiet member of society condemned, but one that was outgoing and blessed with the gift of entertaining speech was praised. In this case, two women who had put little effort into their conversations and relationship with Elizabeth up to that point, resulting in her marked dislike, suddenly decided to try to improve Elizabeth's opinion of them. This was accomplished by simply including her in an animated discussion. Elizabeth spent so much time talking with the people around her that her quality of life changed dramatically based upon how well they expressed themselves. If the people around Elizabeth could converse well and entertain, the many hours spent in conversation would pass by much more quickly and enjoyably.
An entertaining friend was worth a great deal more than a talented or pretty one when extended periods of time were spent exchanging ideas. Beauty seemed to be an emphasis in the book since many references were made to the beauty or lack of beauty where the Bennet sisters and other characters were concerned. "[Mr. Bingley] had entertained hopes of being admitted to a sight of the young ladies, of whose beauty he had heard much," (7; vI chIII). The reputation for beauty, not intelligence preceded the Bennet sisters, and yet the most desirable quality in the book is intelligence, specifically intelligence shown through conversation. Darcy fell in love not with Elizabeth's looks, although her "fine eyes" were an added bonus once he got to know her, but with her eloquence. He even said initially that, "She is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me," (9; vI chIII). Since he was later sufficiently tempted by her to propose marriage twice, something had to have changed his opinion of her. Her looks certainly did not change drastically during the course of the book; it was, rather, her conversation that won him over. Only two chapters after he told Bingley that Elizabeth did not interest him, he told Miss Bingley that she (Elizabeth) was pretty. His only exposure to her between these two events was when he, "as a step towards conversing with her himself, attended to her conversation with others," (16-17; vI chVI), and so he got to know her by simply listening to her talk. If she had spoken poorly, used bad grammar, been rude, or even not spoken, Darcy would have gotten a very different impression of her character and her intelligence, and would have found nothing to merit a change in his opinion of her. Darcy even says, after he and Elizabeth are engaged, that he fell in love with her because of the "liveliness of [her] mind," (248; vIII chXVIII). He liked the wit and, as she says, impertinence, of her conversation. Her subsequent marriage was a direct result of her intelligence, shown through her eloquence.
Darcy's eloquence, his ability to explain his actions and his history with Wickham, was also a very important part of his courtship of Elizabeth, playing a huge role in her change of heart. Elizabeth initially detested Darcy because she overheard him insult her. When her mother condemns him for not speaking at the Meryton ball, she replies by saying, "I could easily forgive his pride, if he had not mortified mine," (14; vI chV). His written words later won her over. Darcy's letter explaining both his behavior and Wickham's marked the turning point in his relationship with Elizabeth. Upon reading it "She grew absolutely ashamed of herself.--- Of neither Darcy nor Wickham could she think, without feeling that she had been blind, partial, prejudiced, absurd," (137; vII chXIII). She began to consider the unthinkable, to realize that, despite his difficulty expressing himself vocally, that he was eloquent, that he was intelligent, and that, perhaps, she had made a mistake in turning him down. She was not completely won over until he went to so much trouble to be charming to Elizabeth and her uncle and aunt when they visited his home. She realized when she was forced to leave that her feelings where Darcy was concerned had changed, that he had been very kind, and that she regretted having to leave so suddenly.
...Elizabeth felt how improbable it was that they should ever see each other again on such terms of cordiality as had marked their several meetings in Derbyshire; and as she threw a retrospective glance over the whole of their acquaintance, so full of contradictions and varieties, sighed at the perverseness of those feelings which would now have promoted its continuance and would formerly have rejoiced in its termination. (180-181; vIII chIV).
It is then that she finally saw what he was capable of and began to allow herself to fall in love. Marriage to Darcy did not seem as undesirable on reflection as it had initially, once he proved that he was intelligent and capable of interesting conversation.
Interesting conversation was really the only way Austen's characters had to display their intelligence. The only mention of university in the whole book involved Wickham. Darcy said, "My father supported him at school, and afterwards at Cambridge," (132; vII chXII), and all the female characters were taught at home if they were taught at all. Elizabeth said of her education that, "We [the Bennet sisters] were always encouraged to read, and had all the masters that were necessary. Those who chose to be idle, certainly might," (110; vII chVI). There were no science fairs, SAT scores, or class ranks to impress a prospective suitor, so everyone was forced to rely upon their rhetorical skills to show that they were indeed clever. Practical knowledge was not even very highly esteemed, as none of gentry had to make a living. None of them made serious business decisions since for the most part they were born into their money, nor were they forced to worry about the inner workings of their own homes; servants did all that thinking for them. The only thing that could be done with intelligence was talk, and so the art of talking well was nurtured.
Austen obviously valued intelligence above many other qualities that would have been arguably more useful in the same setting. Manual dexterity could have manifested itself much more obviously in needlework and other crafts than intelligence was able to show through in conversation. Coordination and a musical ear were necessary for dancing and playing an instrument, yet we know that Elizabeth did not play particularly well, and Darcy fell in love with her in spite of it. The same day Darcy first remarked on Elizabeth's "fine eyes" she played piano for the whole group, and, "her performance was pleasing, though by no means capital," (17; vI chVI). Eloquence and love were even paired together as if they were two parts of the same thing in the description of Mr. Collins's proposal to Charlotte, although this was said with tongue in cheek as it is obvious to the reader that he had a different definition of both than Elizabeth and, arguably, Austen. (83; vI chXXII). Austen was a firm believer in the power of words, and her characters showed that. Darcy said to Elizabeth, about the effect the things she said to him when refusing his proposal had on him, "Those were your words. You know not, you can scarcely conceive, how they have tortured me," (240; vIII chXVI). Austen believed that words were capable of really impacting those who heard or read them, and Darcy was evidence of that.
It is interesting that Austen placed so much importance on words and eloquence since everything we know about her characters is related to us through her words and her eloquence. Austen instilled her own priorities into her characters, and her own intelligence and wit manifests itself in Elizabeth's intelligence and wit. She says in a letter to her sister, Cassandra, after the novel was published that, "I think her [Elizabeth] as delightful a creature as ever appeared in print, & how I shall be able to tolerate those who do not like her at least, I do not know," (273; 29 Jan 1813). Elizabeth was clearly the embodiment of all the characteristics that Austen admired. Had Austen been unable to express herself so clearly and humorously, had she spent more time perfecting her embroidery or piano skills than writing, this book would not have been able to capture the reader, and would have been a failure. Luckily Austen did not perfect her embroidery. Instead she wrote and left us with a legacy of books, stories, and letters to enjoy and remember her by. Not only was eloquence important to Austen's characters, but it was obviously also important to Austen herself, since she spent so much of her life using and improving it.
All the emphasis on eloquence was not so misplaced. People in relationships now are often so busy that little time is allotted for serious conversation, and we often know little about the people we care most about. How often during the course of the day do we come across someone who has a great deal of difficulty functioning in the "real world" because he unable to express himself? Eloquence was emphasized in Pride and Prejudice because so much of what the characters knew about each other was based upon their words. Are we so different? We ought to take a cue from Jane Austen and begin making the things we say and the way we say them a little more of a priority. A focus on interesting, intellectual, clear, witty, and polite conversation would make all the trips to In-N-Out Burger much more entertaining, and much more worth our time.
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Get custom essayAusten, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Norton & Company, 2001.
It is quite easy to be a man all born with the male gender are men in society as per age. However, it's not cheap to manly in our present society, a problem that may be attributed to feminism that has negatively infiltrated our society in addition to the high-demanding social requirements on men. This piece of writing is aimed to emancipate men from the chains of self-imposed limitations, demand social expectations and change the societal perception to help men remodel the current society even with help of ladies, mothers and even their wives.
Get original essaySome view being a man as an inborn characteristic where boys do what they do like emotional suppression, playing with trucks etc because it is in their genetic constitution. A view that is based on a philosophy of feminine and masculine natures having their origin in the development of children. Others view it from the concept of not following the crowd in the desire to 'be your own man' that is to be self-assertive, in addition to being a responsible person a linking of manly personality with virtue in society. Have you ever thought of bragging to your dad of being a man by the time you are green into your adulthood only to meet a hard crush of your dad exposing your weakness of traits just to lower your perception of yourself? It's like telling you you are not still there much is still to be done to reach there.
Marriage is the basic unit of a society with many societies having the norm of role division which is a good idea. Unfortunate, many of the men have been brought up and modelled after the modern society's norm where metal yokes of demands and expectations are pheaheaheavilynecks, controlling to toto how to rto esto to pond to circumstances, how we do things at home, how we view who we are as men and the roles meant for us in the society and marriages. The flip side of this idea is that at the end of everything, we end up with over expectation in life, a low view of who we are and even end up with a miserable existing being that the society is first changing to outdated junk ideas we have of being men. Even God in search of a real man, a “man among 'many' ”, that should make up the hedge, and stand in the gap before me for the land, that I should not destroy it: but I found none. Ezekiel 22:30
It is well fit for men and boys to learn to be of service not only to their society but also to their wives and mothers. It is ideal for a man to shop grocery and to learn cookery at home. Infacttthesevities end up being sources of comfort, blessing, security and happiness both to ety and families even just because he is orhhopessse to be married to some daughter in The future. The perception of a woman's job to do cookery clean the house, and utensils while fixing and bringing money to the home is fast becoming outdated. Men should be ready to cook and doer house duties in addition to their own not only to for the adversity of life like sickness and inability of their loved ones to perform when expectant or on conception, but also to make their partners happy and more intimate. Being a man in the home setup s not defined less by the position your hold in the house or the job you do in the home but thththesees:Â Being faithful and responsible even to yourself.
Responsibility should be our portion even in our wedding. Men should learn the art of financial stability before thinking of having someone's daughter for companionship. Men should be trained to carry solely their marriage expenses and not add a burden to their family for support. This calls for ladies to urge upon their men to be responsible and to learn contentment. It is not ideal for ladies to join their men, ' come we stay' before marriage.
Why not have and plan your marriage common norm of doing things in our society. Unleash your creativity as new couples, show your ability to make yourself happy in your tivttimeimeNever let society mould your way of doing things that matter for your happiness. Learn to be happy even as you leave by your means.
Marriage barely changes a man instead it modifies our characters and adds responsibilities to us. The idea of menssuppressingir true selves for the sake of peace or their wives is not a good idea. Let young men embrace authenticity to their partners, let them be honest with who their real selves ararehat their wives will learn to live and adjust to their needs. This will go a long way in contributing to society's happiness. Marriage with its burdens hints us to balance our manhood with the extra weight of a family. He has to healthily manage his pursuits of life and emotional expression to now include others besides him.
Parents own their children all it takes to live which includes happiness, providences, love, protection among many other needs. From all arguments, the children are men's seed women are a divinely designed means to bring them to existence. Therefore all men are responsible for their children right from whom they choose to be their mother who trains them, to the character imprint they get to be large in their providences among many others.
There are a variety of cultural contexts concerning who a man is. For example, being a man in the USA is completely different from being a man in Australia. It would therefore be absurd for one to ignore their cultural aspects of manhood. However, it will be great to learn to pick the good from society and drop their flawed ideas.
It is the sole role of a responsible father to train their children and keep them from the negative influence of rn society such as a feminine mindset when it is believed that passing to the son what it takes to be a man is all the man can do in their nurturing.
Men are responsible for their roles in society and their jobs. Finding excuses for not doing your task or just failing to complete your assigned duty isn't a perfect idea of being a man. Let men learn to be responsible and trustable to reach their agreements. In case of their inability to fulfil their demands, they take care of their partners. This is based on the fact that they promised to keep them all their lives. They are to overcome their selfishness to be fulfilled at the neglect of the wive's health and happiness. They are to ensure the needs of their spouses are wholesome met even as they would like theirs fulfilled.
The key to manliness is being yourself and being responsible. Ideal men are not the circumstances of cultural demand. It is the ability to be self-assertive and decide what is right in your perception regardless of what society thinks. Being yourself may need you to go against some of the established cultural norms if you feel like they don't seem sensible to you. For example, men keep long hair because the culture dictates so you can decide to keep short hair against that absorbing cultural norm because it's ideal for you.
The virtue of being faithful to yourself is like creating boundaries of what you expect to be done and in which way you will want it done. That means to ensure your time and words are kept by you. Not allowing your comfort boundaries crossed without becoming reasonably defensive in case of such situations. It is just to maintain your positive self-esteem not allowing it to be influenced by every circumstance that comes across.
A real man is he who strives to be his best by being who he wants to be and not what the society or majority portray of being a man. This is not to mean excluding yourself from the good influence of the society but being part of the society in upholding their good. It means doing things positive things your way. It means maintaining your post of action.
To end up, the society is made of people of all classes, gender and ages who regard or connect themselves to a particular single origin. Though we may have a common notion that the society even of this century derives value from education, technology and science, the real gold of the society is the quality of people it nurtures. The society in past has been riddled with issues of equality of all genders that has almost obliterated the true position of men in our modern society. Our focus today is on men moving on to address who the real men in our society are and what it means to be manly.
Embedded systems have come a long way since their inception. Today, some toilets and toasters can tweet about what they’re upto. From smart clothing to smart banking, embedded systems have accentuated technology’s growth by manifold
Get original essayWith growth and advancements in the field of electronics, wireless communications, networking, cognitive and affective computing and robotics, devices around you communicate in more ways than you ever imagined. Those times are not very distant when every object around us will have a small processor/sensor embedded within itself, invisible to us but still communicating with all other The future of embedded systems lies in the advancement of technologies that enable faster communications, heavy data storage capacities and highly interwoven connections among the devices. Before diving into the enormous number of applications of embedded systems, let’s discuss the seven buzzwords that will define the future of embedded systems.
Ubiquitous Computing is a branch of computing that focuses on interconnected and communicating devices carefully integrated into the objects we interact with in our daily lives. These objects can be anything right from your clothes to your toasters and coffee mugs. Smart phones and tablets are currently the obvious targets for applications aiming at ubiquitous computing, but in the future, don’t be surprised if your game console talks to your smart phone’s calendar about how “busy” you are today. The term Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp), also known as Pervasive Computing, was coined around 1988 by Mark Weiser when he was heading the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).
Sentient Computing is another form of ubiquitous computing which involves using various kinds of sensors to sense the environment and react accordingly. All over the world, research institutions and universities are working on Ubicomp’s possibilities, bringing us more and more applications of everyday devices communicating with each other. With advancement in cloud computing, applications of ubiquitous computing got a real boost. Apple’s iCloud is a very basic implementation of ubiquitous computing which integrates all your Apple devices seamlessly and maintains unified data among all those devices.
Intelligent devices are devices that have the ability to think, or simply put are “things that think”. These devices use a combination of technology, algorithms and embedded hardware to replicate what was once thought to be an activity exclusive to living beings with brains. Today, there are machines that can do your thinking for you. MIT Media Lab is working on this “Things that think” idea and aims at creating environments that enable this way of thinking.
Whether it’s a simple device such as iLumi (an intelligent light bulb that can be operated via an Android app to create different lighting environments) or a device as complex as PETMAN (an anthropomorphic robot that can detect any chemical leaks in its costume – useful for testing chemical protection clothing), intelligent devices will soon be everywhere. This ultra-high level of intelligence in machines poses concerns of security and privacy.
The Internet of Things is a technology revolution that began just a few years ago. It’s gradually sneaking into our lives and will soon be a reality. Introduced by Kevin Ashton from Procter & Gamble in 1989, Internet of Things or IoT is a concept that involves connecting the internet to physical devices such as home appliances and manufacturing machines. With cloud computing and increasing access to fast speed internet everywhere around the world, the Internet of Things will soon be more than just a concept. IOT is no more a discussion with platforms such as Cosm that allow data and devices to be connected in all new ways and OSes such as Contiki that are dedicated to developing apps that realise the concept.
Your smart phone communicates with your chair about your sitting posture, with satellite receivers to know the right temperature and your cooking gas to know whether the dish you left to simmer on it is burning; in case of a fire hazard, it will communicate with the respective fire control agency in your zone. Businesses have realised the importance of IoT and there are consultancy firms already that specialise in helping you apply IoT at your organization.
Cyber physical systems form an important part of Internet of Things. These systems are backed by powerful computation and fast communication and aim at integrating the physical and cyber world into one. Cyber physical systems can be used for precision-based tasks such as in the implementation of robotic arms, exploration-based tasks in areas inaccessible to humans, creating and deploying energy efficient systems as well as for easing daily life activities.
These systems have also found application in exploring outer space. Mars exploration rover, Curiosity employs an intelligent cyber physical system to automatically navigate the surface of Mars and changes its location according to lighting and weather conditions. Cyber physical systems are challenging to implement as they involve a combination of advanced hardware and software needs. These systems come across issues relating to privacy, security and flexibility due to their high level of complexity.
Context awareness, in terms of computing, was introduced by Bill Schilit in 1994. Anind Dey from Carnegie Mellon University defines context as any information related to the situation of an object at an instant of time. Context awareness is an added layer of intelligence to ubiquitous computing and aims at making devices more aware of their surrounding environments.
In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself, the mental life of the narrator is both a complex voice and a powerful tool. Douglass is consumed by seemingly contradictory roles. His literacy and eloquence cast him outside the group he attempts to represent. Therefore, he must craft his character and narrative voice in a state of constant duality. This duality is in the space between his slave life and his free life, his ignorance and his education, his story and his purpose. He needs to communicate an authentic slave life to qualify as a representative of the slave community. But to appeal to his white audience, he must retain this authenticity despite the intellectual growth that will set him apart from his fellow slaves. The separation from the group is both dangerous for his legitimacy and necessary for observation. Douglass must be detached from his slave history without losing his connection to it. He also lifts himself closer to his white audience while remaining an obviously separate entity. He is simultaneously narrating a story, acting as protagonist, and defending an argument. He embraces this complex voice in establishing a narrator stuck between two distinctly separate realms.
Get original essayIt is crucial to note that Douglass' narrative is a tool in this fight for freedom, and he is thus admittedly invested in making it convincing. The narrative voice he adopts speaks to this task. He is careful to craft a particular mentality that dually renders him authentic in representing a slave's life and qualified to win the respect of readers. His position as both observer and participant is carefully cultivated until the reader is convinced he has a distinct perspective: he can experience and analyze at the same time. Douglass skillfully separates from and identifies with the slaves in his life story. He will refer to slaves just like him as 'Colonel Lloyd's slaves,' and a few lines earlier he had referred to his own position as one of these slaves as 'my stay on Colonel Lloyd's plantation' (2011). This is one example of a subtle swaying in the narrator's voice, when Douglass occupies the roles of both visitor and participant.
He cultivates this double voice from the very beginning of his Narrative. Early in his life story, even though he is still a slave, he will often refer to 'the slaves' as though he is outside of this group. One example of this observer-quality is in the section on slave songs, 'to which [he traces his] first glimmering conception of the dehumanizing character of slavery' (2006). Douglass causes his non-slave readers to experience this glimmer by aligning his perspective with theirs. He is an innocent observer impressed by something completely unfamiliar. This childhood gaze is thus a useful tool, as it connects Douglass to his audience by paralleling their innocent state. He separates himself from his fellow slaves without losing his qualification as an authentic member of their community. His language constructs a state of hovering somewhere above or outside of the group he is actually a part of: "They would make the dense old woods, for miles around, reverberate with their wild songs, revealing at once the highest joy and the deepest sadness. They would compose and sing as they went along, consulting neither time nor tune." (2005). Douglass clearly shuts himself out of this group with the repeated "they"s. His separation seems entirely natural because he is a child among adults. Observation is his natural state in this phase. The exaggeration in phrases like 'for miles around,' 'highest joy' and 'deepest sadness,' construct the necessary tone of childlike revelation. Not only is he realistically separating himself to observe and narrate, but he is separating himself by means of the perspective that is most accessible to the wide-eyed white reader's point of view.
Although the naïve voice is useful in being familiar to his audience, Douglass carefully prevents readers from assuming too much familiarity. He must dwell in the space squarely between slave and non-slave to adequately represent one group and win the ear of the other. Moments after he has set-up his stance as innocent exterior observer, Douglass will include himself in the group he is watching. Now, unlike his audience, he is "within the circle; so that [he] neither saw nor heard as those without might see and hear" (2006). This disclaimer achieves several important aspects of Dougless' task. He explicitly states that his experience is exclusive and somehow mysterious to drive home the authenticity of his voice. He is defining the distinct realms of 'within' and 'without' the slave experience to highlight his special status as somebody straddling two worlds. Despite the fact that he was separating himself from those within this very 'circle' to adequately narrate their actions and strengthen the appeal of his argument, he easily steps back into the circle to become protagonist and representative. This shifting back and forth between 'within' and 'without' is a constant and vital aspect of the Narrative. He is consistently working to tell a good story and make a good point.
Douglass' distinctive within/without voice is not only applied to his role as slave, but is also suggestive of his status among his readers. The white readership is as distinct and exclusive a category as the slave 'circle.' And his role within this new group is similarly singular and unique. His eloquence and education align him with the culture he is speaking to. Like the childhood voice had paralleled their gaze, his establishment of an intellectual life serves to qualify an analyzing mind. Once again, he is doubly supporting the narrative and the argument. His intellectual drive is an important force in his character development. Reading and learning become necessary to Douglass' survival, which he suggests by often comparing them to food. He tells of trading actual bread at a young age for reading lessons, which he deems "that more valuable bread of knowledge" (2017). Later, Douglass claims that the "Liberator" newspaper "became my meat and my drink" (2053). He is a man who is starving for education. The intensity of his desire explains the great lengths he has come, once again authenticating his life story. He is infusing a political message with humanity by showing us the motivations and experiences of his protagonist. Throughout the Narrative, Douglass insists that the mind must be liberated before the slave can be free. His life is essentially enacting this theory. We are reading the very proof as we come to understand the concept, again experiencing duality. Douglass' intellectual pursuits also serve to qualify his theories by reminding us that he is an educated speaker despite his slave beginnings. Like the typical college diploma on an office wall, proof of his education is intended to trigger a heightened level of respect for his ideas.
Douglass understands that this unique mental life makes him not simply an observer, but a leader. He rises above average slaves, again aligning his gaze with his white readers. By emphasizing his ability to communicate ideas to his fellow slaves, he is in a sense selling his own capacity for persuasion. He remains entirely within and without the group, both exceptional and equal:
"I bent myself to devising ways and means for our escape, and meanwhile strove, on all fitting occasions, to impress them with the gross fraud and inhumanity of slavery. I went first to Henry, next to John, then to the others. I found, in them all, warm hearts and noble spirits. They were ready to hear, and ready to act when a feasible plan should be proposed. This was what I wanted. I talked to them of our want of manhood if we submitted, to our enslavement without at least one noble effort to be free. We met often, and consulted frequently and told our hopes and fears, recounted the difficulties, real and imagined, which we should be called to meet." (2037-38)
Here the shift from 'I' to 'we' as subject flows seamlessly and contributes subtly to the double narrative voice. This moment parallels the action of the Narratives. The 'they' could describe his white audience as they read his ideas just as 'they' is referring to a slave audience that listens to his ideas. The reader can easily see themselves reflected in the innocent faces turned searchingly upon Douglass. Therefore, this move from 'I' to 'we' becomes suggestive of inclusion in the non-slave community, since they are his current audience. He is also preaching to this new community, and he is supplying his past experience as an example of his credibility. Just as education merits his ideas, a history of leadership lifts his message to a more authoritative realm.
Although he gets high enough to look down and comment, Douglass is not so separate as to feel comfort in his superiority. Even when he is placing himself outside the slave community, he does not forget their plight. He is again both within and without when he says "I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without the remedy. It opened my eyes to the horrible pit, but to no ladder upon which to get out. In moments of agony, I envied my fellow-slaves for their stupidity" (2018). The term 'stupidity' is a strong one and again casts him far enough outside his group to sneer at it. His 'wretched condition,' 'horrible pit,' and 'moments of agony,' all feed his narrative thrust. The reader writhes with this protagonist and longs for his release. In terms of supporting his abolitionist cause, Douglass is putting a certain degree of responsibility in the hands of his audience. The pain that comes with the cultivated mind only illuminates the comfortable passivity of countless white minds. He is drawing a direct path from education to anti-slavery. And since his white audience is an educated one, there is a subtle suggestion that their understanding of slavery's irrational evil should be a natural conclusion. In such an incomprehensible situation, intellectual superiority is both a privilege and a burden. This is a very elegant manner of scolding the passive, educated class of white readers for wasting the privileges they reserve.
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Get custom essayThe Narrative of the Life provides a compelling argument because it puts this absolutely unique mind on display. Douglass connects with his readers on a narrative level and provides a privileged vantage point into an exclusive world. His constant shifting between the categories of slave and non-slave never casts him as an average member of either group. Whether connecting with his past in slavery, or embracing his future in freedom, Douglass' distinctive voice remains consistent. Whichever group he is identifying with, he must hover just outside of, in a kind of inevitable limbo. He is always both within and without a circle, above and beneath an oppressor, immersed and outside of a cultural category. This double narrative voice is a perfect display of the ultimate point: to the cultivated mind, slavery is a paradox. Douglass is ingenious in using this crippling paradox to his benefit, and the benefit of his text.
Jeffrey Arnett defined the theory of emerging adulthood as a developmental period of identity exploration, instability, self-focused behaviors and thoughts, a feeling of being in-between adolescence and adulthood, and an overwhelming sense of optimism for the future. Furthermore, there is time throughout life for improving and changing one’s mindset and behavior. Emerging adults explore who they are or want to be, tend to no longer feel like adolescents but do not yet consider themselves as having reached adulthood, are extremely optimistic about their own life goals and opportunities, focus on their own needs and desires, and experiment with different life pathways. To my belief the theory is indeed an accurate reflection of the experiences of 18 to 25-year-olds.
Get original essayThe developmental stage discovered the decreasing of expression of angry and high levels of depression, especially for women (Zimmermann et al, 2014). Also emotional stability has not been established during emerging adulthood. Relationships with parents and peers are essential aspects in adolescents’ identity development. Young adolescents must be confident that they have parental support, must have an established sense of industry, and must be able to take a self-reflective stance toward the future. A study by Sussman et al discovered that poor communication between mothers and adolescents, as well as with friends, was linked to less positive identity development. A recent study found that an open, active exploration of identity when adolescents are comfortable with close friends contributes to the positive quality of the friendship.
Depending on age-specific biological, social, or environmental resources, and their age-specifically associated options, goals, and restrictions, emotion regulation strategies vary in functionality for different emotions. A 124 studies discovered that during adolescence and emerging adulthood, identity, temporary, prohibition status rose steadily to age 19 and then declined; identity achievement rose across late adolescence and emerging adulthood; and foreclosure and diffusion statuses fluctuated in emerging adulthood.
Increased complexity in the reasoning skills of college students combined with a wide range of new experiences that highlight contrasts between home and college and between themselves and others stimulate them to reach a higher level of integrating various dimensions of their identity. Such behaviors include binge drinking, marijuana use, uncontrollable sleep schedules, or anything to raise their popularity status. Sussman et al suggested students moving out of the parental home and attending college have been related to increased substance use. Emerging adulthood is perhaps the only or main period of life in which risky behavior is most tolerated or promoted as a means to maximize “growing up emerging adults are at an increased risk of experiencing problems if they are male, have substance-dependent parents, demonstrate externalizing behaviors during adolescence, have favorable attitudes toward substance use, exhibit a lack of belief in conformity or the moral order, have low commitment to school, or if they had used substances during adolescence (Zimmermann, 2014). One study discovered that entry out of emerging adulthood into young adult social contexts may be predictive of lower levels of substance involvement such as engaging in work, marriage, and graduating from college.
East Asian adolescents and emerging adults may develop their identity through identification with and imitation of others in their cultural group. Identity development may take longer in some countries than in others. It has been discovered that Italian youth may postpone significant identity exploration beyond adolescence and emerging adulthood, settling on an identity until their mid- to late-twenties. In addition, many Italian youths live at home with their parents until 30 years of age and older.
Certain factors have influenced the occurrence of emerging adulthood. the decision between two or more sources of identification—their own ethnic group and the mainstream, or dominant, culture. The time of your birth and generation is another influence. First-generation immigrants are likely to be secure in their identities and unlikely to change much; they may or may not develop a new identity. For second-generation immigrants, ethnic identity is likely to be linked to retention of their ethnic language and social networks. Third generations and after are considered to be more influenced by social media and major social groups.
A study developed by Seiter et al, revealed that the majority of the 18- to 26-year-olds studied felt that they had achieved adulthood and emphasized attributes needed to fulfill family roles as characteristics necessary for adulthood. Differences in optimism levels were found between students and nonstudents. Hinduism, caste, gendered socialization, and the educational system, are discussed as being possible explanations for the discoveries.
To conclude, some view emerging adulthood as a period of insightful transitions and others view it as being one of the most freighting periods they will have to go through. Major population?level demographic shifts including increases in postsecondary education and delays in marriage and childbearing have occurred, which has opened space for the emerging adulthood developmental phase (Nelson et al, 2012). Researcher have discovered that emotion regulation is a hard manner to overcome in emerging adulthood, but an individual may show signs of increased stability, and growth. Emerging adulthoods’ level of seeking social support in fearful situations is compared to early adolescents’ level. Allem et al discussed that further understanding of transition-to-adulthood themes among emerging adults may lead to better informed prevention programs that will eventually lead to a decrease in the prevalence of substance use among this target population. Nelson et al also discussed that there is work that needs to be done to understand better how the unique characteristics of emerging adulthood may contribute to establishing long?term behavioral patterns and the possible vulnerability of this life stage to various influences.
In the past several decades, technology has had a dramatic impact on human resource management (HR) processes and practices. For example, technology, especially the World Wide Web, has helped modify many HR processes including human resource planning, recruitment, selection, performance management, work flow, and compensation. These new systems have enabled HR professionals to provide better service to all of their stakeholders (e.g., applicants, employees, managers), and reduced the administrative burden in the field. Despite the widespread use of these systems, there has been a surprising dearth of theory and research on the topic. As a result, the purpose of this special issue is to (a) advance theory and research on Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) (b) offer new directions for research on the topic (c) enhance the effectiveness of these systems in organizations.
Get original essayAs a result, this article reviews the evolution of emerging technologies in HRIS, provides a brief overview of the trends in the Technology.
HR technology can be defined as any technology that is used to attract, hire, retain, and maintain human resources, support HR administration, and optimize HRM. This technology can used in different types of human resource information systems (HRIS) and by various stakeholders, such as managers, employees, and HR professionals. This technology can be accessed in different ways. There is no doubt that technology has made it easier and faster to gather, collate, and deliver information and communicate with employees. More importantly, it has the potential to reduce the administrative burden on the HR department so it is better able to focus on more meaningful HR activities, such as providing managers with the expertise they need to make more effective HR related decisions.
Research has indicated that companies who effectively use technology to manage their HR functions will have a significant advantage over those that do not. However, not all companies have the latest and greatest technology, nor do all companies need the most advanced technology, but all companies do have HR-related information needs. Consider the information needs of a small company as opposed to a large organization of 3000 employees. A small company may use a simple Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel file to keep basic employee data, whereas a company with 3000 employees manages a greater volume of data. This activity can be daunting without a more sophisticated tool to store and retrieve data. We can reflect on the various levels of sophistication by examining the evolutionary aspects of HR technology. These aspects can be characterized into four stages of development: (1) paper-based systems (2) early personal computer (PC) technolog (3) electronic databases (4) Web-based technology.
Our analysis is based on a review of refereed articles, discussion papers and short papers in key academic journals from the past 10 years. While the use of just 10 years mans we can only offer a snapshot view, it does enable us to identify those issues that are current on the research agenda, and those that are not.
Key Features of Hris
The HRIS is made up of a number of subsystems, and data can be stored, maintained, and generated from the system. These data can be used to create information that will serve different purposes for many different stakeholders. The HRIS can do the following: 1. Create and maintain employee records 2. Ensure legal compliance 3. Enable managers to forecast and plan future HR requirements 4. Provide information to managers and HR so they can manage knowledge and manage talent (career and succession planning) 5. Provide information to enable HR plans and activities to align more effectively with the organization’s strategic plan 6. Assist managers with decision making by providing relevant data so they can make more effective and informed decisions.
Emerging Technologies in Hris
The world of technology and mobile computing has made the concept of “traditional workspace” a thing of past. Today, employees can work from anywhere at any time. Technology has completely redefined the role of human resources all over the world. Recent advances in technology have transformed nearly every aspect of HR, right from sourcing to performance management. Some industry experts opined that technology is one factor that is impacting the HR department to a great extent. The wave of technological transformation impacts the organizations in two ways- Firstly, it would offer numerous tools to better manage and engage the talent in organizations. Secondly, it is helping HR managers to shift their focus from managing workforce to driving profits to the company.
Impact of Technology on Human Resource The following are a few technological trends that bring a major change in human resources management software and industry: Big Data Powers Organization: Ensuring compliance and avoiding risk are the two key underlying aspects for every function and task. However, technology has transformed the monotony through HR platforms that digitize the information human resource needs. One such technological trend is Big Data, which is helping HR professionals to understand their customers, market to target audience group and communicate with prospective customers. When integrated with other technologies, Big Data helps to gain a deep insight and allows HR professionals to make decisions powered by vital information. Mobile Apps are the Future: Smartphone is likely to dominate the HR landscape this year. As the workforce across various operations seeking access to applications via mobile devices, companies are considering to adapt their HR systems. Delivering this kind of functionality implies that organizations will consider HR applications with mobilization process and the interface that employees are looking for.
More on, the trend of creating applications that streamlines the basic HR functionality continues to evolve. Today, mobile apps have become essential for every application that a company develops. Social Media – A powerful tool: Social media plays an active in HR today, especially when it comes to recruitment. Around a quarter of employers are using social media channels like Facebook and LinkedIn to recruit staff. HR departments can use social media not only for recruitment and also for employee engagement. It is considered as a prime source for companies to reach their HR goals. Enterprises can use social media channels to reach target audience with job postings and other company related information. Few organizations use social media to tell their organization’s success story through photos, blog posts, Tumblr and Pinterest pages. And, job seekers are using these social networks to find about the company. It’s a good source to know what current and potential employees are saying about your company.
Cloud Changes the Game: Be it a web application or a native application, SaaS apps play a key role in every sector including the Human Resource Department. Cloud-based applications are inevitable in today’s business environment. Collection and data storage have been so difficult until the evolution of cloud. With the advent of cloud technologies, all the information such as documents and other pertinent information can be easily accessed online. Employee information can be archived and organized in a secure location. Software as a Service Applications The following are a few SaaS applications that help the HR department: - LinkedIn Recruiting Service: LinkedIn is termed as a processionals network and helps recruiting departments by providing the resources required to find and recruit candidates. In this way, a recruiter can easily find candidates with relevant profiles. - Lucidchart: Lucidchart is a SaaS application that allows users to draw flowcharts and diagrams. It is mainly used to create organizational chart and mind-mapping. Google Docs: Google Docs allows you to share information easily across businesses. Google Docs help you streamline the process and make data collection much easier. One area where Google Docs play a key role in HR is performance evaluation. Google Forms: Google Forms allows HR departments to send every employee a question and response form with questions. When employees submit their responses, the results will be saved in Google Doc template. T
he Google doc will be emailed to the respective manager for further review. In this way, a performance review process can be made more efficient and paperless. This is just a case, and there are thousands of other options where Google Docs can streamline HR processes. Bring Your Own Technology (BYOT): Most companies love the innovation that can make their products work smarter. BYOT has become a new trend today, and companies started embracing it due to the level of convenience it brings to businesses.However, security is one of the top most concerns for businesses. Companies that develop the concept of BYOT should make sure that their policies include guidelines for protecting confidential data and ensure proper measures are put in place if their device is lost or stolen. Wearable Technology: Top companies like Google, Apple, and Microsoft have started introducing wearable technology in all the devices. These wearable devices can make your employees stay connected and improve time management. Infact, wearable technologies provide a wealth of opportunities for employee engagement, including increased productivity, benefit incentives and security. Wearable devices not only improve communication and also enhance operational efficiencies. Implications of Technological Disruption Digital drives many significant implications for both business and human resource department. Take a look at few advantages - For Human resource - Almost every aspect of the HR will be streamlined - Collaboration and new organization structure will be evolved - HR can analyze employee data, and create customized talent offerings
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Get custom essayTechnology plays a crucial role in transforming human resources management software and operations from personnel management to business execution, technology itself does not create this change. HR managers must leverage technology to drive a real value to the business. Digital technologies facilitate greater integration and flexibility, thus allowing employees to have great voice and share their work experience. Technology is poised to disrupt HR and redefine the future of human resource department. As HR continues to adopt the change, the enterprise will become smarter. Employee engagement and culture management drives HR in ever-changing landscape. Business mainly depends on three things-defining strategy, asset management and driving business execution. By the virtue of technology, HR for the first time in the history is playing a true leadership role in business execution.
Emma’s Bakery, is a registered company engaged in the production of organic, healthy and premium foods in Abuja and environs. The company focuses on providing nicely healthy baked and pastries food nationwide.
Get original essayEmma’s Bakery will served healthy baked pastries food including bread, croissant, local chips, cookies, cakes, etc, to its esteem customers. All the ingredient of our products will be 100% organic and natural. Our products will have different variety of regular and low fat. In addition to the product offer by the company, we intend to engage in catering service and promoting of local spice. Target Customer Emma’s Bakery aim to serve resident within Abuja and expand to neighbouring state in the near future. The demography of the customer focus are as follows:
The company is led by Emma Osita, a food and culinary expert with 15 years’ experience. He is the Managing Director. He will be assisted by Mrs. Ebuehi Roland who has 10 years’ experience in Culinary Training locally and internationally. She has an in-depth theoretical and practical knowledge of baking and catering services.
Emma’s Bakery, Catering & Spice Company is destined to succeed due to the following reasons:» The management staff are well grounded and known to have successful run bakery business for over 10 years’.» The location of the bakery is central to both residential and commercial activities such as government institutions, schools and estates;» We focus on healthy and organic bakery food production» Our community service program will be effective as it address simple but critical environmental issues.
The company is for seeking for ten million naira (N10, 000, 000. 00) to launch its operation. The fund will specifically use for the following transactions:
• Structural design of the bakery - N3, 000, 000 .00• Working capital: N500, 000 to pay for Marketing, staff salaries, and rent until Emma’s Bakery break-even to build her own building structure. The main projections over the next five years are as follows: FY1 FY2 FY3 FY4 FY5Revenue Total
Emma’s Bakery is a registered Nigeria company to specialize in production of upscale healthy and organic bakery food ranging from Bread, snacks, small chops, cakes and sandwich. We also sell breakfast and lunch and eatery service to our customers. Our business expand to provision of coffee and drinks to our prospective customers. The company was established by Emmanuel Osita, He has been in bakery business for 15 years working for local and international bakery companies. It is this experience that will be bring to fore in running the business. He has learnt a lot from the bakery business management of successful company within and outside the country. Mr. Emmauel Osita is supported by Mrs. Nneka Roland, who has vast knowledge of experience in teaching culinary and bakery course in the university. She will be her knowledge in theoretical and practical skills from the class to the progress of the business. She is a sound personality, she managed and coordinate the department of Culinary at the University of Abuja.
The company adopted a demographics and competitive situations in the Wuse area of Abuja and the location of the company serve as competitive advantage to the company because of the population density of area. The selection of this location is based on painstaking survey conducted for three (3) months.
After several years’ experience in working for both local and International bakery company, Mr. Emmanuel decided to start a bakery business that will focus in producing healthy, organic and locally spiced bakery food for prospective customers. The company aim to start operation in the population density area of Wuse, Abuja, because of the increase level of commercial activities and residential advantage. The decision to start the business came as a result of the active involvement of Mr. Emmanuel in running a lot of successful bakery company in Nigeria and several part of Europe when he was studying in the London.
The company aim to establish the following activities within the first six month of operations:
The company has developed a clear menu base on prospective customer demand. All the products are organic and naturally based. The products are categorise on under the following heading:
The company will be built on 3, 000 hectares of land with the following facilities:
Emma’s Bakery will compete directly or indirectly with nearby food chain businesses in Wuse axis. The competitor will come from food services provider offering organic and natural food including supermarkets, restaurants, and coffee shops.
Bread and other bakery products are basic staple food in Nigeria. They are easily access than any other food by the poor and rich in the country. With over 190 million Nigeria population, there’s a huge market for the bakery products. The Premium Breadmakers Association of Nigeria (PBAN, 2018) stated that its members alone has gainfully created seven hundred thousand (700, 000) direct and indirect jobs in Nigeria. Klyveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler (KPMG, 2016) report revel that the bakery industry in Nigeria is growing at 72% rate and with market value of $621 million dollars and this is expected to grow with pari passu the population. Euromonitor (2017) report indicates that baked goods in Nigeria is expected to increase in sales over the stated forecast period with a value of CAGR 6% at constant in 2017.
Emma’s Bakery will serve Wuse and the entire of Abuja FCT resident. The company will serve the corporate and government agencies around the Federal Capital Territory through mobile delivery system. The area will aim to serve is dominated by the affluent and close to local market where we can easily access organic and natural ingredient for our bakery production. The demographic status to be cover is as follows:
Total Population Number Male 90, 000
Female 130, 000
Age Bracket
Under 10 years 40, 00011
Under 29 years 68, 00030
Under 45 years 75, 000
Above 46 years 25, 000
Focus Group
Private Firm 256
Government Agencies 109
Cooperative Society 47NGO’s 34
Income Level
Low income 40, 000
Medium 79, 000
High income 157, 000
School Category
Primary 45 Secondary 65Training Institutions 34Emma’s Bakery primary target is categorized into four namely:
Conservative Stay At Home Residents: These group of people are always indoor either watching television or reading books or magazines. We aim to reach this group by advertising on the community websites and providing home delivery services. This will encourage by collecting money on delivery options.
Early Morning Commuters: This category of people leave their house for office early. We intend to target these people by offering them breakfast.
Private and Public company workers: We aim to provide lunch and dinner for these category of individual. There are approximately 10, 000 workers working in both private and public agency in Wuse Area of Abuja.
Schools: There are over 50 private and public schools in Wuse. The company aim to target the students, teachers and non-teaching staff of these schools by given them friendly and pocket attractive bakery products.
Emma’s Bakery identified the following retailers and stores located within a 3 mile away from our proposed factory location. These retail businesses will serve as direct and indirect competitors to our company.
The Oceanic Bakery is strategically located in the central area of Wuse Zone 4. The company is a leader in grocery and bakery product business in Abuja, with 15 years’ experience. Oceanic Bakery offers a wide range of bakery products. Despite been successful, the bakery 15% of its product are made with organic and natural ingredient. They also offer limited variety of bakery items including 2 types of bread, 2 types of cookies, 1 form of Cake. However, Emma’s bakery aim to offer numerous items in different categories of its menu.
Amigo Supermarket is a retail store with facility for bakery related products. They specifically focuses on bread and desserts. However, they have more advantage than Oceanic bakery because of their nearness to many corporate office workers who lovers of bakery products. This is evidence in the number of customers that patronize the bakery.
BON Supermarket is located three stores away to the West of our bakery. BON bakery has been operating for over 10 years and the business has been successful primary due to central location of the business across busy business area of Wuse. They offer breakfast and Croissant as well as Bagies to their customer. Although the company continue to grow due to their strong customer base and relationship. We hope to obtain some customers with a strong base on providing quality healthy and organic bakery products to our prospective customers.
Emma’s Bakery had a great competitive advantages to its competitors in the following area:
Emma’s Bakery have a cutting edge marketing plan that will guarantee the success of the business. This strategy has been tested and deliver effectively. It is customized to fit the characteristics of the environment where we operate.
The company has developed a success proof unique value prepositions based on the following model:
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Get custom essayEmma’s Bakery target market include individuals, corporate organization and government institutions that are 6 mile away from the business location. The strategy to be adopted to reach these categories of customers will be combine online and offline strategy which include:
In the unforgiving austerity of the Wyoming plains, two men, liberated from the confines of society, find love in a time and place where their passion has dire consequences. In the short story “Brokeback Mountain” by Annie Proulx, the main character, Ennis Del Mar, is an orphan who left High School to make a living as a ranch hand. He falls in love with Jack Twist, a more sociable and animated man whose “ideas… never come to pass”. The two love each other intensely and always recalled the season they spent together on Brokeback Mountain while working for a cattle rancher. Years later, when Ennis finds out that Jack has died, his heart breaks and he constantly dreams of the days and nights he and Jack were together. While the storyline itself is thought-provoking, the techniques used by Proulx help create a profoundly emotional and poignant story in just a few short pages. Short stories are different than novels and each author has his/her own way to create the most well-rounded story in only a limited amount of pages. Wallace Stegner, author of the novels Angle of Repose and Big Rock Candy Mountain, as well as several collections of short stories, believed that all well written short stories have similar properties. Proulx uses Stegner’s properties, as well as other literary devices including point of view and setting, in “Brokeback Mountain” to convey the main idea of the story that repression leads to emotional desolation.
Get original essayAnnie Proulx wrote “Brokeback Mountain” in the third person limited point of view so that the reader can emotionally connect and empathize with the main characters, Ennis and Jack. All stories have a point of view and it is up to the author to decide which character, if any, is the right person to tell the story. Proulx’s use of third person limited in “Brokeback Mountain” aligns with Stegner’s opinion on perspective, “A good writer is not really a mirror; he is a lens. One mirror is like another, a mechanical reflector, but a lens may [vary]…. Fiction is only as good as its maker. It sees only with the clarity that he is capable of, and it perpetuates his astigmatisms”. Proulx uses Ennis’ perspective as a lens and not a mirror due to the fact that the story is not solely about Ennis’ life, but explores the lives of others, especially Jack. If the point of view were a mirror, there would be no mention of what Jack was doing and would only be a reflection of Ennis’ thoughts. This literary technique also reinforces Proulx’s point that both Jack and Ennis are victims of their own repressed emotions. There are only a few times in the story when the story is not told through Ennis. This occurs when Ennis’ view alone cannot provide the reader with important information about the characters and the point of view changes. When Jack and Ennis first express physical interest in each other, they are nervous and unsure about it because they know that their society would not accept them as lovers. Ennis’ insecurity about his feelings for Jack confuse him and Proulx shifts the point of view to third person omniscient to allow the reader to more fully understand what is happening in the story between Jack and Ennis. The first time the reader sees beyond what Ennis does is when the reader learns that their boss, Joe Aguirre, watches as they have sex, “They (Jack and Ennis) believed themselves invisible, not knowing Joe Aguirre had watched them through his 10×42 binoculars for ten minutes one day” (6). While Jack and Ennis believe themselves to be hidden away in the mountains, beyond anyone’s view, the reader knows this is not true and the seeds of fear that something bad is coming are planted. This is an example of Jack and Ennis’ innocence since they have no control over where they are from, what time period they were born into, and their sexuality. If a few words could summarize these characters’ tragic relationship it would be, “believed themselves invisible”. “Invisible” implies that they wanted to disappear and that is most likely due to society’s pressure to be heterosexual, or at least not homosexual. Invisible is an ironic word to choose when explaining their relationship since by the end of the story, it is implied that Jack’s death was because of his sexuality. Jack and Ennis unconsciously choose to be unaware of their apparent love and desire for one another. Since the story is limited to Ennis’ feelings, the reader has a better understanding that he and Jack are in denial concerning their sexuality, “‘I’m not no queer,’ and Jack jumped in with ‘Me neither. A one-shot thing. Nobody’s business but ours’”(6). They so passionately love each other, but where they thought they were most safe, on Brokeback Mountain, they were actually the most exposed, since Joe watches them. The fact that the story is told in third person omnipresent allows the reader to obtain some of Ennis’ inner most thoughts. However, it is not only the thoughts that the reader understands, it is also his emotions. While this is an example of how Proulx’s technique on using point of view to align with Stegner’s idea of a short story, it also contributes to the main idea of the passage. The time they spent together on Brokeback Mountain had to end, but Ennis could not have anticipated the sorrow and pain he experiences as the two men part ways. “ Within a mile Ennis felt like someone was pulling his guts out… He stopped at the side of the road and, in the whirling new snow, tried to puke but nothing came up. He felt about as bad as he ever had and it took a long time for the feeling to wear off” (8). While his grief appears only to be physical, it is also emotional. If the story were told from another point of view, it would only be suggested that Ennis is suffering; the depth of his pain would not be as well communicated. The reader would not have known that the relationship was not entirely sexual if it simply reflected the men’s life like a mirror. When Proulx writes, “He felt about as bad as he ever had”, the reader is not only seeing his pain, but also feeling it. Ennis is a strong character and the typical American’s idea on what a cowboy is. He has been beaten up, starved, and greets death as if it were a friend, but the fact that he falls apart as he watches his partner leave is both heartbreaking and revealing of his true character. Empathizing with Ennis and understanding how helpless he is against his desire was one of Proulx’s goals. In Stegner’s opinion, “a lens may vary” and in “Brokeback Mountain” the reader understands and witnesses who Ennis genuinely is through this lens. The reader discovers that Ennis is not only repressed by society, but he also rejects his own desires by isolating himself from the only person that truly matters to him: Jack.
Setting is used to describe the physicality of a scene. “Brokeback Mountain” takes place in Wyoming where the vastness of the landscape creates distance between people physically, but not socially. Setting can also be the time period and since Proulx wrote this story over the course of twenty years, the reader has a better understanding of the emotional pain Ennis has been through. Proulx could have easily written a shorter, more compact story about Jack and Ennis’ relationship during their time together as sheep herders, but instead she decided to use a more complex method. The physical setting of Wyoming and how it transforms from flat plains to elevated mountains and cliffs represents Jack and Ennis’ secret relationship and life. This symbol is never clearly stated nor discussed, but this supports the theory that Proulx’s short story follows Stegner’s idea on what makes a short story truly great. Stegner claims, “I wanted the fictions to be recognizable and true to the ordinary perception… and I thought I could best achieve that aim with a method that was direct and undistorted”. In other words, Stegner does not enjoy the overuse of literary devices since they tend to cloud and obstruct the reader’s lens. However, since the story does not rely upon the symbol and because it is one of the only symbols Proulx uses, Stegner’s theory aligns with “Brokeback Mountain”. When Jack reminisces his time spent on Brokeback, he believes that those days were the most perfect days of his life. After Jack tried to convince Ennis to runaway to with him, he thinks to himself, “What Jack remembered and craved in a way he could neither help nor understand was the time that distant summer on Brokeback when Ennis had come up behind him and pulled him close, the silent embrace satisfying some shared and sexless hunger” (20). Both Jack and Ennis were free from expectations in the mountains and could could satisfy their “sexless hunger”. However, later in the story, when Ennis marries a woman named Alma, their sex is quite different than on Brokeback Mountain, “Slipping his (Ennis’s) hand up her (Alma’s) blouse sleeve and stirring the silky armpit hair, then easing her down, fingers moving up her ribs to the jelly breast, over the round belly and knee … and he rolled her over, did quickly what she hated” (8). Just like Ennis’ life, his sex is unemotional and lifeless. The physical setting of these scenes are reflective of Ennis’ life and how the flatlands of Wyoming are greatly different than the towering mountains in where he feels truly liberated with both Jack and himself. Temporal setting is another critical aspect of a story and can change the quality of literature significantly. Stegner claims, “Neither [fiction nor autobiography] should be wrapped in any straitjacket of method… The art of fiction, in which I include autobiography, involves putting that question within a plausible context of order”. “Brokeback Mountain” takes place over the course of twenty years which emphasizes the strength of Jack and Ennis’ relationship. Proulx could have easily written a twenty page story that takes place over several months; however, the length of the story both agrees with Stegner’s idea on what well written fiction is and also the overall theme of “Brokeback Mountain”. The story ends tragically as Ennis questions his choices and wonders why he did not submit to his desire to escape with Jack. Instead, Ennis lives an unfulfilling life because he is not true to his sexuality. In the final line of the story, he reflects upon his life, “There was some open space between what he knew and what he tried to believe, but nothing could be done about it, and if you can’t fix it you’ve got to stand it” (26). Ennis marries a woman he does not love, has daughters when he wanted boys, and most importantly, does not get to spend the rest of his life with Jack. “If you can’t fix it you’ve got to stand it”, Ennis cannot do anything about his mistakes and must live with them. The reader is left to assume that Ennis never finds a love as strong and passionate as the one he feels for Jack since he is never content without him in his life. Ennis rejects who he, himself, is as a person and as a result is forced to live the rest of his life knowing that he will never find joy.
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Get custom essaySigmund Freud, known as the father of psychoanalysis, once wrote: “Unexpressed emotions will never die. They are buried alive and will come forth later in uglier ways”. Throughout “Brokeback Mountain”, Annie Proulx guides the reader through Ennis Del Mar’s thoughts. From sexual desire to simple freedom from the constrained society in which he lives, Ennis experiences emotions that one might not associate with the “American cowboy”. Proulx purposely sets the story in a sparsely populated and unforgiving environment to underscore the solitude both Ennis and Jack feel. The setting also reinforces their inability to hide from their reality and desire, despite their desire to do so. When Ennis discovers that Jack, the only person who truly mattered to him, dies in what the reader may classify as a hate crime, every emotion he denied explodes inside of him. The uncertainty he felt when he first had sex with Jack turns into confusion as he questions why he didn’t agree to run away with Jack to Mexico. The sorrow he felt as he walked away from his friend after their season together on Brokeback Mountain turns into unending heartache. Ennis’ profound sense of loss is caused not just by the loss of his beloved Jack but is multiplied by his realization that he could have perhaps prevented it by choosing a different path. His sorrow causes him to feel as desolate as the vast expanses of the high plains of Wyoming.
According to Kaur, S., & Singh, A. (2014) Emotional maturity is an attribute of the individual that is generally adopted. By attaining emotional maturity, they manage and balance their emotional reactions in day-to-day life. If a person reached their emotional maturity they will have the act of handling their emotions whether it is a positive emotion or negative emotion and able to articulate behavior inappropriate in a different situation. Therefore, emotional maturity is a process of firmness of feelings and self-control. Some researcher proclaims a study a general hypothesis that interrelationship between parents and adolescents can develop positive effect include healthy identity, taking skills and self-confidence specifically in making decisions by (Mauser et. Al. 1984; Eccles, et al., 1991; Allison &Sabatelli, 1988). In the healthy relationship with parents is a primary task for adolescence either boys or girls for them to develop, but girls are more to separate from their parents than boys. In these eras, we can notice that misunderstanding between parents and children are very observable. Most of the parent is experiencing conflict with their children especially the boys because they are likely disapproving particularly in parental guidance neither in academics nor in outside of school, wherein girls are more relying or follow in their parents.
Get original essayMaking once own decisions are dissimilar particularly in gender differences. However according to Douvan Adelson (1966), Coleman (1961) researchers and on gender differences in acquiring decisions declare inconsistencies tells that boys are better in gaining assert decisions than girls. On the other hand, a recent study by Steinberg& Silverberg (1986) found emotional maturity in early 53 years old and highlighted the scoring that girls are higher on self-reliance scales than boys. According to Hangel Suneetha et.al. (2007), Other studies showed that a mother who has a job has a big chance to have a child a stable emotional maturity than the children of unemployed mothers and female children of working mothers are highly self-achievement orientation. It is evident that there are an effect and a significant correlation between emotional maturity and academic achievement. In contrast, there are a few studies of missed to perform the importance of the two variables and others are getting their negative result. Moreover, others pretense the differences between male and female based on their emotional maturity and academic achievement.
There is no exact result in these studies and need a further experiment or test to conduct. According to Aggarwal (2007), Another study of adolescents on social maturity in correlate with cognitive and non-cognitive variables supported that there is no relationship between social maturity and academic achievement. It also initiates that there’s no importance in gender differences based on social maturity. Thus, Rani Swarupa and C.R. Prabha (2008), experiment it emphasized that among the boys and girls and it consists of 180 adolescent’s females were mostly socially matured than boys. According to Lekhi (2005), it shows that there is no significant correlation in the emotional maturity and emotional intelligence among boys and girls. It is observed that boys got a low score (yet being stated as emotionally matured) in correlating to girls. However emotional maturity differences among rural and urban adolescents are observed. She concludes that emotional maturity has negative effect especially in intellectual and academic achievements By Lekhi, V. (2005). Kalyandevi, T. and C. Prathima (2008) studied social maturity among adolescence and have 240 respondents currently on 8th, 9th and 10th standards the outcome showed that no grade and gender differences in terms of social norms among adolescence. Nanda P., Chawla A. (2010) refers to urban adolescence female how their family type affects their age and concluded that there has a limited effect on emotional maturity. Pam W. (2009) studied on emotional maturity among adolescence following, even though there are many cases related to adults. Skinner (2001) characterize emotional maturity as “the degree to which the person has realized his potentials for richness if living and has developed his capacity to enjoy things, to relate himself to others, to love and to laugh, his capacity for wholeheartedness”.
Thus, emotional maturity may also describe as the capabilities of the individual to evaluate the situation and to act appropriately to what is best for own’s self and for another person for their interactions. Attributes of Emotional Maturity to have an emotional maturity characteristics checklist downward: Empathy, an emotion that you project to another person for them to feel more comfortable to you, it helps you becoming more matured as a person. Accountability, one traits to established emotional maturity is to be aware and accept when you’re mistaken and bear the outcomes to your mistakes with all consideration and honor. Self-awareness, it is the state when you were aware to know your weaknesses and strengths and assess your perception, standards and judgment to yourself and for others. Flexibility, this is when you’re giving accommodation specifically when it’s pertaining to other person is a best assurance of emotional maturity.
By acquiring these attributes there’s a trait to assure: first patience, second a healthy amount of confidence because you need to be clearheaded in making decision for you to be reliable but need assessment if you’ve mistaken. According to Kaur, S., & Singh, A. (2014) the importance of deviance was initiated in all other basis of El among the male and female students as the t-values outcome to be 4.005 (P<.01); 2.132 (P<.05); 2.313 (P<.05) and 1.983 (P < .05) in case of 1st, 3rd, 4th as well as total El. These provides the evidence that the males were superior on emotional intelligence on 1st (M = 15.74), 3rd (M= 15.93) and total El (M = 61.44) whereas the females were leading on 4th component (M = 15.98) than the males (M = 15.20). Emotions are effectual technique and strength over the individual’s lifespan, it has an impact in the determination of attaining actions and perception of an individual. Emotional maturity is the capabilities of an individual to evaluate an interrelationship of other person and to act appropriately what’s best for own self and for another individual’s interaction Malhotra, P., &Sihotra, K. (2013).
According to Walter et al. (1974), emotional maturity is a procedure in which the character has consistently endeavored for the greater impression of emotional health, both intra-psychically and intrapersonally. Precisely the study of emotional maturity is now increasing acknowledgment. Emotional Stability Emotionally stable means not easily angered or provoked, able to balance a person’s feelings, or remain calm in a situation (Madhavan, n.d.). It enables an individual to have appropriate feelings about a situation and act in a rational manner. An individual who is emotionally stable characterized personality traits where person has control over his emotional expressions, emotionally mature and stable, determines fantasy over reality’s life situations, possessing ego strength, elevated level of adjustment with unsolved emotional problems (Upadhayay, n.d.). Aleem, (2005) stated Emotional stability also helps to regulate the growth of adolescent development aside from being one of the indicators of the personality patterns. Moreover, it is one of the main individual and mental characteristics that discovers a person’s stability to the effects of stressful life situations. Emotionally stable person encompasses achievement such as educational, as well as in sport and professional fields. (Serebryakova, et.al., 2016).
Emotionally stable or low neuroticism, and conscientiousness believed to increase the span of life (Terracciano, et.al., 2008). However, Hogan & Holland (2003) defined emotional stability as one’s resilience to stress. It is a process in which the personality is continuously striving for a greater sense of emotional health. We all seek stability in one way or another and there are unpleasant consequences when we are unable to control our emotions, and relations are damaged at home, school and indeed in the workplace. (Smitson 1947). An individual with low in emotional stability has less capabilities to manage or tolerate stress, as a result, will less likely to be successful in managing stress in the workplace. One factor is reactive stress, partially a function of emotional stability measured 6 months earlier; and the relation between reactive stress and emotional stability at time 2 was adequately explained by time 1 emotional stability (Kaizer & Ozer, 1997). Moreover, Upadhayay (n.d) stated that a person who is emotionally unstable has a personality trait that indicates instability where individual is easily annoyed and angered, affected by his feelings, impatient, easily frustrate with unsatisfactory situations or conditions, highly anxious, tends to worry, sensitive, touchy, fearful, moody, unhappy and depressed whenever faced with stressful situations.
They have symptoms of neuroticism like phobias, unable to sleep well and psychotic disorders. Emotional stability is a relevant and useful state of human being. When you managed to control your emotions, yet still able to feel emotions and understand the reasons for an emotion, a strength or power in situations is gained (Chen, et.al., 2006). Further, Aleem, (2005) concluded that people can experience true empathy when they are emotionally stable, for empathy is the primary necessity for a successful relationship. For Example, Khaton (n.d.) found that effective teacher shows high emotional stability, deals well with their environment, better adjustment in his or her profession and equal treatment in their dealings with students and staffs members. Presentation of papers in conference and seminars, publication of article in journal and books and enhancing teaching skills through faculty development programs are considered as the self-professional development. In addition, emotionally stable has the capacity to make adjustment and accept himself, members of the family, his peers in the school, as well as society and culture. The ability to fully enjoy them, not just merely the capacity for such attitudes and functions (Aleem, 2005). According to Aleem, (2005), females easily became anxious than boys. Their feeling of insecurity, the lack of ability to make adjustment makes them less stable. They easily get irritated by the things and the people surrounding them, displaying marked dissatisfaction.
They also get annoyed with their increasing responsibilities. Whereas boys often face the society and tricky situations rather than running away from it. They are patient to withstand delay in the satisfaction of needs, has high tolerance over frustrating situations, beliefs in long-term planning and are able of delaying their expectations when it comes to the demands of the situation. Moreover, in the study of Wani, et.al. (2016), while comparing the mean scores of boys with girls it was found that boys are slightly more emotionally stable than girls Thus, emotionally stable adolescents may have the capacity to adjust their emotional functioning which means they have fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression (Chen, et.al., 2013). Many considerable researches support the concept that the workplace is an extension of the school and vice versa. Experiential and/or applied learning is increasingly viewed to develop formal learning systems by making learning more relevant and meaningful to the student (O’Neil, 2014). There are factors that affect a student’s career choices. Such factors would give parents, educators and industry and idea as to where most of the students gives their trust in the career selection process (Borchert, 2002). In the study of Witko, et.al., (2009), senior high school students rated career planning to be either ‘very important’ or ‘quite important’ now in their lives. Analyses revealed significant results for age ?2 (6, N = 2878) = 109.64, p = .00) and grade ?2 (12, N = 2877) = 111.33, p = .000).
Those senior high students who did not believe the importance of planning a career now indicated that it is more important ‘when I graduate from university’ and ‘when I am ready to work’ (Witko, et.al., 2009). Significance of the Study The generalization of the study would be the great contribution to the vast knowledge in relation to student’s achievements. The results and findings of the study deem to be beneficial to the following:
University of Mindanao. The results of the study can extend its information and application to the activities and programs for the outgoing teachers of the university. Furthermore, with the necessary details from the study, the university can make use of the findings that can enhance the capabilities with sureness in life that give them the satisfaction of its faculty and staff, allowing for the growth with the aspects of its members.
UM Psychology Program. This research shall be added to the pond of researchers in the BS Psychology program of the University of Mindanao. The findings of the study can provide answers to research gaps that have been addressed but lack of intervention by previous psychology researches.
Psychology Majors and Practitioners. Particularly for future researchers, this study would help in gaining new insights regarding the emotional maturity and emotional stability among the students. This could also be a pond of information in determining research pool that needs to be addressed.
Psychologists. The findings of the study can render help in generating new intervention approaches when dealing with the high and low maturity and stability level of the students. The study can help them get a wider perspective on the cases of the students and their needs as funders to the society. Definition of Terms
Emotional maturity – is the ability to empathize, share, listen, take responsibility for one’s own behavior and care about the feelings and needs of others.
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Get custom essayEmotional stability – means firmly established or fixed, not easily upset or disturbed well balanced and capable to remain in same status.
This research paper will discuss the ethical theories of Emotivism and Social Darwinism, and their applications to abortion, capital punishment, and digital media/piracy.
Get original essayEmotivism – General Beliefs
Emotivism is a meta-ethical view that claims that ethical sentences do not express propositions but emotional attitudes. Hence, it is colloquially known as the hurrah/boo theory. Influenced by the growth of analytic philosophy and logical positivism in the 20th century, the theory was stated vividly by A. J. Ayer in his 1936 book Language, Truth and Logic. Emotivism can be considered a form of non-cognitivism or expressivism. It stands in opposition to other forms of non-cognitivism as well as to all forms of cognitivism.
Emotivism – Standards-setter
In Emotivism a moral statement isn't literally a statement about the speaker's feelings on the topic but expresses those feelings with emotive force. When an Emotivist says 'murder is wrong' it's like saying 'down with murder' or 'murder, yecch!' or just saying 'murder' while pulling a horrified face or making a thumbs-down gesture at the same time as saying, 'murder is wrong'.
Emotivism – Applied to
Emotivism applies to everyone that makes moral decisions in their everyday life. Also, just because someone believes that something is correct based on how they feel about it does not mean that everyone else around them will feel the same way about it.
Emotivism – Strengths
A few of Emotivism’s strengths are it highlights the reason why moral disputes are impossible to resolve decisively. It also acknowledges and, in some way, values the existence of moral diversity. It is also true to say that moral opinions are often formed on the basis of gaining others approval or avoiding their disapproval.
Emotivism – Weaknesses
A few of Emotivism’s weaknesses are just because you have an emotional feeling that something is wrong does not logically mean that other people should agree. According to Schlick, there is a disconnection between the statement “murder is wrong” and the implicit conclusion that other people should not do it.
Emotivism – Personal Views
I personally like the idea of this ethical theory. I think that this ethical theory should be accepted because if everyone followed this idea our world would be a completely different place. For example, if everyone agreed that murder was wrong then the murder would practically not exist anymore. Also, if everyone followed the theory of emotivism then there would pretty much everything we consider negative would essentially be eliminated from the world such things like war or murders.
Social Darwinism – General Beliefs
Social Darwinism is a loose set of ideologies that emerged in the late 1800s in which Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection was used to justify certain political, social, or economic views. Social Darwinists believe in “survival of the fittest” — the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better. Social Darwinism has been used to justify imperialism, racism, eugenics and social inequality at various times over the past century and a half.
Social Darwinism – Standards-setter
Everyone has heard the term ‘Survival of the Fittest’. That term means that only the superior ones are going to be the ones that survive in the long run. Whereas the ones that are not the fittest might survive for a little bit but will not survive in the long run.
Social Darwinism – Applied to
This theory can be applied to just about anyone in the world. With that being said it all depends on the world you are in. For example, if you are American and you got to Japan it will be hard for you to live there because you do not know their language, you are not accustomed to their food that they eat and you don’t not know about their culture because their culture is way different than American culture.
Social Darwinism – Cultural Displays
Hitler adopted the social Darwinist take on survival of the fittest. He believed the German master race had grown weak due to the influence of non-Aryans in Germany. To Hitler, survival of the German race depended on its ability to maintain the purity of its gene pool. The Nazis targeted certain groups or races that they considered biologically inferior for extermination. These included Jews, Roma, Poles, Soviets, people with disabilities and homosexuals.
Social Darwinism – Strengths
Some strengths of Social Darwinism are the best of the best are able to survive in that environment. Where others will have to either leave or they could possibly end up dying.
Social Darwinism – Personal Views
I do believe that Social Darwinism is a good theory because it helps adapt people to their respective environment. For example, the people in china are more adapted to that environment than they are to the one in America and vice versa.
Abortion
Abortion Explained. Abortion is the ending of pregnancy due to removing an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus. An abortion that occurs spontaneously is also known as a miscarriage. When deliberate steps are taken to end a pregnancy, it is called an induced abortion, or less frequently an induced miscarriage. The word abortion is often used to mean only induced abortions.
Abortion on Emotivism. If I disapprove of an action, I must also have similar feelings about similar actions, or my attitudes will not provide consistent guidance about how to live. Moral disagreement, then, can be about the relations between different attitudes. For example, deciding whether abortion is right or wrong is complicated because there are many attitudes involved, sympathy towards the mother, sympathy towards the fetus, feelings about human life, death, and parenthood. It is difficult to work out how these attitudes can all be acted upon, and that is why people disagree.
Abortion on Social Darwinism. Malthus' population theory and Spencer's social-Darwinism have helped provide a philosophical foundation for the abortion movement, but no single person has done more to devalue the life of the unborn child than the famed German evolutionist Ernst Haeckel. Consolidating the earlier work of Johann Meckel, Karl von Baer, and Fritz Muller, Haeckel theorized that each animal retraces its evolutionary history during its embryonic development.
Capital Punishment
Capital Punishment Explained. Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a government-sanctioned practice whereby a person is killed by the state as a punishment for a crime. The sentence that someone be punished in such a manner is referred to as a death sentence, whereas the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution. Crimes that are punishable by death are known as capital crimes or capital offences, and they commonly include offences such as murder, treason, espionage, war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide.
Capital Punishment on Emotivism. Emotivists believe that moral language expresses emotions and tries to influence others; it has no cognitive content. If I say that capital punishment is wrong, I’m just expressing my dislike for it, and trying to get you to agree with me. I might as well have said capital punishment, while shaking my head and rolling my eyes.
Capital Punishment on Social Darwinism. Hoffman argues that by hiding punishment, modern American society has systematically compromised the intrinsic urge to restrain the punishment we mete out even to the worst among us. We've turned criminals into monsters so that we can hide them away. By hiding them away we are unable to see them again as anything but monsters.
Digital Media/Piracy
Digital Media/Piracy Explained. Piracy refers to the unauthorized duplication of copyrighted content that is then sold at substantially lower prices in the 'grey' market. The ease of access to technology has meant that over the years, piracy has become more rampant. For example, CD writers are available off the shelf at very low prices, making music piracy a simple affair.
Digital Media/Piracy on Emotivism. From a negativist and emotivist perspective, he suggests a representation of the possible remote effects appealing to the feelings which are aroused, treating doubtful (but possible) things as if they were true, since we cannot allow ourselves to make mistakes when issues of such importance and magnitude are at stake (in the case of the use of the Internet, reason, perception, memory, emotion). Ethics must take into account the long-term results of present actions, including the whole of humanity
Digital Media/Piracy on Social Darwinism. “It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change”. Fast forward to the 21st Century and Darwin’s principle of ‘survival of the fittest’ is still very much relevant, although this blog won’t be referring to it in the context which Darwin originally intended. Instead, we will discuss Darwinism through a business strategy lens. Replace the mention of species from the above quote with the phrase social media platforms and voila, you have yourself a statement about what it takes for a social media platform to survive in today’s rather overcrowded social media ecosphere!
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Get custom essayIn the end, this research paper discussed the ethical theories of Emotivism and Social Darwinism, and their applications to abortion, capital punishment, and digital media/piracy.