100% Secure Payment
© 2025 Copyright:
BoutEssays. All rights reserved
Fruits are very essential in human diet because of their great nutritional value as sources of vitamins and minerals. Therefore, they have generated increased marketing. However, in the developing world, per capita consumption of fruits, together with fruits, is only 100 g compared with 220 g in the developed countries (Idah, Ajisegiri and Yisa, 2007). The supply of basic food stuffs at prices within the reach of the average consumer is necessary so as to ensure and maintain food security (Onu and Iliyasu, 2008). This shall be a descriptive survey study intended to assess the analysis of profitability of fruits trade in Yankaba market, Kano metropolis, Nigeria. There have been little studies carried out to evaluate the analysis of the profitability of fruits trade in Yankaba market, Kano metropolis, Nigeria.
Get original essayThis view motivated a study to assess and make relevant recommendations to improve agricultural businesses of fruits at this particular market. This study thus seeks to carry out an investigation into these variables. The study hopes at the end to make inform and make recommendations to farmers on how to improve better on their business of fruit vending within the area. The main objective of the study is to analyze the profitability of fruits trade in Yankaba market Kano Nigeria. The population for the study will include small and large scale farmers at this particular market region named above. Both primary and secondary sources of data will be employed for this study. The purposive and accidental sampling procedures shall be used to select the respondents. The sample size will be 192 respondents. In this case a scientific calculator will be used in calculating the percentages and information be presented in contingency tables, graphs and pie charts.
Population growth in the urban (4 per cent annual increase) and rural (1.9 per cent annual increase) areas of Sub-Saharan Africa is the highest in the world. It also has the highest rate of urbanization in the world (about 3.5 per cent per annum). This situation would mean increased demand for food and therefore increased need for marketing of agricultural food products (Andres and Lebailly, 2011). This is especially because majority of the efforts centered on increasing food production have not been impressive enough in achieving their objectives (Ihimodu, 2004).
In Nigeria, rapid population growth has brought about an increase in the demand for more food. Kano Metropolis, as a notable commercial centre, is one of the most rapidly urbanizing areas in the country (Nabegu, 2008). In fact, Kano is the third largest commercial centre in Nigeria, after Lagos and Ibadan. Trading, consisting of wholesale and retail activities constitutes the second largest economic sector of the Kano economy. Although largely informal, the commerce sector accounts for approximately 65-75% of domestic trading activities. Marketing of agricultural produce is one of the dominant commercial activities, with wholesale of the produce undertaken in specialized markets within Kano Metropolis (Kano State Government, 2013).
There have been directions of studies on profitability of agricultural commodities. Some scholars have taken to analyse profitability of production. Example of these include small scale maize production in Niger state of Nigeria (Sadiq, Yakasai, Ahmad, Lapkene and Abubakar, 2013), gum arabic production in Jigawa State of Nigeria (Umar, Audu and Waizah, 2011), groundnut production in Michika Local Government Area of Adamawa State of Nigeria (Taru, Kyagya and Mshelia, 2010), small-scale catfish farming in Kaduna State of Nigeria (Issa, Abdulazeez, Kezi, Dari and Umar, 2014), cassava production in Eket Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom state of Nigeria (Ebukiba, 2010), urban agriculture using metropolitan organic waste in Abuja, Nigeria (Arene and Mbata, 2008). Other researchers have concentrated on profitability of marketing of the products: rice processing and marketing in Kano State (Inuwa, Kyiogwom, Ala, Maikasuwa and Ibrahim, 2011), rice processing and marketing Ngoketunjia Division, North West Region, Cameroon (Bime, Fon, Ngalim and Ongla, 2014), paddy rice in Ebonyi North Zone of Ebonyi State, Nigeria (Nwibo, Odo and Igberi, 2013), cattle marketing in Gombe, Nigeria (Mohammed, Mohammed and Adamu, 2013). This study analyses profitability of fruits marketing in Yanlemo specialized market of Kano Metropolis. This is to be achieved using two objectives. One, to establish the level of profit of fruits trade in the market. Two, to assess the profitability of marketing of fruits in the market.
Horticulture majorly fruit production and sale being the prime booster of Nigeria GDP and given its being practiced by most of the citizens in this country then this makes it an important issue to be looked upon. With the many challenges that arise from farming for both the small scale and large scale farmers in this country in a struggle to improve their horticultural produces. With little research done in relation to these variables and agri-businesses then it’s prudent enough for this study to be done thus this study saw the need to evaluate the profits that are being realized from the sale of horticultural products that are fruits in that particular market.
In recent years, horticultural activities have raised up the GDP of a nation. This was one of most invested in and most tough department in the growth of Nigeria. The proportion of the farmers participating in horticulture of fruits are increasing nationwide and locally is high but the outcome is not what is expected. With this continuous underperformance of the farmers in their activities does not place the country in a good spot for economic development. This view motivated a study to assess the analysis of profitability of fruits trade in Yankaba market, Kano metropolis, Nigeria
Research questions
The overall objective of the study was to analyze the profitability of fruits trade in Yankaba market Kano Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study include
This study might generate important information useful to formulate fruit marketing development programs and guidelines for interventions that would improve efficiency of the fruits marketing system. The potential users of the results of this study would be farmers, traders, policy makers, governmental and non-governmental organization, who want to introduce interventions in fruit and marketing system. Furthermore, this study could be used as source material for further study. Limitations. ü Language barrier since most of the residents are local and don’t understand national languages that well. ü Large area for coverage since this is an agricultural town many of the roads are not well laid.
Theoretical Framework Dependent Variable independent Variable
It is generally believed that small farm agriculture plays a central role in economic development, both in supplying a significant portion of the domestic food crop supplies and in generating income for low-income families. But on the other hand there are constraints related to access to production resources and markets (Minot, 1986). Markets may provide the incentives to profit maximizing participants to develop new technologies, products, resources of supply, new markets and methods of exploiting them.
The role of marketing in development process could be summarized as follows: the marketing system channels the net capital surplus out of agricultural sector which could be used to accentuate the development of industry, infrastructure and social service; it integrates the farming community in to the market economy through communication and exchange; the provision of secured market outlets which encourage producers to increase marketable surplus and diversify production; and marketing becomes Profit in economics refers to pure profit, i.e. any excess of revenues over all opportunity cost. In other words, it is a return in excess of all opportunity costs including those of capital. Profit is positive when there is an excess of revenues over costs while it is negative (commonly called losses) when revenues fall short of the costs (Lipsey, 2007). Therefore, profit refers to the difference between total gross income and how much it has cost to produce and market the product. Although any scale can be used to measure profit, it is more commonly measured using a monetary scale, as money is more easily compared across applications (Lutzs, 2010).
Profitability, derived from profit and ability, is the power of a business entity to earn profits or the ability of a given investment to earn a return from its use (Tulsian, 2014). According to Rahman, Adhikary and Yousuf (2014) profitability referred to the profit earning capacity of a product, plant, process or an undertaking. They equated the role of profit and profitability in business ‘blood’ and ‘pulse’ in human body. “Without adequate blood and ability to generate blood, it may not be possible on the part of human being to survive. Like this, without profit and ability to earn sufficient profit, it is difficult to survive on the part of any business”. It is one of the best techniques for measuring the productivity of capital employed and operational efficiency of an investment (Tulsian, 2014).
In Nigeria papaya is produced in home gardens and semi-commercial level by farmers as well as commercial level by state farms for home consumption and local market (for fresh fruit and juice making). The commercial farms of upper Awash agro industry (Tibila and Awara, Melka farms), horticulture development enterprise (Ziwai farm) etc. Many growers prefer papaya to other fruit crops due to its early fruit bearing nature and ease of production practices (Jackson, et al, 1985; and IAR, 1991). Papaya trees come in to bearing 9-14 months after planting, then bear year round. The ripe fresh fruit of papaya are eaten fresh throughout the tropics and are used in preparation of jam, soft drinks, ice-cream flavoring, and crystallized fruits and in syrup. The seeds are also used for their medicinal value. Unripe fruits and young leaves can be cooked and taken as fruits and spinach and the juice facilitate digestion and so that it is preferable for older people.
Horticulture production is profitable. Farmers involved in horticulture production usually earn much higher farm income as compared to cereal producers. Cultivation of fruits allows for productive employment where the labor/land ratio is high, since horticultural production is usually labor intensive. Increasing horticulture production contributes commercialization of the rural economy and creates many off-farm jobs. However, expanding the scale of horticulture production is often hindered by lack of market access, market information, and many biological factors (Weinberger and Lumpkin, 2005). Ideally, measures commonly recommended for the improvement of fruits marketing are better packaging, handling, and transport; sorting by quality; extending the market season and
Leveling out gluts and shortages by market delivery planning and storage; developing new markets; installation of refrigerated transport and processing equipment: and establishing marketing enterprises Bezabih and Hadera (2007) stated that production is seasonal and price is inversely related to supply. During the peak supply period, the prices decline. The situation is worsened by the perishability of the products and poor storage facilities. Along the market channel, 25 percent of the product is spoiled.
From these reviewed literatures severe production seasonality, seasonal price fluctuations, poor pre-and post-harvest handling, prevalence of pest and diseases, lack of storage are some of the critical problems encountered fruits production in Nigeria
3.1 Research design.
The research design preferred for this exertion is the descriptive survey design. A descriptive research design asks who, what, where, how. It is premeditated to deliver supplementary insight into the research problem by describing the variables of interest and can be used for describing, defining, segmentation, estimating, predicting, and examining associative relationships. This brand of design is also baptized observational studies because using this approach observes the subjects without otherwise intervening (Monette, Sullivan & Dejong, 2002; Hopkins, 2000). In a descriptive study, no attempt is made to change behavior or conditions The method is also easy to explain and to understand.
3.2 Variables.
The independent variable in this study happens to be the market for the fruits whilst the dependent variables are sustainability of the market and the profits and market structure.
3.3 Location of the Study.
The study site will be Yankaba Kano market, which is located in Nigeria.
3.4 Study Population.
The study population will include any small scale and also large scale farmer living within Yankaba Kano market
3.5 Sampling technique.
Convenience sampling will be used to gather information from 192 farmers who are within the boundaries of within Yankaba Kano market. By picking convenience sampling whereby I only vision to deal with those that showed up at the market and were willing to partake the study. This kind of sampling also allows me to obtain basic data and trends regarding profitability of fruits within the region here named without a lot of complications from using a randomized sample. From this sampling method the researcher can also detect the relationship growth and development in relation to the loan offered.
3.6 Sample size determination.
Sample size for this study is determined using Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) formula for sample size determination. Sample size n= (Z2pq) d2 Where; Z = Standard normal deviate set at 95% confidence interval which is 1.96 P = Proportion estimated to have a characteristic similar to what is being investigated estimated at 50% which is 0.5) d = Statistical significance at 95% confidence level which is 0.05 = (1.962 x 0.5 x0.5) = 384 respondents. 0.052 Due to the language barrier limitations and poor infrastructure within the area then the researcher will move forward to use 50% of the sample population thus bringing the total respondents in this particular study to be 192 respondents achieved by dividing the initial number found by two. 384 respondents. 2 = 192 respondents
3.7 Construction and Research Instruments
Data will be collected using structured and unstructured questionnaires and interviews. They will be used as the main instruments to gather the data from the farmers from the market. The first section of the questionnaire for the farmers solicits information on what they know.
3.8 Pilot Study and Pre-Testing
The pre-test will be piloted prior to the actual data collection time to measure the appropriateness of the questionnaire with concerns to duration, language appropriateness, content, validity, and question comprehensibility. This will also test the competence and efficacy of the tools. Alterations will be made after the pretest.
3.9 Validity and reliability
Validity is used to determine whether research measures actually produce the data or qualitative results that they intend to measure and to approximate the truthfulness of the results (Colorado State University, 2012). I will submit a draft of the proposed interview questionnaire to the academic supervisor for feedback and advice on whether the questions could be considered valid for the intended study. Reliability is the degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results. Inter-rater reliability will be used to see how the different farmers have opinions on the kilimo biashara loan.
3.1.1 Data analysis.
Data collected will be checked for completeness and data clearing conducted before leaving the area. A scientific calculator will be used in calculating the percentages and the information then presented in contingency tables graphs and pie charts in relation to objective of the study. Inferential analysis will be used because the researcher visions to use a smaller population of the farmers at convenience at the market to point out more information on profitability of fruits at the market about a larger population of farmers, by looking at the response of the few selected respondents.
3.1.2 Logistical and Ethical Considerations
Information will be collected after informed consent is assured to the respondents. The study objectives will be clearly explained to the farmer and each of them assured that the information provided will be kept confidential. Information obtained from the subject during interviews will be highly discrete and handled with at most respect and confidentiality.
This proposal will be submitted to Kenyatta University School of agriculture for approval. Acquiescence will also be sought from the sub county administration offices before commencement of the research.
The researcher will ensure that each participant’s identity is not revealed. During the course of the interviews, participants will not be asked to reveal their real names.
Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.
Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.
Get custom essayAll participants will be given the chance to choose whether they want to participate in the study or not. Their consent will be received before any information is collected from them. They will be informed they have the right to withdraw from the study at any point without being victimized in any way.
Intrusion is an occasion when someone goes into a situation or place where they are not wanted or allowed. It refers to the action of intruding or an unwelcome visit, interjection in someone’s matter and forcible entry in any situation. In information security, Intrusion is the any unauthorized access into the network.
Get original essayIn information security, one of the two most publicized threats to security is the intruder generally referred to as a hacker or cracker. Intruders are the one that try to intrude into the privacy of a network
Generally, the intruders are classified into three categories.
A legitimate user who accesses data, programs, or resources for which such access is not authorized, or who is authorized for such access but misuses his or her privileges the misfeasor generally is an insider
An IDS is a device or software application that monitors a systems or network for malicious activity or policy violations.
Any detected activity or violation is typically reported to a network administrator. There is a wide range of IDS, varying from antivirus software to hierarchical systems that monitor the traffic of an entire network.
The most common classifications are:
A system that monitors important operating system files is an example of a HIDS.
Host intrusion detection systems (HIDS) run on individual hosts or devices on the network. A HIDS monitors the inbound and outbound packets from the device only and will alert the user or administrator if suspicious activity is detected. It takes a snapshot of existing system files and matches it to the previous snapshot. If the critical system files were modified or deleted, an alert is sent to the administrator to investigate. An example of HIDS usage can be seen on mission critical machines, which are not expected to change their configurations.
A system that analyzes incoming network traffic is an example of a NIDS.
Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are placed at a strategic point or points within the network to monitor traffic to and from all devices on the network. It performs an analysis of passing traffic on the entire subnet, and matches the traffic that is passed on the subnets to the library of known attacks. Once an attack is identified, or abnormal behavior is sensed, the alert can be sent to the administrator. Snort is commonly used tool for network intrusion detection systems. NID Systems are also capable of comparing signatures for similar packets to link and drop harmful detected packets which have a signature matching the records in the NIDS.
When we classify the design of the NIDS according to the system interactivity property, there are two types: on-line and off-line NIDS, often referred to as inline and tap mode, respectively. On-line NIDS deals with the network in real time. It analyses the Ethernet packets and applies some rules, to decide if it is an attack or not. Off-line NIDS deals with stored data and passes it through some processes to decide if it is an attack or not.
It is also possible to classify IDS by detection approach, the most well-known variants are:
Signature-based IDS refers to the detection of attacks by looking for specific patterns, such as byte sequences in network traffic, or known malicious instruction sequences used by malware.[2] This terminology originates from anti-virus software, which refers to these detected patterns as signatures. Although signature-based IDS can easily detect known attacks, it is impossible to detect new attacks, for which no pattern is available.
Anomaly-based intrusion detection systems were primarily introduced to detect unknown attacks, in part due to the rapid development of malware. The basic approach is to use machine learning to create a model of trustworthy activity, and then compare new behavior against this model. Although this approach enables the detection of previously unknown attacks, it may suffer from false positives, previously unknown legitimate activity may also be classified as malicious.
Intrusion detection system can be referred as management system for both computers and networks. It is combination of architected devices and software applications with the purpose of detecting malicious activities and violation of policies and produce report on that.
Intrusion detection system can monitor a network for any kind of abusive, abnormal or malicious activity. It keeps to log of every single malicious or abusive activity. These logs are very important for security professionals to take any steps or to set any rules against these activities.
The logs kept by IDS can be used against an abuser as an evidence to take any legal step.
Often intrusion detection systems often produce false report of malicious activity. Sometimes this makes the real malicious activity ignored.
One of the key features of most intrusion detection system is they operate upon packets which are encrypted. These encrypted packets are complicated for analysis There are various ways that attacks can avoid being detected by an IDS.
Signature based must be kept up to date. If the signature is too specific, the attack can be altered to avoid detection. Too much traffic to analyze everything.
An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) is a network security/threat prevention technology that examines network traffic flows to detect and prevent intrusions. Intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) are primarily focused on identifying possible incidents, logging information about them, and reporting attempts. In addition, organizations use IDPS for other purposes, such as identifying problems with security policies, documenting existing threats and deterring individuals from violating security policies. IDPS have become a necessary addition to the security infrastructure of nearly every organization.[6]
IDPS typically record information related to observed events, notify security administrators of important observed events and produce reports. Many IDPS can also respond to a detected threat by attempting to prevent it from succeeding. They use several response techniques, which involve the IDPS stopping the attack itself, changing the security environment (e.g. reconfiguring a firewall) or changing the attack’s content.[6]
Intrusion prevention systems (IPS), also known as intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS), are network security appliances that monitor network or system activities for malicious activity. The main functions of intrusion prevention systems are to identify malicious activity, log information about this activity, report it and attempt to block or stop it.[7].
The IPS take actions if some intrusion is detected in a system. these actions include:
Sending an alarm to the administrator (as would be seen in an IDS) Dropping the malicious packets Blocking traffic from the source address Resetting the connection
Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.
Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.
Get custom essayTools for IDS and IPS:
A standout amongst the most difficult assignments continuously condition is the expectation of house deals. Understanding the different components that impacts house deals is as much as critical on knowing the particular technique on the most proficient method to play out the forecast. Henceforth it is a most extreme important to distinguish the relationship among various properties utilized in the dataset. These datasets can be gotten from different open databases and data archives. Even though it has two distinct models (Predictive and Descriptive) for extricating the data, utilized grouping strategy for engaging model, the support for utilizing such technique is clarified in the philosophy segment. On fitting in with the above expressed fundamental certainties in this article we play out the expectation.
Get original essayThere are a few noteworthy information mining strategies have been creating and utilizing in information mining ventures as of late including affiliation, arrangement, grouping, expectation, successive examples and choice tree. Grouping is an information mining procedure that makes a significant or helpful bunch of articles which have comparable attributes utilizing the programmed strategy. The bunching strategy characterizes the classes and places protests in each class. There are distinctive sorts of grouping strategies, for example, k-means, Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering and DBSCAN, and so on. From those many bunching techniques, here we have performed Five Clustering Algorithms, and finally at last we have contrasted the outcomes with discover which calculation is more effective when contrasted with alternate calculations.
Literature Survey on Related work: Precious stone and Cambell (1989), together with Lowengart (2002) propose the meaning of a business advancement [5], describing it as here and now incitements of procurement or offers of an items or administration.
To include, Lowengart (2002), after the investigation of numerous sources recommend more exhaustive definition, depicting it as various strategic (yet not vital) apparatuses created as a piece of vital promoting system, with the point of increasing the value of the results of administrations to accomplish a predefined advertising targets. Albeit changed inside various gatherings and focused on business sectors, deals advancements is turned out to be a successful device in expanding the deals, notwithstanding the relative simplicity of estimating this viability (Kwok and Uncles 2005, Brookins 2009, Odunlami and Ogunsiji, 2011). It is additionally considered as a compelling strategy while focusing on deals advancements to a scope of the specific specialties, and furthermore while endeavoring to build the level of separation, so as to grow more exact crusade with the high shots for progress (Diamond and Campbell 1989, Boulding et. al. 1994, Lichtenstein et. al. 1997, Chandon et. al. 2000). In any case, Uva (2000) and Lichtenstein (1997) pull out about the risks identified with the diminished apparent esteem if the business advancements are inappropriately focused on, Uva likewise sees that the best execution of offers advancement should be possible giving the predominant item quality and esteem, yet which has an indication of low item mindfulness, inferring the way that it very well may be a decent instrument amid the presentation of another item. Kotler (2003) takes note of that business advancements can be utilized as an option for progressively expensive publicizing efforts, while Philip Jones (1990) takes note of that there are the perils of the costs advancements identified with the sensational diminishing in benefits as the aftereffect of inappropriately created strategies of offers advancements.
To include, Low and Mohr (2000) claims that brands with higher spending on publicizing, contrasting with deals advancements, normally have more positive client demeanors, higher estimation of brand and higher piece of the overall industry. Kotler (2003) claims that while promoting is utilized as a long haul technique[4] for improving the brand esteem, deals advancements are generally utilized keeping in mind the end goal to make a transient interest for the items, consequently deals advancements are effectively and progressively utilized by brand chiefs on account of their adequacy in a portion of the cases. Considering, it is advantageous for each advertiser to audit such an imperative instrument as deals advancements.
As indicated by Srinivasan and Anderson (1998), and furthermore d'Astous and Landreville (2003),[6] there are a few fundamental goals for executing deals advancements, which were uncovered in their inquires about. A standout amongst the most apparent purposes behind deals promotions'implementation is to expand the fleeting deals, yet it likewise utilized for expanding the consciousness of effectively existing item and empowering the deals amid the off-top time.
The best way to explain the proposed model is through the methodology, here in this proposed model for weather forecasting we have used several clustering techniques such as simple k- means, Hierarchical clustering, Density based clustering, Filtered clustering and Farthest first clustering. This model not only provides the analysis results from the dataset using various clustering techniques but also compares the results of each clustering algorithm and provides the best suited algorithm among them. Before moving on to the steps on how to perform the analysis, we should understand why we have used clustering for this weather forecasting. The most common form of unsupervised method is Clustering which paves the way for finding unlabeled data structure. Clustering typically means grouping based on similarities. As we are predicting the weather for the upcoming day it is hard to have a target attribute which remains the same throughout the process. Weather typically means causes the changes in environment more frequently. So it is impossible to use classification for weather forecasting. The dataset [8] we have used consists of several attributes which includes Formatted date, Summary, Precipitation type, Temperature, Humidity, Wind speed, cloud coverage pressure and daily summary. This dataset doesn’t contain a target attribute or class label hence it also one among the several reasons for using clustering in this model.
Data preprocessing is a data mining technique that involves transforming raw data into an understandable format. Real-world data is often incomplete, inconsistent, and/or lacking in certain behaviors or trends, and is likely to contain many errors. Data preprocessing is a proven method of resolving such issues. Data preprocessing prepares raw data for further processing. Data preprocessing is used database-driven applications such as customer relationship management and rule-based applications (like neural networks). Data goes through a series of steps during preprocessing: Data Cleaning: Data is cleansed through processes such as filling in missing values, smoothing the noisy data, or resolving the inconsistencies in the data. Data Integration: Data with different representations are put together and conflicts within the data are resolved. Data Transformation: Data is normalized, aggregated and generalized. Data Reduction: This step aims to present a reduced representation of the data in a data warehouse. Data Discretization: Involves the reduction of a number of values of a continuous attribute by dividing the range of attribute intervals.
Data mining has a vast application domain. By the use of the open source tool Weka we got a clear insight into how raw data is preprocessed and then based on the type of data it is being subject to either classification or clustering. Beyond the textual understanding of mining, the real world experience of having worked with one is clearly more beneficial. Among the various types of algorithms present, Farthest first clustering produced the most accurate results for our topic which is product sale information.
The idea that you could transform into something evil scares us all, therefore gothic literature uses this as a common tactic to induce greater fear. In “House Taken Over” by Julio Cortazar we can see the transformation of fear in the siblings daily lives, which are presumably normal. Without transformation in gothic literature it would just be a normal scary story that you know could never happen to you, the idea that these things are happening to normal people like you and I scares us. It makes us think any everyday person could turn into something evil like characters in a story. Transformation is especially disturbing because it isn’t like any other type of fear. It’s more realistic than the rest and it’s very easy to believe what you’re reading or seeing is true. While there generally is some supernatural activity in these stories, a good portion of the time the people in the stories are the real monsters.
Get original essay“The only thing I could think of to give meaning to these creatures is that the old brother and sister are simply psychotic”. Finding out that these regular people were hallucinating all of the events in “House Taken Over” is terrifying because we want to believe it was monsters who invaded them, but in the end it only makes us wonder about ourselves. In “House Taken Over” we see transformation play a big role in the story in many ways. In the beginning of the story they are seemingly normal but as the narrative progresses we can see many strange habits along with hints at mental disorder. The theory that the siblings aren’t really being invaded and it is just a psychotic episode raises the idea that instead of monsters and terrible people always being the antagonist, our own minds can be our greatest enemy. “. . . when they hear noises in the kitchen and other areas which they usually occupy, they abandon the house without a word to each other or without even taking anything with them”. Reading such a thing like this really make you wonder if occurrences like this are more common than you might think in people’s everyday life.
My personal experience with transformation is when I was in gymnastics, this was a transformation that took many years to take place but it was a positive one. I learned a lot through the sport such as respect, discipline, and perseverance and it really helped to shape me into the person I am today. Without gymnastics I don’t think I’d be anything like I am today because I practically grew up doing it and my coaches were all like parents to me, who each taught me different life lessons. “It taught me how to work for one goal and, when things weren’t going well, how to overcome adversity”.
While transformation plays a key role in gothic literature, it’s also very important in everyday life because without it we wouldn’t be able to grow into better people. There are many things that go into the making of a scary story, but if you want a really scary story it needs transformation. Transformation strikes close to home with everyone because we are all people and it is really scary to be able to identify with the villian of a story. Gothic literature really emphasises this and that’s why this genre is so creepy to everyone that reads it. It’s so easy to mark a villain as evil but they really turn scary when you can understand what drove them to their own insanity.
The topic of health for Indigenous people is one that is complex. There are many factors that take effect on their health and well-being, including education, housing, employment, social status, income status and social support systems being just a few. This paper will focus on housing as a social determinant of health.
Get original essayHousing can include physical dwellings and their conditions, as well as lack of housing, and spiritual belonging. Having proper housing plays a pivotal role in the health of Indigenous men, women and children. The effects of having inadequate housing and homes can be vast and severe in nature, ranging from overcrowding, to physical dangers such as critical repairs needed and poor drinking water, to mental health consequences such as depression and suicide.
The idea of a spiritual home was brought up by Memmot and Chambers (2008, as cited in Christensen, 2016). Spiritual homelessness was referred to as “the collective forms of dispossession and displacement” (Young, 1998, as cited in Christensen, 2016), and explained the disconnect between cultural knowledge, identity and spirituality. Colonization disrupted Indigenous home-making practices by removing children from their homes to attend residential schools, disrupting ancestral lands and forcing the assimilation of their people into the European western way of living.
Exclusionary measures taken by Europeans against Indigenous people had major effects on their health ranging from proximal determinants like housing and poverty to distal effects such as cultural continuity, self-determination and an Indigenous sense of home and belonging (Czyzewski, 2011; Greenwood and de Leeuw, 2012; Reading and Wein, 2009, as cited in Christenson, 2016). Christensen (2016) also adds that “home is not limited to four walls”, and that many Indigenous men, women and children have become “homeless in [their] homeland”.
The feeling of spiritual homelessness compounds the effects of literal homelessness on mental health, exacerbating the instances of depression and suicide among others which will be discussed further in this paper. Over CrowdingInadequate home life can cause a myriad of problems for Indigenous children, who then grow up and have children that they fail to care for, and the cycle of poor health is perpetuated through generations.
The importance of home is often forgotten, and homes become overcrowded due to the lack of housing opportunities in many areas. Often, this is the case because Indigenous people have a harder time finding work because they may be under educated, under qualified, and many face racism as the foremost hindrance. Some may believe that providing a place to stay for friends and family members is beneficial for Indigenous kinship (Christensen, 2016), however the overcrowding of homes often strains an already poor financial situation, causing a loss of home for all members. Mental health can be greatly impacted by these types of living conditions.
A feeling of not belonging, being unsafe, and lacking self-determination can be detrimental to children who may then seek attention elsewhere, become addicted to drugs and alcohol, and as is common in some reserve communities, are more inclined to commit suicide (Chandler and Lalonde, 2008 as cited in Loppie-Reading, 2013). Suicide ideation inflicted nearly 43% of Canada’s Inuit adolescents and young adults (Lehti et al. 2009 p. 1199). As well, the instances of communicable diseases are much higher in overcrowded homes for obvious reasons. Being in such close proximity with other people makes it difficult to avoid catching illnesses such as tuberculosis which is common in many communities (NCCAH, 2009).
According to NCCAH (2009), 26% of First Nations on reserves lived in crowded homes, while 36% of Inuit people did, and 40% of the Inuit in Nunavik lived in crowded dwellings. Homelessness in Northwest TerritoriesWhile Christensen (2016) examines the cases of homelessness in the Northwest Territories, the overall picture that is painted stretches across most, if not all of Canada. According to Julia Christensen (2016), homelessness was uncommon in the Northwest Territories before the late 1990’s, and by 2008, 5% of the population was homeless, with Indigenous people accounting for 90-95% of that statistic.
These numbers were based solely on reports from homeless shelters, and do not account for any individuals who did not seek shelter at a public facility but rather stayed in the street or sought shelter with friends or family. A staggering report also showed that 50% of all children in foster care were Indigenous, though Indigenous children only account for 5% of the child population in the area (Christensen, 2016). This shows that the trend of Indigenous homelessness begins in early childhood.
Physical housing situations are dire in many reserve communities. According to the NCCAH (2009), 28% of Indigenous people live in homes requiring repairs, leaving obvious room to believe there is a physical danger to being in these homes. Many of these homes also do not have access to clean, safe drinking water, many are without electricity and many are infected with molds which can cause many health problems (NCCAH, 2009).
Chronic illness is common in such communities due to these conditions, including many breathing disorders and allergies due to the mold issues and are perpetuated by the fact that they are not within a close proximity to services such as health care, grocery stores with adequate and healthy foods or water and sewage facilities which create sanitation problems in the inner and outer home environments. A lack of funding and help from the government makes it quite difficult to try to improve these conditions.
There is a vast need for change in Indigenous communities on and off reserve when it comes to housing and home situations. The dire mental health effects are critical to the well being of the Indigenous people, but there seems to be no accessible services to help combat these issues. While attempting to create a plan to aid these communities, it is important to consider that Nelson (2017) stated “Much of the mental health research reviewed in this paper describes and advocates for the process of integrating Indigenous methods of healing into the system of mental health services”.
Indigenous people are best to take point on these types of issues as they are better able to see and understand the problems at hand and may better know how to go about dealing with them at their core. However, this also requires collaboration between the federal government and Indigenous communities (Loppie-Reading, C. 2013).
The NCCAH states that “Investing in sustainable housing and infrastructure is essential to reducing Aboriginal health disparities”. They also suggest that the funding should be in conjunction with the growth and costs of construction, and again that self-determination is vital, that Indigenous people should control the housing plans (NCCAH, 2009). There can be no solution to the ongoing problem of housing for Indigenous people, and the effects it has on the health of those affected unless the government and all communities can join and work together to solve them.
Abdul Mohammed Qawi
Get original essayAssignment 1
ENGL R300
Basic writing
Houston Temperature
Houston, Texas.
Houston is a large metropolis in Texas, it is the most populous city in the U.S state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States, extending to Galveston Bay which is closely linked with the Space Center Houston. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas. Houston is the most diverse city in Texas is a home to many cultural institutions and exhibits.
There are different types of weather in Houston Texas. The climate of Houston is classified as humid subtropical. August normally rank as the warmest month at 84.6 F and January the coldest month at 53.1 F and the occasional severe weather of Houston mostly takes the form of flooding. As mentioned Houston climate is classified as humid subtropical which is typical of the south. While not located in “Tornado Alley” like much of the rest of Texas, spring supercell thunderstorms sometimes bring tornadoes to the area. Prevailing winds are from the South and southeast during most of the year which bring heat and moisture from the nearby Gulf of Mexico.
Houston’s temperate climate sustains tropical vegetation and allows the city’s residents and visitors and enviable outdoor lifestyle. Houston averages only 18.0 days per year with temperatures of 32°F or less and 99.6 days with high temperatures of 90°F or more. Temperatures rarely reach 100°F. Houston’s growing season averages 300 days. The normal frost-free period extends from Feb. 14 to Dec. 11. Houston has had only 14 measurable snowfalls since 1939.
Houston has a rich history of tropical cyclone hits, including the infamous 1900 Galveston hurricane, the deadliest natural disaster in United States history, Tropical Storm Claudette (1979), which produced the still-standing continental U.S. record 24-hour rainfall total of 43 inches in Alvin, Tropical Storm Allison (2001) which devastated the Houston area while becoming the costliest tropical storm in United States history, Hurricane Ike (2008) which produced a deadly and destructive storm surge along the upper Texas coast, and Hurricane Harvey (2017) which produced unprecedented flooding in Houston and surrounding areas.
Houston might not seem like much of a tourist town to locals but people come here to work or for education and not sightsee, but it does attract thousands of tourists every year with conventions going on at the George R. Brown Convention Center, the rodeo at Reliant Park and the carious “districts” (Museum and Theatre). Houston is on the vacation map for people from around the world.
Every year there are about 3 million reports of child abuse in the United States ("Child Abuse and Neglect Facts"). Abuse can be experienced in many ways including physically and emotionally. Children that has suffered child abuse in their younger years can be affected all the way into their adulthood.
Get original essaySome may say that children suffering from emotional abuse can be impacted more as an adult than those suffering from physical abuse. During the beginning years of someones life, everything they do revolves around their parents or guardians.They are the first known source of security,safety, love, understanding, nurturance and support. Growing up not having any of these has the ability to change a child's outlook on everything, typically more negative. Some forms of child abuse is ignoring, rejecting, isolating, verbally assaulting, terrorizing, and neglecting the child. According to American Humane Society, “An infant who is severely deprived of basic emotional nurturance, even though physically well cared for, can fail to thrive and can eventually die. Babies with less severe emotional deprivation can grow into anxious and insecure children who are slow to develop and who have low self-esteem” ("Emotional Abuse"). Even at such a young age children are affected by emotional abuse. Unfortunately, emotional abuse is far harder to detected rather than physical. “According to the federally funded Third National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (1996), almost three times as many children are maltreated as are reported to CPS agencies” (American Humane Association).
Child abuse is a problem all over the world and can affect a person as an adult as well. There are hundreds of adults living in the US that suffer from some form of trauma due to abuse in their childhood. Some of the most common long term effects of child abuse is impaired brain development, depression, unhappiness, substance abuse, and poor mental and physical health.
“Emma Foster, a young ASCA member died early in 2008, as a result of the impact of child abuse. She and her sister, Katie had been abused by their parish priest. Emma struggled for years to deal with the repercussions of her abuse, battling anorexia, depression, self-harm and drug abuse. She died in her bedroom, alone at the age of 26, as the result of an overdose of medication. Her sister, Katie had already received a life sentence. Struck down by a car while intoxicated from the alcohol she was using to numb her pain, Katie was left severely physically and intellectually disabled, and requires 24 hour care” (ASCA "Emma's Story").
Emma Foster and her sister Katie are only two of the thousands of abuses that affected them tremendously as an adult. We’ve all heard the saying, “Sticks and stones may break our bones, but words will never hurt me” growing up, but how much of that is really true? unfortunately, experiencing some sort of emotional abuse such as name calling can definitely hurt you, especially as a child.
Children that have suffered from child abuse have a higher risk of having a mental illness as they enter adulthood. A mental illness is known as a medical condition that disturbs the way a person is feeling, thinking, mood and the ability to do everyday functions, depending on how severe the illness is. According to National Alliance on Mental illness (NAMI) “One in four adults-approximately 61.5 million Americans-experiences mental illness in a given year… Approximately 20 percent of youth ages 13 to 18 experience severe mental disorders in a given year. For ages 8 to 15, the estimate is 13 percent” (Duckworth, M.D.).” These numbers are very high, and a good portion is from some form of child abuse experienced in their younger days. Some of these disorders that have been developed include post traumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, depression, Dissociation, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorders, Dissociative identity disorder, personality disorders and many more. Depression being one of the most popular in the united states, especially in teenagers. A lot of these younger children don’t choose to be abused, they’re brought up in an unhealthy environment and will have to deal with the possible consequences later on in life.
Have you ever seen a little kid walking to school with bruises or scars that don't look like they were outside climbing a tree and fell like their parents say? Those disturbing marks left on that kid could’ve easily been from his or her mother and father, the people they’re suppose to love and trust the most. Typically parents that physically hit or cause harm to their children usually grew up in a household where they experienced similar situations with abuse. With this in mind, they don’t realize how physically hurting their child is an unacceptable way to discipline them. With physical abuse, symptoms are a lot more noticeable than those who were emotionally abused. Some symptoms are as followed:
“Black eyes, Broken bones that are unusual and unexplained, Bruise marks shaped like hands, fingers, or objects (such as a belt), Bruises in areas where normal childhood activities would not usually result in bruising, Bulging fontanelle (soft spot) or separated sutures in an infant's skull, Burn (scalding) marks, usually seen on the child's hands, arms, or buttocks, Choke marks around the neck, Cigarette burns on exposed areas or on the genitals, Circular marks around the wrists or ankles (signs of twisting or tying up), Human bite marks, Lash marks, Unexplained unconsciousness in an infant” ("Child Abuse - Physical").
If a school administrator or a neighbor suspects a case of child abuse, emotionally or physically, they have the right to get ahold of Child Protective Service (C.P.S). Child Protective Service is an agency mandated by law that tries their best to prevent, identify, investigate, and treat child abuse and neglect. CPS has every right to take your child away and put them in better home or shelter if needed. This affects the child tremendously, both as a child and adult.
Emotional and physical abuse is a huge problem that many of us don’t think about. No child should have to go through the feeling of being unloved or not important because of their parent or gaurdian. Having the feeling at such a young age can easily change their future and how they will develop into an adult
Nomophobia is a new term used to describe the fear of not being able to use a cell phone or other devices. Many teens and young adults can now say that they most likely have this fear. Today, it is very rare to see a person with a cell phone in their hand. Some may say this is harmless while others say it could be life threating. Research has shown that not being able to stay away from your cell phone may have a connection with depression and anxiety. There is no face to face conversations anymore which can cause anxiety if you do not know how to talk to someone in person. Staying in all day on your phone can cause depression by not getting out and being active. Exercising and socializing has been shown to decrease depression in teens and young adults. Another way this is life threating is teens and young adults are now on their phones while driving. Distracted driving kills at least one person a day whether it is the distracted driver or the person in the other car. It has become a very serious issue and many teens and young adults have confessed to being on their cell phones while driving. Distracted driving has also become one of the top killers in teens and young adults. Many teens have also been hit by cars because they were on their phones and were not paying attention to where they were going. Being bent over your cell phone all day long can cause bad posture which is very bad for your spine. Having nomophobia also causes insomnia since people cannot stay off their phones long enough to get some sleep. The lack of sleep can cause some major health problems in the future and it is even life threating.
Get original essayAddiction has become a very serious problem whether it is being addicted to drugs or being addicted to your cell phone. Being addicted to something means that you have become reliant of the substance and your brain is telling you that you must have it to survive. When you first try a drug and you think it is the best feeling ever, you want to reach that same high, so you keep doing the drug. After you do the drug so many times, your brain changes to where you constantly need the drug.
I took the quiz to find out if I am addicted to my cell phone and it turns out that I am. I did not think that I used my phone that much, but I got a high score on the quiz. This worries me because it has become a very big issue in teens and young adults. Whenever I am driving to school or work, I always leave my phone in my purse and wait until I am parked to look at it. I do panic a little when I cannot use my phone because I want to keep up with the time and I worry about someone trying to get ahold of me but cannot. Who would have thought being addicted to a cell phone would turn out to be such a serious problem.
Department of tourism said, “It’s more fun in the Philippines”. One of the reasons that it is fun in the Philippines is because of it is some of the world’s greatest biodiversity and its abundance of natural resources. The natural topology and climate in the Philippines make it is so compatible for agriculture.
Get original essayAccording to World Bank, agriculture in the Philippines employs 27.7% of the Filipino Workforce as of 2017, making it the 8th largest rice producer in the world, accounting for 2.8% of global rice production based on Food and Agriculture Organization statistics in march 2011, then followed by other major agricultural crops like corn, sugarcane, coconut, coffee, mangoes, pineapple, tobacco, bananas, and abaca.
Having all of these resources given to use by nature, Poverty is still one reason Philippines is “not fun”. The Philippines' poverty rate diminished from 25.2 percent in 2012 to 21.6 percent in 2015, as indicated by the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) directed by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). In any case, notwithstanding the decrease in these numbers, there are as yet glaring issues in regards to the issue of poverty. One of the more conspicuous ones is the continued prevalence of poverty within most of the basic sectors in the country.
According to Philippine Statistics Authority’s Poverty Incidence for Basic Sectors: 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015 table, Five of the nine essential divisions controlled by the PSA — farmers (34.3 percent), fishermen (34.0), children who belongs to families with income below the official poverty threshold (31.4), independently employed and unpaid family workers (25.0) and women belonging poor families (22.5) — have higher destitution rates than the overall public (at 21.6 percent). Farmers and fishermen consistently registered as the two sectors with the highest poverty incidence since 2006. Farming is not considered sexy in most countries. Rather, it is seen as a one - way ticket to poverty and drudgery. Young people leave the countryside to seek better opportunities in urban areas.
The critical role of the agriculture sector in a country’s overall economic development as stylized in economic development literature is well known. First, it provides food in the country and raw materials for the rest of the economy. Second, it provides a significant market for the products of the non-agricultural economy, as one of the buyers of farm inputs as well as consumer goods and services produced in the non-agricultural economy. And last, as the sector grows and modernizes in the face of limited supplies of agricultural land, it releases surplus labor to the industry and services sectors. It provides job and source of living of the farmers and employment, although they work hard enough for their family, many of the farmers are poor in the rural areas where agriculture is the main source of livelihood and employment.
Thirty years on people tend to still find that people in developing countries who depend on agriculture for their living are typically much poorer even though they work hard than people who work in other sectors of the economy and that they represent a significant share, often the majority, of the total number of poor people in the countries where they live. Although, farming and agricultural living is one of the best and famous work in most of the countries, farmers do not have enough money offered by their partners. Every three months, prices received by farmers increased by at least 2%. Products are crops, livestock, fisheries and farmgate.
Developed countries such as Singapore is rich, even though they are not focused in agriculture. Singapore even held a conference which entitled Ag-Con Asia at Marina Bay Sands Expo and Convention Centre, it is mainly on producing innovative technology and business. As it has a climate for innovation, strategic location and strong skills which can transform agriculture and aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific Region.
This research paper is about the study of agribusiness and innovation of technology throughout the years. Countries who produce and import agriculture products in the Philippines and if in the later years will it overcome the poverty of the Philippines or the country stay where it were being one of the third world countries.
As stated by Dr. Rolando Dy in his Article “Changing World”, contract farming is where the farmers and buyers have their conditions of the products, its production and how it is sold and imported in other countries. Contract farming is famous and applied all over Southeast Asia, especially in the products of oil palm, dairy, seeds, vegetable and broiler chicken. In the Philippines, most of the chicken produced is in contract-grown by San Miguel and Bounty’s farm from day-old-chicks to hatching and growing.
Advantages of this contract farming is that the seller has a choice to negotiate the terms and conditions when it comes to exporting the farm products, they can also have this kind of trial and when it failed they can search for a new buyer that matches their needs. It also increased farm incomes because they have a lot of buyers to choose from, with their conditions applying to it. As buyer agrees to the condition of the seller’s contract, they have the supply of the products on time as they export it to the respective buyers. It also introduces to a higher-value and quality of crops, as the supplier will go through a stage process where they will pick the products carefully that satisfies the buyer’s needs. Buyers also has a market access whenever they are choosing or just browsing through a farm products that can add up to their market stocks.
Contract farming also has its disadvantages, example of this is the buyer’s monopoly power where the degree of price setting held by a supplier on the basis of its market share. The buyer can negotiate the price when they are satisfied depending on the price on the market and its demand of supply. Farmer’s owners can also be changed to any family farms. Bias of company towards large farms where smaller farms can also be given a chance but also has its limited payments. Looking up to other industries like sugar companies, they have a problematic issue that selling by contract farmers to other buyers who offer higher prices, thus neglecting the first one who offered because they do not have enough money to provide.
Over the years, companies have the ability to change the contract and the standards of it, like having a higher standards and strict policies, payments by other companies also causes delay when the farmers do not have anything to do, they just have to wait for them to have their income received with their both hands. While other companies’ demands to use a certain type of fertilizers, of course farmers would have to buy and look for that certain kind of fertilizers that the company wants. Farmers require to have a new equipment even though they do not have enough money to buy new technologies for them to have a much easier workload. Workers also forces to go on overtime at different times, the company also demands to have the product be delivered at a specific time.
Demand and supply of the products do not have a balance when it comes to exporting a group of companies. The demand of a certain product to produce unlimited supplies that he can sell everything what was being made. In the long run, this causes in excess of supply. Since farm products have its expiration date, negotiating and market powers are weakened because farmers are under pressure when selling their products before it becomes spoiled. They are then forced to accept low offered payments by buyers. This causes the farmers to be remained poor.
Escaping farmers from this poverty trap in agriculture. Mass poverty advanced among farmers of developed and innovative countries, it is when they tried to adopt the free-market policy, this poverty decreased upon research when they decided to adopt a public utility policy. Our country is currently trying this under free market, having the farmers’ hopes up to change the system, as Mr. Edward Tayengco stated. Changes observed when this public utility policy of symbiotic relationship between the agriculture and industry sector is strengthened. They noticed that the supplier of food and raw materials, and an adequate market for products and services from industries becomes economically healthy, this strengthened relationship can contribute to the rapid and stable economic growth of developing countries.
A new policy called “producer-controlled marketing boards.” Involves organizing and training farmers into compulsory cooperatives and legally vesting them with monopoly powers to organize the marketing commodities and policies. This new policy allows them to negotiate with companies and buyers who offers them low money that cannot sustain or not enough to their budget when exporting goods. The objective of this policy is to control supply, in order to not produce unlimited supply that will only cause the products to spoil and be offered at a low price, to raise their farm within the price range and income of the laborers, produce market power that it can be known and trusted, and lastly is to increase production and marketing efficiency with producing high quality and trusted products to be distributed.
Knowing the poverty should have a list of countries where agriculture or agribusiness is being implemented. Researchers’ type of study includes the data of expenses when it comes to producing farm goods. This data of prices and exchange rates will be used within a given computation that it will then be result of the comparison of the expenditures of each countries. If the given amount is less than the chosen poverty threshold, then that individual is considered to be in a state of poverty.
The change in real expenditures between any two time periods will reflect changes in income or prices between those two periods, the poverty head-count and the poverty rate. If in some case the capita income rises, expenditures on goods and services will also rise. The mathematical relationship between consumer expenditures and income, the marginal propensity to consume, tends to be higher for poor than for rich people. Therefore, as the income of the poor rises, some of them will begin to spend the money wisely and to spend more than the threshold expenditure per day leading it to a lower poverty head count and rate. There will also be a decreased in consumer prices that the consumers will purchase more goods and services with a high quality standard with the same budget and will also tell that an increase in real expenditures leading to a lower number of people in the poverty state.
Excellent agricultural performances lead to reduce measured poverty through both income and the price range. A high share of the poor depends on the agriculture of their incomes, higher demand is equal to higher supply. It is a natural thinking of a person that an increase of demand means that it can lower the poverty, perhaps as findings from previous research recommends, even more so than a general increase in incomes of the farmers. Similarly, because food companies such as a high share of consumer expenditures by the poor it is also tempting to think that lower food prices, such as might accompany increased food production per capita. This research is not guaranteed, an ambiguity arises precisely because so many poor people depend on farming for a living. Thus depending on what causes prices to daily. These possibilities put a question mark on the relationship between poverty and food production as an area requiring further exploration and research.
Laboratories in Argentina launched its first Agtech Acceleration Program, called “Agrotech” to identify with “agro: slang for agribusiness, in the region in 2016 with a group of no more than 10 startups with almost no funding and only early adoption from farmers. Agtech Week culminated in Congreso Aapresid, with an audience and listeners of over 5,000 farmers in Córdoba paid attention to the possibility of Blockchain and other frontier technologies by both local and international entrepreneurs and technology companies. Last year, Agtech also partnered to develop with Pulse, an innovation hub in Piracicaba, Brazil, together with Raizen, Brazil’s largest ethanol producer, to develop pilots with agtech startups.
Although there are many interested local companies, institutions and farmers trying to understand the implications of new technological developments – most of the initial interest in Blockchain, for example of this if which cryptocurrency they should invest in, technology is yet to be disrupt in the agribusiness value chain. If global agricultural production needs to grow by 60% by 2050 to meet the global demand, Latin America’s production needs to grow by 80%, according to its statistical computation, market participation and growth potential. This results in a bigger focus on yield increases, versus land expansion or higher crop intensity. In some factors, Latin America has pioneered agribusiness technology adoption by their innovation. An aspect engrained in Argentina’s Aapresid farmer association is the adoption of direct sowing practice which is no till, which lowers the soil erosion; now at 81% of Argentina’s arable land. Partnering with high technology adoption with market share, local companies have think of an opportunity to grow globally under the shadows of global leaders in their key markets.
As the venture company of Agtech focused on technology opportunities in Latin America, NXTP Labs is looking for new technology firms capturing large market opportunities where local entrepreneurs may have a competitive advantage compared to the international one. Latin America agribusiness is relevant in the global food export market, and it already has examples of successful entrepreneurs by using the innovative technology in both applying technology and agribusiness sectors to serve as role models. Latin America plays a key role in the food and agribusiness value chain and is yet to launch with prominent and high quality agtech players that can leverage regional advantages to become dominant in terms of global players. It lacks the venture liquidity track record of the United States when its market is less integrated. However, several sub-sectors provide an edge for local entrepreneurs to develop local solutions for problems shared by farmers, suppliers, processors and distributors in the certain region.
People know that agribusiness is important to many countries, as the people there is farming and agriculture is their income and source of living. Over the years, agriculture changes, technology adaptation and many farmers gained a lot of buyers with the ease of farm production. Comparisons with international experience suggest that the country is an average performer in terms of land productivity. According to Rosegrant and Hazell (2000), from 1967 to 1995, yield growth in developing Asia averaged 3.3 percent per year, with the highest growth in one of the largest population in the world which is China, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Vietnam. The lowest growth performance occurred in Nepal; the Philippines is somewhat in the middle in productivity, yield growth in the Philippines coincided with the period of the Green Revolution.
There are many changes in Agriculture within the span of 50 years, Travis Miller said and conducted a research which He finds fascinating. He discovered some key advancement when it comes to agriculture. Farmers are annoyed with the pest that destructs their farms, but through the years there are pest management through genetically modified plants; institution of integrated pest management programs. Farmers discovered plant breeding that allows high plant populations for faster productivity and supplies. Precision planting equipment so that farmers would not be bothered planting hardly and to ease their nature of work. People also came up with the good idea to a better formulated fertilizer and application equipment for a higher quality of farm products. Also global positioning system agriculture that has faster, larger and more efficient tractors and combines, mapping plant genomes that allows more rapid breeding; rapid and more accurate soil testing; and semi-dwarf wheat varieties.
Effects of this advancement in farm products includes that wheat producers have benefitted from semi-dwarf varieties, Hessian-fly, cereal-mite, and greenbug resistance that hinders pest from destructing plants. Crop management advances have made increased yields possible, when weather cooperates of course there are more products will be supplied. With the use of commercial and better formulated fertilizers also helped farmers increase yields. Soil test technology improved and aided farmers in identifying fertility of the plants needed. Innovated pest management equipment started in Texas in the year around 1972. Advances in agricultural mechanization and in reduced-till and no-till equipment has also been observed. Planting equipment does a lot of work and has come a long way from the “busters planters of the 1950s”
This advancement also increased in efficiency. Way back when a farmer only feeds 25 people to 155 in 50 years is a totally achievement to the agricultural or agribusiness industry. The reason that they have their source of living is because of the exponential growth from increased productivity.
My recommendation would be that the Philippine Department of Agriculture should organize and create a team to research the desirability organizing and operating producer-controlled marketing boards in the model of developed countries. In this way, maybe the Philippines would be a step closer to eradicating mass poverty in agriculture or agribusiness. Improvements and innovative advancement in terms of producing farm products, example of this is the ease of the workload of the farmers, although not all the works would be made by machines, farmers should be educated and trained to have an innovative and advanced mind when it comes to producing or creating new equipment. Suggesting new machine and farm products that can help them produce more goods with a high quality standard. Companies also should consider buying or negotiating to small farm, they can benefit through that with the same to large farm that the companies or industries only want.
Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.
Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.
Get custom essaySmall farms need more partnership so that they can expand their farms and produce more goods. Introduction to new materials should not scare the farmers to try, instead they should be willing to learn and with that they can think of more innovative products to their respective business. Government should fund equally and negotiate more with other countries so that the products of the Philippines would be exported to other countries and this will result to decrease of poverty of the farmers because of the many countries would trust the high quality and efficient products of the Philippines. Farmers and government should talk about the program structure to match their missions and budget of the goods. Government should provide enough budget to the farmers and not buying their products with a very low money.
Though the identity of the "editor" responsible for deleting Hamlet's final soliloquy from the 1623 Folio edition of Hamlet may be lost to history, the possible reasons for his omission of the Quarto's fifty-eight lines are as relevant and accessible to the present day as a membership card at Kim's video rental. The question posed by an editor in 1623 - to delete or not to delete - is echoed by contemporary film directors. In a 1998 interview for Cineaste magazine Kenneth Branagh defended his film's interpretation of the scene from criticism that it was artistically overdone:
Get original essay"I felt that it was an epic moment in a play where that particular beat, if it remains in the production, is somehow undervalued. It seemed to me that, in the wake of having killed for the first time, mistakenly, and with us brought in that speech through a sort of summing up of Hamlet's understanding of his predicament as he perceived it at that time, and given where he was and what he was seeing, that it was a huge moment, and so I wanted from Patrick a huge, stirring anthem."
In addition to amplifying the scene with sweeping crescendos and flamboyant cinematography wherein the camera zooms out to reveal a tiny Hamlet in the shadow of Fortinbras's massive army, Branagh chose to give it a final punch by making it the final scene before the film's intermission, thereby allowing extra time for his audience to reflect upon its meaning. But Branagh's adamant insistence on the scene's importance is by no means a universal sentiment. Michael Almereyda's 2000 adaptation of the film has Ethan Hawke recite the soliloquy in an airplane toilet. And Franco Zeffirelli cut the scene entirely from his 1996 film starring Mel Gibson.
This modern discrepancy in film adaptations can be used as a tool to illuminate the original controversy of the scene in 1623, and more importantly, the significance of the scene itself. How can one director find the scene utterly crucial to the plot and another director deem it unnecessary and disposable? Why does it exist in the Quarto and not the Folio? How is the play altered when the scene is eliminated? The answer to these questions lies not only in the text itself, but also in the reaction of the audience to its meaning. This essay is my attempt to unravel the scene's mystery by looking closely at the omitted text itself, and its role in the larger scheme of Shakespeare's play.
Hamlet's conversation with Fortinbras's captain is initially a somewhat straightforward exchange of information, but the tone of the passage intensifies with the Captain's line "Yes, it is already garrisoned" (4.4.27). This line triggers a sudden epiphany in Hamlet, and the philosophical tone of his response implies that the conversation has suddenly become more significant to him. The Captain uses the word "garrisoned" in reference to the specific plot of ground in Poland, but for Hamlet the "garrisoned" field in Poland is a symbol of man's will to protect his convictions. The land, like a man's honor, is of no monetary value, yet it will always be protected and barricaded within the human psyche.Hamlet's mental jump from the microcosm of a Polish field to the macrocosm of universal human sentiment is made evident in his reply "Two thousand souls and twenty thousand ducats will not debate the question of this straw" (4.4.29). His use of the word "straw" instead of "land" signifies his mind's equation between the Polish field and human emotion."Straw" is the debased form of grain, of little value and highly flammable - just a man's honor is commercially valueless yet extremely volatile substance. The popular expression "man of straw" was used even in Shakespeare's time to describe a man with shallow convictions and the expression "in the straw" as a euphemism for childbirth. Thus "straw" is Hamlet's way of likening the present situation in Poland to a universal human frailty and susceptibility to emotion. Hamlet realizes that no amount of money or military strength can successfully "debate" or challenge the straw of true human conviction. Yet Hamlet is still aware that these convictions, like straw, are potentially harmful; they are the "impostume of much wealth and peace" (4.4.30), self-given cancers which cause men to die willingly for illusory ideals.
The exchange described above is the cornerstone of the scene and the driving impetus of Hamlet's soliloquy. In between the his conversation with the Captain and the beginning of his soliloquy, Hamlet has a brief interaction with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern wherein Rosencrantz asks "Will't please you go, my lord?" and Hamlet replies "I'll be with you straight. Go a little before" (4.4.34-35). These two short lines implicitly foreshadow the deaths of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, which occur "a little before" the death of Hamlet.
More importantly, however, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern epitomize the fallacy of human conviction that Hamlet ponders in the scene. From the moment of their arrival Rosencrantz and Guildenstern follow the King's orders without question. In their initial discussion with Claudius and Gertrude, Rosencrantz states, "Guildenstern states "But we both obey/And here give up ourselves in the full bent/ to lay our service freely at your feet/To be commanded" (2.2.27-34). Rosencrantz and Guildenstern become victims of their own shallow convictions and their unconditional obedience - their blind compliance with one king's orders results in their death by another king. Thus their brief conversation with Hamlet is a significant as a preface to his soliloquy as they provide a direct parallel to "The imminent death of twenty thousand men/That for a fantasy or trick of fame/Go to their graves like beds" (4.4.64-66).
Hamlet's soliloquy at the end of the scene is his final soliloquy in the play. Inspired by his conversation with the Captain, he becomes increasingly obsessed with the notion of Fortinbras's troops dying for a "fantasy." By the end of the soliloquy he has resolved to dismiss his previous apprehensions about seeking revenge, yet he has not actually decided to act. His dramatic conclusion, "My thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth!" (4.4.70) reveals that he only intends to change his thoughts, not necessarily his actions. He arrives at this resolution via a twisted mental journey in which the rationality which previously subdued him is overcome by a sense of honor, an intense human emotion which, like the "straw", cannot be won over by rational alternatives.
Ironically Hamlet overcomes his rationality in a somewhat rational manner. The tone in the beginning of his soliloquy implies a sensible and sane contemplation. He first admits that his revenge is "dull," an acknowledgement to himself that he has never been naturally predisposed toward a rash, impulsive act of bloody revenge. He then attempts to logically determine the value of revengeful emotion in order to decide whether his "dull" revenge should be sharpened. He realizes that a man who adheres strictly to rationality can only "sleep and feed," and a person who neglects emotion in the name of rationality "A beast, no more" (4.4.34). He reasons that humans are distinguished from all other animals by their unique ability to utilize time by remembering the past and planning for the future, and that God would not have blessed men with such a capability "to fust in us unused" (4.4.43).
This invocation of God's desire marks a pivotal point in the soliloquy in which Hamlet abandons logical reasoning and extols irrational action. The defeat of his rationality becomes glaringly apparent when he accuses himself of both "bestial oblivion" and "thinking too precisely on th' event" (4.4.44-45). In his enthusiasm to justify his plan for revenge, Hamlet ignores the paradoxical nature of his thoughts and fails to realize that it precisely his "thinking too precisely on th' event" which separates him from "bestial oblivion." This contradiction illustrates the core psychological conflict with which Hamlet struggles: Is it more suitable to the human condition to act upon reason or sentiment? The answer to this question is achieved by Hamlet in his soliloquy; his use of reason to justify sentiment is evidence that both rationality and sentimentality are necessary to avoid "bestial oblivion" and achieve true humanity.
Hamlet's abandonment of rationality is inspired in great part by his exaggerated admiration of Fortinbras, who he describes as "a delicate and tender prince/Whose spirit with divine ambition puffed/Makes mouths at the invisible event" (4.4.52-54). Hamlet is awestruck by Fortinbras's ability to rally not only himself but thousands of men to fight for a triviality. Hamlet's romanticization of Fortinbras is ironic in that Hamlet's father murdered Fortinbras's father, and the vista of Fortinbras's army that Hamlet observes is a direct illustration of Fortinbras's capability for revenge. Thus Hamlet's admiration for Fortinbras is immediately self-defeating. Hamlet is admiring the very capability for revenge which will bring about the demise of both himself (when he is killed by Laertes) and his kingdom (when it is taken over by Fortinbras).
Hamlet's high regard for Fortinbras is so intensely felt that by the end of the soliloquy it resembles envy: "How stand I then/That have a father killed, a mother stained/And let all sleep, while too my shame I see/The imminent death of twenty thousand men" (4.4.60-64). Yet even as Hamlet feels shame for his feebleness, he recognizes the preposterousness of his admiration for Fortinbras. He describes Fortinbras's army as fighting "for a fantasy and trick of fame." His use of the word "trick" indicates that his common sense continues to battle his emotions, and he is aware that the entire ideology embodied by Fortinbras is but a "fantasy." Though he is conscious of the absurdity of his sentiment and states "the numbers cannot try the cause" (4.4.67), Hamlet is ultimately won over by an emotional conviction to embrace bloody thoughts. The soliloquy's conclusion serves as a resounding emphasis to Hamlet's initial observation that no rational device - neither money nor armies - will be able to "debate the question of this straw" (4.4. 28-29).
If Hamlet's final soliloquy is an illustration of his decision to favor sentiment over reason, its removal from the text alters the significance of the last scene. As mentioned above, his conversation with the Captain causes Hamlet to realize that honor, though not a tangible object, is "already garrisoned" by men; in other words, the desire to protect honor is a basic human instinct. If the conversation never took place, however, Hamlet's understanding of the other characters in the play would alter because he would not have realized that their actions were based on a "garrisoned," uncontrollable human response.
For example, if his conversation with the Captain is what truly enables Hamlet to respect the virtues of honor, the sympathy he feels for Laertes in the final act becomes questionable in its sincerity if the Captain scene is removed. Before the duel Hamlet apologizes to Laertes, informing him that, "What I have done that might your nature, honor, and exception/Roughly awake/Here I proclaim was madness." Since his awed admiration of "honor" is only expressed in his final soliloquy, its deletion from the text renders Hamlet's apology dubious. How could Hamlet genuinely empathize with Laertes' "terms of honor" (5.2.261) if he has little respect for honor itself?
If Hamlet's perceives honor only as a shallow human fallacy (and he seems to before his encounter with the Captain), then his apology must also be shallow and his eager agreement to allow Laertes to avenge his honor, "I will embrace it!" a cynical comment (5.2.268). Indeed Laertes, unaware of Hamlet's new regard for honor, accuses Hamlet of mocking him when Hamlet claims, "I'll be your foil, Laertes; in mine ignorance/Your skill shall?stick fiery off indeed" (5.2.272-275). Hamlet's soliloquy supports this statement as genuine, the absence of the soliloquy suggests Hamlet is being sarcastic.
Thus Hamlet's final soliloquy is proof that he is capable of empathy, that he has overcome his "bestial oblivion" and become human. Without the soliloquy's revelation, all of Hamlet's actions in the final scene are arguably performed out of his rationality. Even his final decision to murder Claudius can be seen as a logical choice given that his imminent death will exempt him from any bad consequences of his actions. If the emotional rebirth embodied by the last soliloquy is absent from the play, Hamlet's final act of revenge is as passionless as a honeybee delivering its single stinger into the hand which has already squashed it.
Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.
Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.
Get custom essayThus the soliloquy provides crucial evidence that Hamlet's character develops over the course of the play and suggests that even the actions of the most extremely rational men can be influenced by fallible human sentiment. This disturbing conclusion may be the reason why editor's and director's are compelled to delete the soliloquy - the prospect that logical human beings can loose their ability to control their impulses is extremely frightening. Nonetheless, the final, convincing testament to the soliloquy scene's importance is Hamlet's choice to use his last breath to give Fortinbras his kingdom. He does this out of deep appreciation for Fortinbras, who unknowingly inspired Hamlet's emotional renaissance. Hamlet's statement "He has my dying voice" (5.2.393) is a thoroughly emotional revelation and a conclusive confirmation of his psychological transformation.