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The concept of monstrosity, at an explicit representational level, has followed a set pattern in literature, but it has been politically deployed and modified differently in different contexts. Etymologically, the word “monster” is derived from the Latin monstrum, meaning “that which reveals” -- a warning or a portent. It is often used to refer to misshapen or deformed creatures. In Elizabethan England, with the various voyages, discoveries, and travel narratives of the time -- such as The Wonders of the East, the Liber Monstrorum, or the Travels of Sir John Mandeville -- the connotations of the term extended to the other races. In fact, representing another culture as monstrous often served to justify its displacement, or even its extermination. William Shakespeare’s work boasts of richly crafted characters such as Iago (from Othello), Macbeth, and Edmund (from King Lear) who are often deemed monstrous due to their moral degeneracy and malignancy. Nicholas Royle asserts, “Shakespeare is relentlessly concerned with making up monsters, with what is ‘unacceptable,’ ‘intolerable,’ and ‘incomprehensible’ in characters,” often associating ontological differences (for instance, dark skin in the case of Aaron, the Moor [from Titus Andronicus]) or deformity (the hunchbacked Richard III) with moral depravity. However, it is only in The Tempest (1611) that Shakespeare creates a literal monster in Caliban. Although he dwells on the idea of human bestiality in A Midsummer Night’s Dream when the character of Nick Bottom is transformed into a being with the head of an ass, that monstrosity is treated in the comic mode, and upon Bottom’s transformation back to his normal state, the very idea is relegated to the status of a dream, thereby denigrating its subversive potential. It is only in The Tempest that there is a profound investigation of the concept of monstrosity in human nature, especially -- but not exclusively -- in the figure of Caliban. In fact, the play is remarkably open to complex and even contradictory interpretations of the nature of monstrosity, which can be thoroughly explored on the basis of the text. The primary focus of this paper is on Caliban, but an attempt is to link the portrayal of that character to the larger question of what constitutes the notion of monstrosity itself, as well as its changing connotations within the context of changing Anglo-American attitudes, and finally to locate the subversive possibility of the interchangeability of the human and the monster by exposing the fragile boundaries that separate them.
Get original essayThe implicit threat from the monster’s body arises from its amorphousness and its propensity to change. Because of its fluid nature, the monster’s body presents a disturbing hybridity, which defies the classificatory system of signification. The monster thus becomes an ideal deconstructive symbol, disrupting “the totalizing conceptions of nature and destroying taxonomic logics, at once defining and challenging the limits of the natural” (Milburn). Derrida writes that, “A monster is always alive... Monsters are living beings... A monster is a species for which we do not yet have a name... it frightens precisely because no anticipation had prepared one to identify this figure.” Throughout the text of The Tempest, the precise nature of Caliban’s monstrosity is nebulous. In the 1623 folio, Caliban is described in the cast of characters as a “savage and deformed slave”; since then he has been variously identified as a drunken beast, a perverted form of Montaigne’s noble savage, a Darwinian “missing link,” a “fish man,” and an “ape man,” among others. He comes closest to what David Williams’ taxonomical characterization regards as “Nature Monstrous”: deformed figures of nature that are products of human and animal components combined, or combinations of parts of animals of different species. Conversely, the vague but persistent references to his deformity make it difficult to oust him from the category of what Williams calls the “body monstrous,” which includes the deformation of the body in terms of size, head, or unusual construction or in terms of the use of various body parts. The “freckled whelp,” for example, is the product of the illicit intermingling between the Algerian witch Sycorax and the Devil himself; his ruling deity is Setebos, who was worshipped by the Patagonian natives. He is referred to as “earth,” “hag-seed,” “fish,” “monster,” “a thing of darkness,” “puppy-headed,” “tortoise,” “misshapen,” and “moon-calf” on different occasions in the text. However, none of these terms give a clear idea of either his exact deformity or the precise nature of his monstrosity. Moreover, despite regarding Caliban belonging to a “vile race,” Miranda does recognize that, even with his grotesque features, his form is essentially human; her reference to Ferdinand as “the third man that e’er I saw” inevitably precludes the possibility of the first two being anyone other than Prospero and Caliban. This classification is reaffirmed in Prospero’s implied comparison of Ferdinand, the handsome young prince (“a thing divine”), and Caliban when he states: “to the most of man this is a Caliban.”
Jeffrey J. Cohen suggests that “the monster signifies something other than itself; it is always a displacement, always inhabits the gap between the time of upheaval that created it and the moment into which it is received, to be born again.” The monster functions as a dialectical other who is created to maintain the difference in the world of its creators. In fact, it is always a construction, a projection of the fears and anxieties which demonize the subject in the first place. The criterion itself is arbitrary. Any kind of disparity -- whether racial, cultural, sexual, or political -- can be projected onto the monstrous body. Apart from his physical monstrosity, Caliban is Prospero’s and Miranda’s racial other as well. Even in twentieth-century performances of The Tempest, Caliban’s grotesque physical features were often toned down, but in most cases it was still a black actor (or one adorned with black face paint) chosen to perform the role of the monster. The exaggeration or even distortion of the racial other as a monstrous aberration is a trope found from the classical period onward. In this context, Prospero’s fear for the honor of his daughter can be seen as a fear of the contamination of the purity of the race as well as a fear of miscegenation. It is Caliban’s attempted violation of Miranda’s honor that earns him the wrath of Prospero and for which he is punished. This anxiety is, however, not uncommon; in a patriarchal social formation, the feminine and cultural others are anyways relegated to the margins. Their intermingling therefore is not merely a challenge to the homosocial order of patriarchy: the “unholy” alliance can also lead to a loss of identity. Caliban himself is the product of such a union between the witch Sycorax and the Devil himself. On the other hand, Caliban’s response to the charge of rape associates him with a separate order of existence; as a being that exists in the state of nature, the desire for sexual union without a cultural bond is not unnatural to him, and racial difference does not prefigure as a hindrance to it. Cohen states that the monsters can claim an independent identity only after they are assembled as such through a process of fragmentation and reconfiguration. However, since the difference itself is arbitrary, the monster challenges the system itself -- that is, the world of its creators who created the difference in the first place. Observed in this light, Caliban’s attempt to procreate with Miranda -- to people “the isle with Calibans” -- is not just a manifestation of his raw sexuality, nature taking over nurture. Rather, it is also aimed at removing the difference that has been arbitrarily written on his body. Moreover, Caliban’s plan to assassinate Prospero can be seen as a continuation of this project, as the latter is the cultural apparatus that has produced the meaning in the first place and consequently marginalized him. It is Prospero who brings the cultural norms of his Milanese society to the “uninhabited” island and imposes them. His adherence to those sociocultural norms is evident later in the Ferdinand-Miranda scenes, too; he is constantly on guard despite his own plan to unite the two. In fact, Prospero’s paternalism does not allow any scope for the exercise of any kind of agency in the case of either Caliban or Miranda.
Caliban is Prospero’s monster-slave. However, it is not because of the latter’s superiority or the inherent inferiority of the “vile races.” Rather, it is through magic that Prospero keeps Caliban confined to his rock and makes him perform all of his menial tasks. Caliban himself is acutely aware of this. He knows that it is necessary to separate Prospero from his books of sorcery if his plan to kill Prospero is to succeed: “remember / first to possess his books; for without them he’s but a sot as I am, nor hath not / one spirit to command -- they all do hate him / as rootedly as I” (Tempest). Although Caliban does not know about the specific presence of Ariel, his observation is not untrue. Prospero might have freed Ariel from the cloven pine where Sycorax had imprisoned him, but he himself is no different. Upon hearing Ariel’s demand for freedom, Prospero calls him “malignant thing” and threatens him: “I will rend an oak / and peg thee in his knotty entrails till / thou has howled away twelve winters” (Tempest). Moreover, from Ariel’s list of activities performed for Prospero, it becomes clear that the latter has used Ariel to indulge his whims and fancies on many an occasion. From this perspective, there is not much difference between Antonio, who usurped Prospero’s kingdom, and Prospero himself. Moreover, by endowing Prospero with supernatural powers and not Caliban, despite his unnatural origins, Shakespeare inverts the hierarchical power relation between the man and the monster. As a consequence of this inversion, not only is Caliban placed in a position of subjugation, but he is also not feared by anyone despite his horrific appearance; in contrast, the human Prospero is dreaded by all.
Prospero’s attempts to civilize Caliban can be seen as metaphorically destroying the racial-cultural other -- destroying the monster by bringing him under his own influence. His inability to do so on the one hand leads him to an acknowledgement of his own failure: “this thing of darkness I acknowledge my own” (Tempest); but on the other hand, it leads him to vilify the unsynthesizable: “a devil, a born devil, on whose nature / nurture cannot stick; on whom my pains, / humanely taken, all, all lost, quite lost; / and as with age his body uglier grows... I will plague them all” (Tempest). The teaching of language to Caliban by both father and daughter takes on a new meaning in this cultural context. Language becomes an essential tool in establishing power over an environment and its inhabitants -- what Stephen Greenblat calls “linguistic colonialism.” They take it for granted that they have introduced language to one who “wouldst gabble like / a thing most brutish”; that Caliban might already have his own language is not even considered as a possibility by the former, an oversight that Caliban points out: “you taught me language... I know how to curse. The red plague rid you / for learning me your (my emphasis) language” (Tempest). Contemporary linguistic theories too prove that the first language is acquired unconsciously; it is only a second language that has to be learned consciously.
Moreover, there is disparity between how other people perceive Caliban and what his own thoughts and actions reveal. He is shown as having emotions -- in fact, he is almost poetically sensitive to nature -- and although gullible, he is intelligent enough to have learned another language, and then further to use that language for resistance rather than servitude. Besides, he has an acute awareness of being used and then displaced, at least in the feudal sense, by Prospero, who for him is a usurper: “the island’s mine by Sycorax my mother, / which thou tak’st from me.” In fact, Caliban’s plan with Trinculo and Stephano to assassinate Prospero, gruesome as it is, is the product of natural grievances. In contrast, Antonio and Sebastian’s plan to kill the latter’s brother (Alonso, the king of Naples) is the consequence of lust for power. Unlike Caliban, they are neither displaced nor do they have any legitimate grievance; they aren’t even inebriated. By drawing a parallel between the two scenes, Shakespeare demands a closer investigation of the nature of monstrosity itself while questioning the values and benefits of Jacobean civilization. The physically deformed creature may be mentally depraved, but the well-formed and well-placed characters have an equally dwarfed conscience. For example, Antonio states: “ay, sir [Sebastian], where lies that [conscience]? ... I feel not this deity in my bosom” (Tempest). As Jan Kott argues, in the Shakespearean world there is “no distinguishable difference between good kings and tyrants or kings and clowns. ... Terror and struggle for power is not a privilege of princes, it is a law of the world.” The influence of the French thinker Michel de Montaigne is palpable in Shakespeare. In his essay “Of the cannibals,” he compares the brutality and fanaticism of the Christians against each other in the French civil wars to cannibalism: “I think there is more barbarism in eating men alive than to feed upon them being dead, to mangle by tortures and torments a body full of lively sense.” Montaigne also states that the cannibals may be called barbarians “in respect to the rules of reason, but not in respect to ourselves, who surpass them in every kind of barbarity.” Thus, the relative extent of “barbarity” is not merely associated with a culture or a particular point of view, but also with degrees.
Shakespeare performs a similar task in pointing out the relative nature of barbarity or even monstrosity. The honest old counselor Gonzalo’s speech is almost a paraphrase of Montaigne: “if I should say I saw such islanders / ... though they are of monstrous shape, yet note, / their manners are more gentle, kind, than of / our human generation you shall find” (Tempest). This relativism can also be found in Prospero’s comments about Ferdinand when he is chiding Miranda for her attraction to the former: “to th’ most of men this is a Caliban, / and they to him are angels” (Tempest). Although the character of Prospero is only play-acting in order to raise the worth of his daughter “lest too light winning / make the prize light” (Tempest), the playwright subtly questions the basis for claims to humanity and denial of monstrosity. Shakespeare’s text seems to suggest that monstrosity is something inherent in human beings; civilization can be the guard that suppresses or better still represses it, but it is impossible to completely eliminate it. It is therefore of little surprise that the psychoanalytic school of criticism has often seen Prospero and Caliban as the self and the repressed “other,” respectively. In fact, the monster bears greater similarities to what Julia Kristeva calls the “Abject”; while the Repressed, although it presents a continual possibility of return, disappears entirely from consciousness, the Abject is always at the periphery of consciousness. The threat in this sense from the monster’s body to the self is both conscious and unconscious.
To bring some semblance of order and restore stability, it is necessary that the monster be exiled or destroyed. Even Derrida, despite his celebration of monstrosity (material as well as semiotic) as a deconstructive icon and its capacity to violate the “natural” order of things, recognizes that it has an awful side as well. He notes that monsters, “because of their violences, must be continually subjected to deconstruction by their own monstrosities.” Toward the end of the play, Caliban is ousted from the purview of the geographical locus because, despite having already been subdued, the monster remains a potential threat: it can never be fully integrated or assimilated. Yet, conceptually, the monster can never be exterminated: by being the perpetual other, the Abject, the monster validates the category of the self, and in its absence, the binary itself will break down.
Works Consulted
Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome (editor). Monster Theory: Reading Culture. Minneapolis, London: University of Minnesota Press- 1996.
Frey, Charles. “The Tempest and the New World.” Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Winter, 1979), pp. 29-41. Published by: Folger Shakespeare Library in association with George Washington University. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2869659.
Hattaway, Michael (Editor). A Companion to English Renaissance Literature and Culture. Blackwell Publishers Limited, 2000.
Ingebretsen, Edward J. “Staking the Monster: A Politics of Remonstrance”. Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation, Vol. 8, No. 1 (Winter, 1998), pp. 91-116. Published by: University of California Press. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1123915.
Joshi, S. T (edited). “The Monster” by Richard Bleiler in Icons of Horror and the Supernatural: An Encyclopaedia of our Worst Nightmares, Volumes 1 and 2.Greenwood Press, 2007.
Kott, Jan. Shakespeare Our Contemporary. London: Methuen & Co. Limited, 1965.
Kristeva, Julia. The Powers of Horror: An essay on Abjection translated by Leon S. Roudiez. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982.
McAfee, Noelle. Routledge Critical Thinkers: Julia Kristeva. London and New York: Routledge, 2004.
McCloskey, John C. “Caliban, Savage Clown” College English, Vol. 1, No. 4 (Jan., 1940), pp. 354-357. Published by: National Council of Teachers of English. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/370659.
Milburn, Colin Nazhone. “Monsters in Eden: Darwin and Derrida.” MLN 118 (2003): 603-621 © 2003. Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
"Monsters." Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. 2001. (http://www.encyclopedia.com).
Punday, Daniel. “Narrative Performance in the Contemporary Monster Story.” The Modern Language Review, Vol. 97, No. 4 (Oct., 2002), pp. 803-820. Published by: Modern Humanities Research Association. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3738613.
Royle, Nicholas. Routledge Critical Thinkers: Jacques Derrida. London and New York: Routledge, 2007.
Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. Editor: Peter Hulme and William H. Sherman. New York and London, W. W. Norton and Company, 2004.
Shakespeare, William. “Introduction.” The Tempest, Editor: Frank Kermode, The Arden Shakespeare. London: Methuen and Co. Limited 1954.
Sprunger, David. (1998): Review of David Williams’ Deformed Discourse: The Function of the Monster in Mediaeval Thought and Literature. Montreal: McGill Queen's University Press, 1996.
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Get custom essayVaughan, Virginia Mason. “‘Something Rich and Strange’: Caliban's Theatrical Metamorphoses.” Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 4 (Winter, 1985), pp. 390-405. Published by: Folger Shakespeare Library in association with George Washington University. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2870303.
Call Me By Your Name is a 2017 romantic coming-of-age drama film directed by Luca Guadagnino. The film stars Thimothée Chalamet and Armie Hammer as Elio Perlman and Oliver respectively. The story is based on the 2007 novel by André Aciman and set in northern Italy in 1983. It tells the story of the romance between Elio, a 17-year-old boy and his father’s assistant, Oliver. Elio lives with his parents in the Italian countryside and meets Oliver who lives with his family over the summer of 1983. Over time, Elio and Oliver spend a lot of time together discussing mutual interests and later develop romantic feelings.
Get original essayCall Me By Your Name is a story of first love that explores the dynamic between Elio and Oliver which grows into a romantic relationship. Same-sex relationships were far more taboo back in the 80s. Overall the film has a very sensual feel that perfectly captures the 80s nostalgia. The very carefully selected score supports this atmosphere. Guadagnino personally selected the music and wanted to find an emotional, not too heavy feeling. The director wanted the music to connect to Elio, who is a young pianist who likes to adapt pieces, in order to get closer to his father’s assistant Oliver. The splendid cinematography and the score created the summery feeling that the movie embodies all throughout. The film’s costumes and production design really nail the look of the 80s.
Chalamet really brings the character of Elio to life. Elio is someone who experiences a lot of things for the first time and often cannot describe these. Chamalet’s face and body language made his character very relatable and easy to understand. The rare close-ups of Elio show a lot of emotion and are almost mesmerizing. The chemistry between Chalamet and Hammer is strong and truly show the emotions between the characters. The couple’s physical chemistry adds to the overall sensual feel of the movie.
Even though the atmosphere is nearly perfect in the movie, the representation of the physical compatibility is not. The romantic relationship between the two main characters does not include any explicit love scenes and remains very discreet. In the context of today’s perspective on same-sex relationships, it is something that was rather odd to leave out of an otherwise remarkable movie. Guadagnino revealed in an interview with the Hollywood Reporter that “in order for queer stories to be marketable, they must be presented in a way that will not alienate straight audiences.” The tone and the direction of the movie were about the emotional journey of first love, rather than a queer narrative, he explained. This is to help the film gain a wider audience beyond the LGBTQ community, but it feels a bit too restrained in later parts of the movie.
Call Me By Your Name is a nearly perfect romantic drama film and captures the emotions of the two main characters very well. However, in order to have done the story justice, the film should have presented a more honest and unfiltered narrative that did not limit itself to comforting and appeasing mainstream audiences.
Call of Duty is a game based on shooting and stealing. It was first released within Microsoft and later became a series that could be accessed on consoles and other handheld remotes. There are several series to this game which include: the original call of duty, call of duty 2, call of duty 3, call of duty 4- modern warfare, world of war, modern warfare 2, black ops, cold war, modern warfare 3, black ops 2, call of duty ghosts, advanced warfare , and black ops 3, which was created earlier this year. All of these games have the same ideas and strategies woven within them. Generally the only thing that changes from game to game would be the design and missions. Call of duty games are exciting and capture the interests of almost anyone.
Get original essayWithin the article the author explained four criteria that make up a game. This included goals, rules, feedback, and voluntary participation. These aspects make up a good game according to the author. Without having these criteria, one would have a difficult time playing and even evaluation the game as well. In my opinion, she summed up games everywhere while explaining these necessary criteria.
The first of these has to do with goals. Each and every game must have some sort of goal whether its sports, action, or even a children’s game. A goal is the desired result. This can be personal or group oriented. In the game of Call of Duty, there are several different goals. The main one is to make it through the various challenges without getting killed or arrested. In this game you want to break the law as much as possible. You do this by shooting people and stealing vehicles or other flying devices such as helicopters. Once you kill and steal from others, the police start looking for you and you must make careful moves. Another goal of this game is competing with other groups. You want to have the highest score in these games.
The next aspect that was listed was rules. Rules make it difficult to achieve the goal. In call of duty the most important rule is not to get caught. Once you are caught the game is over. Another very important rule associated with these series would be not shooting yourself or your teammates. Believe it or not you can accidently shoot your own character if the bullet hits an object and returns back at you. These rules are both very important to the game. Those who do not follow will lose. Games must have rules or they would be easy to win. This would lose the interest of people.
The third criterion was feedback. Feedback includes your stats for the game. It is a device that lets players know how well they did in the game. These results can include how you did against others or even how well you did since the last time one played. Feedback is very essential because it allows us to know if we are making any progress or not. In call of duty, at the end of a mission, one is given gold stars to explain the success of the match. The more stars given, the better one did. This is a simplified version of feedback because other systems can have a more complex model of feedback.
The last concept was that of voluntary participation. This idea is one that we do not typically think of, but basically, it is a combination of these three criteria explained above. Voluntary participation means that one is competent and understand how the game system works. If you do not understand, the game will be quite difficult for you. No one wants to play against someone who has no idea about the game.
These four criteria are needed in each game. If even one aspect is missing the entire game would become unsystematic and not enjoyable to its players. Call of Duty employs each of these criteria within its games.
Department of Tourism said, “It’s more fun in the Philippines”. One of the reasons that it is fun in the Philippines is because of it is some of the world’s greatest biodiversity and its an abundance of natural resources. The natural topology and climate in the Philippines make it so compatible with agriculture.
Get original essayAccording to World Bank, agriculture in the Philippines employs 27.7% of the Filipino Workforce as of 2017, making it the 8th largest rice producer in the world, accounting for 2.8% of global rice production based on Food and Agriculture Organization statistics in march 2011, then followed by other major agricultural crops like corn, sugarcane, coconut, coffee, mangoes, pineapple, tobacco, bananas, and abaca.
Having all of these resources given to use by nature, Poverty is still one reason the Philippines is “not fun”. The Philippines' poverty rate diminished from 25.2 percent in 2012 to 21.6 percent in 2015, as indicated by the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) directed by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). In any case, notwithstanding the decrease in these numbers, there are as yet glaring issues in regard to the issue of poverty. One of the more conspicuous ones is the continued prevalence of poverty within most of the basic sectors in the country.
According to Philippine Statistics Authority’s Poverty Incidence for Basic Sectors: 2006, 2009, 2012, and 2015 table, Five of the nine essential divisions controlled by the PSA—farmers (34.3 percent), fishermen (34.0), children who belong to families with income below the official poverty threshold (31.4), independently employed and unpaid family workers (25.0) and women belonging poor families (22.5)— have higher destitution rates than the overall public (at 21.6 percent). Farmers and fishermen consistently registered as the two sectors with the highest poverty incidence since 2006. Farming is not considered sexy in most countries. Rather, it is seen as a one-way ticket to poverty and drudgery. Young people leave the countryside to seek better opportunities in urban areas.
The critical role of the agriculture sector in a country’s overall economic development as stylized in economic development literature is well known. First, it provides food in the country and raw materials for the rest of the economy. Second, it provides a significant market for the products of the non-agricultural economy, as one of the buyers of farm inputs as well as consumer goods and services produced in the non-agricultural economy. And last, as the sector grows and modernizes in the face of limited supplies of agricultural land, it releases surplus labor to the industry and services sectors. It provides jobs and a source of living of the farmers and employment, although they work hard enough for their families, many of the farmers are poor in the rural areas where agriculture is the main source of livelihood and employment.
Thirty years on people tend to still find that people in developing countries who depend on agriculture for their living are typically much poorer even though they work hard than people who work in other sectors of the economy and that they represent a significant share, often the majority, of the total number of poor people in the countries where they live. Although farming and agricultural living is one of the best and most famous work in most of countries, farmers do not have enough money offered by their partners. Every three months, prices received by farmers increased by at least 2%. Products are crops, livestock, fisheries, and farmgate.
Developed countries such as Singapore are rich, even though they are not focused in agriculture. Singapore even held a conference which entitled Ag-Con Asia at Marina Bay Sands Expo and Convention Centre, it is mainly on producing innovative technology and business. As it has a climate for innovation, strategic location, and strong skills which can transform agriculture and aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific Region.
This research paper is about the study of agribusiness and the innovation of technology throughout the years. Countries who produce and import agricultural products in the Philippines and if in the later years will it overcome the poverty of the Philippines or the country stay where it was being one of the third world countries.
As stated by Dr. Rolando Dy in his Article “Changing World”, contract farming is where the farmers and buyers have their conditions of the products, its production, and how it is sold and imported in other countries. Contract farming is famous and applied all over Southeast Asia, especially in the products of oil palm, dairy, seeds, vegetables and broiler chicken. In the Philippines, most of the chicken produced is in contract-grown by San Miguel and Bounty’s farm from day-old chicks to hatching and growing.
The advantages of this contract farming is that the seller has a choice to negotiate the terms and conditions when it comes to exporting the farm products, they can also have this kind of trial, and when it failed they can search for a new buyer that matches their needs. It also increased farm incomes because they have a lot of buyers to choose from, with their conditions applying to it. As the buyer agrees to the condition of the seller’s contract, they have the supply of the products on time as they export it to the respective buyers. It also introduces to a higher value and quality of crops, as the supplier will go through a stage process where they will pick the products carefully that satisfy the buyer’s needs. Buyers also has market access whenever they are choosing or just browsing through farm products that can add up to their market stocks.
Contract farming also has its disadvantages, an example of this is the buyer’s monopoly power where the degree of price setting is held by a supplier on the basis of its market share. The buyer can negotiate the price when they are satisfied depending on the price on the market and its demand of supply. Farmer’s owners can also be changed to any family farms. The bias of companies towards large farms where smaller farms can also be given a chance but also has its limited payments. Looking at other industries like sugar companies, they have a problematic issue that selling by contract farmers to other buyers who offer higher prices, thus neglecting the first one who offered because they do not have enough money to provide. Over the years, companies have the ability to change the contract and the standards of it, like having higher standards and strict policies, payments by other companies also cause a delay when the farmers do not have anything to do, they just have to wait for them to have their income received with their both hands. While other companies demand to use a certain type of fertilizers, of course, farmers would have to buy and look for that certain kind of fertilizers that the company want. Farmers require to have new equipment even though they do not have enough money to buy new technologies for them to have a much easier workload. Workers also forces to go on overtime at different times, the company also demands to have the product be delivered at a specific time.
The demand and supply of the products do not have a balance when it comes to exporting a group of companies. The demand of a certain product to produce unlimited supplies that he can sell everything that was being made. In the long run, this causes in excess of supply. Since farm products have its expiration date, negotiating and market powers are weakened because farmers are under pressure when selling their products before it becomes spoiled. They are then forced to accept low-offered payments by buyers. This causes the farmers to remain poor.
Escaping farmers from this poverty trap in agriculture. Mass poverty advanced among farmers of developed and innovative countries, it is when they tried to adopt the free-market policy, this poverty decreased upon research when they decided to adopt a public utility policy. Our country is currently trying this under a free market, having the farmers’ hopes up to change the system, as Mr. Edward Tayengco stated. Changes are observed when this public utility policy of symbiotic relationship between the agriculture and industry sectors is strengthened. They noticed that the supplier of food and raw materials, and an adequate market for products and services from industries become economically healthy, this strengthened relationship can contribute to the rapid and stable economic growth of developing countries.
A new policy called “producer-controlled marketing boards.” Involves organizing and training farmers into compulsory cooperatives and legally vesting them with monopoly powers to organize the marketing commodities and policies. This new policy allows them to negotiate with companies and buyers who offer them low money that cannot sustain or do not have enough to their budget when exporting goods. The objective of this policy is to control supply, in order to not produce an unlimited supply that will only cause the products to spoil and be offered at a low price, to raise their farm within the price range and income of the laborers, produce market power that it can be known and trusted, and lastly is to increase production and marketing efficiency with producing high quality and trusted products to be distributed.
Knowing poverty should have a list of countries where agriculture or agribusiness is being implemented. Researchers’ type of study includes data of expenses when it comes to producing farm goods. This data of prices and exchange rates will be used within a given computation that it will then be the result of the comparison of the expenditures of each country. If the given amount is less than the chosen poverty threshold, then that individual is considered to be in a state of poverty.
The change in real expenditures between any two time periods will reflect changes in income or prices between those two periods, the poverty head count and the poverty rate. If in some cases the per capita income rises, expenditures on goods and services will also rise. The mathematical relationship between consumer expenditures and income, the marginal propensity to consume, tends to be higher for poor than for rich people. Therefore, as the income of the poor rises, some of them will begin to spend the money wisely and to spend more than the threshold expenditure per day leading it to a lower poverty headcount and rate. There will also be a decrease in consumer prices the consumers will purchase more goods and services with a high-quality standard with the same budget and this will also tell that an increase in real expenditures lead to a lower number of people in the poverty state.
Excellent agricultural performances lead to reduce measured poverty through both income and price range. A high share of the poor depends on the agriculture of their incomes, higher demand is equal to higher supply. It is natural thinking of a person that an increase of demand means that it can lower poverty, perhaps as findings from previous research recommend, even more so than a general increase in the incomes of the farmers. Similarly, because food companies such as a high share of consumer expenditures by the poor it is also tempting to think that lower food prices, such as might accompany increased food production per capita. This research is not guaranteed, an ambiguity arises precisely because so many poor people depend on farming for a living. Thus depending on what causes prices to daily. These possibilities put a question mark on the relationship between poverty and food production as an area requiring further exploration and research.
Laboratories in Argentina launched its first Agtech Acceleration Program, called “Agrotech” to identify with “agro: slang for agribusiness, in the region in 2016 with a group of no more than 10 startups with almost no funding and only early adoption from farmers. Agtech Week culminated in Congreso Aapresid, with an audience and listeners of over 5,000 farmers in Córdoba paying attention to the possibility of Blockchain and other frontier technologies by both local and international entrepreneurs and technology companies. Last year, Agtech also partnered to develop Pulse, an innovation hub in Piracicaba, Brazil, together with Raizen, Brazil’s largest ethanol producer, to develop pilots with agtech startups.
Although there are many interested local companies, institutions, and farmers trying to understand the implications of new technological developments – most of the initial interest in Blockchain, for example of this if which cryptocurrency they should invest in, technology is yet to be disrupted in the agribusiness value chain. If global agricultural production needs to grow by 60% by 2050 to meet the global demand, Latin America’s production needs to grow by 80%, according to its statistical computation, market participation and growth potential. This results in a bigger focus on yield increases, versus land expansion or higher crop intensity. In some factors, Latin America has pioneered agribusiness technology adoption by their innovation. An aspect engrained in Argentina’s Aapresid farmer association is the adoption of direct sowing practice which is no-till, which lowers soil erosion; now at 81% of Argentina’s arable land. Partnering with high technology adoption with market share, local companies have to think of an opportunity to grow globally under the shadows of global leaders in their key markets.
As the venture company of Agtech focused on technology opportunities in Latin America, NXTP Labs is looking for new technology firms capturing large market opportunities where local entrepreneurs may have a competitive advantage compared to international one. Latin American agribusiness is relevant in the global food export market, and it already has examples of successful entrepreneurs by using innovative technology in both applying technology and agribusiness sectors to serve as role models. Latin America plays a key role in the food and agribusiness value chain and is yet to launch with prominent and high-quality agtech players that can leverage regional advantages to become dominant in terms of global players. It lacks the venture liquidity track record of the United States when its market is less integrated. However, several sub-sectors provide an edge for local entrepreneurs to develop local solutions for problems shared by farmers, suppliers, processors, and distributors in certain regions.
People know that agribusiness is important to many countries, as the people there is farming and agriculture is their income and source of living. Over the years, agriculture changed, technology adapted and many farmers gained a lot of buyers with the ease of farm production. Comparisons with international experience suggest that the country is an average performer in terms of land productivity. According to Rosegrant and Hazell (2000), from 1967 to 1995, yield growth in developing Asia averaged 3.3 percent per year, with the highest growth in one of the largest populations in the world which is China, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Vietnam. The lowest growth performance occurred in Nepal; the Philippines is somewhat in the middle in productivity, and yield growth in the Philippines coincided with the period of the Green Revolution.
There are many changes in Agriculture within the span of 50 years, Travis Miller said, and conducted research which He finds fascinating. He discovered some key advancements when it comes to agriculture. Farmers are annoyed with the pest that destructs their farms, but through the years there are pest management through genetically modified plants; the institution of integrated pest management programs. Farmers discovered plant breeding that allows high plant populations for faster productivity and supplies. Precision planting equipment so that farmers would not be bothered planting hardly and to ease their nature of work. People also came up with the good idea to better-formulated fertilizer and application equipment for a higher quality of farm products. Also, global positioning system agriculture has faster, larger, and more efficient tractors and combines, mapping plant genomes that allow more rapid breeding; rapid and more accurate soil testing; and semi-dwarf wheat varieties.
Effects of this advancement in farm products include that wheat producers have benefitted from semi-dwarf varieties, Hessian-fly, cereal-mite, and greenbug resistance that hinders pest from destructing plants. Crop management advances have made increased yields possible, when the weather cooperates of course there are more products will be supplied. The use of commercial and better-formulated fertilizers also helped farmers increase yields. Soil test technology improved and aided farmers in identifying the fertility of the plants needed. Innovated pest management equipment started in Texas in the year around 1972. Advances in agricultural mechanization and in reduced-till and no-till equipment has also been observed. Planting equipment does a lot of work and has come a long way from the “busters planters of the 1950s”
This advancement also increased in efficiency. Way back when a farmer only feeds 25 people to 155 in 50 years is a total achievement to the agricultural or agribusiness industry. The reason that they have their source of living is because of the exponential growth from increased productivity.
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Get custom essayMy recommendation would be that the Philippine Department of Agriculture should organize and create a team to research the desirability of organizing and operating producer-controlled marketing boards in the model of developed countries. In this way, maybe the Philippines would be a step closer to eradicating mass poverty in agriculture or agribusiness. Improvements and innovative advancement in terms of producing farm products, an example of this is the ease of the workload of the farmers, although not all the work would be made by machines, farmers should be educated and trained to have an innovative and advanced mind when it comes to producing or creating new equipment. Suggesting new machines and farm products that can help them produce more goods with a high-quality standard. Companies also should consider buying or negotiating to a small farm, they can benefit through that with the same to large farm that the companies or industries only want. Small farms need more partnerships so that they can expand their farms and produce more goods. Introduction to new materials should not scare the farmers to try, instead, they should be willing to learn and with that they can think of more innovative products to their respective businesses. Government should fund equally and negotiate more with other countries so that the products of the Philippines would be exported to other countries this will result to decrease of the poverty of the farmers because of the many countries would trust the high quality and efficient products of the Philippines. Farmers and government should talk about the program structure to match their missions and budget of the goods. Government should provide enough budget to the farmers and not buying their products with very low money.
Have you ever worried about dying from nuclear energy? Nuclear power is when nuclear energy is used to generate heat or electricity. Nuclear energy has been an extremely controversial topic, as to if and when it should be used. The government has been making drastic decisions as to if it should be used. There have been many debates as to how nuclear energy/power can be used to stop global warming as well as how it should be you stop global warming. The use of nuclear energy by the government is a bad idea because it will have a major negative impact on your health as well as have a major negative impact on finances.
Get original essayNuclear energy should not be used because of the negative impacts on physical health. For example, according to “Nuclear Energy Is Not a Solution for Global Warming”, written by Alan Robock it states, “ the risk of catastrophic nuclear accidents has been drastically underestimated. Nuclear reactors are built, operated, and regulated by humans, and humans make mistakes. Accidents can happen not just from meltdowns but from earthquakes, tsunamis, and aircraft accidents ”. This quote expresses how humans create man-made accidents that have happened to them. Normally they would unintentionally be hurting themselves or others around them. Having people work on nuclear energy is physically hazardous as well as if a natural disaster occurred everyone would be in high-risk danger. Another example is in “Should Nuclear Power be Part of New York's Clean Energy Mix, as State Fights Climate Change?” written by Chris Bolt and it states, “ he expressed concerns about all the ways produced in nuclear power plants: “ you will have low and medium level radioactive waste from the metals that are near the reaction chamber now sometimes those waste put into poor communities. And we don't have a concern with high-level radioactive waste storage, which is still an issue and they're still not a good solution”. This quote expresses how professionals than to put in all the radioactive stuff that they use in poor communities, they could even put it in the oceans in which we swim as well as how the ways that are put into poor communities have their health at stake at absolutely no choice.
Nuclear energy also should not be used by the government to rid issues because it will have an extremely large impact on finances. For example in Nuclear Energy Is Not a Solution for Global Warming”, written by Alan Robock it states, “ not it's not McQueen viable. Nuclear power is extremely expensive. It could not even exist in the US without huge government subsidies, including insurance against accidents”. This shows how nuclear energy is expensive to come on and the government will have an extremely hard time affording it. As well as the drastic increase in money demand from insurance companies from all of the accidents caused by nuclear energy. Another example is in, “Nuclear Power Needs to Double to Curb Global Warming” written by Bobby Magill which states, “ another Viewpoint came from Jessica Azulay from Alliance for a green economy. She is concerned about the finances of nuclear, which is more expensive than traditional energy sources. She argues that helping people to “ change their light bulbs, change their efficient refrigerators, weatherize their homes… will give people a lower energy bill in a more affordable home”. The show of cool from an expert in which is about another way in which the government can save money rather than use nuclear energy which will cost them more. She showed a way to help people by giving a professional point of view as well as giving a way the government can save money.
On the other hand, people would think nuclear power should be used because although it will have an impact on the physical rather what they think more important is mental health. For example in “Should Nuclear Power be Part of New York's Clean Energy Mix, as State Fights Climate Change?” written by Chris Bolt states, “ ‘ the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation has said there's no discernible increase in the incidence of radiation-related health effects expected among exposed members of the public or their descendants. The most important health effect is mental and social well-being and stress, which is exacerbated formation by radiation and its effects”. Kids show that even though your physical health may be affected by nuclear energy, your mental health is much more important because of what you are taught and hypnotized in a way to think that nuclear energy will hurt you. Although, this quote expresses that mental health is more important, once you get sick your mental health is going to be much worse than it already is. For example in “ The Nuclear accidents damage Human Health” written by Debora Mackenzie for its states, “ radiation exposure above a certain threshold, usually only received by workers an emergency team and a striped can plants, causes acute radiation syndrome with hours of exposure. Depending on the dose of radiation this ranges from skin rashes, and diarrhea, to coma and death”. This quote contradicts the statement of how nuclear energy affects your physical health worse because would you rather be scared of having nuclear energy kill you or have it in reality actually kill you. Radiation from nuclear plants has caused many deaths and many skin diseases.
In conclusion, The use of nuclear energy to fight global warming is a bad idea because it will have a major negative impact on your health as well as have a major negative impact on finances. Nuclear energy is extremely controversial and many experts argue from a different points of view. Nuclear energy has not only been controversial amongst the people but the government as well.
By the early 1860’s the United British North America (BNA) had been a common idea following the American Civil War. Following the US civil war, the belief that Britain was becoming increasingly reluctant to defend its North American colonies against possible US aggression grew among the northern colonies. Unrest among the BNA of the American appetite for expansionism affirmed with the US purchase of Alaska in 1867. Suddenly, Confederation offered the colonies a chance to establish unification against America, and to create a free-trade market that was not reliant on American trade, this was especially vital after the US abrogation of the Reciprocity Treaty in 1866. Confederation would also consolidate funds to construct cross-Provincial railways, which the BNA had very few of.
Get original essayConfederation was the perfect solution to offer Britain an honourable means of escaping the economic and military burden in North America, while allowing its colonies the strength to unite, and prosper.
In 1864, New Brunswick premier Samuel Leonard Tilley, Nova Scotia premier Charles Tupper, and Prince Edward Island premier John Hamilton Gray were positing the idea of a BNA Maritime Union which would unite the three colonies. These delegations were called the Charlottetown Conference. John A. Macdonald, premier of the province of Canada surprised the maritime politicians by asking if the Province of Canada could be included in the negotiations. The maritime conference allowed Macdonald to join the delegations, and the Charlottetown Conference began on September 1, 1864 and was waived on September 9, with the province of Canada, and the maritime provinces united. This was the beginning of what would unfold into the united dominion of Canada.
Shortly after returning from the Charlottetown Conference, John A. Macdonald invited the delegates from the three maritime provinces and newfoundland to hold The Quebec Conference with United Canadian delegates. The conference was held in Quebec City on October 1864. Despite the conference electing Étienne-Paschal Taché as its chairman, it was Macdonald who dominated the assembly. The conference ended with the adoption of the Seventy-Two Resolutions, which formed the basis for future conferences and laid out the groundworks for the Canadian Constitution. The major points addressed in the resolutions were: a strong united federal government, defined provincial powers, and that the province of Canada will be divided into Quebec and Ontario. The Conference was adjourned on October 27.
In December 1866, the delegates from the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick met with crown delegates in London to finalize and discuss the details of the constitutional confederation. Macdonald chairing The London Conference, was described by Sir Frederic Rogers of the British Colonial Office as “the ruling genius”. Under Macdonald’s urging, the BNA and British delegates had revised and amended the 7t resolution to the newly names London Resolutions, which were now ready to submit to Colonial Office, and then, to Parliament.
The delegates reconvened in January 1867 and began drafting the British North America Act. The delegates opted to call the new country The Dominion of Canada. The Draft for the British North America Act was completed by February 1867 and presented to Queen Victoria six days later. The bill was then passed on to the House of Lords, and then also approved by the British House of Commons. royal assent was passed on March 29, 1867, the date for union was set for July 1, 1867. And thus, Canada as known today was born. Canada’s Dominion elections were held in August and September to elect the first Parliament, which would consist of 72 people (24 from Quebec and Ontario, and 12 from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia) to sit in the Senate. From those elections John A. Macdonald became the first Prime Minister of Canada, finally achieving years of work.
To help the management of CTC develop better strategies and plans for sustainability, they usually carry out Canadian Tire SWOT analysis. By analyzing the weak points and potential threats of the corporation, it can easily know the areas that require adjustments and how to position itself for success. Defining the strengths and opportunities, on the other hand, enables the company to determine the areas that should be emphasized on for a competitive edge in the market. It is recommended that a SWOT analysis is conducted frequently so the business’ performance is not hurt by the shifting market trends.
Get original essayTo come up with a comprehensive Canadian Tire SWOT analysis, it is advisable to clearly address each of the four elements independently. The following is an evaluation of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the Canadian Tire Corporation;
The Canadian Tire Corporation derives its strength from many aspects. The company has a diverse portfolio comprising, auto parts and services, home products, apparel, petroleum/ gas, and financial services. This has enabled it to become the largest retailer in Canada, with stores across the country and online presence.
Other strengths of the corporation include;
On the local retail grid, Canadian Tire Corporation is a renowned brand that has been in existence since 1922.
Like other leading retail chains, Canadian Tire also experiences certain levels of weakness. One is that despite the diverse portfolio, the company remains more focused on the local market. This may have negative impacts on the business in cases of harsh market conditions. Besides, there have also been concerns over the prices of goods and services offered by CTC, which many say have gone up.
Another weakness is the lack of focus on the changing demographics of the Canadian retail industry, caused by the influx of different cultures into the population. CTC has not been keen on meeting the changing trends in the market. Besides, the company’s customer service delivery has also taken a downturn, an aspect that could easily convince many customers to switch to other retailers.
Due to the prominence of CTC in the local market, it has a greater opportunity to exploit in Canada for increased sales and revenues. Quite a few retailers in the Canadian market have been acquired by foreign companies in recent years. This means Canadian Tire has the space to use its national pride as a unique aspect in its campaigns. The income levels of many Canadians are on the rise and this is good news to the company. Higher income levels mean many people will tend to buy more retail products and services, impacting increased sales and eventually, revenues. However, it should be noted that buying trends may vary based on the products in demand, prices and quantities bought.
The rapidly changing market trends creates the need for variety, which Canadian Tire can exploit by diversifying its product portfolio to suit different demands.
Despite consolidates sales and financial performance of Canadian Tire, it also faces significant threats. Some of these threats have existed in the market for quite a long time while others are just gaining ground. Besides, there are also other threats that have not taken effect yet but are likely to develop in the future. The following are the key threats facing CTC;
The above evaluation of Canadian Tire SWOT analysis presents a not so bad situation for the corporation. However, the increasing concerns over poor customer service is an aspect that can have dire consequences on sales if not addressed with urgency and efficiency. Although most of the company’s successes are owed to its dominance in the local market, it should consider the various expansion opportunities in foreign markets to grow its customer base even further. With these and more adjustments, Canadian Tire can easily enhance its sustainability and profitability.
Abhijit Naskar once said “a world where you cannot speak to another person without worrying about what they are going to think of you, has not advanced much from the days when white people used to own slaves”. Cancel culture is a modern form of exclusion in which a person is thrown out of a social or professional circle, whether online, on social media, or in person. Cancellation can take numerous forms, including requiring organizations to cancel particular public appearances or speeches. I will outlining the following advantages and disadvantages: cancel culture as a form of support connection and as the cause of depression; as a way to male people feel good and a way to hurt people's self-esteem; as a way to boost self-esteem and as a way that leads to self-absorption.
Get original essayAside from allowing people to reconnect with family and friends, social media became critical communication tool during the pandemic. Firstly, a stay-at-home orders prevented them from meeting in person, people turned to social media to interact with one another and as a result social media became the social connection amongst loved ones. Secondly, for a tool that is designed to bring people together, it may have the opposite impact more especially when arguments erupts online. Thirdly, social media has been connected to sadness, anxiety and loneliness as a means of isolating people. Lastly, it is the responsibility of users to not act with emotions when posting or commenting on social media.
Social media has a habit of reinforcing use. People become addicted to checking their status updates to have information of things that revolve around them. In addition, using social media can sometimes trigger the brain reward area by generating feel-good chemical, which keeps people returning due to relive the good experiences. Furthermore, cancel culture can be beneficial for those who struggle to interact in person due to social anxiety. Lastly, all this feeling might cause feelings of insecurity, envy and discontent. People needs to be aware of the use of social media and stop using it if it affects them badly.
Cancel culture can also promote self-esteem, especially of a person is seen positively or has a large amount of likes or engagements on their work. Firstly, allowing some people to share aspects of their identity that they may find hard to articulate in person. Secondly, it is beneficial to people who struggle to interact with one another. Thirdly, sharing endless selfies and your deepest thoughts can lead to unhealthy self-centeredness that focus on a person to creating an online image rather than making real-life moments with their loved ones. Finally, one must asses how cancel culture affects their lives, including their feelings of using and not utilizing media.
To summarize, we all know by now, based on thousands of scientific studies and practical examples that the true cure for racism and bigotry is connection and communication as well as taking time to listen to, engage with, and understand those who are different even if the conversation does not result in agreement. In addition, no one can influence the minds of others by pushing or silencing them. The only thing we have control over is ourselves and how we react to things around us. We need to work together more than ever to battle larger issues like climate change, pollution, and equality rather than squabbling online about who offended who like tantrum-throwing babies.
Cancel culture has exploded on social media platforms over the last several years, according to Urban Dictionary it is “A desire to cancel out a person or community from their social media platforms”. It is prevalent among the masses and is often used on those whose opinions are in the minority, and those whose actions have not been given proper justice so they make their own civil justice. Cancel culture can have massive effects on people and social movements but are they beneficial to said persons or movements in society or does it just create a target for anger and frustration at said people and groups.
Get original essayCancel Culture was first described in the 1991 film New Jack City, the line in which the question was spoken by main character Nino Brown. His girlfriend breaks down due to his gang activities and He breaks up with her “Cancel that B**** I’ll buy another one” written by Barry Mitchelle Cooper. Unlike the modern use of cancel culture this tends to be more of a misogynistic use of power. Nino being an influential gang member could use his influence to spread lies about her tarnishing her reputation among the community. Moving into the 21st century we have notable cases involving Justine Sacco, and Lidnsey stone both relatively small women were trying to make comedic remarks on an issue but it resulted in a viral sensation but all in the wrong ways. Justine Sacco was a 30 yr old senior director of corporate communications at the IAC however on December 20th she tweeted “Going to Africa hope I don’t get AIDS. Just kidding I’m white” as a joke on white a stereotypical white man or woman might think or say. At the time she had 170 twitter followers and was boarding an 11 hour flight to South Africa. While she was on the plane her tweet went viral to the 1 trending hashtag on twitter. The immediate effect on this was that many people were very upset at her white privilege and ignorance. She was called out by people from all walks of life saying that she was all kinds of things from a racist to a physcopath. It also turned into a source of entertainment for twitter users desperately awaiting for Sacco’s plane to land with #HasJustineLandedYet. It went as far as someone going to the airport just to take pictures of her to say that she had landed. After she became aware of her situation her friend Hannah deleted her twitter account but it was all too late she was immortalized on the internet. Justine Sacco lost her job along with all her credibility, and her reputation was destroyed. Another example is Lindsey Stone, she was a 31 year old who was helping caring for autistic children when a photograph taken weeks earlier of her mouthing yells, and flipping the bird at a cemetery sign that said silence and respect went viral. It was originally posted along a thread where they broke similar rules such as smoking in front of a no smoking sign. At its original published date it wasn’t received well but they just decided to keep it up “Do you think we should take it down” said Jamue “No What's the big deal No one is going to think of it again”. While the trio were at a restaurant celebrating a birthday their phones began to vibrate vigorously and to all their surprise it was about the post in the cemetery. Their were a lot more negative comments ranging from people wanting her to be fired from her job, and that she should be sent tojail along with death and rape threats. This sudden outburst of hateful remarks against stone led to her barely leaving her home in Massachusetts along with suffering from depression, PTSD, and Insomnia. In retrospect did Justine and Lidnsey deserve what they received for their attempts at comedy? Both these women were relative nobodies before becoming viral. We as viewers didn’t know the context so should we immediately jump to conclusions and make rash decisions? Or should’ve we allowed them to explain themselves before we as individuals respond? Were the actions we took as citizens in order to achieve some sort of justice necessary or did we go too far? Judging by the threats and other language used Lidnsey and Justine did make bad judgement calls on how their joke should've been received but they did not deserve the amount of hate over the internet. When someone makes a mistake we should not hastily put them to shame.
In Modern times Cancel Culture has remained true to prior instances but has also inspired many movements to form that use Cancel Culture as a way to enact change such as the Black Lives Movement and the #Metoo Movement. The Black Lives Matter movement was started after the death of 17 year old Trayvon Martin at the hands of Geroge Zimmerman on Feb 26th 2012. In 2013 when George was acquitted of his crimes Patrisse Cullors started #BlackLivesMatter which gained major traction which led to her starting the BlackLivesMatter website. In the last year the deaths of George Floyd, Breyona Taylor, and injuries of Jacobe Blake in Minneapolis Minnesota, and Louisville Kentucky, and Kenosha Wisconsin at the hands of police officers have jump started protests across the globe against police brutality. Most abundantly in the U.S where both people were killed but there have been protests in the U.K, Nigeria, and as far South Korea in smaller scales. While there have been peaceful protests there also been some protests that have gone violent. These protests that have gone violent participated in looting, arson, assault, killings and the destruction of property. In the U.K protesters have torn down 17th century slave trader Edward Colston and threw it into the Avon river. U.S cities such as Kenosha Washington, and Brooklyn New York have had many of its local stories damaged, along with the destruction of police cruisers. Even through all of this protesting peacefully and violently we have seen ramifications such as Louiville getting rid of its no knock warrants. While also having the police officers in these situations acquitted by all charges or being bailed out by a bailing foundation that supports police officers such as Breyona's killer Bret hankison even though he has killed someone.
The #Metoo movement founded in 2006 by founder Tannah Burke who is a survivior of sexual assault and is an women’s rights activist. It started off as a website that allowed people to get resources to help them if they were also abused/assaulted. The Movement also sought to build a strong community that would allow these incidendences to be stopped before they had started. In 2017 the hashtag metoo went viral over the internet for six months. The effect of it going viral was that many people from all walks of life were using the speaking out against predators that previously had allowed it to remain without repercussion which allowed for some sort of justice to play out whether it was social justice or justice via our judicial system. Particularly men in power were called out for conducting nefarious conduct along with sexual assault alegations. Throughout 2017, 425 men in power were accused, juggernauts like Harvey Weinstin, Bill Cosby, and Nxivm cult leader Keith Raniere fell due to massive amounts of allegations against them. Bill Cosby was convicted of 3 counts of aggravated assault for drugging and sexually assaulting a woman in 2004 and began 3 consecutive 3-10 year sentences in 2018. Keith Raniere was charged with sex trafficking, forced labor, the possesion of child pornography, conspiracy, sexual eploitation of a child, and racketering and began his 120 year sentence in 2018. Harvey weinstein the most notable of them all had has been charged with two counts of sexual assault which led to him being sentenced to 23 years in prision on March 12th 2020. There are still 13 cases which have not been fully investigated but by the conviction of the first two the others will probably follow the same suit. With the influx of accusations against men their were also some allegations that were eventually deemed false by the court but with the conviction of Weinstein someone who has been sexually assaulting, and committing sexual conduct for over 30 years proves that this movement can and will provide social and Judicial justice to someone who supposedly can avoid justice by the means of wealth and class.
With the Internet there comes a disconnect between what is said and what is meant, and what is okay and what is to far. Each person has their own opinion on matters which is bound to cause conflict. This conflict most often ends with a cancellation of the peron who caused the controversy via a group of antithesis, or just the masses. Cancelling covers a large plethora of topics raging from white supremacy to religious ideas and those who disagree with LGTBQ+ rights . The thing that they all have in common is that some people believe something is a fact when it is an opinion. None of these claims are justified by scientists and they are all baseless claims from those who do not like the idea of being in the minority or that their opinion is the right opinion. Negligence is also a big player contributing to one being cancelled. Sometimes someone's cancelling is due to something they've done that went viral such as Justine Sacco, and Lidnsey Stone who’s messages context where lost with the millions of shares. Politics also have a role in cancel culture since most of these issues are somewhat have roots in politics. Celebrity Supporters of Donald Trump have faced mass criticism from more Democratic viewers along with Biden supporters getting criticism from Republicans viewers. Both political parties use Cancel Culture whether they say they don’t but certain figures do not agree with its use such as Former President Barrack Obama and President Donald Trump.
I do get a sense sometimes now among certain young people, and this is accelerated by social media, there is this sense sometimes of: The way of me making change is to be as judgmental as possible about other people, he said, and that’s enough.Like, if I tweet or hashtag about how you didn’t do something right or used the wrong verb,” he said, then I can sit back and feel pretty good about myself, cause, Man, you see how woke I was, I called you out.’Then he pretended to sit back and press the remote to turn on a television.That’s not activism. That’s not bringing about change, he said. If all you’re doing is casting stones, you’re probably not going to get that far. That’s easy to do.
Barrack Obama makes very valid points in his argument. The matter of the fact is that we are not perfect and all make mistakes. This calling out doesn’t necessarily mean anything more than that you said. Taking action is how change is made. He gained praise from Republicans and Democrats alike which just shows how effective his response was to the issue.
On July 4th 2020 Donald Trump made his remarks on cancel culture in his July 4th celebration at Mount Rushmore. “One of their political weapons is cancel culture, driving people from their jobs, shaming dissenters and and demanding total submission from anyone who disagrees. This is the very definition of totalitarianism, and it is completely alien to our culture and to our values, and it has absolutely no place in the United States of America”, Trump said. “In our schools, our newsrooms, even our corporate boardrooms, there is a new far-left fascism that demands absolute allegiance. If you do not speak its language, perform its rituals, recite its mantras and follow its commandments, then you will be censored, banished, blacklisted, persecuted and punished”. Unlike Former President Barrack Obama Donald Trump portrays cancel culture as a political weapon by the left. While Cancel Culture can be used as a political weapon it is not exclusive to the left. While Trump denies that the Republicans uses it they do just as much as the Democrats. While Trumps describes Cancel Culture as totalitarianism that is not true. While Cancel Culture can affect one’s ability to find a job if it is a high profile case it doesn’t drive forward the narrative of one way viewing of things it wants to in some cases create a discussion, while others want to voice their own opinion against yours. As for society leaning to a new far-left facism because of this culture is highly unlikely. Trump is taking the extremists principles and applying them to a culture that is not in the complete majority.
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Get custom essayCancelling also has a massive affect on one’s career. With Cancelling essentially being a boycott a person or group other opportunities might disappear because of this negative reception to what was said. Jobs that might have been previously available might not be off the table. The Rise of social media platforms such as twitter, instagram, and facebook brought people from all over the world together. With this much people interconnected through these sites one can speak and interact with people that they've never seen before. While this accessibility has allowed for a lot of good things to come out of it such as raising awareness about issues that previously wouldn't have had such a reach like the #Metoo movement or the Black Lives Matter Movement. It has also amplified the exact opposite such as hate speech by various supremacist groups, and misinformation.
“We no longer seek truth or both sides of a story. Whichever side is loudest, wins… regardless of its relationship to the truth”
Get original essayGood morning, my name is Savannah Tomlinson. Thank you for the opportunity to speak about the worldwide concern and devastation effects of cancel culture at the 2022 gold coast youth leaders’ summit. The purpose of cancel culture ends the influence people, brands, or media have due to wither their offensive or problematic actions and ideologies. Cancel culture is dangerous. The internet phenomenon is disguised as a way to hold people accountable for their actions, however, the new craze is routed in harassment and bulling. Popularising the phycological phenomenon of the mob mentality cancel culture has devastating outcomes. Although some may say cancel culture helps to fight racist, sexist, and bigoted behaviour on the internet, cancel culture creates and spreads misinformation daily. The internet can bring fame to anyone, but also take it away. This modern-day witch hunt is a threat to all, brands, communities, and individuals.
The mob mentality is a very prominent feature of cancel culture. The mob mentality is defined as “The phycological process describing how people can be influenced by their peers to adopt certain behaviours on a largely emotional, rather than rational, basis” (brtanica,2021). The internet has become the heart of the idea that everyone should house the same ideologies, beliefs, and opinions. Today the mob mentality has evolved into blindly believing others without any form for proof. Although people do need to be held accountable for past actions in order to learn and grow, cancel culture is made for situation where the persons actions are so immoral that they denied the opportunity to change. The growth of social media has led to a blurred line between celebrity and average person, as influencers are able to quickly gain a fanbase though platforms like Instagram and TikTok. However, it is just as easy to be cancelled as it is to become famous. In late 2019 James Charles a popular youtuber with over 20 million subscribers got into a scandal when fellow YouTube and friend Tati Westbrook accused him of sexual misconduct and inappropriate behaviour. With the popularity of both youtubers the videos views skyrocketed earning 48 million videos in under a month. In the span of 4 days James lost over 2 and a half million subscribers and received countless hate comments and death threats. Later the claims were proven to be false and although James followers started to rise to this day James has not yet again reached 20million subscribers. Millions of people believed the accusations with no proof and unsubscribed simply because everybody else was. The mob mentality is a phycological tactic visible in society dating back to B.C era. So when will we ever learn from our mistakes. In 1692 the people of Salem grouped together to accusing people around the village of witchcraft, the accusations coming about as the result of a combination of church politics, family feuds, and hysterical children. On the bases of no proof hundreds of people were accused of witchcraft and left with the choice to falsely confess and become a social outcast or deny and be hung. The Salem witch trials were built on lies, for the purpose of destroying lives, and so too is cancel culture, both promoted through mob mentality.
Just like the original witch trials cancel culture thrives on misinformation. The goal of cancel culture is to effectively end the career or revoke their cultural influence, whether through boycotts of their work or disciplinary action from an employer. While it’s amazing that people today care about the beliefs and attitudes of people they choose to support, when misinformation is spread it can have undeserved detrimental effects on people’s lives and wellbeing. Because sometimes the best way to get famous is to get cancelled. Actor Millie bobby brown was a victim of fake accusations of homophobia. In 2017 a twitter troll account posted a series of badly edited pictures of Millie with racist and homophobic captions. Although, all photos were quickly proved fake, the pictures became a running joke spreading across all social media platforms ending with the 14-year-old leaving social media all together due to the tremendous amount of hate. The spread of misinformation took a toll on the teens mental health talking in interviews about how the situation led the teen to suicidal thoughts. Even though the photos were proved false, they were still able to gain attention from millions of people. The account that made the false claims quickly gaining thousands of followers over the incident. A direct parallel to 1692. Abigale Williams, as an orphan and an unmarried girl; she is low on the Puritan social hierarchy. Through her cunning use of lies and deception Abigale was able to gain power and ultimately possess the ability to punish anyone she pleased. Abigale’s abuse of power though these fake accusations lead to the death of over 20 people in Salem including the man she claimed to love. Fake accusations and the spread of misinformation have the power to end lives.
Overall, cancel culture is the ultimate modern-day abuse of power. The internet gives people the ability to voice opinions they would never have the courage to say in person. Hiding behind a keyboard, their anonymity boosts their egos, completely voided of any accountability or consequences. Cancel culture spreads misinformation daily as a breeding ground for bulling and harassment. Social media enforces the mob mentality upon all users creating a sense of formality. The abuse of power seen in cancel culture is detrimental to society no matter how much some may say it fights hate against minorities. Cancel culture needs to end. Everyone deserves the right to grow and change. To learn for mistakes. To become a better person. This modern-day witch hunt must end because much like Salem, the internet never forgets.