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We have always heard that drinking milk is very important for our overall health. After all, milk is fortified with a range of vitamins including, vitamin B2 and B12, vitamin A and D, as well providing a source of calcium, pantothenic acid, selenium, biotin and protein which can aid our general health. In this essay, we will discuss what homogenized milk is as well as the difference between homogenized milk and pasteurized milk.
Get original essayHomogenization is a completely separate process than pasteurization, so you can have pasteurized milk that hasn’t been homogenized and vice versa. Most of the milk you see on the supermarket shelf is both pasteurized and homogenized and a lot of people don’t understand the difference between the two. Pasteurization is a process that most people are familiar with. This process quickly heats and then cools the milk to kill harmful microbes and germs in milk.
Homogenization is a mechanical process and doesn’t involve any additives. And much like pasteurization, arguments exist for and against it. It’s advantageous for large-scale dairy farms to homogenize milk because the process allows them to mix milk from different herds without any issues. By preventing cream from rising to the top, homogenization also leads to a longer shelf life which is attractive to consumers and also allows large farms to ship greater distances and do business with more retailers. Homogenization makes it easier for dairies to filtrate out the fat and create two percent, one percent and skim milk. But as with most mechanical processes, when you homogenize milk, you not only change the size of the fat globules, you also rearrange the fat and protein molecules which could alter how they act in the human body. Finally, it is the next step after pasteurization. Manufacturers use it to alter milk for human consumption. While pasteurization involves heating the milk to kill bacteria, homogenization involves processing milk so that the cream does not separate. This results in a well mixed beverage that has the same consistency throughout the final milk product. Finally, Homogenization makes it easier for dairies to filtrate out the fat and create two percent, one percent and skim milk.
Homogenized milk passes through small tubes during processing. These tubes reduce the size of the fat molecules in the milk. This allows the fat, or oil portion of the milk, to remain mixed in with the water portion. During pasteurization, milk’s white cells collect on the bottom of the vats after heating. The homogenization process also helps to reverse this action and redistribute the white cells throughout the milk.
A process first developed by Louis Pasteur in the 19th century as a method to keep wine fresher for longer, pasteurisation was one of the first processes to be industrialised during the commercial mechanisation of foodstuffs, It's importance lies in the eradication of harmful bacteria; heat-treating kills off heat sensitive pathogens to reduce the risk of zoonotic diseases such as tuberculosis, E. Coli, salmonella and Campylobacter Jejuni. Raw milk contains gut bacteria transferred from the cow or goat which can be lethal to humans and so the adoption of pasteurisation as a safety measure in the reduction of pathogenic risk became widespread in the dairy industry, and for most countries in the world it is a legal prerequisite before being able to sell any milk product as a sanitary measure due to the health risk associated with unprocessed milk. In addition to this, there is also a secondary benefit to pasteurisation in the extension of product shelf life during refrigeration.
Pasteurisation is defined as a heat treatment which is less than F0=3, the minimal heat treatment needed to sterilise food – this is equivalent to heating at 121.1°C for 3 minutes. In comparison to the sterilisation process, pasteurisation is a milder set of heat treatment options over a range of temperatures from 60°C to 115°C.
It’s not just the cool packet in your kitchen that makes this possible but the way the milk and other foods are specially treated before they reach your home. The key is a process called pasteurization, where fresh foods are heated briefly to high temperatures, to kill off bacteria, then cooled rapidly before being shipped out to grocery stores. By greatly increasing the shelf life of packaged foods, pasteurization has proved itself to be one of the most important food-preservation technologies ever developed.
With non-pasteurized milk, you are not getting the same level of nutrients that you would otherwise have in other kinds of milk. This makes it very unique and ensures that you won’t have to worry about any serious health issues. When it comes to other kinds of milk, there is a whole host of other issues that could pop up. This means that if you are someone that is very concerned about getting the right amount of added nutrients, make sure you are drinking pasteurized milk are not.
The trouble with milk pasteurization is that it can undermine the quality of the milk. Not only does pasteurization kill bad bacteria and pathogens, it also kills or severely damages some of the most important nutrients in the milk, nutrients that make milk the whole, nutrient-dense super food that its proponents claim it to be.
It might sound paradoxical that pasteurized milk would have fewer nutrients, but the truth is that pasteurized milk has fortified minerals rather than naturally-occurring ones. This can be a problem because most fortified minerals and nutrients aren’t as bioavailable as the naturally-occurring counterparts. So sure, you might be getting good-tasting milk, but it isn’t providing the same level of benefits.
Pasteurized milk often features lots of hormones and other synthetic byproducts. While many of these have no known side effects, we as humans haven’t been consuming them for very long. So the jury is still out on whether or not they are good for us over many years. It is possible to have pasteurized milk that hasn’t been homogenized and homogenized milk that hasn’t been pasteurized.
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Get custom essayThe main difference between homogenized milk and pasteurized milk is pasteurization is better than homogenization. Pasteurization has a small effect on the vitamins naturally found in milk. Overall, drinking pasteurized milk is still the safest way to enjoy the health benefits of milk.
A cultural environment is a set of beliefs, values, practices, customs, and behaviors that are discovered to be shared amongst the ones that are living within a certain population. They consist of the influence of religion, family, education and social systems. On the other hand, the institutional environment includes the combination of regulations, customs and norms widespread in states, societies, professions and organizations which shape organizational behaviour and outcomes. This essay will describe the background of Groupon and Tencent as a company. Secondly, this study will look at the nature of the failure by analyzing the differences between Chinese and American culture and institutional environment using the Globe cultural dimension and the Psychic distance dimension. Lastly, this essay will look at how Groupon and the top management could address the failure for the future course of action.
Get original essayOver the years there has been a greater evidence of globalization with the shift from domestic to international business activities. This has increased the abilities to function in cross-cultural situations, institutional environment and additional knowledge required to succeed in the fast-paced, diverse and complex global economy. Culture and institutional environment influence numerous aspects of international business such as negotiations, international management, and marketing communication strategies, business relations and decisions concerned with brand and consumer behaviour. An understanding of cultural and institutional differences can allow firms to gain competitive advantage on the global market. As a result firms not implementing cultural and institutional environment into their business strategy can affect the development of business in host country.
Groupon is an American online local e-commerce platform that connects merchants to consumers by offering goods and services at discount (Reuters, 2019). It offers goods and services in three primary categories of local deals, Groupon goods and Groupon Getaway. In February 2011 Groupon entered China by setting up a joint venture partnership with Tencent Holdings Limited, where Groupon invested $8.6 M for a 40% stake in the GaoPeng joint venture. Tencent Holding Limited operates as an investment holding company. The company provides internet and mobile value added services, online advertising, and e-commerce transaction through its subsidiaries.
Groupon failed in China because of their assumption that their one size fit business model will work in China. The one-size-fit model included the same strategy used in the US and Europe to hire employees using high salary approach (Lee, 2018). The company also used western management structure using expatriates to operate in China because their hiring strategy did not go well. Similarly, Groupon used aggressive sales and marketing tactics to build a relationship with local vendors and local consumers. Additionally, Groupon did not consider the importance of building Guanxi and trust with its partner Tencent.
The cultural environment significantly varies across countries and also within the boundaries of a country or a market such as rural areas and metropolitan. The cultural differences are important because they can determine the MNEs success. In order for the company to success in the foreign market, the firm has to add value to meet the desires of the local market, this means understanding the cultural environment of consumers. As a result understanding the culture is about identifying and understanding the cultural dimensions.
According to the GLOBE study, cultural dimensions can be classified into nine categories of power distance, in-group collectivism, institutional collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, future orientation, gender egalitarianism, assertiveness, humane orientation, and performance orientation. The cultural dimensions are separated into two variants of values (society as it is) and practices (society as it should be). The GLOBE study defines In-Group Collectivism as a degree to which people should take pride in and should feel loyal towards their organizations and employers. Based on GLOBE study the U.S. practices are lower than values while China’s values are relatively higher than practices. Drawing out from the GLOBE model it can be interpreted that China is a highly collectivist culture society, their practice is higher than in America, where people act in the interest of the groups and take care of each other in exchange for loyalty. In contrast, Groupon did not consider this factor (practice medium) because it hired expatriate managers to run its operation in China who did not have a local understanding of culture. As expatriate managers were hired, this resulted in employees being managed in western style (individual level) as reverse to how Chinese employees would want. This approach of management style led to very low efficiency and employees did not respect or feel loyal to their managers. Henceforth, Groupon experienced a high turnover of employees.
Uncertainty avoidance is described as a degree to which culture’s people should rely on procedures, rules and norms to ease the unpredictability of future events. According to GLOBE study findings, the US values are higher than practices while Chinese values are relatively higher. The findings suggest that the US value strong resistance to change and rely on formal strategies and procedures but doesn’t practice much. This can be applied to their performance in China when they used the one size fit all strategy which was previously successful in Europe, which they thought will be effective in China. The one-size-fit strategy included a high-salary approach to attract and find the best employees China had to offer. However, this did not go well in China as a number of large Groupon competitors fought back by stating that if employees leave to work for Groupon, they will not be rehired by any other firm within the alliance. This resulted in the failure of hiring local managers, hence Groupon hired expatriates.
Assertiveness is based on the degree to which a culture’s people are (should be) aggressive, assertive and confrontational with others (Virkus, 2009). The globe study findings suggest that China values assertiveness more compared to the U.S. Nevertheless, the U.S. practices assertiveness at a relatively high level compared to China. This practice was seen when Groupon used aggressive marketing tactic at their Super Bowl ad to communicate with consumers. The script was quoted saying “people in Tibet are in trouble”, “free Tibet”, “culture in jeopardy”. This was seen as politically insensitive because China has a history with Tibet and was one of the national minorities living in China at the time. This showed Groupon’s ignorance and had a bad reputation among Chinese consumers. Additionally, Groupon’s aggressive sales tactics of giving their partners 10% of profit instead of 50 % made local vendors taken back. This is because in China local vendors normally have the upper hand when negotiating with group buying operators. Groupon’s assertiveness can also be linked to their aggressive strategy to enter the Chinese market and their assertiveness of firing employees and shutting down offices without informing or giving an explanation to the employees.
The institutional environment plays a significant role in MNEs growth and prosperity as firms entering a foreign market are subject to the liabilities of foreignness. MNEs not knowing the rules and regulations when expanding to a new country can have a severe effect on the organization. Psychic distance plays an important role in the institutional environment because it presents a supporting structure for perceiving and formulating opportunities. Psychic distance is defined as factors that interfere with the flow of information between the firm and the market. Psychic distance is a broad view and features other than cultural norms that influence business strategies (Ionascu, Meyer and Erstin, 2004). The psychic distance dimensions include geographic distance, cultural differences, language, education, technical development, economic development, logistics and infrastructure, political systems, legal systems, regulations, business practices, and business ethics. Sousa and Bradley (2006) direct that the greater the cultural differences between the two countries, the greater is the psychic distance.
Geographic distance is the physical distance between the home and the host country. It is perceived that the higher the geographical distance, the higher the perspective differences are between home and host country in terms of a diverse set of institutional conditions. The distance between China and the U.S. is too big, therefore the cultural differences were too large for Groupon to overcome. Although Groupon operates as an online platform and the geographic distance did not really matter, however, it’s business strategies required the company to build a relationship with local vendors to enter the Chinese market. The perception of Groupon that relationships did not matter in business caused barriers to understanding the vendors and further build relationships.
The perception of language comprises the variance in the script, the tonality used, a language written and the pattern of discourse. Chinese rely heavily on indirect communication, less on words, and use silence as a tool to communicate. This indirect communication is focused on expression and the tone of the voice drawing meaning to it. Tencent had warned Groupon about the issues they were facing but Groupon failed to understand the meaning behind it and insisted on doing business its way. This can be linked to the perception of Americans that they think the American way is the right way of doing business. Tencent founder Pony Ma commented to the reporter’s question regarding Groupon, by saying that he did not want to say anything bad about its partner Groupon but the Chinese market is immensely different from America. This message had an indirect meaning to Groupon but the company failed to understand. It can also be perceived that Tencent did not want to cause conflict and argue with Groupon to create harmony in the partnership and save face. On the other hand, Americans are perceived as direct communicators and tend to express their message verbally and get to the point. This practice can be seen in Groupon’s aggressive strategies and caused miscommunication and issues between the two partners to understanding each other.
In terms of economic development, China is an emerging economy that offers market opportunities for foreign investment. The economic reforms and opening-up policy in the late 1970s have allowed the Chinese economy to experience rapid economic growth. In 2010, China’s economy was growing rapidly and the Chinese consumers were expected to boost the deal sectors. This was perceived as an opportunity by Groupon to enter the Chinese market. Business practices vary between the two countries. In China business practices, and negotiations depend on building guanxi (connection) and business ethics is believed in everything should be in harmony and take long-term approach on things. For instance, in China final negotiations and deals are made outside of meetings in casual settings such as restaurants and bars to build a relationship. However, American find socialisation to be time-wasting and thus turn discussions towards negotiation much faster than in Chinese culture. Americans do not approach business relationships but aim to generate money out of them. In this case, Groupon was primarily money-oriented instead of building Guanxi.
For the future course of action, Groupon should take a mindful approach by picking up cues in the situation (local working environment, management style and structure, organizational culture, behaviors) and able to apply knowledge about what culture is, how it varies from the U.S and how it affects behavior. For instance, different norms for social interaction, showing respect, and nonverbal behaviour to recategorize the local culture and then seek out additional information to confirm this sophisticated categorization. As a result of doing this, Groupon can adapt internal state and then consider possible behavioral responses. Groupon should have monitored the Chinese market and the local competition carefully, as Groupon believed they could win Chinese consumers and markets with the same strategy they used in Europe. In addition, they should have regulated their mindful attention and mindful monitoring to adopt appropriate marketing strategies by understanding consumers and local culture. For instance, direct marketing works well in the U.S. market but this did not work in China because customers are price sensitive and loyal to domestic brands. Furthermore, they used mass mail marketing in China but Chinese consumers rarely use emails.
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Get custom essayThis essay recommends that China is too big of a market to ignore and with the fact that China’s middle class is still growing which offers lots of market opportunities for foreign firms. Groupon could enter the Chinese market by partnering up with a start-up Chinese firm because it would be harder to partner up with Tencent because it is now multinational. Additionally, Groupon could enter other Asian markets such as South Korea because as a country it offers a less uncertain business environment than other Asian countries. It could then gradually make its way towards other emerging Asian markets then enter the Chinese market with their experiences. Overall failure in China can be seen as a learning experience and a stepping stone towards entering the Chinese market. For instance, Google and other MNEs have failed to enter the Chinese market but some are planning to re-enter the market.
en families do not earn enough, there might be a problem accessing food. Food insecurity and poverty exist in society, this means having little to no money, support, or having trouble accessing food or shelter. This indicates that if one is not earning enough to provide for themselves or their family, it can cause food insecurity, which results in poorer health by not being able to access healthy foods. Therefore, it is essential to maintain a healthy diet, however, there may be barriers in achieving those goals due to food insecurity.
Get original essayCelebrations are important in several cultures all around the world. It is something that brings people together during an event and promotes unity. The main reason we tend to celebrate celebrations is to forget about the problems in life and show some happiness the world has to offer. Food is an essential part of the celebration due to it being a major part of the culture. Food and culture play a huge role in connecting one another during celebrations. During Diwali, my family and I usually go to the temple first, do our prayers, and go back home. Then we light up divas, which are small cups made out of clay by hand. Diwali is essential in Sikhism culture as it is an event with the lighting of homes and temples, and coming together as a whole. During this celebration, we get together with our extended family and make several different meals for the night. It is a festival of sweets, so most of our dishes involve sweets and several deserts. This expresses the idea that food is essential during celebrations, which also shows a connection between both cultures and food. To engage in different cultures and traditions of others, one can choose to attend community events that celebrate with their cultural dishes. Another way to celebrate various other cultures that include their traditional celebrations is by having potlucks with people around one’s community and gathering in one place. This allows some background information from other cultures and tries new dishes. Food is more than just a means to survive, this allows a more in-depth understanding of what can be taken from one’s cultural background. This also allows more diversity in communities which brings more unity. Other celebrations may include; birthday parties, wedding receptions, school events, graduations, or other social events. All these events can include traditional cultural foods, which allows one to try new foods and expand their knowledge. Therefore, this indicates celebrations are an essential part of cultures and the majority of the time involve traditional meals.
In conclusion, food is more than just eating as a means to survive and allow one to function in society. It has a more in-depth meaning and a bigger picture of it. Traditional dishes have been passed down for generations. Some of these cultural dishes have a strong connection to specific holidays or celebrations within one’s culture. A lot of cultures promote unity within their community and show togetherness. They gather as a whole during celebrations and essential holidays. This indicates that there is diversity in our society when various cultural food is being distributed in restaurants, fast food places, grocery stores, etc. Although there are celebrations, it is essential to keep a healthy diet regularly. It provides an overall healthier achievement towards one’s psychological mindset and physical body. Therefore, food plays a significant role in many individuals’ lives, although there are barriers relating to poverty and food, it is important to be aware of healthy eating habits, and traditional dishes are essential during the celebration. This shows food is more than just a means to survive, it has a greater impact on individuals in society.
Socrates is known as one of the first philosophers in Western philosophy to dedicate his life to the study of human nature. Furthermore, he believes that human beings are rational, and that pursuing the truth is the most rational thing humans can do to truly live as human beings and care for their souls. The similarities and the differences among many types of new educators appearing in the fifth century in Athens, particularly between Socrates and Sophists, is a huge topic even today. It also leads to the indistinguishability of the citizens of ancient Athens between him and the Sophists, which eventually causes Socrates’ death. As a consequence, a comparison of similarities and differences between Socrates and Sophists will be discussed in this essay in order to further understand their different approaches and purposes to human excellence.
Get original essayGenerally speaking, Socrates and Sophists are often mistaken because they both talk about human affairs and arete, also known as virtue or excellence of humanity. They also use rhetoric, “the art of communication and argument, in technique of persuasion” when they discuss these topics. However, Socrates and Sophists have different goals and benefits. For the Sophists, they teach their students the skills of speaking and persuasion for victory. The Sophists believe that persuasion is the basis of strong debate in order to defeat their opponents. They would use words as weapons and strategies to make their speeches stronger. Perhaps that is one of the main reasons why people see that “the Sophists aim at victory, not truth” (Melchert 95, ed. 8). In contrast, Socrates uses rhetoric to reach for the truth when he talks to other people, not “to win over his opponent but to advance toward the truth” (Melchert 95, ed. 8). In addition, he states that if people treat conversations like debates or battles and try to win over an argument, they will not learn anything new. He wants to have a new perspective of human affairs to find out their ultimate truth. That is why Socrates prefers questioning and listening to people to make them really think about what they are saying. Therefore, Socrates’ and the Sophists’ purposes of using rhetoric will lead to different goals, as the Sophists’ aim is for their own gains, whereas Socrates’ is for people’s goods and souls.
Another aspect that needs discovering is about teaching. This is also one of the greatest points that make Athens citizens confused between Socrates and the Sophists. In Aristophanes’ The Clouds, he tries to differentiate between traditional and new education and criticize the new education as danger to Athens morality and culture (Mintz 736). According to Mintz, Aristophanes not only addresses Socrates as “the chief representative of this new education,” but he also says that Socrates “has a school and students who pay fees”. Nevertheless, Plato’s Socrates denies himself as a teacher, which is different from Aristophanes’ version. Plato’s Socrates describes himself as “a “midwife” in the realm of thought” as well as “a gadfly of Athens”. Plato’s Socrates’ description illustrates that he is not a teacher because he does not know much, or anything, about human excellence. Rather than teaching someone and actually delivering the truth, he is more likely to pull out the information or knowledge that people already have and connect them altogether. Consequently, everything that people know comes from themselves through a conversation with Socrates. On the other hand, the Sophists see themselves as teachers of certain subjects such as geometry, philosophy and rhetoric. They even claim that they have something to educate others, particularly their students.
Talking about teaching, payment, or tuition fee, also indicates the difference between Plato’s Socrates and the Sophists. As people have already known, the Sophists teach their juniors, or students, to use rhetoric for debate and gain victory in every conversation, or argument. For them, these skills are strategies for someone to go into a verbal fight. Hence, their goals are to gain “fame, wealth, and the satisfaction of one’s [their] desire” through teaching (Melchert 97). From the Sophists’ perspective, good is whatever is good for themselves only, which is known as the law of self-preservation, to live as comfortably and luxuriously as possible. On the contrary, Socrates does not receive money because he does not desire material and physical things. For Socrates, nothing is more valuable than making true friends and leading to the truth. Moreover, he truly thinks that everything people understand and realize comes from their own selves when they have conversations and arguments with Socrates. This can be understood that he does not teach anyone anything, so he does not receive payment. Another reason why Socrates does not receive payment relates to his freedom of choice. According to Blank, Xenophon’s Socrates puts emphasis on the fact that he does not have to engage in a conversation if he does not want to. In other words, Socrates cannot cancel the course or leave his instructions behind once the payment has been made.
Following the payment, Plato’s Socrates and the Sophists have a huge difference in their beliefs. The Sophists tend to believe in skepticism, holding a doubt whether there is truth or not, and relativism, considering the knowledge and the truth is relative in various contexts. They have a strong confidence that truth is content and is changeable. They argue that truth for someone might not be the truth for another due to the difference “from culture to culture, from time to time, and even from individual to individual” (Melchert 62). For instance, people may not have the same thought about whether other creatures exist outside the Earth, or even the solar system, or not. According to Melchert, more than a truth, the Sophists seem to rely more on humanity itself as a “measure,” the only standard of how things are. Furthermore, they have a skeptical viewpoint about the truth. In this particular area, Melchert suggests that the theories of many natural philosophers represent probabilities, not the truth, however, that humanity can reach out at best. On the other side, Socrates believes in absolute truth. He claims that human beings are rational and that pursuing the truth is the most rational thing that humans can do to enrich their souls. For Socrates, human beings should live like their nature, which are self-reflection, truth, knowledge, and wisdom. Not only do individuals find out the truth, but they also need to value it as it is the goal of their lives. Although Socrates has confidence in absolute truth, he has not found it yet. Accordingly, Socrates begins a conversation and asks people questions to have many perspectives and start a logical thought to seek for the truth.
The final difference between Socrates and the Sophists is nomadism versus fidelity to Athens. Since people know that Sophists teach for payment and reputation, they tend to travel from place to place, transmit knowledge to many students and try to make more money and wealth for their own satisfaction. On the other hand, Socrates is more traditional. He wants to stay within Athens and devote his life and knowledge as well as pay back to his community, which allows him to think and become a philosopher as he is.
Many stories with different versions of Socrates along with the similarities between Socrates and the Sophists on topics, audiences and rhetoric can explain the indistinguishability of the people of old Athens. Despite that, a comparison and analysis of the use of rhetoric, teaching, payment and beliefs really show the differences between them and how they approach their field in different aspects. Although they both study about human virtue and excellence, Socrates and the Sophists have different goals to practice and pursue. Overall, they all have had a huge contribution to philosophy.
“A good fragrance is really a powerful cocktail of memories and emotion” (Jeffrerey Stepakoff, 2011).
Get original essayThe understanding and selection of fragrances involve complications. It is not simply choosing a fragrance for specific purposes such as party fragrance, job fragrance or casual fragrance for daily life, but also requires the desire of expressing personality or personal emotion. In this study, consumer preferences and consumers behavior toward fragrance products between two generations including Millennials and Generation X is going to be identified and discussed. Accordingly, it is possible to analyze the approached information to consumer behavior through observational learning (as known as operant learning) and examine how perfume brands developing products can transform the acquiring behaviors between Millennials and Generation X.
The fragrances market is designated by an abundant line of products including mass perfumes, prestige perfumes or niche perfumes, however this study focuses only on luxury perfume brands providing premium perfumes.
Since the beginning of civilization, perfumes and fragrance have been used widely. The appearance of scent was recorded as far back as the ancient Egyptians and ancient China. Today, consumers have been realizing their demand for wearing perfume every day. According to the scientific aspect, this demand connects to the highest level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs which is Self-Actualisation.
The increasing demand for perfume has been shown by the global industry’s statistics throughout recent years. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate that the global perfume market size worth roughly USD 41 billion in 2018 with a CAGR of 4% from 2014 to 2018 and is expanding at CAGR of 3.8% in the next five years, expected to be value about USD 49 billion in 2023. (Marketline, 2019)
In Euromonitor‘s Global Fragrances report, it is said that the year of 2013 witnessed the domination of premium fragrances with 55% of the total market value and the perfumes for women was the biggest proportion with 63% valued USD 15.6 billion (Euromonitor, 2014)
Although in 2013, the Western EU maintained its dominance in fragrances, Latin America will gain its top position by 2018, together with the Middle East and Africa. They will be the key drivers of growth over 2013-2018, rising to 4 percent and 7 percent CAGRs respectively. However, Latin America will remain highly oriented towards the mass segments, generating 91% of value gains over the period of time from 2013 to 2018 while 40% value rise in premium fragrances will be generated by MEA over the same timeframe. Western Europe and North America will continue to be the leading markets for luxury fragrances, achieving US$ 16.1 billion in 2018, or roughly six in ten of total sales.
Identifying the distinctive characteristics of Generation X and Millennials is crucial to understand comprehensively before distinguishing the process of perceiving new things of these two groups.
First, about the age range, generation X are generally those born between 1965 and the early 1979, giving them an age of between 40-54 in 2019. Whilst millennials, also known as generation Y, are the demographic cohort following generation X. They would have been born in the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years, putting them within a 20-35 range. The identification of the age range for gen X and millennials is required in order to understand the consensus of consumer behaviours for both groups.
The second manner needs to be discussed should be spending power. In comparison with millennials, generation X are a small but mighty demographic cohort. Gen Xers are known to enter the middle age and being at the peak of their career with high earning power but still remain practical budgeters. Millennials are much more likely to spend their spare cash on unique activities and prioritise their experiences, which can be very wide ranging. The key trend here is that millennials typically expect a certain quality of life and pursue it regardless of their reduced means.
Third, turning to technological matter, people from Generation X corhort can use the internet in their daily lives for most tasks, but mainly for practical purposes only. Gen Xers still can be targeted in many ways as they are technology-savvy and use both online media and traditional platforms including email and television. They are industrious and quickly adapt to new technology. On the other hand, millennials have been instrumental in the shift online for many brands. As a demographic, they prefer to shop online on their daily basis and socially rather than conventional methods such as store browsing. Therefore, to clarify any differences, it is this and its effect on consumer behaviour that should be further examined.
On top of that, Generation X have a high degree of brand loyalty as they lean towards repetitive buying behaviours. They can be quite faithful and cautious to their favourite brands if they feel they are genuine and trustworthy. This is not the case for millenials, they are known as brand switchers, millennials perform greater behaviours of brand switching. Such characteristics can be used in the study of consumer behaviour in the luxury perfume industry and the observational learning theory in generation X and millennials.
The theory that has been chosen to examine further consumer behavior in luxury perfume is observational learning.
Observational learning describes the process of learning through watching the outcome of other’s behaviour, retaining the information, and then later replicating the behaviours that were observed. The process of imitation is also referred to as modelling as a great deal of learning happens indirectly. Depending on the positive/negative reinforcement, an observer’s behavior can be affected into future behavioural actions in terms of whether one may engage within a particular activity. In general, the more similarity between the model and learner, the more likely for people to follow the examples. According to Bandura, in order for observational learning to happen, there are four key processes: attention, retention, production and motivation.
Within luxury perfume industry, marketing is very important as the transmission of a fragrances’ smell is not always feasible. Therefore, many companies decide to put a lot of efforts on marketing strategies including the use of high-profile celebrities in advertising campaigns to dominate the market (Marketline, 2013). Looking to the Dior's campaign, JOY by Dior – The new fragrance, they have successfully created favorable thoughts to appeal millennials’ market by utilizing influencer. They use the principles of observational learning in order to make their customers notice their products through YouTube, a social platform. It is very important to target millennials as they are mostly social shopper. The choice of Jennifer Lawrence as the face of Joy by Dior to promote the product helps introduce mainly millennials, who are well familiar and have intimate connections with the celebrity. Just looking at the comments section on Dior’s official account, it can be clearly seen the advertisement has somehow motivated their audience to purchase the perfume and the desirable to emulate just because of peer-to-peer influencing and attractiveness that Jennifer Lawrence has portrayed regardless not knowing the scent or the price of the product.
With regard to technological habits, millennials are more likely to pay attention to social media influencers more frequently than Generation X, who are more hesitant to explore beyond more established social media platforms and not so influenced by influencers (Mintel, 2019), which can be demonstrated in the section above. Millennials are more likely to watch YouTube videos for searching shopping purpose rather than traditional platforms of marketing which is more common with Generation X. According to Mintel Reports, 48% gen X who access YouTube is far off the 76% of younger millennials and 68% of older millennials who also access this site regularly (Mintel, 2019). This figure can therefore lead to millennials observing and imitating influencers, enticing them to buy the fragrances. On the other hand, it would not have had the effective expected outcome when applying to gen X and possibly lead to them not completely processing the message.
Turning to the Calvin Klein advertisement posters, they have created visually engaging images on the luxury perfume posters. Calvin Klein has gone different approach to Dior, the effect it has for mass marketing means that more people will observe, relate and understand the advert, suggesting that it is for everyone. As advertisements do not emit fragrance and luxury perfume cannot be sold itself by a text that breaks down the notes and the construction of a formula, it has tried to trigger the need of customer through observation. The ad shows the dominance, masculinity and bold attitude of men, as well as social norm that women should submit to a man. It gives out the direct gaze to audience, creates intimacy and relationship between the reader, making the reader feels involved and provoke the desire inside them. This intentional advertisement is to encourage modern, career-oriented men to buy the fragrance if they want to feel confident and masculine. Calvin Klein also offer the same advert to target female with sensuality, contrary to male's one but with the similar messages.
This kind of message is suitable to approach gen X as they are familiar through mass marketing advertising such as TV ads, advertorials in magazines and in-store promotional campaigns, who are not regularly use social platform. They experience lower familiarity with the internet means that they consequently have less experience within this industry. Additionally, it shows gen Xers are largely resistant to mass market advertising as they are less knowledgeable, and it causes them to seek out what they know and rely on credibility and brand reputation.
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Get custom essayTo sum up, by understanding the differences in characteristics between Gen X and Millennials, the consumer behaviours of people in these two group are somehow predictable. When interpreting their behavior by applying Observational Leaning Theory, it is clear that their established characteristics are exposed obviously.
Leadership is the power or ability to lead other people, the act or instance of leading. I believe that leadership is an art, the art to get others to follow and accomplish a common goal or task in a harmonic manner. A leader can be shown in all kinds of shapes and forms. To be a great leader many people believe it consists of modeling the way, inspiring a shared vision, enabling others to act, and encouraging the heart. Over the course of my learnings in how to become a better leader and being in leadership roles, I’ve learned that all these are very necessary to be a great leader. A significant part of effective leadership is the close connection between the leader and the follower, which often determines the success of the leader’s mission. Unfortunately, this leader-follower relationship cannot be created according to some simple formula. Without inspiration, involvement, and encouragement from both participants, the relationship suffers. Leaders, in particular, must give an extra effort to reach out to followers in order to initiate and develop this alliance that is so critical to the achievement of goals.
Get original essayIn my personal experience, I have found a profound usefulness and effectiveness in authentic leadership. This is a style of leadership that encompasses leaders’ personality and core values, including honesty, ethics, and practicality. An authentic leader is more interested in empowering employees and bringing the best out of their potential, rather than in money or personal power. Authentic leaders draw their inspirations from their own lives. A great example of this is from my leadership interview with Patricia Chan, my previous high-school teacher. She inspired me and others to succeed in her class by drawing from life experiences and sharing to us what she has learned along the way. The feeling of genuineness and inner desire to lead others in a right path is what stuck out to me the most.
In the following paper, I will be identifying and reflecting upon several themes which were brought up in our leadership studies. As well, I will be developing my own personal leadership philosophy. I will attempt to delve into topics such as my own personal vision for the future, how I am bringing it into fruition, and what the process will be like. Hopefully, by the end of the paper I will shed light onto areas of leadership which I am not comfortable with and need to practice on and areas of leadership in which I excel at and can replicate in the real world work environment.
As Warren Bennis stated it best, “no leader sets out to become a leader”. Individuals aren’t born into leadership. The presidents, CEOs, and executives of the world weren’t brought into this world with a knowledge that they will be leaders of huge amounts of people. This burden has been brought upon them by the fact that they have shown traits of leadership by being themselves. The individual traits that they possess have been curated and fine-tuned into becoming a person that is capable of handling thousands of employee’s work lives. To some this may come naturally, but to most this is a skill that has been worked on throughout the years.
Warren Bennis’ full quote is as follows:
“No leader sets out to become a leader. People set out to live their lives, expressing themselves fully. When that expression is of value, they become leaders. So the point is not to become a leader. The point is to become yourself, to use yourself completely – all your skills, gifts, and energies – in order to make your vision manifest. You must withhold nothing. You must, in sum, become the person you started out to be and enjoy the process of becoming.”
This quote really resonated with me and shed light on a point of view of leadership which I had not looked at in the past. Before, I had the mindset that leaders are born and bred. That the top leaders of the world were inherently given these skills by chance and through the years they have understood these traits and effectively utilized them. However, this has a different side to it. Warren Bennis does a fantastic job of painting a picture which states that leadership comes from within. Not so much from luck, but from being an individual person. By culminating the total of your skills, gifts, and energies, you can create a leadership style that is individual to yourself. Of course, it will borrow ideas from several different leadership theories. Whether that be transformational leadership or adaptive leadership, the style that somebody can bring to the table always has a personal touch to it.
The idea that leaders are not born to be leaders took some time for me to digest. Of course, with all things, it’s natural that when you are taught a different light or different point of view, you’re hesitant to dismiss your original thoughts. I was hesitant to dismiss the idea that the top leaders of the world did not receive a bit of luck with how they were born and the values that were instilled in them. However, I soon realized that this way of thinking is incorrect. Warren Bennis’ quote inspired me to think in a different light. The Elon Musks and Steve Jobs of the world are inherently very intelligent and have a natural intrinsic motivator in them which instills the desire to succeed at a high level. However, that is not to say that these people are not incredibly worthy of their praise and accolades. The constant retooling, dedication to learning how to lead, and hours upon hours of tuning their craft and working through failure makes me believe that these people worked on their leadership skills at an immense level to be where they are currently at.
A fantastic example of this is a quote from Elon Musk himself. An anonymous Tesla employee was recalling an email that Elon had sent to him after missing a work event in order to witness the birth of his child. The email read:
“That is no excuse. I am extremely disappointed. You need to figure out where your priorities are. We’re changing the world and changing history, and you either commit or you don’t.”
When your leader is putting such high priorities to the organization and even going as far as saying that the birth of your child is not an excuse to miss important work events, then you know the style of leadership that he is producing. This shows an intense and passionate view into Elon’s organization and he expects that all his workers have the same level and desire to succeed as he does. The fact that he makes this known is a positive aspect as it allows any candidate that is interested in a position at Tesla to understand the mental capacity that is required. This is an example of a leader who stepped into the role not from birth, but from experience and constant failure. This failure and drive to succeed made him into the person that he is today.
This all ties into Warren Bennis’ quote because it gives insight into what Warren was trying to convey. Elon Musk is one-of-a-kind. He is living his life the way he sees fit and isn’t trying to be anybody but himself. The skills, gifts, and energies that he possesses and that make him into the individual he is, also make him into the outstanding leader that he is. This is the point of Warren’s quote. As such, this is why I titled this portion “The Oxymoron of Leadership”. When people think of leadership, it is always the process of “becoming” a leader. You can look through online databases and read hundreds of articles that try to explain how one becomes a leader, as if it is a different entity than yourself. Leadership and being yourself is not exclusive, both of them work together in a very synergistic way.
Ever since I had my first job as a cashier and storefront clerk at Tim Hortons, I was always intrigued by good displays of management. However, throughout the years ever since then, I was always disappointed by the lack of effective leadership being displayed in the work environments I was involved in. At almost all of the industries and companies that I have worked with, I have immediately noticed gaps in leadership skills in managers and a lack of care from top management. With these entry-level jobs, I was mostly involved in customer service and customer facing positions. Even though these positions are entry-level and have a low skill barrier for entry, they are still extremely important to organizations. I couldn’t believe how some organizations did not realize that these lower level jobs are actually the face of your organization. When walking through the doors, these people working the front desk are the first faces you see and the ones that stick with you as the face of the company. There needs to be an extreme level of care put into these customer-facing employees as they are essentially the only ones who are connecting with your clients. By implementing a level of management that takes into account different leadership methods and making sure that employees are given a path to follow, then you are not only showing that care is provided for lower level employees, but you are also identifying that these positions are important for the reputation of the company.
My vision in terms of leadership philosophies is for all entry-level employees to have experience with authentic leadership and leadership which encompasses their skills and does so in a way that makes them feel valued. I am fortunate in the sense that I have the necessary language skills and experience to move up from these positions, but others are not as lucky. Immigrants and people new to the country who struggle with the native language and do not have work experience in Canada are stuck in these low paying and low morale jobs. Even if they have the qualifications overseas, they sometimes do not translate over to give them any benefits here. In a perfect world, all companies would recognize the value that comes from effective leadership.
In a more personal sense, my vision would be to encompass the values and traits that I have learned from both authentic leadership and transformational leadership in future career roles. I am excited for future leadership positions because I feel as if the knowledge that I can take from this course will be extremely beneficial in showing my followers what an effective leader is capable of. As Northouse stated, “there are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there are people who have tried to define it. It is much like the words democracy, love, and peace. Although each of us intuitively knows what we mean by such words, the words can have different meaning for different people”. This heavily ties in with Warren Bennis’ quote and the individualization that people have on leadership. I’m excited in bringing my vision of authentic leadership to teams that look up to me as a leader. The tools and ideas that the course has taught me along the way will coincide with my intrinsic motivation to inspire others with my leadership.
My vision is to bring my passion for authentic leadership and inspire others with its methodology. My path to making this vision manifest into reality is through my work environment and as a secondary, my personal environment as well. I believe that the skills learned throughout the entirety of this course are not only applicable at work, but also at home or in your personal life. Being a leader is not just about the bottom line and getting employees to be productive. It can be about leading a household, being a leader for children, or even managing expectation for your own kids.
As a leader, my personal philosophy on leadership also includes a few other points. Firstly, I believe that your title makes you a manager, but your people will decide if you are a leader. Leadership is not only the job of inspiring the potential out of people, but also the recognition that his potential exists. As such, attributes which I aspire to be a role model of each day includes integrity, transparency, and humility. As a leader, I will always say what I mean, and mean what I say. In the end, my words and my actions should be synonymous with one another. With humility, I will seek to learn from others, treat every success and failure as a learning opportunity, and strive to be a better leader and a better person each day.
On the other hand, there would be expectations from my team members as well. To be an effective leader, you need people on your side who are willing to work for you and give you 100%. As I said before, as a leader, I will try to be a better person day in and day out as each day brings new lessons. Therefore, I expect my team members or followers to be similar and aspire to be the best version of themselves. People who are true to themselves and play to their strengths are invaluable. Equally, being self-aware of opportunities to improve upon a skill or learn something new is important. Being adaptable, committed, and accountable are all trait within followers which would allow me to bring my vision to life.
The following “SMART” list is my action plan towards achieving this vision:
S: the specific area I am targeting for improvement is my interpersonal skills. I believe I possess a wide variety of work appropriate skills but improving upon empathy and transparency with others would benefit me with authentic leadership.
M: measuring my success with employees in the workplace by tracking their progress from when I started leading them to when I stopped. If they are not at a level where I want them to be in terms of replicating authentic behavior values (transparency, honesty, ethics, self-awareness), then I have failed at my measurement.
A: achievable through an upcoming promotion at my current work. With this promotion, I will have an increased responsibility with other employees and have duties that pertain to leading a small group of customer service representatives.
R: realistic through the fact that I notice behaviors with current customer service representatives who are not leading by example. These are employees who do not have an authoritative figure that they can look up to as a leader. They are in need of direction and I believe that I can step in and lead them through a vision that would best suit the organization.
T: time-bound as I am allowing myself a maximum of one year to be put into a position where I can achieve this vision. If by then I am not given enough responsibility in the workplace to bring this vision to fruition, then I would attempt to focus on authentic leadership through my personal life.
Throughout the course of the Summer, I have learned through the Northouse textbook and the Rowe cases the importance of different styles of leadership. For example, we started the semester off with learning about the trait approach. Northouse states that, “an individual does not become a leader solely because that individual possesses certain traits. Rather, the traits that leaders possess must be relevant to situations in which the leader is functioning.” This goes back to my idea of leaders being “born and bred” which was an error in thinking.
On the other hand of this approach is a different style of thinking which is called the skills approach. The skills approach takes a leader-centered perspective on leadership. This is a style of leadership which I have a difficulty relating myself to, as I believe that leaders should not be the focus of the organization. However, this approach suggests that three basic personal skills are needed for effective administration: technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills. In my personal experience, I have noticed lower management and supervisors possessing technical skills for the job. However, they are extremely lacking in human and conceptual skills. I would rank the latter two more important than technical skills as they are more inherently linked to your personal values and emotional skills. Technical skills are teachable, human and conceptual skills are a bit more difficult.
“Since the time of the Industrial Revolution, managers have tended to view people as tools, while organizations have considered workers as cogs in a machine. In the past few decades, we have witnessed a shift in that long-held view. In countless for-profit and non-profit organizations today, we are seeing traditional, autocratic, and hierarchical modes of leadership yielding to a different way of working—one based on teamwork and community, one that seeks to involve others in decision making, one strongly based in ethical and caring behavior, and one that is attempting to enhance the personal growth of people while improving the caring and quality of our many institutions.”
The following quote from the Journal of Business Strategy shows that views regarding leadership styles are changing. In the past, managers did not tend to inspire employee and they considered them as “cogs in a machine”. The new age has arrived, and employees need to feel empowered. It seems like a handful of organization are stuck on the ways of previous generations and have not adapted to leadership styles which encompass teamwork and community. This may be since these companies are still owned and operated by the same people as several years ago. Older generation’s mindsets are difficult to change as they see their company today and notice their success. The way of thinking goes like this: if I have done things the current way throughout the years and my company has been this successful, why would I change it now? This lack of adaption is what keeps leadership in companies at a standstill.
I am putting a heavy focus on authentic leadership for both this course paper and my vision for leadership philosophy. Throughout my high-school and post-secondary career, I have found myself gravitating towards professors who lead with purpose. Professors who are not only knowledgeable in the field that the course pertains to but are also passionate about passing this knowledge along. “Authentic leaders are critical in creating a climate which encourages diversity and inclusion. Authentic leaders are strong role models, whose behaviors and actions signify the appropriate and expected conduct from their followers”. Boekhorst made a great point here about authentic leadership and the effect it has on followers. By effectively using this leadership style, the ability to inspire intrinsic motivation within employees or students shows. Boekhorst describes the changing atmosphere of workplaces nowadays with the increasing amount of diversity. Especially in Canada, we are no strangers to diversity in the workplace. As such, a problem arises. Leaders need to effectively adapt to the changes in the workplace. Workplace inclusion is a huge factor in whether or not employees perform at a satisfactory level. The leadership style that these employees are under determines if they are feeling included in the workplace or not.
Authentic leadership is tied in with this as leaders play a monumental role in the formation of the work climate. This is because the work climate is based upon the values and beliefs that these leaders encompass. These beliefs from top management is trickled down and instilled in the workplace culture and in the employees. Based on this, authentic leaders are critical in creating a climate which encourages diversity and inclusion.
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Get custom essayLeadership is more than telling or ordering, but having members believe and want to follow the same path as you. It’s a commitment to your people built on trust and respect. Many leaders shaped my personal leadership philosophy, to include several negative and positive experiences. Negative experiences from poor leaders and lessons learned on my part have uniquely shaped this vision. Difficult to be a good follower when your leader lacks competency, integrity, and your trust. If a leader takes credit for work other than their own, or forces and ideology onto others, but does not follow it themselves; these negative influences damage the trust and respect required by all leaders. However, positive experiences can also have a career lasting impact. A leader who inspires through personal actions and convictions can change how an entire unit operates without ever saying a word.
There are many mysteries in space that scientists have not found yet, but have they explored deeper into outer space to find somethings that will help us understand earth? Researches have found that there are many benefits of space exploration when it comes to understanding our planet, they have also found how does it help us with understanding the climate changes and the history of the solar system and how does understanding other planets in the solar system helps us understand our own since some researches have found that the planets that share many aspects in Venus and Mars that are similar to our own planet.
Get original essayTo start of there are many benefits of space exploration when it comes to earth, it leads to direct benefits of exploration including the enhancement of life such as improvement in economic properties, environmental quality, safety and security. Space exploration discovered one major environmental benefit. As NASA researched and revealed a growing hole in the ozone layer in the South Pole. That Lead to the first global agreement addressing the the global environmental problem. The agreement was revealed to be there should be restriction on damaging the Chlorofluorocarbon which can contribute to the loss of the protective ozone layer, which blocks ultraviolet rays from the sun. This exposes more people to UV radiation, the radiation can affect not only the environment but also humans since it can cause people skin cancer. Other than health and safety benefits, space exploration has also helped us with educational, not only theoretical but even when NASA revealed researches about outer space, it gave benefits to help us with a lot of technological things we use in our daily lives. Space exploration helped us with figuring out what kind of planet we are living
When it comes to understanding Earth from a historical point of view, it’s important to look back on how the sun was created. It all started five billion years ago when a large cloud of matter in the galaxy called The Milky Way, which the galaxy that contains all our solar system and planets including the sun, the cloud inside the Milky Way was condensed exploded until it caused a fusion. This fusion is what caused what we call sunshine full of heat. That Sunshine is what happens to be the solar system center and earth’s source of light Sun, as scientist studied our sun they figured out that without the existence of Sun, Earth would cold full of ice and just like Antarctica, which as matter of fact rains 166 millimeters per year since it’s a continent made up of ice, glaciers and many other forms of ice. The heat that we receive from our sun drove away lighter Helium and Hydrogen elements far away as needed. This made it form the 4 gassy planets – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune – that are far away from sun which that means that they are the coldest out of all the planets in the solar system, The closest the planet is to the sun the more heat it contains which means Mercury is lifeless and humans could die from the heat it contains and since Earth is the third planet it contains a balanced heat and coldness which makes it possible for humans to live in. This research proved that space exploration, humans would not know what is the importance of Sun.
Climate change happens when the weather of earth stays at it is for a long amount of time, the minimum of climate change can be a few decade and the maximum can leads to millions of years forward. Climate change is also known to be when earth’s weather status stays the same for a long period of time because of the increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide used for fossil fuels. Climate change is a broadside dangerous role of space information. It’s a long way across the globe to measure the exact amount of the ice sheets on earth, and it’s requires a lot of things to be able to that, But thanks to space exploration scientists found an sufficient way which is a satellites operated by different Space Administrations to a clear image, measurements and clear of the increasing scale of ice to help them solve the climate change problem. The space administration did not release the satellite around our Earth only but also to other solar system planets to understand more about climate change. And due to sending other satellites to other out space planets, It was revealed by NASA that 4 billion years ago (1 billion year after the explosion of the cloud and fusion that caused the creation of the young sun) a kind of gas syndrome “Runaway Gas Syndrome” transformed Venus to a hot and a lifeless planet of acid rain. Venus is not the only planet but it turned Mars to a dry dust planet. Finding all this information about other planets made scientist aware and careful and gave them the idea for climate change taking a serious, careful step forward on earth such as minimizing the helium from the moon itself for future clean energy. There was even changes in spaces researches to for tracking purposes, from GPS to semiconductor solar cells, it is assisting to reduce emissions, it already helped by GPS guided navigation by shrink fuel expenditures on sea between 15% and 21%.
Earth has similarities with other solar systems planets like Venus and Mars. First of all the three of them are close to each other, which makes it possible for them to have a lot of similarities, Both of the planets (Mars and Venus) can be viewed from earth in certain situations and the two of them are 2 of the brightest objects viewed at night according to researches, Venus and earth are basically the same size when it comes their diameters and mass, but Mars is slightly larger than the two planets in both diameter and mass since it is farther away from Venus and there is difference in distance between Mars & Earth. Even though The three planets share similarities there are differences such as the temperature. Temperature varies in each planet making Venus the coldest between the three with average of 461 Celsius and Mars making it the coldest with estimate temperature of -46 Celsius , while earth is in average of 100 Celsius which makes it land between the two planets. Exploring Venus and earth can help us with understanding our own planet, even scientist proved that Mars is a planet full of life and that it probably in future decades from now people will be able to live on Mars so studying Mars even more can benefit us to understand our own planet.
At the end, scientists have found that there are benefits of space exploration in many different ways including education, the history of space that proved that there are ways to help earth, problems of climate change that made scientist explore other planets and find solutions to solve the climate change problem, in my opinion I believe that space exploration can help us with varies different aspects and it can will help us few decades from now on when scientists find new useful things that can help us understand earth even more.
Every day as a woman, especially for those who walk through the streets of Philadelphia, can be verbal harassed. It is a typical phenomenon that women encounter whether they are walking alone or even dressing appropriately for the weather. Any words with no context can be taken offensively to anyone, particularly women and transgenders. Most of the harassment comes from a male that does not have any connections with them, which makes women even more uncomfortable. Anyone can be offenders of any situation but there are tons of studies that prove that the majority are men that are objectifying women by physically touching or/and verbally abusing them. In the article, “Street Harassment in Philly: Unsafe, Uncomfortable and Untracked”, written by Anna Orso, she wrote different important topics about the different types of harassment happening in Philadelphia. She warns the reader that it is a typical concern that they should be familiar with and how they should respond if they were the victim or a bystander. She also has various women describing their stories on the street harassment they dealt with. Orso may be correct in her argument that women are mostly being bothered every day in the city but the argument would have been stronger and would have readers thinking if she had also considered the different points of view of street harassment, including the suspect’s, official’s and lastly, transgender’s.
Get original essayObserving from the point of view of the offender, there is not a lot of thought with the decision to harass someone. It can either be educated at a young age how to be disrespectful to women or it can be taught by their surroundings. One of the women in the article, Huxta, she explained that teaching young kids can eventually prevent harassment in the streets. Most children do not always listen to their parents and it is part of raising a child. Teaching them how to treat people with respect can be difficult specifically if the community is heavily involved in their lives. At some point, they are starting to distance themselves from their parents because they want to be with their peers, but having good or bad ones can affect them more with their ethics. Obviously, parents who have children want them to set a positive example for the community, but they really do not know what their minds are going through or what their next actions will be. In the article, it stated, “Beyond inspiring grassroots activism and aiming to better educate young people, there are few prescriptions for how to address street harassment in a comprehensive, meaningful way. But most women agree: It can’t be just them” (Orso 14). This means it is certainly difficult to advise young people about street harassment because they can either take that information and keep it in their heads or it can go over their heads. What women meant by “it can’t be just them” because they realized the environment plays a major role in their lives. Each child is raised differently from the type of community they are living in. There are two main communities most kids live in: suburban areas and urban areas. Living in an urban area, there are tons of outside activities happening, that it can create more people outside looking for victims or potential victims, without them even acknowledging what they are doing. To sum it up, Orso’s argument should have explained the environment the young kids are living in because not many people know what the streets of Philadelphia is like. There are different parts of Philadelphia that are considered good or bad. It can all depend on the community if they are willing to stop with the harassment and have a better environment for the kids to learn from it.
To go more in-depth, studies have shown that harassment happens in major cities more likely than in rural areas. Stephania Zeppenfelt is one of the women in the article that explained her story and the harassment she’s been through in the city. At the time when she was living in the city, she wore a ring that it might of helped with the harassment, even though she was not married at the time. Ever since she moved to a better neighborhood, she realized she did not need to wear the ring anymore because there were no male figures in the streets ready to harass her. The article stated, “She says the street harassment she experienced has dramatically subsided since she moved. But it’s led her to reflect on the harassment she experienced for years and the way she changed herself in order to avoid it” (Orso 3). It proves that where anyone lives can have a drastic effect on sexual harassment. There are so many people living in a city where there is poverty, drugs and people with mental issues, not that the suburbs do not have problems, but people living in close proximity seem to be more affected by harassment.
Viewing from an officer's point of view about this situation happening in Philadelphia, they can not really do much when any harassment is reported due to the constitution. There are many claims that women can put a restraining order for each male, but it happens every day and there could be different offenders as well. Studies have shown that “93 percent of more than 400 respondents said they have been harassed in the past year” (Orso 5), and every year those numbers will increase by a lot. It seems like it depends on the community if they want to help since the police can’t really do much but telling the suspect to stop. Since no one can get arrested from any verbal comment, the number of street harassment will probably increase more because they know that they will not get caught or get arrested for it. In the article, it stated, “Police walk a line of balancing fielding reports about offensive behavior and protecting the constitutional right to free speech. If there’s no violence, stalking or repetition involved in the harassment, it might not be actionable” (Orso 5). It means that officers can not arrest anyone if the freedom of speech is part of the constitution. It is their right to say anything to anyone without actually hurting them physically. Even though, they have the right to say rude comments, looking at the women’s point of view, do they have the right to feel unsafe when they are walking through a community?
It is not just women feeling unsafe walking in the streets, but there are tons of transgender people that dealt with harassment as well. Since 2015, people can now get married legally with the same sex, but most people are opposed to it because of religious or personal purposes. Harassment can emotionally affect the transgenders and can eventually turn into a violent situation. Marrison is one of the women in the article that talks about harassment and it is a very common concern for transgenders in Philadelphia. In the article, it stated, “The trauma is exacerbated, she (Marrison) said, because a high percentage of the trans community experiences gender dysphoria, ‘so the anxiety is high’”(Orso 8). It means that the provocation can affect so much for transgender or the LGBT community because they are probably scared to let the community know who they really are. They want to experience what feels right for them but getting harassed from it, their anxiety will boost more of what they are currently feeling. From their point of view, this harassment can be more brutal than it is for women. Not everyone accepts them and it is pretty unpleasant to recognize that. There are so many protests about it and sometimes it ends up with someone dying. It is something that transgenders do not want to feel unsafe and uncomfortable with people watching them disgusted. Also, another concept, it is true that people of different races and colors can experience street harassment more often than white women and many studies have shown that. Frequently, women of color generally do not know how to respond when they are getting harassed. Feminista Jones is a blogger that writes about black feminism and said, “They don’t think anybody would care. But harassment is not about attraction or desirability. It’s about exerting control over people whenever you can” (Orso 7). This means it is not all about catcalling women because they just want to give the attention they probably think women want but in reality, it is about power. Someone in power can take advantage of anyone and especially those who don't know how to respond to it. Orso has a very clear argument that women of color get bothered more but she should explained the different powers every person has. The article implies that white women have more power over male and it can not be true since the demographic in Philadelphia are majority black.
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Get custom essayTo sum it up, there are different perspectives on street harassment and why it happens to women and transgender people. Even though Anna Orso explained the different topics of street harassment, she needs to explain a different direction of the situation from the officers' point of view, the offender’s and the transgender’s. In today’s world, it seems like it is very common to harass someone really easily and can get away with it. The streets of Philadelphia should definitely improve teaching kids how to stop harassment because it will be a better community for the kids and especially for women. For the people who work in the city, they should at least give out lessons about street harassment because it is frequent that women can also get harassed during their work. Any improvement to help with the harassment can make Philadelphia a safer place to live and walk-in.
No homework policy by our government had a greater help in building stronger student-parents relation because no homework policy is privilege to them it has pleasant impact in each part of family especially for the student. Students can relax every weekend away through theirs notes and books as well as they can enjoy their lives as a kid without worry that their teacher will mad at them consequent of not doing homework/assignments. Often you need to improve your workplace to be successful, read our guide to homework. At the same time no assignment principle also contribute on the parent to guide their kids properly on accurate path way to success. So that no assignment every weekend is one of the precious give that family can had because this policy not only the student can be gain but their family also so that all of them can enjoy the company of each other. Student had chance in relaxation of their minds in the same time in existence of spend their weekends on their peers/friends. so for part of the family week ends is the most gorgeous day that they had in one week cause none can steal the memory they kept in their mind and most of all in their heart.
Get original essaySeveral explanation of no homework is explained at different sites as well in news. according to debate org. student must have assignment on weekends just 1 sheet of homework/assignment on main subject math science english history it states that student must not be away from school can be helpful on them to expand their perception regarding the subject and topic it much better if we keep our mind in academic academy. at the same time debate org. give a different viewpoint regard to the no assignment policy every weekends it makes it hard on everyone teachers and adults says that children must enjoy their life as a kid do activity outside play among your friend but because of too much assignment/homework they forgotten to see the real beauty of the world. It is very noticeable that some student suffer in building a better relation with other people because they lack of time knowing their neighbours at doing their homework. Trevor nelson– 5th grade teacher at spanger elementary in Roseville– had a no homework/assignment policy. he state he prefers his students to go home and learn from activities like cooking reading and music instead of doing stacks of homework. Student can gain new knowledge and new experiences not only at schools but also in our own house by doing different activities. Nelson believes learning responsibility helps prepare young youth in homework /assignment to higher grades. The study found out young children has lack effective study habits and burn out easier so a heavy load of homework is not as beneficial. Harris copper too much homework can affect one’s life because doing hard assignment can contain 2hours in expend doing their homework/assignment at the same time their study habit was lessen reviewing their lesson in different subject was forgotten.
The ascd disagree to the views of Trevor nelson & Harris copper when state assignment benefits student achievements depending on age as well as quality of homework. Homework/assignment must take a purpose also be designed in maximize success rate. Homework/assignment is really help at the student it may large their knowledge also further understanding about the lesson in their own ways. Teachers are providing assignment at their students with a caused they want their student to be really educated enhancing their knowledge skill in their success at their future. Jonah Granada a mother at 2 elementary school student is also happy to the memorandum that deped issued Monday to Thursday were focused on teaching them so we must also rest every in weekdays. she said teachers are also human furthermore they feel tired because of their nonstop teaching on their student so they needed to rest away from the lesson plan also note. to spend weekdays to their families. Teacher however think otherwise were trained. it’s not our task to make life difficult for students. they need the homework so they won’t forget the lessons. said tdc spokesperson Emmalyn policarpio she stated that being a teacher they are obligated in teach their student to give them the knowledge as well wisdom in order they needed in otherwise docents just wanted for theirs pupils to improve learning from them at the same time our teacher desiring to us to keep our learning not in our notes instead into our mind by help on what so called homework/assignment. we know our students capacity and how long it would take them to finish their homework. its not to make their lives harder. homework can be used to teach them self-discipline time management and how to become responsible student banjo basas he said in an abs-cbn umagang kay ganda interview. he something stated that teachers give lot of homework/assignment every friday at theirs students/pupils because they have much time to do their assignments/homework during weekends. He noted, homework/assignment can actually used by parents in order to spend more quality time with their kids. Nelson agree when copper told to his study that younger student shouldn’t be given shorter homework/assignments and participate in out-of-school activities such as sports or reading their interest.
Children/students can learn throughout the school we called it continue learning. according to the abs-cbn news therefore no homework/assignments shall be given during weekends for pupils to enjoy their childhood and spend quality moment with their parents without being burdened by the thought of doing lots of homework the memo states, a reasonable quantity in order to give pupils ample time to rest and relax at home for the rest of the day. all we want is that the pupils should also enjoy their time during weekends with their parents without the problem of having too much homework/assignment. We are not limiting their time on study. it should actually be a habit. they should study even without any assignment Yolanda quijano she told pupils/students have the authority to spend their Saturday& Sunday bonding on each part at the family that they can slept tight without worrying they didn’t made their assignment because it was difficult to understand but study should not avoided instead we shall be practiced it. for as much praise a no homework policy receives the idea is slammed by others. many parents are stuck in their old ways and used to seeing a lot of homework/assignment according to nelson. he say that no assignment is not validated in parents because they’re prepared on having their kids assignment every day. no homework/assignment policy may pose a limitation to alternative homework/assignment activities in a case a child doesnt have parent guidance at home or the financial means to engage in some of the activities (abc10.c0m) no assignment policy can be helpful for the students/pupils to away from institutional activities as well as assignment because some kids don’t had or arise a guidance from their parent no one will teach them from difficult subject already they cant answer or fulfil it correctly. 10 to 20 minutes of assignment per night in the first grade is appropriate with an additional 10 minutes per grade level thereafter. high school students should typically receive a little more according to cooper. this study found out that beyond of maximum about two hours students don’t absorb much information.
Very much homework/assignment can in fact be harmful he say. basas state the department should qualify the ban homework/assignment on weekends because it could have the opposite effect of giving kids a good education.it should be qualified. if assignment is too long and children need to work all night to complete/finish it then parents have every reason to complain basas said. no assignment policy according to deped secretary Armin luistro justified the said memorandum as it will allow pupils to enjoy their weekends by playing with their friends and have bonding moments to their parents and other members of the family. children should learn about responsibility such as caring for a pet according to nelson. at-home or outside activities can help teach responsibility similar to a chore. nelson believes learning responsibility helps prepare younger students for homework in higher grades. Making outside activities has a big improvement from ones learning if the children are responsible for something they can easily for solving problem answering some query in having a valid knowledge they got from outside activities.
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Get custom essaySome says that students/children should give homework/assignment by the teachers every weekends because it is very helpful to be a good time management small or even hard situation that they will encountered and also for them assignment plays an significant value from ones learning also achievement to their future. However few of the view point of them agree to the policy that the deped issued in 2017 that student shouldn’t possess homework/assignment every weekends. No assignment policy plays a very important role on the lives of the pupils also family. It may build a better relationship from each family,they can enjoy saturday and Sunday at spending weekends to their family and friends and no assignment pupils can rest their days without making any homework. at the same time everyone of us can store knowledge as well as improves our skills without any assignment but by the help of outside activities because they believe that not all the time we need to expend our whole week in our notes instead we need to do activities away from school for us to understand much better also it help us to ready and relax our mind so that we can understand much more the lessons.
The internet by dictionary definition is "a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols however to fully understand what the internet is, we can split it up into its individual parts..
Get original essayA more simple understanding of that is just a basic take of the term itself. Inter- meaning between or among the people, things, or places and net meaning a device that is structured in such a way that thread and or rope is interlocked, and this is foundation on which the net uses to function.
What we can easily gather from this is that the internet is something that joins us and allows us to communicate with each other by creating a network that joins computers together all over the world.
Digital entertainment is a type of entertainment supplying one or more individuals with amusement or enjoyment that is projected digitally on electronic devices such as computers, laptops, tablets and/or smartphones.
Over the years of human existence, what we have found amusing has evolved dramatically, and it is easier to entertain ourselves through the consumption of digital entertainment. Entertainment is the core of anybody’s lifestyle, as it is usually the driving force that gets work done. For example, it can be used as an incentive for completing a task, or manipulated in such a way that we can enjoy digital entertainment and gain from it without even realizing it.
Without digital entertainment, the human race would be misguided and directionless. There would not be as much incentives in the world, and nobody would be motivated to complete anything. Digital entertainment has influenced the human race as we know it by shaping the way that we collect information, and pass on said information. Entertainment has evolved to the point where it is easily accessible by any individual. Just the accessibly of digital entertainment makes it so that it is easier to shape and influence us as a society today. As aforementioned, there are many ways that electronic entertainment can be accessed, and this section will explore these.
The main usage of a phone for decades has been just to receive a message, and send back another message. It has been like this for years. But it has not been until recently that this basic purpose of a phone has been enhanced to the point that they are now small handheld computers in which we can view and share entertainment on.
Smartphones have aided in the widespread availability of content throughout the years and has also had a dramatic impact on the world we know today. They have made the world smaller and have enhanced our ability to maintain relationships and build more relationships online, and in real life. The inclusion of smartphones in our lives have greatly impacted us without us even realizing it. They have slowly become an integral part of our lives, and determine who we are. Some people describe them as being their lives, and with that being said, just by looking on an owner’s phone, much can be said about the owner and who they are.
Television is a system of sending media over distance by satellite etc. so that people can acquire the media on a device known as a television in nearly any place including homes.
Television has also influenced how entertainment has been delivered to the human population dramatically. Without television, the human race would probably not evolve to the point at which it is right now. Nowadays, it is not unusual to find many homes with a television in them. Television continues to be a main source of digital entertainment, albeit it is slowly getting replace by many other forms of receiving media today.
Television has the potential to generate both positive and negative effects, and many studies have looked at the impact of television on society, particularly on children and adolescents. An individual child’s developmental level is a critical factor in determining whether the medium will have positive or negative effects. Not all television programs are bad, but data showing the negative effects of exposure to violence, inappropriate sexuality and offensive language are convincing. Still, physicians need to advocate continued research into the negative and positive effects of media on children and adolescents.
A computer is an electronic device that creates and manipulates data. Computers have been around for decades but have not necessarily been used for entertainment until recently. The accessibility of computers also makes them one of the biggest influencers of the human population without a doubt, as since there are more computers, there are more people to get affected by them. Like smartphones, they are an integral part in determining our personality traits, and just by examining one, we may be able to get an insight on who the individual is.
There are many ways that people can get entertained by them, such as playing games, watching movies or videos and many other ways.
One main usage of computers is video sharing, which shall be elaborated on. Video sharing, like phones, have connected us and immensely shifted the way that we continue to take in information about the human race. Without video sharing, many people would be lost and would not be able to have a medium in which they can express themselves freely without the harsh judgment of people in real life.