100% Secure Payment
© 2025 Copyright:
BoutEssays. All rights reserved
With the plethora of advancements in the science and technology even an iota of bug can crumble down the strongest pillars of security. Digital security is imperative since government, military, corporate, budgetary, and restorative associations gather, process, and store exceptional measures of information on PCs and different gadgets. A noteworthy segment of that information can be delicate data, regardless of whether that be licensed innovation, budgetary information, individual data, or different sorts of information for which unapproved access or presentation could have negative results.
Get original essayAssociations transmit touchy information crosswise over systems and to different gadgets amid doing organizations, and digital security depicts teach devoted to ensuring that data and the frameworks used to process or store it. As the volume and advancement of digital assaults develop, organizations and associations, particularly those that are entrusted with shielding data identifying with national security, wellbeing, or money related records, need to find a way to ensure their delicate business and faculty data. As ahead of schedule as March 2013, the country's best knowledge authorities advised that digital assaults and computerized spying are the best risk to national security, overshadowing even fear based oppression.
Many organizations are facing problem with this cyber threats, all the private and public organizations are prepared to overcome the threats we can say it as Cyber first AID in which all the members in the teams have specific roles and responsibilities like decision making helps in minimizing the threats and that improves the customer confidence and stake holders, all these leads to rapid change in the cyber environment.
There is a term travelling electronically clean which means a lot in the behalf of hacking. When we travel normally we take all the accessories with us but assume in some situation we leave our laptops and mobile devices at home and carry some loner devices which can be erased whenever we want to in order to secure the data. Here in this case hacking may occur by Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and in some other way that’s is the reason they take the loner device with us while travelling, and also use the thumb nail instead of using the password that may not hacked in key logging way or the key logging software must be installed in your device. Let us consider some objectives of cyber security, promoting data sharing between two known persons who are authorized, we can also prevent hacking through network directions and by maintaining internal control over the business team. All the training, business procedures, policies and disaster recovery plan should be maintained to create a hacking free future cyber environment.
Cyber risk means risk of financial loss or damage to the reputation of an organization from some sort of failure of its information technology systems. All types and sizes of organizations are at risk, not only financial service firms and defense organizations. There are number of different ways a criminal hacker is trying to gain. The most common types of cyber-attacks are malware and vectors. Malware is designed to disrupt and gain unauthorized access to a computer system. There are five main forms.
IT Governance will help you develop an information security risk management strategy, enabling you to take a systematic approach to risk management. This approach will reduce the associated risks to your information assets and protect your business from cyber threats. The service includes consultancy guidance and advice on developing suitable methods for managing risks in line with the international risk management standard, ISO 27005.
Reasonable characterizes hazard administration as 'the mix of staff, strategies, procedures, and innovations that empower an association to cost-successfully accomplish and keep up a worthy level of misfortune presentation. A more critical take a gander at this definition uncovers key take away.
Cost Effectively: The obligation of develop hazard experts isn't just to assist their associations with managing hazard, however to oversee it cost-viably. Associations contend on numerous levels, and if an association can oversee hazard more cost-viably than its opposition, at that point it wins on that level. Accomplishing and Maintaining: Achieving a target recommends that a goal exists.
Building the Right Foundation for Effective Risk Management:
The establishment required to accomplish and keep up powerful hazard administration is involved five components. Savvy hazard administration: a program that meets the meaning of hazard administration recorded previously. Important estimations: quantitative estimations in monetary terms that all partners can get it. Exact models: precise models of hazard and of unequivocal hazard administration that can scale, all things considered.
Mobile Security: Mobile devices are increasingly popular. There are many threats and attacks against mobile devices, e.g., loss/theft, sensitive information leakage, and location privacy compromise. Mobile access control, information leakage protection, and location privacy protection, etc.
Mobile devices make attractive targets: People store much personal info on them: email, calendars, contacts, pictures, etc., sensitive organizational info too, can fit in pockets, easily lost/stolen. Application Security: Attacks focus on data, Applications have a trusted place in our networks, attacks on applications come in through avenues that cannot simply be blocked at the perimeter.
Software Tampering: Attacker modifies the present application's run time behavior to operate unauthorized actions; exploited by way of the use of binary patching, code substitution, or code extension.
Authorization: Elevation of privilege; disclosure of exclusive data; data tampering; luring attacks.
Cloud Security: Cloud Computing: It presents a new way to complement the modern-day consumption and transport model for IT offerings based totally on the Internet. While playing the convenience brought by way of this new technology, customers also start demanding about losing control of their personal data. In the context of cloud, accountability is a set of approaches to addresses two key problems.
Security: Physical Security: Cloud service providers physically invulnerable the IT hardware (servers, routers, cables etc.) against unauthorized access, interference, theft, fires, floods etc. and make sure that necessary materials (such as electricity) are sufficiently robust to reduce the possibility of disruption.
"A wrongdoing carried out or encouraged by means of the Internet is a Cyber Crime. Digital Crime is any criminal movement including PCs and systems." Managing extortion, misrepresentation is the peaceful wrongdoing, peaceful wrongdoing is that fraudsters utilize misdirection, certainty, and slyness. Fraudsters utilize these techniques when a man is exploiting the trust, reliance or obliviousness of others. Everyone must know how to identify misrepresentation in the digital world. Identifying misrepresentation requires a substitute standpoint and a substitute kind of examiner. Each association should participate to guard against misrepresentation exercises by picking the correct ranges of abilities and level of consideration on extortion examination with the goal that associations can additionally grow up.
Presently you have the instruments you have to shield yourself from cybercrime and manufacture a strong barrier against the huge number of digital dangers. You can work your business with genuine feelings of serenity that its frameworks are secure. Tragically, you'll never have finish true serenity in light of the fact that cybercriminals are constantly endeavoring to think of better approaches to infiltrate your resistances. Data security pioneers regularly safeguard against digital dangers by concentrating on customary IT apparatuses and strategies - firewalls, interruption recognition and avoidance frameworks, malware discovery and investigation and so forth. There is no silver projectile innovation or capacity that can forestall or identify misrepresentation. Associations must begin by setting up a benchmark of ordinary and legitimate client exercises for their frameworks. By first understanding the complexities of the business and expected client conduct, associations can start to recognize atypical conduct. This investigation may incorporate session rates or lengths, exchange speed, geographic area and time or date oddities.
Border security programming and activity investigation arrangements help in battling conventional assault vectors. Be that as it may, programmers are beginning to change their business as usual. Digital offenders are currently redirecting login qualifications of workers and authoritative passwords of IT assets, utilizing methods that incorporate spam and phishing messages, keystroke lumberjacks and Remote Access Trojans (RATs).
Once the login qualification of a representative or an authoritative secret key of a delicate IT asset is endangered, the organization is defenseless. The criminal can start unapproved wire exchanges, see the exchanges of clients, download client data as well as complete damage. Another developing risk is undermine caused by the insiders at the money related establishments. Disappointed staff, covetous geeks and sacked workers have all been engaged with digital security episodes. Plainly, breaks of trust can happen anyplace, prompting grave results. In inside and outside assaults alike, unapproved access and abuse of special passwords — the "keys to the kingdom" — have raised as the primary exercises. Regulatory passwords, framework default accounts and hard-coded certifications in contents and applications have all turned into the practical objectives of digital crooks.
Once inward controls have been fixed, budgetary establishments must stay watchful and watch out for exercises going ahead inside and around them. Logs from basic frameworks convey fundamental data that could demonstrate viable in anticipating security occurrences. For example, observing exercises like client logons, fizzled logins, and watchword get to, secret key changes, endeavors to erase records and different suspicious exercises could help distinguish hacking endeavors, malignant assaults, DoS assaults, strategy infringement and other incidents
Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.
Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.
Get custom essayNews media in the U.S. are buzzing with stories about digital assaults as budgetary establishments rise as the practical objectives of digital lawbreakers. Reports recommend that since September 2012, digital assaults on bank systems have detonated. Segment to utilize a deliberate system for overseeing cybersecurity hazard distributed in February 2014 and created by the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") in light of a Presidential official request and approach directive. A culture of security should be ingrained in each individual contacting a console or a keypad. Organizations likewise should survey precisely their revelations encompassing cybersecurity, regardless of whether made in a SEC recording or on the other hand somewhere else. Cybersecurity as a divulgence issue has been up front on the SEC's radar screen for a few time currently, starting with the distribution in October 2011 of Staff direction on the exposure commitments of open organizations identifying with cybersecurity dangers and digital incidents.4 The focal point of this direction is on whether data concerning cybersecurity and digital occurrences ascends to the level of a noteworthy hazard factor as well as a material "known occasion, pattern or vulnerability" for motivations behind the Management Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") area of intermittent reports and other SEC filings.
Narrative structures vary from novel to novel as a technique that aides in the advancement of the plot and enhances the clarification of the literary devices employed throughout the story. In the novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude, both traditional, or linear, narrative time and cyclical narrative time structures work simultaneously to emphasize the recurrent destructive behaviors of the Buendía family. A linear narrative structure “follows a straight line — starting at the beginning, moving to the middle, and proceeding to the end of the story”; follows a line of movement including an ongoing plot, with a somewhat typical exposition, rising action, climax, and denouement. However, One Hundred Years of Solitude is not a novel that primarily depends on a linear narrative structure. In fact, this novel's structure is also inclusive of a cyclical narrative. The cyclical time “cycles through the story one event at a time to end back where the story originated”, and reiteratively brings the reader back to key plot occurrences as a means of highlighting the impact on the characters. In his novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude, Garcia Marquez implements the technique of cyclical time to heighten the intensity of recurring destructive behaviors across the generations of a small, metaphoric village.
Get original essayGarcia Marquez employs the device of repetition, through names and personalities of specific characters, in order to display an uncommon series of coincidental events within a cyclical structure. These events are perceived as distinctive and inflammatory in the destruction of a normal society. In the novel, there are a total of five characters that share the name Jose Arcadio, and, as described by Ursula -one of the novel's main characters- carry “impulsive and enterprising” characteristics associated with mischievous behavior, capable of inciting trouble and often leading to a negative effect on the surrounding environment (Márquez 181). Marquez’s establishment of recurrent names and similar personalities throughout characters provoke the negative outcomes that occur within plot cycles. Marquez presents repetition within the novel once again with inclusion of twenty-two characters named Aureliano. These men are defined as possessing “withdrawn but with lucid minds”, a characteristics that starkly contrast those of Jose Arcadio (Márquez 181). Marquez’s reintroduction of the Aureliano characters ironically advances the plot as Aureliano attempts to reestablish Macondo to the village’s previous state, however, this instead creates a crisis and sets up a further subplot that sparks a new cycle. Both of these characters’ reappearances and their polar actions trigger the destructive behaviors that occur historically and repeatedly within the novel. These cyclical generations produce negative outcomes for the people of Macondo, forcing them to repeat disastrous events that eventually move them toward their own demise.
The destructive recurring event of incest, also known in the novel as “the original sin,” introduces and concludes each narrative cycle. It embodies the unnatural actions that the majority of the characters in the novel must endure. Incest further becomes the primary cause of disastrous abnormal characteristics in the Buendia family. Due to the tragedy of a past incestuous event in the Buendía family when “[a]n aunt of Úrsula’s married to an uncle of José Arcadio Buendía, [and had] a son … grow up with a cartilaginous tail in the shape of a corkscrew and with a small tuft of hair on the tip,” Ursula and Jose Arcadio Buendía are exiled from their original village (Márquez 36). This action in the plot cycle was driven by the fear of U´rsula’s mother, who believed pigtails were an inevitable outcome of incest. This incestuous event marks the beginnings of the “original sin”, thus initiating its recurrence in the novel’s plot. As incest takes place within the Buendía family, it serves as the catalyst for the rebirth of each new cycle, namely foreshadowing the impending destruction of the characters and the village.
While the event of incest marks the beginning of each cycle, the aftermath of incest -the pigtail- serves as a symbol for the annihilation of a cycle that only lasts one hundred years. Throughout the incestuous events that occur within six instances among the five generations of characters in the novel, not one of the characters deals with the outcome of a pig-tailed child. Thus, the cycle continues and regenerates throughout the plot, until the end of the novel when Aureliano and Amaranta Úrsula’s child is born. With the birth of their child, they “turned him on his stomach [and saw] that he had something more than other men, and they leaned over to examine him… [i]t was the tail of a pig.” Úrsula mentioned in the novel that “the tail could be cut off when the child got his second teeth”; however, the couple were not aware of the family’s history, so the resulting action leads to the child permanently keeping his tail. The consequence of incest is acts as a conclusion to the circular plot cycle and the torment of the Buendía family. Incest is an action that defies social norms; thus, it is the reason that the characters seem destructive and act as facilitators toward their own demise in the novel.
As the Buendía family’s history duplicates itself, the characters in the novel become familiarized with the absurdity of their present situations. However, such characters do not raise awareness for these irrational cyclical events. In the novel, “Ursula confirmed her impression that time was going in a circle”(Márquez 220). She feels “as if time had turned around and [they] were back at the beginning”(Márquez 335). Ursula is one of the few characters that notices the reoccurrence of odd events in her village, yet she does not take any direct initiative to stop the cycle; just like other characters throughout the village’s commotive history. Likewise, Jose Arcadio Buendía becomes aware of the absurd, seemingly recurring span of time as he begins to realize the repetition of the days. He even states, “that it’s still Monday, like yesterday… look at the sky, look at the walls, look at the begonias … [t]oday is Monday too” (Márquez 77). He notices the relationship between the past and present days that have not gone through change. He, like Ursula, does not attempt to cease the recurrent events or speak more about the similar occurrences; thus, Jose Arcadio Buendía permits these happenings to cycle through the plot and recreate misfortune upon misfortune. The characters that recognize catastrophic events, but do not make any conscious effort to end them; resemble the destructive naturalistic history of the metaphoric village.
One Hundred Years of Solitude’s plot advancement relies on the regeneration of cycles within a linear narrative structure. By the end of the novel, when the Buendía’s are blown off the face of the earth by a hurricane, the last character, Aureliano, “wandered aimlessly through the town”(Márquez 413). Since the Buendía’s revolve around restating their family’s history, Aureliano is stranded and left with no connection to the past. Due to his dependence on his family’s history, he begins “searching for an entrance that [goes] back to the past”(Márquez 413). Aureliano desperately searches for a tie to his old way of life in order to salvage himself and his family’s legacy. When he fails to revive his family’s past historical events, he and his family are condemned to obliteration due to their independence and abandonment of their history. At the end of the novel, when there is no connection to their past or recreational source of tragedy, the ability to form another cycle is gone. Thus, the cyclical nature of plot regeneration is extinguished.
Garcia Marquez’s simultaneous linear and cyclical structure in his work One Hundred Years of Solitude follows an axle and wheel metaphor for time, that further defines the Buendía family’s nature. In the novel, Pietro Crespi describes the Buendia family nature as “a machine with unavoidable repetitions, a turning wheel that would have gone on spilling into eternity were it not for the progressive and irremediable wearing of the axle” (Márquez 396). The wheel is the novel’s temporal mechanism, the axle represents linear time, and the turning of the wheel represents cyclical time. This metaphor provides an imaginative representation of the technique and also demonstrates the concept Marquez has developed through his intentional repetitive writing. The idea of this everlasting circular time exhibits the deformity the village of Macondo experiences. The events Marquez incorporates into this cyclical structure, like incest, are destructive to the social time period; thus, allowing the plot device to act as an instrument for disease. The Buendía family’s reliance on the past, in order to advance into the future, is one that demonstrates the unnatural destructive mentality the characters have. Through emphasis of cyclical repetitive events within a broad linear hundred year time frame, Garcia Marquez augments the role of these recurring events and portrays their destructive capabilities within a metaphorical town intended to mirror that of Colombia.
In the early years of scientific investigations in the field of heredity, the methods used to obtain data were considered genetical but once the physical basis of genetic conditions were recognized several studies were performed using methods of both cytology and genetics, using the data collected by genetic procedures along with observations made using cytological techniques. This dual approach to problems of heredity was coined the term cytogenetics. Cytogenetics has allowed to understand the genetic basis of diseases as well as a powerful tool to diagnose genetic conditions. Some the traditional cytogenetics techniques are chromosome banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). In chromosome banding the chromosomes are treated with different chemicals to stain them and interpretations are made from how the chromosome stains, based on the dyes used they could be G-banding, Q-banding, C-banding or R-banding.
Get original essayIn FISH, a nucleic acid probe is conjugated with a fluorescent dye, this is then used to detect the complementary sequences on the metaphase chromosomes or in interphase nuclei. After hybridization, the location of the bound probes is detected and analyzed by using fluorescence microscopy and digital imaging technology. The above mentioned traditional techniques are powerful tools and upon which the foundation have been built but they have their limitations, for instance, chromosome banding is unable to detect deletions less than 5mb i. e. microdeletions and in FISH the appropriate probes needs to selected in order to identify chromosomal aberrations. To overcome the shortcomings there have been several advancements in the field and these technological leaps have helped improve our ability to investigate and define cellular processes at a molecular level which has benefiting both scientists and clinicians. Few of the new FISH-based technologies are reverse FISH, multiplex FISH(M-FISH), spectral karyotyping (SKY), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis and matrix or microarray – CGH (M-CGH). Instead of discussing all the modern cytogenetics methods and their impact on identifying basis of diseases and clinical diagnostic services, in this essay the focus will be on comparative genomic hybridization and its implications.
Cytogenetic technologies have had a major impact on the field of medicine and in particular reproductive medicine and oncology, they have enabled us to understand and analyze the frequencies at which chromosomal aberrations occur during gametogenesis, embryonic development and tumor development. We are now able to better understand and detect the genetic abnormalities that are associated with tumor origins, tumor progression, spontaneous abortions and congenital anomalies. CGH technology allows us to identify and map genomic regions for any chromosomal losses or gains in a single experiment without even having any knowledge on the chromosomal abnormality in question.
CGH can produce a map of DNA sequence copy number changes as a function of chromosomal location throughout the entire genome. There are two ways of performing CGH, either using the direct method or the indirect method, for the direct method we use fluorochromes whereas for the indirect method we use haptens, using haptens could be more beneficial in some cases since they are both cost-effective and more flexible. In the event there is a need for a reference standard for data analysis, CGH is performed with different labeled normal DNA. In order to perform a more detailed analysis, CGH is coupled with sensitive monochrome cooled-charge coupled device (CCD) camera and an automated image analysis software. Regions of gain or loss of DNA will be represented as ratios of the two fluorochrome intensity on the chromosome that are being studied, in the case of chromosomal duplication or gene amplification in tumor DNA there would be increased green-to-red ratios whereas in chromosomal deletions there would be a decreased ratio.
Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) is able to combine the advantages of molecular diagnostics along with the traditional cytogenetic techniques and furthering the field of cytogenetics. Studies performed on individuals with developmental delay and dysmorphic features have shown that array CGH has the ability to chromosomal aberrations such as duplications, deletions, amplifications and aneuploidies. In case of individuals with normal results before cytogenetic testing the detection rates of chromosome aberrations was 5-17%, copy number variants (CNVs) can also be identified. Array CGH is a powerful tool with potential to being a diagnostic tool for identifying visible and submicroscopic chromosome anomalies in mental retardation and other development disabilities.
Tumor genetics Cancer can be aptly described as a disease resultant of genomic instability and given that CGH is designed to identify segmental genomic alterations, it is an appropriate tool to study the genetic basis of cancer and the chromosomal anomalies that are associated with it. Advances in array CGH technologies have made it possible to examine chromosomal regions with extraordinary detail and has revolutionized our understanding of the tumor genome. Several array-based technologies that are being developed to further improve the resolution of CGH will enable researches to identify and analyze that is genomic regions responsible for cancer proliferation and facilitate in rapid gene discovery.
Take this case for instance, the p53 tumor suppressor gene has been explored as a target for gene therapy in ovarian cancer, the idea is to HER2/neu/erB2 for antibody-mediated therapy (Herceptin) and E1 A-mediated gene therapy. In the study conducted by Kudoh et al. , they were able to show that the increased presence of copy number at 1q21 and 13q13 correlated to the lack of response to the chemotherapy regimen of doxorubicin, cisplatin and cyclophosphamide, so it is possible to identify and characterize the genes driving the copy number abnormalities using CGH which could lead to new therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer and possibly disturb tumor cell growth or even change the sensitivity to chemotherapy.
It is also possible to design microarray that are specific to a single chromosome or a chromosome arm. For instance, using a chromosome 20 array with 22 cosmid, P1 phage artificial chromosome (PAC) and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones as intervals markers covering chromosome 20 at 3 Mb resolution, by using this array to study breast cancer it detected SeGAs in multiple regions suggesting that by using a higher density array it would be possible to gain more insight into the complex chromosomal alterations in cancer genomes than previously thought. This is yet another instance where CGH has helped identify novel techniques to understand the basis of a genetic condition. Genome-wide approach CGH microarrays are usually used regional and chromosomal anomalies which has given us a great deal of information, these studies are limited by the fact that they require knowledge of the regions of interest and the studies are isolated to specific regions of interest, therefore to overcome this short-coming genome-wide arrays were developed. Pollack et al. (1999) used a cDNA microarray representing 3195 unique cDNA target clones distributed throughout the genome. This study was the first genome-wide profiling array for human cancer genomes pointing out regions of alterations in breast cancer. Genome-wide array CGH using cDNA arrays resulted in significant leaps in the field of cancer genomics.
The scope of CGH is not limited to study genetic basis of adverse phenotypes, for example, Cancer, comparative genomic hybridization has also proved useful in clinical diagnostic services. Using CGH it is possible to identify and characterize chromosomal deletions, duplications, marker chromosomes and unbalanced translocation in prenatal, postnatal and preimplantation sampled. CGH has also been used to revise incorrectly assigned karyotypes. CGH has the ability to precisely define the chromosomal material containing unbalanced translocations and marker chromosomes, this has helped associate critical regions of the chromosome with the respective adverse phenotypic outcomes. This prognostic information is used for genetic counselling and has proved beneficial to couples to make a more informed decision about pregnancy.
Another area that CGH has proved to be a noteworthy tool is in advancing molecular cytogenetics for evaluating mental retardation (Xu et al. , 2002) as mention earlier, CGH analysis is used to further the characterization of unbalanced translocations identified using banding analysis and also screening for “hidden” chromosome anomalies in patients. Figure 2: Array CGH, FISH and G-banging image. The image shows application of molecular cytogenetic tools to detect chromosomal abnormalities in the case of a patient with severe MR, presenting with several dysmorphic facial features prenatal growth deficiency, severe epilepsy, cleft palate, hirsutism, camptodactyly, and syndactyly. ( With the data for the above image a deletion spanning 12 clones with an estimated size of 10 Mb was identified, located at the chromosome band 2q24–31.
Techniques and technologies for chromosomal analysis has greatly improved over the years with the advent of modern cytogenetics, this has led to advancements in clinical diagnostics but also has provided researchers and clinicians with markers to assess prognosis and disease progression. The reason for discussing comparative genomic hybridization at length in this essay is because CGH could possibly be the most significant modern cytogenetic method to have overcome most of the limitations of the traditional cytogenetic methods faced and even then full potential of CGH has not been completely explored.
CGH has proved to a powerful tool in detecting deletions, duplications and amplifications contributing to neoplastic transformations as well as defining chromosomal locations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that are pivotal to development and/or progression of tumors. At this point it is also important to note that there limitations to even CGH, just like any other cytogenetic methodology or technology. CGH is unable to detect balanced chromosomal anomalies such as point mutations, translocations or inversions, in additions to this telomeric, pericentromeric, heterochromatic regions cannot be assessed (Knuutila et al. , 2000). In order for chromosomal imbalances to be detected they most be present in 50% of the cells, so in order to study tumor samples they have to be relatively free of normal cells(Zitzelsberger et al. , 1997). CGH is able to recognize just proportional changes in copy number, the ratio profiles does not recognize the absolute copy-number change. Information on recurring chromosomal anomalies in solid tumors in some hematological cancer is still limited. However with the development of microarray CGH (M-CGH) the limitations faced in classical CGH can be over. Genomic imbalances can be detected with higher resolution also allowing copy-number changes to be associated with individual loci and genomic markers.
Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.
Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.
Get custom essayThe arrival of new FISH-based technologies such as multiplex FISH (M-FISH), comparative genomic hybridization analysis, microarray- CGH (M-CGH), spectral karyotyping (SKY), reverse FISH have managed to fill in the void between conventional cytogenetics and molecular genetics. By combining molecule genetics with traditional cytogenetics, modern cytogenetics has helped unlock a new dimension into understanding disease prognosis, progression and diagnostics, therefore providing powerful tools for research and clinical diagnostic service.
Most would say that Victor’s issue was that he had daddy issues. But why? Victor’s father Alphonse is a respectable and loving man, but has always felt as if he didn’t belong in his family and especially felt rejected by his father Alphonse.
Get original essayVictor’s interests were always science, chemistry, and reanimation, but his father was more of an intellectual man and believed in modern science. Victor came close to blaming his father for being the reason why he created the creature he blames his father because when Alphonse found out about Victor reading Cornelius Agrippa his father simply told him to not be wasting his time with sad trash. He wishes his father would have explained to him why modern science was so important and and why the unspeakable science was a waste of time because then maybe his father would have convinced him and he wouldn’t have created the creature. Instead of blaming his father it is possible that he was simply obsessed on wanting to belong.
Victor had always wanted to belong to something because he never felt as if his family never accepted him, so he thought that by creating a new species others would accept him. Victor thinking to himself says, “a new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their blessings to me”. This quote by Victor could prove that the only reason Victor created the monster was to have power and for people to acknowledge that he could create life. This also means that the creature was just another victim of Victor’s selfishness just like Justine, Elizabeth, and Henry. Justine could have lived if Victor had confessed that he created the monster that killed his brother William. Elizabeth and Henry could have lived if Victor had created the creature his lover or had simply not created the creature for the simple pleasure of being worshipped and belonging. The creature was Victor’s victim because he didn’t think about how using different types of parts would affect its form of living and how he would fit in. Victor also states, “I doubt whether I should attempt the creation of a being like myself”. Which at the end the creature turns out to be a lot like him. The creature like Victor doesn’t accept his social status and doesn’t belong into his family and wants nothing but to be part of a symbolic order, even the creature wants to belong and feels lonely.
Let’s take this deeper and talk about Victor’s relationship with his mother, there wasn’t one. His mother died when he was a child of scarlet fever so he didn’t have a maternal presence growing up. In The Monster and the Maternal Thing, a psychoanalytic perspective by David Collings, he points out that Victors urge to create life is because he wants to bring his mother back: he states, “Victor attempts to re-create his mother in his scientific, intellectual project”. Victor also does other things to try and replace his mother. For example, Although Victor doesn’t see it he replaces his mother with Elizabeth. Elizabeth resembles his mother in many aspects probably because before she passed she cared for Elizabeth as her adoptive mother.
Majority of densely populated India live in villages. And they are involved in agriculture. The cattle animal is correlated with agriculture in India as the old method of cultivation is still vogue here. Rearing of cattle animal is also an additional source of income of the villagers in our country. We get from our ancient history that the domestication of the cow and the buffalo dates back to nearly 4000 years. Scriptures of India refer to the wealth through the word ‘Godhan’.
Get original essayMaximum proportion of cows and buffaloes of the world are seen in India. India produces only eighteen percent of the total quantity of milk produced in the whole world. The supply of milk in some parts of India is higher than the local demand. On the other hand, supply of milk in the rest of the country as well as in urban areas is much lower than the demand.
In 1965, National Dairy Development Board (N.D.D.B) was set up with the object of meeting the increasing demand of milk especially in urban areas as well as developing the rural economy through the enhancement of the milk production of the country. In 1970 National Dairy Development Board took up Operation Flood Programme in order to organize Milk Producers’ Co-operative in several probable places of India taking the Kaira District (Anand) Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union Limited (AMUL) of Anand, Gujarat as a model with the above object in view. The Himalayan Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union Limited (HIMUL) was formed at the foot of the Himalayas in West Bengal in 1973 as a part of this programme like other states of the country.
According to Operation Flood Programme many Milk Producers’ Cooperative have been formed in this vast country. For the benefit of detailed analysis only two Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union Limited - The Kaira District (ANAND) Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union Limited and The Himalayan Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union Limited, have been taken into account.
The Co-operative movement started in India in the last decade of the 19th Century with two objects in view, i.e. to protect the farmers from the hands of the private money lenders and to improve their economic condition and thus improve their way of life. Madras province was the birth-place of this movement. With the setting up of an Agricultural Co-operative Banks there the movement took root in our Land and slowly gained strength. However, the growth of Co-operative movement in India during British rule was very slow and haphazard one. In most of the cases, the provincial governments took the lead. The foreign ruler had only made some committees or framed a few rules and regulations. But they did not take any wide-ranging programme to spread the movement all over the country.
The golden era of Co-operative movement began after India had won freedom. Within two decades of independence the membership of primary societies had increased four times while the share capital and working capital increased 23 and 31 times respectively. The history of Dairy Development Movement in India is a new one. During the pre-independence period this movement was limited to a few pockets of Calcutta, Madras, Bangalore and Gujarat.
In early 1999, the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) declared India as the world's largest producer of milk. According to FAO's Global Food Outlook Report, milk production in India crossed 146 million tons (mts) by2014, while milk production in the US, the second largest producer, was 101 mts.
This was truly a moment of glory for India, which, less than four decades earlier, had been a milk-deficit country. According to analysts, India's transformation into a milk surplus country was largely due to the collective initiative undertaken by various government and semi-government bodies to promote milk production and animal husbandry. In 1970, 'Operation Flood (OF)' was launched by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), an institution constituted as a body corporate in 1965. Declared as an 'institution of national importance' by an Act of Parliament, in 1965, NDDB was established with the objective of replicating the 'Anand Model' of dairy development.
The most notable of this venture was Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union Limited of Anand, Gujarat. But after independence the National Government took great initiative in setting up new Dairy Co-operatives in many parts of the country. The National Dairy Development Board was set up to make the ambitious project a success. By the late 1990s, NDDB's success with the co-operative movement in India attracted the attention of many other developing countries as well as international agencies related to dairy development.
The countries which were inspired by the 'Operation Flood' project and which planned to implement similar projects included Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Philippines and Malaysia, besides a few African nations. Helping other emerging countries establish co-operatives in the dairy industry was one of the elements of the three-pronged strategic plan outlined by Amrita Patel (Patel), who took over as chairman of NDDB in 1999 (after Kurien's 33-year stint). In addition to aiming at capitalizing the success of co-operative-run diaries, the plan also involved transforming India into a major milk exporter and extending the co-operative model to other domestic agricultural products.
Dairy item has been utilized by people since the start of hundreds of years to give both new and storable nutritious nourishments. In a few nations a large portion of the milk created is expended as crisp purified entire, low-fat, or skim milk. In any case, most milk is fabricated into more steady dairy results of overall trade, for example, margarine, cheese, dried milks, frozen yogurt, and consolidated milk.
Get original essayCow milk is by a long shot the vital kind utilized all through the world. Different creatures used for their milk generation incorporate including buffalo (in India, China, Egypt, and the Philippines), goats (in the Mediterranean nations), and sheep (in southern Europe). In the mid 1800s the normal dairy cow created under 1,500 liters of milk yearly. With progresses in creature sustenance and particular reproducing, one dairy animal presently delivers a normal of 6,500 liters of milk multi year, with a few cows creating up to 10,000 liters (AL-Asfoor, Abdullah, 2012).
Dairy products are provided by two kinds of firms which are proprietary organizations and cooperatives. After some time, the quantities of both firm types have declined and the span of those remaining has, by and large, expanded. A considerable lot of the proprietary are either vast organizations or their backups. Cooperatives extend from little, either by volume or on the other hand enrollment criteria, to expansive. Proprietary organizations have inclined toward the liquid milk and solidified items organizations, while cooperatives have played significant parts in the hard manufacture item advertises (Handy and Henderson,1994).
Discussion should include, but not limit to the market size, major producers/exporters and importers, specific resources needed
Market structure generally implies to industry focuses, the degree of item separation, and the simplicity with which new firms can enter an industry (Sheldon and Sperling, 2001). Market structure decides the lead of firms and industry, remarkably evaluating arrangement. Direct thus decides financial execution, which commonly is estimated by benefits or value cost edges.
Manchester and Blayney (1997), inspected the market structure of the US dairy advertise what's more, reasoned that a important methods for development of organizations in the dairy business has been merger or procurement. Extra limit and volume were normally accessible at bring down cost by procurement than by building new limit and competing for deals. Tozanli (1998), demonstrated that as the consequence of mergers and acquisitions the quantity of European dairy firms is getting littler and this focus procedure is infinite in the European dairy industry where the significant tendency is toward an evidently oligopolistic market structure.
International trade in milk and dairy items has displayed very vast changes throughout the most recent couple of decades, bringing about changes to open arrangements in western nations and their choices quit financing items in this industry. All things considered, a basic change in the shape and type of the principle exporters and importers has occurred on the worldwide dairy scene following this arranging for of the market. Volumes delivered and exchange to a great extent financed items like milk powder and spread have been broadly influenced and demonstrated noteworthy falls though high esteem items like cheese or matured milks have been saved from this basic change (Commonwealth Bank, 2010).
Most exchanged dairy items are handled modernly on a substantial scale by multinational organizations. Thus, we can imply to a market that is progressively focused between few giants from western nations, however which are progressively tested by powers in as of late industrialized developing economies (Rabobank, 2001). The last conform to universal directions while regarding worldwide competitively in light of volumes and costs. Nonetheless, every one of these organizations from developing economies doesn’t have a similar situating with regard to international guidelines and models that oversee worldwide exchange agricultural and food items.
One of our major producer of dairy products in Malaysia is the Zaman Dairy Farm Malaysia. Zaman Dairy Farm is located in the lush greenery of Bentong Pahang. Due to the vast land in the natural environment, Zaman Dairy Farm produces fresh milk to every Malaysian families. The main dairy cattle population in Malaysia was initially the Local Indian Dairy(LID) cattle. The animals in the farm expressed excellent adaptability to the local climate. Crossbreeding of Bos Taurus dairy breeds and zebu dairy breeds was considered the best alternative to improve the productivity in the local dairy industry.
Other than that, the another major producer of dairy products is Malaysia Dairy Industries Pte Ltd (MDI). Malaysia Dairy Industries Pte Ltd is incorporated as a joint venture between Singaporean partners and the Australian Dairy Produce Board.. Malaysia Dairy Industries Pte Ltd, along with the subsidiaries, produeces, distributes and markets dairy and beverage products to customers in Singapore and internationally. Products such as sweetened condensed milk, evaporated milk, UHT milk, pasteurized milk, cultured milk, soft yoghurts and yoghurt drink are offered by Malaysia Dairy Industries Pte Ltd (Company Overview of Malaysia Dairy Industries Pte Ltd, 2018).
Dairy products such as cheese, yoghurt, ice cream are imported to our country. The food industry used milk proteins as a structural ingredient for many food items. All imported dairy products including the ingredients for the food processing industry, must be certified halal, but subject to change as the Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia (DVS) is updating the dairy import protocol. With around 50 percent of the market share, New Zealand is the largest supplier, followed by Australia and United States. United States is competitive in producing the dairy powders, while New Zealand gears which the sectors with butter and cheese and Australia is focussed at yogurt, ice cream, butter and cheese (Malaysia-Agricultural Sector, 2018).
According to the Figure 1 below, it shows the production of milk beverages in Malaysia from 2013 to 2017. The milk beverages produced are approximately 140 million litres in year 2017 which shows a drop compare to year 2016 (Production of milk beverages in Malaysia from 2013 to 2017 (in million liters), n.d.). There is a decrease in the production of milk beverages because the consumers are more willing to support the imported milk products.
Globalization has created a large opportunity to the world nation in variety sector of industry, including dairy industry. Thus globalization, the organization markets have expanded exceed in a country, there is no boundary between countries anymore. The marketers even can market their products to overseas and gain a larger profit margin rather than market locally. It also cause consumers observe their needed products with worldwide. The comparison between products have occurred by the different of consumer needs and different of product features. These phenomena have boost up the development and competitive in all sector, especially dairy industry.
Secondly, the nutrition of dairy product such as calcium, protein, vitamin D and so on are important for a human. The major diet of human without dairy nutrition is impossible in healthy term. According to the data from National Institute of Health, many people, including both children and adult, do not get enough calcium for their body. Lack of absorb in calcium issues unhealthy growth to us. Calcium has improved the growth bones and teeth of human, especially youngsters are growing even babies are during the third pregnancy. Dairy products are the major dietary sources of calcium when compare to others food. Hence, dairy product can be seem as we cannot live without it.
Nowadays, the consumer dietary patterns are changing, it is not similar with previous time. The awareness regarding nutritional value of consumer is increasing. Now, they prefer nutrition food more than normal food. It does not need to mention anymore that dairy product is considered as a nutrition good. Consumers nowadays are willing to purchase toward healthy food even though it is more expensive than normal food. It can clearly be seen, there are the golden opportunity develop in dairy industry market.
The weakening of Malaysia Ringgit or rather the rises of US Dollar against the rest of the world’s currency has brought benefit to Malaysia local economy. A weakness of a country’s currency not only represent a negative growth, it also means bringing the opportunities to economy growth and encourage export activities. While the fundamental of a country is strong and developed, it may attract foreign investors invest to our country for further development. A weakening currency makes product and the cost of the manufacture seem cheaper, this can affect the potential investment occurred. Foreign investors invest in the sector of livestock industry in Malaysia has facilitate the growth in dairy industry.
Furthermore, foreign consumers regard our product values are dropped due to the value of Malaysia Ringgit has fall, so, it is cheaper for them. They prefer purchase Malaysian products because it is more priceless for them. The demand of Malaysian products increase and stimulate Malaysia exportation including dairy products. On the other hand, Malaysian dairy product suppliers hard to import as while with the weakness of the currency, so they also sources from local livestock farmers. It will positive impact Malaysia economy as a cycle system.
Malaysia is a country that rich in natural resources, it is including land, water, mine, petro, and others. The development of dairy industry is easier to engage with this abundant of resources. When Malaysia is rich in land resource, which means it has a good factor to develop in dairy industry. It can raise more cattle to provide more milk to approach the large scale of dairy production. The large scale of dairy production accomplish to satisfy the local demand and for export purpose.
Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.
Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.
Get custom essayBesides that, Malaysia banking finance is growing rapidly, which has been supported by government policies that promote foreign investment, fund raising, loaning. Banking and insurance are regulated by Bank Negara Malaysia, which issue the Malaysia currency. This kind of financial services contribute a good factor for investor from local and foreign to develop in dairy industry.
The report looks at the contextual analysis of Dallas Buyers Club LLC and iiNET. Dallas Buyers Club is the mainstream biography film delivered by Voltage Pictures in Hollywood. IiNET is a standout amongst the most famous and the second biggest web access suppliers in Australia.
Get original essayDallas Buyers Club documented a body of evidence against iiNET in the Australian Federal Court. Dallas Buyers Club guaranteed that the clients of these network access suppliers downloaded the film unlawfully before the film was discharged. This organization asked for the definite data of 4726 clients of IINET and different ISPs who got in illicit film downloading and demanded paying budgetary repayment. Be that as it may, this method worked effectively in different ways yet fizzled against the Australian Government. The principle point of this report is to investigate partners engaged with this contextual investigation.
Voltage Pictures, the film producing organization of the film Dallas Buyers Club has the first copyrights of the motion picture. According to the Copyright Act, nobody can unlawfully download a duplicate of any motion picture from a web without consent. The organization recorded a body of evidence against iiNET and other web access suppliers in light of the fact that the organization associated that 4726 clients with these ISPs unlawfully downloaded the motion picture from Bit Torrent without having its copyright and before its discharging date.
The case was recorded in Australian Federal Court. The candidates avowed that clients rupture the law of Copyright Act 1968. The correct holders don't have any thought of end-clients who did this encroachment. Notwithstanding, the candidates just have IP locations of clients who misguidedly downloaded the motion picture. The Voltage Pictures collected the data from 4726 clients from these ISPs.
Justice Perram, an Australian Federal judge, reported that ISPs must give contacts as indicated by the IP addresses. Later on, he declined this application since Australian Federal Court found that the rights holders requested different subtleties instead of exclusively contact subtleties like pay and charges of other downloaded films. What's more, they were requesting reformatory harms, which is illegal for Australia to give such data. From that point onward, equity Perram offered one stipulation that the rights holders needed to pay $600,000 AUD as an attachment to get the subtleties of end-clients expressed in the application by 11 February 2016. In the event that they asked any non-expressed data, at that point they would lose the bond sum
Policy problems
The Copyright strategy in Australia strengthened the anti-piracy law. As indicated by this law, nobody can wrongfully utilize or download the work which is copyrighted by another person, without their consent or without making the required payment. To put it plainly, it limits the break of copyright law by blocking locales that give access to rights holder's stuff for nothing.
Technical
Financial problems
Lawful (legal problems)
Social
A stakeholder is an individual who shows a tremendous amount of interest in a company's business. The individual can either get affected by the market or can affect the business of an organization. Stakeholders are the groups or individual who is associated with the project of an organization and the outcomes of the project can surely be affecting them or can get affected. Thus, a stakeholder is generally any organization, social group, or individual who held a stake in the business.
Therefore, stakeholders can be external and internal to a certain business. Stake generally refers to the activities of the business or vital interest. The legal obligation may include duty in order to keep an honor of the contract to pay the allocated wages (Mok et al. 2017). The moral right includes the consumer right which illustrates that the consumer should not be harmed intentionally by the activities of the business.
The stakeholder can:
Types of Stakeholders and their responsibilities:
Internet Users: 83% of all-out populace of Australia utilizes the web ('Australia Internet Users', 2017). Out of this rate, 4726 clients were legitimately influenced because of the case between Dallas Buyers Club and ISPs. The purpose for this is, as referenced prior in this report, the DBC LLC suspected that 4726 clients unlawfully the downloaded film from Bit Torrent without having its copyright.
Because of this issue, the Australian Federal Court chose to square sites having encroachment substances to avoid web robbery. Furthermore, the Australian Government affirmed the Online Infringement (Copyright Amendment) Bill 2015. Notwithstanding these 4726 clients, every web client who was getting to such sites is influenced by these two choices. Subsequently, the web clients are considered as the significant partner for this situation think about.
Australian Federal Governments. justice Perram gave the announcement about the application put together by the candidates to charge 4726 clients, 'so dreamlike as not to be paid attention to' Justice Perram gave the principal ruling for DBC LLC and Voltage Pictures and request ISPs to uncover contact subtleties of 4726 clients who downloaded the motion picture unlawfully. To avoid speculative invoicing, Justice Perram connected two conditions.
In the first place, the candidates should not enable threatening to the clients by sending speculative solicitations. Second, the candidates ought to need to confirm any solicitation with him before sending it to clients. Later on, Justice Perram would not give contact subtleties of 4726 clients since right holders proposed contact subtleties as well as other expansion subtleties as referenced under the heading of Dallas Buyers Club and Voltage Pictures. Submitted by DBC LLC for more subtleties incorporated into the draft letter put together by DBC LLC to the Federal Court.
Finally, Justice Perram proposed one condition to get infringes contact detail. In the event that DBC LLC is prepared to pay $600,000 as a bond by eleventh February 2016, then they can get infringers' contact subtleties. The candidates did the further application to decrease bond and demand tolerating two impermissible charges in December 2015. In any case, Justice Perram denied this application and cautioned that in the event that they neglected to do further advances, then he will dismiss the application and close the case. DBC LLC and Voltage Picture chose not to continue further. Finally, the Australian Federal Court released this case.
Dallas Buyer Club LLC: These are the most important stakeholder as they are the ones who have been putting their uttermost efficiency as well as performance in order to regulate the reputation of the movie. Dallas buyers club which is the highly affected stakeholders. Dallas Buyers Club LLC and Voltage Pictures professed to be the copyright proprietor of the American film Dallas Buyers Club (2013).
As per the copyright rule, nobody can illicitly download a duplicate of a motion picture from a web without authorization. In October 2014, DBC LLC documented a body of evidence against iiNET and other web access suppliers in light of the fact that the organization associated that 4726 clients with these ISPs unlawfully downloaded the motion picture from Bit Torrent without having its copyright. Dallas Buyers Club LLC was the primary candidate of the theft case between Dallas Buyers Club and iiNET including the other five Internet Service Providers.
Voltage Pictures: These are the stakeholders who are the actual copyrighter of the movie Dallas Buyer Club. They have been the sole party of the IINET Dallas Club customers.
Internet Service Providers: They have the most important purpose in society as they are providing the services to the customers in order to download the movies from the internet. An ISP (represents Internet specialist organization) is a relationship through which clients can get to Internet Services.
The six ISPs (to be specific, Internode Pty Ltd, Amnet Broadband Pty Ltd, Dodo Services Pty Ltd, Adam Internet Pty Ltd, and Wideband Networks Pty Ltd) were the respondents for the situation between Dallas Buyers Club and Voltage Picture and six ISPs. The requests of the respondents are as per the following:
In October 2014, DBC LLC and Voltage Pictures recorded the primer application in the Australian Federal Court to get contact subtleties of 4726 clients of these six ISPs who downloaded the film illicitly.
The ISPs have a decision to take a fair-minded position and educate the court that, 'The debate is between the Voltage Pictures organization and the clients who downloaded the motion picture unlawfully.' Instead of this, iiNET and other ISPs chose to restrict the court application documented by the copyrights holders.
The organization is worried that their clients are unlawfully set apart to determine the application without including court methodology, which is known as 'theoretical invoicing', Steve Dalby (Chief Officer of iiNET) said (Dallas Buyers Club, 2017).
The ISPs restricted the starter application charged by copyrights holders from numerous angles. Initially, the candidates neglected to give enough proof of how they discovered damaging IP tended to. In view of this, ISPs said that the application against them is conditional. Besides, ISPs likewise denied that the candidates have given proof of having copyrights of the Dallas Buyers Club motion picture. Notwithstanding that, ISPs did the application to the Court that the Court should not constrain ISPs to uncover their clients' private and individual data. There are numerous explanations for this application. The fundamental reason was that the candidates' monetary cases against clients were so small and basic.
In any case, the Court was against this utilization of ISPs and requests them to uncover contact subtleties of 4726 clients. With this request, the court-connected two conditions. To begin with, the candidates should not enable threatening to the clients by sending provisional solicitations. Second, the Court took the duty of whatever else happens and secures clients' protection.
Media Distributor: These are the ones who are solely involved in the traditional practice of providing the movies to the theaters in order to regulate a smooth business in the movie industry. They also tended to impact these case
Website Owner: These are the ones who are providing the service of the unlimited download of the newly released movies with the help of the magnetic link. Like the bit torrent, this is an example of the website owner.
Decrease of the sales figures of legal copies
There are a lot of places in the world where there is an availability of DVDs and CDs of the pirated IINET Dallas Club customers. There are two solutions to this either an individual can download the IINET Dallas Club customers from an online site or that individual can go to the street vendor and buy those pirated IINET Dallas Club customers. This sort of consumption of entertainment content is not only harmful to the IINET Dallas Club customers industry but also broadly ruins the culture. There are a lot of people out there who say that because of piracy people are getting access to a lot of entertainment content as the price of theatre tickets is too high. According to the idea of the democratization of entertainment, it can be said the individual who is getting access to the entertainment content online will anyway won't buy the tickets or an original DVD from a reliable distributor as the price is too high. (news.com.au 2016)
Effect on the retail price
Piracy is not considered as a sale loss which is true (Yousef et al. 2015). Suppose the individual doesn't get access to entertainment content online than from the next time that individual will be either buying the theatre ticket no matter what the rice is or an original DVD. (nationalcollege.org.uk 2019)
But, piracy also helps to reach entertainment content to a lot of individuals who don't have the spendable income to watch an IINET Dallas Club customers in the theatres. In the aspect of the economic impact, it is hard to tell or calculate. However, this actually reflects on the decision-making of the stakeholders of a Hollywood studio. With the known fact of piracy is affecting the sales revenue of the top Hollywood studios in the world. This has a great impact on the stakeholders of the studios. Now, the stakeholders decide on which IINET Dallas Club customers the studio should be investing more and produce.
Effects on the revenue of government
The stakeholders have already faced a huge amount of loss in the box office due to piracy of the IINET Dallas Club customers. This will help the stakeholders to incline towards the IINET Dallas Club customers they are going to illegally download the movies. The impact of piracy leads the stakeholder to incest on the IINET Dallas Club customers which will draw the audiences back to the theatres and guarantee a good return in the box office. The IINET Dallas Club customers industry is more interested in the storyline, direction, and message that are being delivered to the audiences through the IINET Dallas Club customers to meet the expectations of the audiences. (apm.org.uk 2019)
Piracy Expectations
The copies which IINET Dallas Club customers have downloaded from the websites have been affecting the stakeholders of the Dallas Buyers Club. Since the manufacturers have decided to believe that the movie won’t be able to recover the money that has been accounted towards the distribution of the Dallas Buyers Club and the production cost of the movie. This undoubtedly puts an effect on the price of the tickets. (smh.com.au 2015).
Estimated piracy of Dallas buyers Club
It is impossible to state the number of downloads that the IINET Dallas Club customers have been downloading since the release of the Dallas buyer Club. That is there has been a spread of CDs, DVDs as well as pen drives which have been spread along with the social environment. This is putting an effect on the stakeholders of the Dallas Buyers Club as they have solely invested in this movie. (news.com.au 2016)
Losses that are non profitable
Piracy doesn’t really affect the stakeholders directly. In this context, it could be said the people will stop going to the theaters when the movie will be downloadable at a piracy site. This doesn’t actually affect the stakeholders directly. But indirectly, it lowers the reputation of the movie as well as decreases the foot count as well as increases the counterfeit of the copies of the movie. (smh.com.au 2015).
From research, obviously, DBC LLC was proposed to gather many dollars from Australian privateers utilizing a system called 'tentative invoicing' on the grounds that DBC LLC utilized a similar technique against the US and other nations. On another side, numerous individuals trusted that the Australian Federal Court permitted DBC LLC to make a move against Australian privateers to stop theft in Australia.
The policy problems that are faced by the stakeholders of the Dallas club are being stated as well. With the development of technology, there are certain downfalls in the other industry; this report is consisting of all these discussions. The definition of the stakeholder is being stated and how a stakeholder tends to affect a business or get affected by a business or can be both in some scenarios. The report is stating the types of stakeholders including the internal as well as the external stakeholder.
Keep in mind:
This is only a sample.
Get a custom paper now from our expert writers.
Get custom essayThe interest of both stakeholders is mentioned in this report. The roles, as well as the responsibilities of the stakeholders, are mentioned as well. The influence of piracy is stating the negative as well as the positive effect on the audiences who are consuming IINET Dallas Club. (mmu.ac.uk 2013)
In the tradition story-telling, few concepts are as popular as supernatural intervention into human life. These interventions typically feature a very familiar, nearly house-hold collection of descriptive forms: angels, demons, invisible kinetic forces, and even nature itself are all used as representations of divinity, and unknowable power. It is the mark of a true master to escape from this gallery of cliché and craft details which make a unique statement; in Edgar Allen Poe’s short story The Black Cat, so much is accomplished in chilling, gruesome style. For Poe, the Christian concept of God is irrelevant, and he writes from a position of his own morality, in which there is no guardian, no benevolent light to guide souls from the path of darkness. There is only unstoppable, disembodied retribution, as the abuses of the narrator are punished not spiritually, in the next life, but in the present, with shocking violence. Following original sin, in which the narrator slices out one of his beloved cat Pluto’s eyes with a pocket knife in repayment of “a slight wound upon the hand” (Poe 30), madness rapidly begets madness, as patterns of destruction invert upon the narrator’s life and psyche. The lack of a clear antagonist in the story is essential. Pluto, alcohol, the house fire, and the gallows: distinct events and narrative aspects, each touched by an unspecified element of the supernatural, run together like the frames of a film reel, weaving a concept of spirituality in which evil is not a part of life, but a vast, looming framework in which the trappings of mortal life are but small parts. In The Black Cat, horror itself is the only God which Poe recognizes, fear is far from abstract, and morality is enforced not by a righteous, perfect creator, but through vicious twists of madness and fate.
Get original essayKey to a correct interpretation of this tale is the narrator’s devil-may-care regard for the concept of a rational explanation. In his own words, “I am above the weakness of seeking to establish a sequence of cause and effect, between the disaster and the atrocity” (Poe 31). There is no true sensible explanation for the image of the hung cat appearing in the wreckage of the sudden fire, just as there is no true sensible explanation for the mad swings of violent temper the narrator repeatedly experiences. Instead, a reader is forced to turn away from reality, to the world of the extra-sensory, the world of fate, insanity, fortune, and doom. In Poe’s imaginings, this second world is every bit as real as the first, fully capable of crossing boundaries of perceptions to leave a damning message on a crumbling wall, the breast of a cat, or at the bottom of a gin bottle. Of course, Poe is not merely a teller of ghost stories and bloody parables; his work The Black Cat is notably lacking in any formal theological or mythological structure in which to place the supernatural events which occur. In an ideologically mature literary decision, Poe shuns dogma, be it Christian or even Pagan, in favor of humanity’s ultimate boogey-man: the unknown.
In addition, spare moments of irony, hidden between the actions packed lines of this brief tale, do much to illustrate its anti-Christian themes. It is no coincidence the first cat, Pluto, shares a name with the Roman god of the underworld; this parallel emphasizes the strength of superstition over traditional faith. Also, in a quiet instance of reflection following the murder of his wife with an axe, Poe’s narrator remarks, “I determined to wall it [the body] up in the cellar – as the monks of the middle ages are recorded to have walled up their victims” (Poe 33). This unusual portrayal of monks as having victims is not incidental, and the conversational tone serves to underline the sense of inexplicable comfort with which society accepts and overlooks the bloodier aspects of organized religion. Religious individuals themselves are not the only ones to fall under criticism; the essential Christian concept of man as uniquely holy is excellently satirized as the narrator laments, “A brute beast – whose fellow I contemptuously destroyed – a brute beast to work out for me – for me a man, fashioned in the image of the High God – so much of insufferable wo!” (Poe 32) To conceive of a murderous, raving drunkard as sacrosanct, as being essentially removed by virtue of creation from the abject madness of the animal world, is laughable. Yet, in context, it is an intentionally bad joke, one to be met with quiet horror, eliciting new thought in regards to just what exactly elevates mankind from the cruelty of his environment. That is, if there ever has been any true elevation, at all.
Edgar Allen Poe’s short story The Black Cat is a thematically rich, grisly tour-de-force, one in which concepts of alcoholism, vengeance, violence, and fate are tackled in raving triplicate. However, the story’s true brunt is carried in its twin absence of rationality, and of the presence of God. Miracles occur, as mere splotches of white fur change slowly into accusations of murder, but these miracles exist without an established faith to claim responsibility for them. Fear comes alive in The Black Cat, mocking the narrator as he builds about himself the house of his own demise. As to what is truly behind it all, Poe offers no answer, only the knowing implication that every choice, once chosen, carries inescapable consequence.
Works Cited Poe, Edgar Allen.
“The Black Cat”. Introduction to Literature. Ed. Manya Lempert. Tucson: University of Arizona. 2015. 29-35. Print.
Every dance season has a fresh start, with that come new opportunities to set new goals, push yourself, but most importantly to be inspired by others. Recently I moved studios, and have been pushed places I never knew I could reach. This year I have been surrounded with new faces and new limits. New challenges have risen and I began to look up to Misty Copeland, a dancer who rose above her challenges.
Get original essayMisty is an American ballet dancer. She started attending ballet classes at the age of 13. Copeland was born in Kansas City, Missouri, and raised in San Pedro, California. She trained with the San Francisco Ballet, and attended the American Ballet Theatre’s Summer Intensive on a full scholarship. During the year 1997, she was awarded the Los Angeles Music Center Spotlight award, named the best dancer in Southern California. Misty Copeland received the ABT’s National Coca-Cola Scholar in 2000. Shortly after Misty joined ABT’s company in September of 2000. The following spring of 2001 she became a member of American Ballet Theatre’s corps de ballet. Later in 2007 Misty Copeland became the second African American female solo artist, proudly the first in two decades. For many years from 2007 to mid 2015 Misty’s dancing matured and she was considered more of a contemporary and sophisticated dancer. In the American Ballet Theatre’s history of 75 years, Misty Copeland was the first female African American to be promoted to principal dancer in June of 2015.
In 2008, Misty was presented with the Leonore Annenberg Fellowship in the Arts. The Leonore Annenberg Fellowship was a two-year program awarded to young artists who demonstrate outstanding talent providing them with additional resources in order to reach their full potential. Misty Copeland was performing various roles, mostly contemporary and classical positions. In 2012 Alexei Ratmansky choreographed The title role in Firebird to Misty, which became one of Misty’s most important roles. In December of 2014. In the ABT production of The Nutcracker in December of 2015 Misty danced as “Clara,” another spectacle choreographed by Alexei Ratmansky.
Copeland made history as the first black female to execute “Odette/Odile” in ABT’s Swan Lake during the tour to Australia during fall of 2014.
Misty Copeland is more than just an inspiration in dance, but an inspiration because of her passionate personality. Many times she faced difficult situations and turned them to successes instead of defeats. She like many other dancers have struggled with body image, confidence, self-doubt, and harsh critiques. Despite her insecurities and so called “wrongs”, Misty used her passion to drive her to success. I am inspired by her perspective. This year, I have been pushed past my limits, out of my comfort zone, closer to my goals. There have been days, I wanted to quit, I wanted to give up, without dance I wouldn’t have become the person I am. My life would be completely different. Misty Copeland is such an inspiration to me, because she didn’t quit, and she made it happen. She set aside her doubts and reached her goals. At age 13 Misty started her ballet journey, later than most people. Misty faced tons of rejection in her youth, and in spite of it, she worked harder, she was determined. She faced unruly circumstances, and persevered through difficult times. My life recently changed completely, new school, new town, new peers, new challenges, new goals, the only thing I have to lean back on is dance, which means I have to work 10 times harder than I did the previous day. Misty has inspired millions, and me personally. Misty has shown me that there is possibility to achieve my goals and aspirations. She is more than a principal dancer, she is strong, passionate, and determined which makes her an inspiration to me.
Credit cards are dangerous, especially for new credit card users who may be interested by what seems like “free” money. Some credit card users fall into credit card traps. If you’re thinking about getting a credit card, understanding the dangers that come along with credit cards can help you develop better credit card habits. Studies show that people tend to spend more when paying with credit cards compared to cash. A study showed people were willing to spend up to twice as much when using credit cards compared to using cash.
Get original essayIt’s easy to spend money with a credit card, and you don’t feel the cash leaving your wallet. You can avoid it by setting a spending limit with your credit card based on how much you can afford each month. Try not to overspend. Only 29% of people pay their full balance each month, according to the American Bankers Association’s June Credit Card Market Monitor. When you do not pay your balance in full, then part of each payment goes toward interest payments, which increases the amount of time it takes to pay off the balance. Adding credit cards to your spending methods makes it more difficult to keep track of your spending. Especially if you’re using credit cards, cash, and debit. A credit limit should not be thought of as free money to spend. If your card’s credit limit is $2,000, you should not plan to spend $2,000 that month, unless you can pay that much. Even if you can pay your full balance, your credit score will lower if you use a high percentage of your limit.
Your payment history is a big factor that contributes to your credit score, and missing payments can have a negative impact on your score. When you miss payments, you’ll typically be charged a late fee and a penalty may be applied to your account. Late payments may be reported to the major credit bureaus if it’s more than 30 days late. This could be on your credit for up to seven years. If you carry a balance over to the next month, you could end up paying a large quantity of interest. Credit card interest rates run high. When you apply for a credit card, a credit card issuer checks your credit report, and this check shows up on your credit report. This check can lower your credit score by a few points. You shouldn’t let this worry you if there’s a specific credit card you’re looking to get. But, you may want to avoid applying for credit cards you don’t need.