Our Previous Samples

Slavery was the primary provoking factor that made a Civil War break out in the U.S. This was because there was a clear distinction between Northern Abolitionists and people in the South who heavily relied on slavery, because they were required for their agricultural based economy. This issue escalated when the cotton gin was invented because slaves were needed to work the machines in order to produce/clean the cotton. There was only a small percentage of the South’s population that actually owned slaves. This was because they were so expensive to buy, but they were profitable, as Planters made about a 10% profit from slaves annually. Even the people in the South who didn’t own slaves benefited from them, as they helped their overall economy, therefore they supported slavery. In attempt, to convince the opposite side that their view on slavery was more necessary or morally correct, many authors wrote essays about slavery and their opinion on the issue.

Multiple authors argued that slavery was a positive institution. One of these authors was John C. Calhoun. In document A, his key argument in defense of slavery was that it was, without a doubt, necessary for the South’s economy, and he argued that “the political condition of the slave holding states has been so much more stable and quiet than that of the North” (Calhoun). His argument has some merit because the South relied heavily on agricultural and in order to make a profit off of their plantations, Planters needed slaves to do the hard labor of planting, caring for, harvesting, and cleaning cotton as well as other crops. However, I believe that in the long run, the South would've been better off without slavery, because in many aspects slavery was holding the South back, such as their industries. There was only 10% of America’s industry in the South, compared to 90% in the North. In order for the south to progress they needed to learn about and use the industries more. Another author who believed slavery was beneficial, was George Fitzhugh. George viewed slavery as favorable for the poor laborers and thought that slavery helped them by giving them a house, food, and clothes. He argued that the free laborer had a lower social status than slaves. As he thought that free laborers sometimes didn’t have a house or a steady job. Fitzhugh also states that the statics of crime were higher for the free laborer population than the slaves. I don’t think there’s any merit to this argument because slaves were treated extremely poorly, with minimal regard for their safety, health and well-being. They lived in poor conditions, some living outside with hardly any clothes or food to survive. It was also out of fear of being shot and killed that they didn’t usually commit many crimes, not that they had higher moral superiority.

On the other hand, there were numerous authors that opposed slavery and wanted to eradicate it from the nation. One of these authors was Theodore D. Weld, whose position was radical, he was vehemently against slavery of any kind. He believed slavery was absolutely outrageous, as he said in document C, “The slaves in the United States are treated with barbarous inhumanity” (Weld). His position was radical because he didn’t wish to use militant force to abolish slavery, instead he wanted to collect eye-witnesses’ statements and facts to present in a testimony. The collection of all this evidence would’ve certainly helped to bring an end to slavery. It would’ve provided the appalling facts of the slaves’ conditions that were needed to prove how wrong and sinful slavery was, as well as the fact that it was unconstitutional because the slaves had little to no rights. Another abolitionist author was James G. Birney. He believed slavery was unjust in the eyes of God and men had no right to carry out slavery, as he thought it was just as bad as murder. Birney’s position on slavery was radical because he strongly states his very significant thoughts on slavery, and he doesn’t believe slavery is right in any way and thinks it should be ended immediately. His words were definitely beneficial to bring an end to slavery because it helped people who had not seen slavery first-hand, to be able to connect it to something everyone knew and agreed on as very wrong (murder, incest, adultery and blasphemy).

He also reminded Christians that God would not approve of slavery. An additional author who absolutely despised slavery was William Lloyd Garrison, who was a radical abolitionist and his position on the matter was almost militant. He demanded an end to slavery, and he strongly stated in document G, “On this subject, I don’t wish to think, or speak, or write with moderation,” (Garrison). Instead, he was determined to set every slave free, and he wasn’t afraid to make the owners of slaves, and everyone who was not against slavery, suffer. Garrison’s strong words and determined actions definitely contributed to the end of slavery. This is because, as he clearly expressed in his writings, he would firmly stand against slavery, apply any force needed to abolish it and would not give in easily. The Declaration of the American Anti-Slavery Society was a group of abolitionists who were strongly against slavery and believed that colored people should have the same rights as any white American. Their position was radical because they openly spoke out against slavery, wanted to stop the institution, and believed that colored American should have the same rights and privileges as any other American.

I think groups such as this one, would have had more of an effect when trying to stop slavery because the government is more likely to listen to a group of people than just one person, and as a group they could do more to attempt to stop slavery and save slaves than a single person. Henry David Thoreau was another radical abolitionist, who believe slavery was absolutely disgraceful and immoral. He explained that if the government tolerated slavery then he would not obey the government. He believed that if he obeyed any laws that were unjust and required him to go against his conscience, in order to obey the government then he would be indirectly supporting slavery. Therefore, he said that if any law is unjust or makes a man go against his moral beliefs, then he should break the law. His position was radical because he was willing to break the law in order to end slavery. His actions and words would further help people (mostly in the North), to understand how wrong and unethical it was and therefore, influenced more people to try and halt the spread of slavery.

However, no one person could end slavery by them self, but radical Abolitionists did greatly influence people’s view on slavery, and prevent its spread. It was evident through David Walker’s writing, such as “Appeal in Four Articles with a Preamble to the Coloured Citizens of the World”, that he deeply opposed slavery as well. His position was radical because of how strongly he spoke out against it, and also militant because, as he stated in document H, he believed, “That unless you speedily alter your course, you and your country are gone!!! God Almighty will tear up the very face of the earth!!!” (Walker). Although some may see David Walker’s along with many other radical abolitionist’s position on abolishing slavery to be too strong and violent at times, these people’s words and actions were necessary in order to bring an end to slavery. This is because they helped others realize how horrific and shocking slavery was, which influenced people living in the North to be highly against it spreading into other parts of America. Without these radical abolitionists, slavery was likely to end but over a longer period.

To conclude the essay, I agree with Henry David Thoreau’s position on civil disobedience concerning slavery. Civil disobedience is justified when the law that they are disobeying is completely unjustified, unfair, or immoral. If everyone just obeyed a law that was wrong, then our country wouldn’t improve and problems such as slavery wouldn’t be solved. For example, Henry Thoreau refused to pay his poll tax because he didn’t want his money going to a government that tolerated slavery. The government was doing this to keep the peace between the South and the North, as they didn’t want a civil war, but Thoreau believed this was still very wrong, and he didn’t want to encourage slavery in any way at all. Although, this alone didn’t end slavery, it did show the government that he did not support slavery, along with multiple others and it did influence many other people’s ideas on slavery.

Throughout American history there have been many achievements and accomplishments that set America apart from the rest of the world, but what society fails to notice is the racial oppression and violence that the blacks have endured throughout history and today. In the essay, Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates, and the poem, Between the World and Me by Richard Wright, the authors both use language to convey a message that how America’s history has been violent against blacks and how it hasn’t changed much. This is seen in the way both authors approach the ideas of how blacks have been mistreated through history and how many Americans today cover the facts of the past up. But in comparison of each other, the essay written by Coates accounts for how the oppression and unjust treatment of blacks have led to a loss of innocence amongst the black youth versus in the poem where Wright is accounting for the loss of faith in a higher being.

In the essay, Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates, the author uses his writing to his son to convey the messages about how the black population is facing hardships such as oppression, dissimulation of the mistreatment of blacks, and the loss of innocence amongst the youth of black Americans. Coates writes about the oppression of blacks in America through lenses focusing on the past and the future. In the essay he uses slavery to show the reader that the oppression in the past was focused on white Americans committing violent acts against slaves in order to institute fear within them to gain power and control over them for personal gain. This idea is portrayed by this quote, “And so enslavement must be casual wrath and random manglings, the gashing of heads and brains blown out over the river as the body seeks to escape.” (Coates, 15).

In this quote Coates is describing the different forms of torture and punishments that the slaves would be put through in order to show us, the readers, that the hardships of the past for blacks were filled with violent acts. Coates also goes on to writing about how the treatment that the blacks received in the past are still in effect today through administration of the police and not white slave owners. “The destroyers are merely men enforcing the whims of our country, correctly interpreting its heritage and legacy. This legacy aspires to the shackling of black bodies.” (Coates, 4). In this quote Coates is writing about how the law enforcement today is focused on enforcing the old ideologies of America, slavery and inferiority, onto the blacks through the destruction of black lives and black bodies. In addition to the hardships that the black community faces through oppression, the black community also is put through the concealment of America’s mistreatment to blacks. This idea is portrayed in the example where Coates recollects of when he was talking to a journalist and it goes like so:

When the journalist asked me about my body, it was like she was asking me to awaken her from the most gorgeous dream. I have seen that dream all my life. It is perfect houses with nice lawns. It is Memorial Day cookouts, block associations, and driveways. The Dream is tree houses and the Cub Scouts. And for so long I have wanted to escape into the Dream, to fold my country over my head like a blanket. But this has never been an option, because the Dream rests on our backs, the bedding made from our bodies. And knowing this, knowing that the Dream persists by warring with the known world, I was sad for the host, I was sad for all those families, I was sad for my country, but above all, in that moment, I was sad for you.

This recitation of the encounter with the journalist by Coates shows us that even though the history of black mistreatment is everywhere; many people would rather ignore it and enjoy living the dream life, not worrying about how they got there or how others are affected by their actions. Another place where Coates shows a concealment of mistreatment is revealed to us by this quote: “They were rebelling against the history books that spoke of black people only as sentimental “firsts” — first black four-star general, first black congressman, first black mayor—always presented in the bemused manner of a category of Trivial Pursuit. Serious history was the West, and the West was white.” (Coates, 10). In this quote Coates is reporting how the Americans don’t equally represent blacks throughout history and the when a black person makes history they are put into the “category of Trivial Pursuit” and not into textbooks where everyone can learn about them. The final hardship that the black community faces, according to Coates, is the loss of innocence amongst the black youth in America.

This idea of loss of innocence is laid out by Coates writing about his youth life being raised in Baltimore. “To be black in the Baltimore of my youth was to be naked before the elements of the world, before all the guns, fists, knives, crack, rape, and disease.” This shows a loss of innocence because Coates is being exposed as a kid to bad influences in his life that other kids are not being introduced to and this shows how the black youth of America are not being sheltered from harmful elements of the world. In similarity to the last point, another place where Coates demonstrates how the black youth looses innocence is shown by this quote: “The boy with the small eyes reached into his ski jacket and pulled out a gun.” (Coates, 6). During this encounter Coates describes to the reader how when he was only in 6th grade there were boys like him carrying around guns and threatening people and this shows a loss of innocence because a kid growing up should not have to go through the stress of not knowing who might kill them every day. After analyzing the examples from Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates, it is seen he uses writing to convey messages about how the black population is facing hardships such as oppression, dissimulation of the mistreatment of blacks, and the loss of innocence amongst the youth of black Americans.

In the poem, Between the World and Me by Richard Wright, the author uses his writing about a person finding a body of a tarred black man to expose the oppression and unjust treatment of blacks, concealment of history, and the loss in faith. Wright portrays the oppression of blacks during the past through the way he writes about how a black man was being tortured by his white captors, and when the he was trying to talk the whites was watching him angrily and chanting for worse things to happen as seen by this excerpt from the poem:

The gin-flask passed from mouth to mouth, cigars and

cigarettes glowed, the whore smeared lipstick red

upon her lips,

And a thousand faces swirled around me, clamoring that

my life be burned....

And then they had me, stripped me, battering my teeth

into my throat till I swallowed my own blood.

My voice was drowned in the roar of their voices, and my

black wet body slipped and rolled in their hands as

they bound me to the sapling. (Wright, 33-42)

This quote shows that the idea that unjust treatment and oppression of a black man amongst the white captors was prevalent because even if he tried to speak they would give no consideration to what he says. This relates to the Coates essay because Coates uses examples of how blacks who are oppressed do not have a say in society in the past and in the present and Wright connects to Coates by agreeing with him how blacks are being oppressed and they have no say as seen by the guy who struggled to stay alive. Likewise the author also portrays to us the history of blacks being tortured has been hidden away and concealed from anyone knowing through this quote. “And one morning while in the woods I stumbled suddenly upon the thing, Stumbled upon it in a grassy clearing guarded by scaly oaks and elms And the sooty details of the scene rose, thrusting themselves between the world and me…. There was a design of white bones slumbering forgottenly upon a cushion of ashes. ” (Wright 1-8). This quote, under close analysis, shows us that the narrator stumbled upon the remains accidentally and the author uses the phrase, “thrusting themselves between the world and me” (Wright, 5-6), to show that the narrator suddenly gains a new level of understanding that the rest of the world shelters away when he comes across the remains.

This relates to Coates because in the Coates essay he talks about how the history of black mistreatment and torture is hidden away and disregarded through American history. The final idea that the author portrays throughout the poem is the idea the loss of faith. This loss of faith is seen in multiple places throughout the poem and here is one of the places. “here was a design of white bones slumbering forgottenly upon a cushion of ashes. There was a charred stump of a sapling pointing a blunt finger accusingly at the sky.” (Wright, 7-10). This quote is symbolic in the way that the charred sapling next to the remains is pointing accusingly to the sky which can be seen as a reference to how the guy who was burned to death accuses the heavens above for letting him die in agony and pain. The next place where a loss in faith can be seen is in this excerpt: “Now I am dry bones and my face a stony skull staring in yellow surprise at the sun….” (Wright, 53-54). This is described as a loss in faith because as the guy dies he dies looking up to the sky in surprise of his death and how the world can be so cruel and unjust to him and as he looks up the sun just looks back him without any emotion. This is in comparison to the Coates because in the essay Coates talks about the loss of innocence in kids and how it happens so early in their life that it changed them forever. This is different than Wright because Wright instead talks more about the loss of faith in the guy who is dying because of the horrific experience he is put through. In conclusion the poem, Between the World and Me by Richard Wright, exposes the oppression and unjust treatment of blacks, concealment of history, and the loss in faith amongst blacks.

Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.

Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.

In conclusion the essay, Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates, and the poem, Between the World and Me by Richard Wright, both use language to convey a message that how thought America’s history the black community is affected negatively by the white washing of modern day society. This is shown to us in the way both authors approach the ideas of how blacks have been mistreated through history and how many Americans today and in the past cover the facts of the past up. But in comparison of each other, the essay written by Coates accounts for how the oppression and unjust treatment of blacks have led to a loss of innocence amongst the black youth due to exposure to bad influences as children versus in the poem where Wright is writing about how the unjust treatment and oppression has lead to a loss of faith amongst blacks. This similarity in shared ideologies across the writings of Richard Wright and Ta-Nehisi Coates goes to show how the society today should look back at history so that the oppression and racism against the black community can be thwarted from continuing on into the future.

Table of contents

1. Tor Design
Tor relay selection algorithm
2. Tor Network
3. The Onion Routing
Onion RoutingShadow

Note that every hub, aside from customer itself, knows just of its predecessor and successor. Besides, the activity is encoded so just the exit hub can comprehend what movement is conveyed between the customer and the server. Aside from the protocol itself, the second essential part of the TOR arrange are directory servers. directory servers are confided in hubs that contain a list of all the dynamic tor hubs alongside their information (e.g. bandwidth, cryptographic keys). Customers utilize directory servers to get a list of dynamic OR hubs from which they will randomly choose a subset to be utilized to access some service.

Understand that the anonymity is accomplished through the accompanying systems:

1. Distributed nature of the TOR hubs that fall under diverse managerial control.
2. Randomness in the choice of the hubs that the TOR client will use to convey activity.
3. The dynamic difference in the chose hubs.

Any alteration to the first TOR convention must not bargain those components so any progressions have to be deliberately dissected.

Tor Design

But, to make it difficult for the destinations to backtrack any client movement. This is given first by the encryption of client identity and the data it holds and afterward by making a pseudo identity for the user. The lack of definition of the customer is accomplished by routing the traffic through three randomly chosen relays viz. Entry guard Relay, Middle Relay and Exit Relay and by giving layered encryption to the information at each level. The determination of these relays is arbitrary and repetitive. Random, in choosing any three relays, regardless of their attributes and repetitive, in the intermittent choice of a new circuit. The packets that should be sent to the server are encrypted thrice utilizing session key exchanged each with the three relays. The packet is then sent and each layer decrypts utilizing its own session key and forwards the decoded packet to the following relay. This way when the Exit Relay gets the packets, it sends the packet to the server and the server sees the Exit relay's IP Address as the client's IP Address[12]. The layered decryption at each jump involves the originality of the packet which is requested for both in terms of format and content.

Tor relay selection algorithm

There are presently (as of Tor version 0.1.1.23) two sections to the algorithm that Tor uses to choose the relays in a circuit, with the initial segment being the selection of entry guard and after that the second part concentrating on the choice of the accompanying relays. Entry Guard Selection Algorithm stresses on arranging transfers in light of their data transfer capacities and uptime. The parameter of arrangement was picked as data transfer capacity, predominantly to improve the moderate idea of Tor circuits which was credited to the irregular determination of relay guards. This irregular choice was eradicated by sorting the gatekeepers as quick and stable. quick watches were the ones whose data transmission offered was above the middle data transfer capacity of all the transfers, while stable gatekeepers were the ones whose uptime was more noteworthy than the middle uptime of all the transfers. Uptime is a measure of security that characterizes the measure of time a framework has been working and accessible.

By utilizing uptime as a parameter, it is guaranteed that an aggressor can't simply make new transfers and begin getting activity promptly. As per the calculation, a section monitor needed to be quick and stable. In spite of the fact that this alteration made the circuits stable, it bargained on the secrecy of the passage watches as just a particular few transfers were currently qualified to fill in as passage monitors. Further, the periodicity of choosing another circuit was hampered when the condition that another section monitor could be There are right now (as of Tor adaptation 0.1.1.23) two sections to the algorithm that Tor uses to choose the transfers in a circuit, with the initial segment being the choice of passage watch and after that the second part concentrating on choice of the accompanying transfers.

Section Guard Selection Algorithm stresses on arranging transfers in light of their data transfer capacities and uptime. The parameter of order was picked as data transfer capacity, mostly to improve the moderate idea of Tor circuits which was credited to the irregular determination of hand-off watchmen. This arbitrary choice was eradicated by arranging the gatekeepers as quick and stable. quick monitors were the ones whose data transfer capacity offered was above the middle data transmission of all the transfers, while stable gatekeepers were the ones whose uptime was more prominent than the middle uptime of all the transfers. Uptime is a measure of steadiness that characterizes the measure of time a framework has been working and accessible. By utilizing uptime as a parameter, it is guaranteed that an assailant can't simply make new transfers and begin getting movement instantly.

As per the calculation, a section monitor needed to be quick and stable. In spite of the fact that this alteration made the circuits stable, it traded off on the namelessness of the passage watches as just a particular few transfers were presently qualified to fill in as passage watches. Further, the periodicity of choosing another circuit was hampered when the condition that another passage watch could be picked just when the old one was inaccessible was brought into impact. The ones that were inaccessible were dumped and resigned. In routes more than one, the determination of passage protects was confined to a constrained pool.

The second algorithm also called the Non-Entry Relay selection Algorithm worked on enhancing the anonymity factor of the non-entry guards. It distinguished, that the main algorithm was discovered ailing in this viewpoint. In this manner the entire framework of picking just the best transfers was cut down and a new determination criteria was stated. A consistency in determination of the transfers was given primal significance. This algorithm guaranteed that the quick and the stable transfers weren't the main transfers chosen rather it ensured that they were chosen more frequently[14]. Stress was laid on choosing transfers that were appraised stable. Additionally, Tor labels a couple of ports as long-lived and if the traffic transiting a way utilizes one of these long-lived ports, Tor will enhance the way for security by pruning the rundown of accessible routers to just those that are set apart as steady. The Tor Path Specification illustrates the algorithm in more detail.

Tor Network

Tor is an application-level overlay network empowering anonymous communication among users and arbitrary Web goals through onion directing. Customers make an anonymous communication to a server by tunneling their traffic through a chain of three Tor relays. In this segment, we first, present the Tor system and afterward introduce its essential task and the protocol of hidden services. Tor is an overlay arrange for anonymous communication in which every onion router(OR) keeps running as an ordinary client level process with no exceptional benefits. It is an open source project and gives anonymity administration to TCP applications. Each OR keeps up a TLS association with each other OR on the other hand. Every client local software called an onion proxy (OP) to search directories, set up circuits over the system, and handle connections from client applications.

These onion proxies acknowledge TCP streams and multiplex them over the circuits. The OR on the opposite side of the circuit connects with the required goals and transfers information. The accompanying parts are engaged with the run of the typical utilization of Tor network: Tor clients: A Tor customer asks for the information to be downloaded from the server. It installs a local software, onion proxy (OP), in which application information is packed into equal-sized cells (512 bytes) and transfers them into Tor network. A cell is the fundamental transmission unit of Tor. Onion routers (OR): The ORs are the relays volunteered by various volunteers everywhere throughout the world. Directory servers: Directory servers hold the data of ORs and hidden services, for example, general public keys of routers and hidden servers. Application servers: It supports TCP applications, for example, a web service and an IRC service.

The Onion Routing

Onion Routing

Onion routing is a sort of anonymous system with a few encryption layers stacked. The layers are peeled one by one to get the first information. Each layer comprises data about just a single next destination address in networks hop. For the most part, onion routing has three phases, i.e. connection setup, data movement, and connection tear-down.

TOR oversees making communication paths amongst sender and receiver. The principal phase of onion routing is connection setup in which data dispersed to each relay inside server scope. Each relay obtained decoding keys for every onion routing layer. The second stage is information development where information sent from both client and server utilizing algorithms and keys characterized before. The third stage is connection tear-down to close down the onion routing network tear-down to shut down the onion steering system among relays or between both relay endpoints from information transmission when required.

As an utilization of TOR, for the most part TOR program is utilized to determine three fundamental issues of security protection inside a PC network, i.e. to keep client area tracking from sites, servers, or different services; to maintain a strategic distance from information transmission tracking or spying by unapproved outsider or internet service provider (ISP); and to fight off each relay from extricating data about sender and receiver, with the exception of its hop network as it were. Each relay in TOR systems has two keys, a long-term key, named identity key, and a short-term key, called onion key. Identity key is utilized to sign digital certificate made by an authority, relay descriptor records, and directory. In the interim, onion key is utilized to decode network wayfinding within client request.

TOR client introduces an onion proxy (OP) application to handle connection setup and routing through TOR network. OP recovers an accord from an index server. Accord comprises of a rundown of accessible TOR hubs, otherwise called relays or onion routers, which made hourly. OP then arbitrarily chooses three hub, called a circuit, i.e. entry or guard node, middle node and exit node. Essentially in TOR recreations, DirecTORy experts send accord records to customers. The documents made and concurred by all direcTORy experts. There are nine direcTORy experts in TOR project, recorded in TOR project site. Every TOR relay interfacing with direcTORy expert to get flags that used to make agreement reports. At that point, Registry specialist sends the records to every customer. Customers assemble a system directing comprises of three relays, guard relay, middle relay, and exit relay. The relay chose by flags sent by direcTORy experts.

Shadow

Shadow is a discrete- event test system based upon the distributed virtual network (DVN) test system used to mimic TOR Project utilizing shadow- plugin TOR. It can keep running on a host with normal equipment prerequisites. TOR embodied in a plugin made out of application code and different capacities to associate with TOR network. Each TOR condition stacked once in memory, and module enlists all memory addresses for all TOR variables. At that point Shadow deals with each duplicate of the memory region for every node in the simulations. Shadow loads plugin powerfully and runs virtual hub indicated in simulation scripts.

Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.

Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.

The communication amongst Shadow and module takes put through callback interface actualized by the module. When it is executed, the module running a non-blocking application. Henceforth occasions exchanged inside schedule utilizing framework calls blocked by Shadow and coordinated to capacities in the hub library. It coordinates TOR to a reenactment situation without TOR source code changes. Each reenactment run made out of handling stage which permits client access to Shadow charges to make modules, to assemble and associate with arranges, and to make hubs. Each occasion in reproduction contents made, and it begins until completed the process of as per the schedule characterized or timeout.

According to a new research, teenagers are found to be eight times more likely to be involved in a car accident in the three months after passing their driving test. This is an alarming news for parents especially when you want to start teaching your teenager how to drive. A recent article by Very Well Family, provided a checklist of what parents should teach their teenagers about driving, and the necessary skills they need to be reminded of for a safe or an accident-free driving.

Parents should make sure to teach them very well and observe mastery on their part. Pressuring them to do it right away will be bad since it’s a process.

Stage 1: Learning About Your Vehicle

Stage 1 is about the general orientation of how the vehicle works and what the driver needs to know about the car. Give them a car manual while doing hands-on demonstrations. At the end of it, they should be able to know the following:

• How to start and stop the engine
• How to turn on and off headlights and parking (or running) lights
• How to turn on and off and to adjust windshield wipers• What the various lights on the dashboard mean
• How to fasten seat belts
• How to fuel the vehicle, check the oil, and inflate the tires
• How to change a flat tire
• What to do in case of an accident

Stage 2: The Basic Skills

In this stage, the teen driver will be taught on what they need to know in maneuvering the vehicle. Most of these skills can be learned in empty parking lots. At the end of this lesson, they should be able to do the following:

• Make safe turns, both left and right, including signaling
• Stop the car smoothly
• Shift gears if using a manual transmission
• Back the car safely and straight
• Show awareness of his or her surroundings

Stage 3: Interacting with Other Drivers and Distractions

This stage is what we also call defensive driving and communicating with other drivers. They should be able to learn how to operate a vehicle safely with other drivers, parked cars, pedestrians, and the environment. These skills require beginning in the easiest which is a residential street and gradually move up to different road situations until they feel comfortable and confident. At the end of this stage, your teen should be able to:• Navigate safely through an intersection, including those with signals, four-way stops, two-way stops and uncontrolled intersections

• Make a smooth and safe lane change
• Maintain a "safety cushion" around the vehicle when in traffic
• Drive courteously
• Operate within posted speed limits and obeying traffic signs
• Safely cross railroad tracks• Use mirrors and check blind spots

Stage 4: Parking and Other Turns

This stage is more about parking. Parking is different and most teens get into minor car accidents because of this. Again, teaching them in an empty lot can gradually increase difficulty. They should be able to learn the following during this stage:

• Park safely on a hill, uphill or downhill
• Safely parallel park
• Safely pull into and out of a 90-degree parking space
• Safely pull into and out of a diagonal parking space
• Make a safe U-turn• Make a safe three-point turn

Stage 5: Advanced Skills

The last stage requires everything they learned in the first four stages. Don’t start this stage unless you think that they’ve learned everything under control. At the end of stage 5, they should be able to:

• Drive safely on the freeway, including merging, lane changes, and maintaining safe distances from other vehicles
• Drive safely at night
• Drive safely in ice, snow, and wet weather

Teaching Responsibility in Driving

Throughout the driving lessons, you should be able to discuss them the responsibilities of driving. Here is a list of the responsibilities they need to take note of:

• Car maintenance: knowing to check their vehicle’s engine before driving, changing tires and putting up a warning sign in case of emergencies
• Passenger safety: ensuring his safety and others by making sure the seatbelts are always worn
• Pedestrian safety: teaching your teenager to slow down in school zones, residential area, pedestrian lanes and not mindlessly honking
• Following the law: there are road rules that they need to learn and abide by
• Distracted driving: not using phones or anything that will distract them from focusing on driving
• Financial responsibility: make them understand the costs of driving, the oil change, filling the tank and car insurance
• Responsibility for other drivers: be courteous with other drivers and knowing what to do in an accident

These learning safe driving skills and stages will help them be safe on the road.

Table of contents

1. Encourage Education
2. Increase Independence
3. Help Promote Health
Why Empowerment is Important
4. Sources

According to the World Bank, women represent 49.56% of the world’s population, and yet despite these significant statistics women continue to be subordinate to men. In some parts of the world this inequality manifests in discrepancies in salary; in others, it is witnessed in access to healthcare or other basic resources outside the home. The momentum for change is slowly building, though, and it can be further bolstered by taking steps to empower women around the globe. This article offers some essential ways to empower women in an effort to build a greater sense of connectivity between the worldwide female population and a stronger global economy overall.

Encourage Education

One of the most effective ways to empower women is to extend educational opportunities to them, because education not only informs but empowers itself. A basic means of such education is to promote literacy efforts. The World Bank reports that more than 17% of the international female population is illiterate. This percentage calculates to more than 1.3 billion women who struggle with reading or cannot read at all, which presents a monumental barrier to communication and to involvement in the community and participation in business. Beyond the basics of literacy, education in the realm of job skills can also take women great strides to advance. Teaching women around the world how to perform business-oriented tasks or talents can boost the likelihood they will go on to form their own business, which in turn can benefit the overall economy.

Increase Independence

Another essential in the pursuit of female empowerment is the cultivation of a sense of independence. Again, this independence can be scaled to different regions. In some regions of Nepal, for example, women are not allowed to leave their homes without permission, so programs that encourage women to just physically leave the house can be crucial. Independence can also be encouraged by fostering within women the importance of strong financial decisions. Education on opening individual savings account as well as options for micro-grants or loans that might be available can help conjure a sense of financial independence that can embolden women to make more significant decisions in both the personal and professional realms.

Help Promote Health

A final key component to women’s empowerment is the promotion of adequate and accessible health care. Women deserve equal participation in general health care initiatives as well as education on preventative measures for various diseases and conditions. Women can also gain inspiration from initiatives that inspire psychological wellbeing. Women who can participate in community social or professional networks can both feel more connected and also more capable, thereby further promoting a sense of independence and control.

Why Empowerment is Important

Women’s empowerment can boost women’s independence and self-esteem, make them more active contributors to society, and build sense of female community where currently there might be little to none. Beyond these individual benefits, though, studies show that empowerment of women can also be a boon to their families and their larger communities. Studies by the United Nations revealed, for example, that increased female participation in local business has been shown to boost the area’s overall economy. Greater education of women has also been shown, among other benefits to children, to decrease infant mortality rates in some regions. What these figures reveal is that the empowerment of women can help everyone, and, given the already promising economic impacts of women becoming active in the global economy, that empowerment hopefully will continue to grow to everyone’s benefit.

Sources

1. “10 way to empower women.” READ Global – Inspiring Rural Prosperity © 2016.
2. “Facts and Figures: Economic Empowerment.” United Nations Commission on the Status of Women.
3. “Population, female (% of total).” The World Bank © 2017.
4. “Literacy rate, adult female (% of total).” The World Bank © 2017.
5. “Women’s Empowerment Principles.” United Nations Commission on the Status of Women.

The aim of this report is to discuss ethical and social issues of Nakia, stakeholders included, transparency about its ethics and social responsibility, code that addressed values and corporate social responsibility and how the corporation account for its ethical and social responsibility. The adaptive cycle will be used to connect the different stages of the reorganization stages of Nokia.

Nokia introduced two models as Lumia 920 and 820 on September 5, 2012 by focussing on Pure view camera technology. But the ad showed an Optical Image Stabilization feature of Lumia 920 which was caught and proved to be fake. Neither the still image nor the video was taken with Lumia 920. The company issued formal apology for the advertisement by saying it as a disclaimer representation of OIS only.

Moreover, Microsoft took over Nokia handset along with a licence for its patents leaving Nokia with Redmond based software and Nokia Siemens Network (NSN). Because of this it slumped badly as Samsung and Apple were in the face of challenge at top end of the smartphone market and Chinese “white-box” at the low end by making ultra cheap smartphones with features of Nokia. Since it began selling windows phone in 2011, less revenue was generated.

• Consumers: These are the most important people for Nokia and their commitment not only reflect their product’s quality, but also their approach to various environmental, social and ethical issues. Nokia cares of their customers and other stakeholders.
• Shareholders: The importance of sound and ethical business practices to both mainstream and investors was recognized by Nokia and it continued to meet the needs of investors by exploring the ways to increase it range of services for them.
• Operators: Throughout the service delivery chain, Nokia ensured its leading operator customers a socially responsible practices.
• Employees: Nokia offers them education, training and development programs, rewarding good performance. It implemented different schemes to improve working environment and culture, conducted employee surveys by designing employment guidelines in order to make Nokia a better place to work.
• Government: As a partner member, Nokia joined Sustainable Energy Europe 2005-2008 and was the 1st mobile communication manufacturer to do so. This aims in raising public awareness and promote this energy production, private companies and public authorities, professional and energy agencies across Europe.

Transparency about its ethical and social responsibility

The transparency that company shows for its ethical and social responsibility is very lucid. Nokia corporation always believes in showing the mirror image of itself to its customer and employees. They have addressed the environmental (low carbon economy) and social issues that company is facing nowadays and their target to resolve such issues. They focus on three priorities for environmental issues which are as follows: energy efficiency, managing substances in their products and take-back and recycling. They are doing what they claim to do.

Effects of CSR work at company

• Helps to strengthen relationships with customers and its employees.
• More number of retention in customers.
• Better business reputation.
• Encourage Nokia to aware people about their new technological products
• One step ahead from competitors

Table of contents

1. Ethical Values
Progress TrapTechnological Determinism
2. Conclusion

Ethical Values

Mobile phones have both negative and positive impact on the society, but the negative impacts are weighing more than those of positive. Nowadays, more and more people use the cell phone technology to get access to anything in the world, but this can create many security threats in the society. Many people use the current cell phone technologies to get access to mobile banking, mobile wallet and social medias thinking that they are safe but, there is a loop hole in our mobile technology which can be easy interpreted by talented computer programmers who knows hacking because, our technologies have not yet advanced to compensate the needs for the growing world. Our cell phone technology is still far behind than we are expecting. Even though mobile phones have provided a new era of communication for the world to have live interactions with other people far away from us.

Progress Trap

The mobile phone usage can result in a significant threat to the health of the users. Many concerns have been raised on the cell phone radiation that causes other severe health hazards in humans. The mobile phones normally use microwave frequency for communication during its usage. Radio frequency (RF) which is emitted by the mobile phones has a bad effect on the human health. They also emit radio frequency in between, while they are in standby mode. The high level radio frequencies (RF) emitted by the mobile phones can cause heating of body tissues and also there is a high level of electro magnetic energy which is similar to those found in gamma rays and X rays, which can iodize the body tissues in human beings.

Thus the high level of radio frequency (RF) emitted by the mobile phones can result in increase of the body temperature and damage of the body tissues. Moreover cell phones have become an instrument for constant interruptions in business and social environment. The ringing of phone during strategic meeting session may interrupt the smooth and regular business of the meeting (Solway, 2010). Also, children tend to check some of the sites which are banned children. Thus cell phones can significantly influence a child’s social and psychological developments (Want, 2006). Many people who are constantly using the cell phone are unaware of the aftereffects of looking into the cell phone display for too long. It can partially or fully destroy the vision of some people. It actually affects the cornea of the eyes and the eyes gradually starts to get dilated, which is symptom of corneal contraction.

Technological Determinism

Nowadays, people cannot live without a mobile phone. The development of technology is not possible without mobile phones. Now people can take photos, videos, share chats and views, browse in high speed internet and even face to face live interaction is now possible with the introduction of smartphones. The development in communication sector has contributed a lot in the overall development of the world. Today, the current generation is living in a world where they can access anything in their fingertips. Oftentimes, people perceived the inventions of these gadgets as both cause and effect of the continuous changing of culture (“Blackwell reference online”,2007). Cell phone companies are trying to create new technologies in smartphones in order to meet the growing demands of the human population.

Conclusion

In a nutshell, the invention of cellular phone in the year 1973 by Martin Cooper made the change in field of communication and within this few years the cell phone industry has grown drastically and created many advancements in its technology. The modern development in cell phone technology is the invention of smart phones, which focus on the needs for the modern world. They run on high capacity processors and huge memory capacity then the old versions of them. The performance of a smart phone depends on its RAM and operating system (OS). Basically, there are 4 types of OS and they are Android, I OS, Windows and Java. Even though they are more useful for the people they have many adverse effects on the society as well as for the human health. The increasing number of smartphone users has also made the number of patients in society increased. The radiations emitted by these gadgets cannot be solved by humans and we will have to suffer its aftereffects. So, in total cell phones have both good and bad effects on the society.

Fight for Freedom, but Get Judged in the Process

All people deserve to change their life whenever they choose. The freedom of choice has not disappeared just because someone goes from making minimum wage to thousands of dollars a week. Teens are vulnerable at this time in their lives and can be influenced greatly, but their freedom of choice isn’t taken from them just because there are young celebrities making personal decisions. Although people believe celebrities hold a high level of responsibility in teaching values to younger generations, these celebrities got into the media business to flaunt their talents therefore a career change shouldn’t become a moral issue.

When people think of child stars they think of how lucky these children are; getting rich and famous for a talent they have or just by knowing certain celebrities. There was a time in each celebrity’s life when they were average people, and they would do what anyone else would do if they get paid large amounts of money for a specific talent; keep doing it. But as it is pointed out in many legend stories, too much money can change a person for the worse. In the words of Miley Cyrus “I was growing up, I didn't even notice that I started making all this money. There's something about new money that makes people change” (Blasberg). Child stars don’t create their own image for the public to see, that is what their managers do. Managers find an image to place these young stars into even if it doesn’t match them at all; it’s not about sharing the child’s values, it’s about what will make everyone involved the most money in the end. Unfortunately when these public images are made, the thought of the child getting older usually isn’t a topic that is thought about; just because they are made celebrities when they are young doesn’t mean they are immortal.

Celebrities who were able to express who they are from the start are truly the lucky ones. Lady Gaga made her own image from the moment she released her first single. She is an extremist who isn’t afraid of what people have to say against her, which ended up allowing people to accept her as a whole. “Gaga, after all, was never sold to us as an innocent tween role model, and so we expect her to behave like this: to push the envelope, to use one of the more euphemistic expressions available” (Purple). What the audience expects directly determines how they will react to a certain celebrity or performance, but the behavior they accept is different for every celebrity. There is no rule book of morals people depend on when watching TV or listening to the news gossip; the opinion of a celebrity has been drawn and they are not allowed to stray from what they are supposed to be. It is also difficult for celebrities to explain their bold behavior when the goal of the media today is still to entertain, but to also take advantage of celebrities’ mishaps at the same time. Performing at the VMAs for example, started out as a way to honor celebrities who have worked hard in pleasing the public and are granted a chance to wow the live audience with a performance but now it is for “the assembled media wait breathlessly to see who will produce an “OMG” moment that can be replayed on cable news and “Good Morning America” for the next week” (Lowry).

Teens are a large percentage of the audience watching these celebrities’ every move. A lot of these teens view these celebrities as the main idols in their lives, so when a celebrity chooses to change his image completely, it severely effects those teens who identified themselves by that celebrity’s previous image. Teens are vulnerable because they are in search of their identity as a person which leads directly to who they will become and “The power of the celebrity has taken control of these teens and ended with negative influences” (Gauna). With how the media has transformed from entertainment to the glorification of unhealthy habits like drug abuse, unprotected sex, and alcohol, it is not teens’ faults they accept these behaviors into their own lives. But “we're not naive enough to imagine we can fail high school, make a sex tape that goes viral and then BAM a TV crew swoops in and all of a sudden we're the stars of a hugely successful TV show. And we're certainly not dumb enough to accept what we see on screen as the gospel truth” (Keogh).

It is unfortunate to think that the freedom of choice hasn’t come far enough. The value of choice has become undermined by society and the media taking hold of what they can to make the most money they can. The manipulation people are suffering from the media about what is acceptable is out of control. When the ability to choose what lifestyle one is going live is wrongfully taken away, it affects every aspect of one’s life. Most children are told any type of lifestyle is achievable if they try their best, but this advice has recently been distorted. Being watched or not, celebrities as well as teens deserve the benefit of the doubt as well as the freedom of choice of how to run their own lives.

The value of choice should be available for everyone. Freedom is for all people, not just to those who judge people they don’t personally know. Teens do have the ability to take control of their own life potential, if they choose. So when the blame is put on celebrities for forcing younger generations into a destructive lifestyle, these celebrities behave in a way that expresses themselves; they aren’t responsible for every teen watching.

Table of contents

1. Computer Crime
2. Intellectual Property
3. Software Piracy
4. Job Displacement

Ethical dilemma is a decision between two alternatives, both of which will bring an antagonistic outcome in light of society and individual rules. It is a basic leadership issue between two conceivable good objectives, neither of which is unambiguously worthy or ideal. The unpredictability emerges out of the situational strife in which obeying one would bring about transgressing another (Melissa, 2017).

The utilization and spread of information advancements has been reformed and supported by the rise and improvement of computer innovations. Electronic systems have permitted trade of information, yet it has additionally accompanied new difficulties. Rights and obligations in the way accessible information is utilized have offered ascent of some ethical problems. Ethical difficulties enormously influence organizations and particularly private companies that might not have huge capital costs and mastery to manage ethical situations in the usage of innovations.

Computer Crime

Computer crimes have commonly been referred to as e-crime, cybercrime as well as electronic crime, these are activities that are performed by experienced and knowledgeable computer professionals normally called hackers. The activities in their basic nature are illegal as they tend to revolve around unlawful manipulation of individuals and organizations information. This normally involves browsing or stealing individuals or organizations private information. Most computer crime is done with malicious intents of corrupting or destroying computer systems or data files (Chron, n.d).

Intellectual Property

Protected innovation is the production of a business and incorporates the name, outlines, creations, pictures and images that an organization employs. The achievement of a business to a great extent relies upon these aspects. Information technology has enabled different organizations to duplicate these innovations from others and utilizes them as their own. A portion of these developments are from the medium-size firms (SMEs), whose endeavors may not be completely used hence don't increase any monetary earnings. This is because their creations are unprotected and are normally taken by enormous organizations who can afford to rapidly market the developments or item. To maintain a strategic claim to these developments, the SMEs should patent their developments, therefore keeping contenders from mimicking or duplicating their products (Chron, n.d).

Software Piracy

This is the unlawful duplicating of programs, regardless of whether purposely or unconsciously. Programming theft disregards copyright assertions. In 2002, 39 percent of business application programs were pilfered in the U.S. Programs theft can be exorbitant, particularly for organizations, as it prompts noteworthy misfortunes. In 2002 alone, the software business in the U.S. lost an aggregate of $13 billion. There might be contentions that individual theft may not be unscrupulous as it prompts computer education and may even prompt future buy of the product. Be that as it may, the predicament may come in when theft is done on an expansive scale, as this will prompt genuine misfortunes for programs makers, particularly the individuals who are little scale makers. Huge organizations like Microsoft can scarcely feel the misfortune as they have an approach to secure their product yet little scale organizations would enormously be affected as they are probably going to bring about huge misfortunes, which may in the long run prompt the conclusion of their businesses. Independent venture firm’s motivation to keep making new programs is likewise diminished as they fear their works would be pilfered (Chron, n.d).

Job Displacement

The utilization of information technology may require less spending of labor and this has made ethical predicaments by constraining a few organizations to decrease their workforce. Different organizations give their representatives a greater number of parts than required, in this manner, expanding work pressure. Constraining representatives out of their employments or giving them more work without included advantages is deceptive. The individuals who have lost their occupations ought to be adjusted, yet this is troublesome for littlest scale organizations since they need adequate assets to do as so (Chron, n.d).

Table of contents

1. Introduction
2. John G: Ethical Analysis
The principle of maleficenceThe issue of justice
3. Conclusion
4. Works Cited

Keywords: Organ transplant,Health care,Surgery,Medical ethics,Transplantation medicine,Physician,Morality,Nick Cassavetes

Introduction

The movie John Q, directed by Nick Cassavetes, explores the riveting story of the Archibald family. John Q Archibald, his wife Denise, and son Michael are an average family, but their lives drastically changed when one day Michael collapses while playing baseball. Rushing him to the hospital, John Q and Denise worry for their son. After several tests, they are informed by Dr. Turner and the hospital administrator, Rebecca Payne, that Michael has cardiomegaly and will need a heart transplant. Desperate to keep their son alive, John Q and Denise scramble to get the cash they need to keep their son in the hospital. John Q tries to talk to their insurance company but is told that their policy doesn’t cover the hospital bill. John Q becomes frustrated and baffled at the fact that he pays each month for health insurance but will not be able to use it to help his son.

The hospital does not wait for the Archibalds to acquire the $75,000 down payment, and decides to release Michael from the hospital, essentially telling John Q and Denise that their son will go home and pass away. Unwilling to give up on his son, John Q makes the bold decision to walk into the hospital with a handgun and gather hostages, one of which is Dr. Turner, in the Emergency Department. He demands that his son be put on the recipient list as soon as possible. As the day goes on, the police and SWAT try to make plans on how to get John Q out without hurting the hostages. However, John Q doesn’t want to hurt anyone, he simply wants to save his son, and eventually releases a few hostages in exchange for his son’s name to placed on the list. Finally, once Michael is brought back to the hospital, John Q reveals his intention to commit suicide so his heart can be used to save his son. He persuades Dr. Turner to perform the operation and the hostages to bear witness to his act. In a climactic plot twist, Denise learns that there is a heart from a donor that can be used to save Michael. She rushes to try to tell John Q, but he is shown pointing the gun to his head in the scene. In the nick of time, she stops John Q from ending his life, and miraculously, Michael receives his heart and is saved. However, John Q must now go to court and await his sentencing. The public have mixed feelings about this; some think that John Q should go to jail for his actions while others believe his actions were justified because of his intention to save his son. Throughout this storyline, viewers are given examples of ethical dilemmas in healthcare intertwined into the Archibald family’s life and navigation of healthcare for their son.

John G: Ethical Analysis

Ethical dilemmas are situations that occur when there are conflicting values and cause distress and controversy for those involved- in this case, healthcare professionals and patients. In healthcare, there are several important ethical issues that are closely studied due to their plentiful yet controversial nature. Issues that fall within these ethical principles are often found widely across the United States in hospitals, in which hospitals find themselves trying to reach a balance. These issues include autonomy, nonmaleficence, and justice. Autonomy involves allowing the patient to be included in decision about all aspects of their care. Nonmaleficence is the concept of ethics in which the healthcare professional must try to balance the risks and benefits of care while doing no harm. Lastly, justice is fairness, especially regarding the fair distribution of healthcare resources.

The principle of maleficence

One major ethical issue portrayed in this movie is the principle of maleficence. As previously mentioned, this principle involves the idea of “doing no harm,” which was contained in the original Hippocratic oath taken by healthcare workers like doctors. When the hospital decides to let Michael go because they are tired of waiting for John Q to come up with the down payment, “do no harm” might be said to be forgotten because they have discharged Michael from the hospital when he is not in a stable condition. With the condition of cardiomegaly, the heart becomes enlarged. This can be due to an underlying illness, such as a heart valve disease. In the movie, they do not mention what caused Michael’s cardiomegaly, and only mention that he needs a heart transplant. His condition and treatment are not focused on much in the movie, so it is not made aware what the doctors were doing to treat Michael. By sending Michael home, the family must essentially wait for Michael to pass away. This is harmful because the family does not want this option and would like to save their son, but the hospital insists on discharging Michael. Help is supposed to be offered to those in need, yet because insurance won’t cover the surgery, they send him home to die. More research of this ethical topic needs to be implemented so that new strategies can be developed to help nurses, physicians, and other healthcare workers collaborate to resolve these dilemmas and reduce patient harm. This will help patients, such as a patient like Michael, get better treatment focused on patient safety and care while reducing harm.

The issue of justice

Another major ethical issue presented in the movie is the issue of justice, the fair distribution of resources to the population. Because John Q and his family do not have enough money to pay for the surgery, the hospital requires the Archibalds to make a cash payment. This seems rather counterintuitive because the family cannot afford the surgery yet are required to pay thirty percent of the cost just to have their son’s name placed on the organ transplant recipient list. When it comes to the allocation of resources, dilemmas are often found plentiful. As seen in the movie, regarding organ donation, organs must match with the recipient and it is often a list system. This can create several challenges for organ transplantation, including how to allocate the organs when the number of possible organ recipients is higher than organ donors. This is difficult because many families and patients find themselves in similar situations to the Archibalds. The organ recipient list can often be long and the process to be placed on the organ recipient list is not always guaranteed. A patient must be referred by a physician, and other factors, such as insurance, must be considered. In addition, decisions made in the healthcare setting are often impacted by a person’s financial status. For example, in a study focusing on the relationship between a patients’ insurance status and access to care, the researchers found higher odds for uninsured patients to be transferred to another hospital despite hospital capabilities. This creates an ethical dilemma relating to justice because this does not allow for proper, just care for all, but rather just for those who can afford it, and patients may be sent home without enough care, as demonstrated with Michael’s care. This ethics concept can be explored more through the examination of other questions of justice, such as if healthcare resources should be available to as many people as possible or ensuring that all people receive resources equally, or specifically the examination of who should or should not receive a transplant. Using the example from John Q, a consideration might be to not make organ transplantation an elective surgery, as described in the movie, and place it under something that can be covered by health insurance, that way families do not have to try to obtain cash to pay for care they need or not even have the option to possibly receive this type of care.

Conclusion

The movie John Q presents ethical dilemmas that are found in the healthcare setting that need to be studied and furthered investigated. The viewer connects to the characters, especially the young boy Michael who has so much life left to live. The sense of anger the movie is able to provoke about the state of the healthcare organization and how it turned away people in need persuades viewers to perceive John Q and his family as people with good intentions and the hospital as the wrong-doers. Because this was a film, the producers were able to create a happy ending for the Archibald family, but that is not always a guaranteed promise in real life. Again, these ethical issues, such as justice and nonmaleficence, impact the relationship between people and the healthcare system, so it is important to think about these ethical principles and how healthcare can change to help take care of all patients.

Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.

Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.

Situations like this happen everyday in the United States. Families aren’t qualified to payfor health care and they’re placed in situations resembling as this. Ethics is questioned when asking a family to make a cash payment to save the life of a child. This was aworking class family who didn’t have the to pay for the heart transplant deposit. They vended fair everything they had and still wasn’t good to come up with the moneybags. To add to the uneasiness the sanitarium tried to release the child knowing he wasn’t near good condition and would not live much longer without the transplant. The hospice should have had more options for the family besides telling them to make a cash payment. I feel it’s the responsibility of the hospice to help everyone especially those who need life saving treatment.

Works Cited

1. Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2019). Principles of biomedical ethics. Oxford University Press.
2. Cohen, L., & Schillinger, D. (2017). Principles and practice of transplant infectious diseases. Springer.
3. Daar, A. S., & Reisman, A. (2017). Transplantation ethics. Taylor & Francis.
4. Danovitch, G. M. (2015). Handbook of kidney transplantation. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
5. Delmonico, F. L., & Martin, D. E. (2018). A history of organ transplantation. University of Pittsburgh Press.
6. Elliot, S. (2017). Is there a duty to die?. Oxford University Press.
7. Humber, J. M., & Almeder, R. (Eds.). (2017). Biomedical ethics reviews 2017. Springer.
8. Rady, M. Y., & Verheijde, J. L. (2019). Ethical controversies in organ transplantation. Oxford University Press.
9. Siegler, M., & Winslade, W. J. (2019). Clinical ethics: A practical approach to ethical decisions in clinical medicine. McGraw Hill Professional.
10. Voo, T. C., & Goh, B. L. (2019). Handbook of transplantation. World Scientific Publishing Co.