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A masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci, The Mona Lisa, showcases blend of elements and principles of art, used to contribute to its timeless allure.The Mona Lisa painting is a Renaissance art era portrait painted with oil on a poplar wood panel. It was painted in a style called sfumato which is an Italian word for smoke. The Mona Lisa was painted by the famous artistic name Leonardo da Vinci. It is referred to as La Giocondo because it was believed that she was the wife of Francesco del Giocondo. The Mona Lisa was painted in Florence, Italy in the year (1503 - 1519). The Mona Lisa may be considered one of the most famous paintings in the world. The Mona Lisa is displayed in Paris, France in the Louver Museum. The Mona Lisa belongs to the public and “the painting cannot be purchase or sold according to the French heritage law” ('Mona Lisa”). The painting is relatively small. The painting’s originally size is 77 x 53 cm (30 x 20 ? in).

The Mona Lisa is one of the best art pieces in the world. It is one of the paintings that has been searched for by people around the world, at all costs. It was always recognized as a good piece of art but it wasn’t until 1911 that it gained fame worldwide. The painting was stolen from the Louver museum in France in 1911. It was missing for over two years. During the time that it was stolen, the painting gained most of its popularity. Some estimate that the painting is now worth around 850 million dollars, although it can not be bought or sold (“How Much is”). But what makes this piece of art such a masterpiece? This paper will analyze and evaluate aspects of this famous painting.

Elements and Principles of This Masterpiece

This paper covers two basic design principles and design elements. The design elements chosen are value and space. The two design principles chosen are balance and emphasis. The definition of value is the amount of darkness or lightness used in the painting. The Mona Lisa can be described by a tram called chiaroscuro, which mostly has darker colors, however, the background and face use lighter colors. It is interesting to notice that most of the dark colors are towards the bottom of the painting and the lighter colors, besides her hair, are towards the top of the painting. The use of darker colors also makes the face of the Mona Lisa seem to glow and stand out compared to the rest of the painting. Aerial perspective is also used because the foreground sticks out a lot more than the background. This perspective is demonstrated by making the background a little blurry so it appears much further than the woman.

This painting is symmetrically balanced. The weight of the woman is equal on both sides of the painting. She is in the middle of the painting, and also “there’s balance created as we are seeing equal amounts of the face on either side of the nose” (Boddy-Evans). It is also noticeable that there is a balance created as the space between her head and shoulders are equal. It is easy to notice that Leonardo Da Vinci wants all of the viewer's focus to be directly on the woman and does not include any other features in the painting to distract the viewer's attention. The woman is almost perfectly aligned to the middle of the painting. Even her hands are close to the middle. All of these features make the painting symmetrically balanced and the primary focus is on all aspects of the woman.

The Mona Lisa has been regarded as a great work of art. Leonardo Da Vinci was able to create a masterpiece. It is considered to be one of the most expansive works of art in the world. There are two main reasons that this painting is so successful. The first is that it was painted by a famous and great artist. Most of Leonardo da Vinci’s works are famous. The second reason that this painting is so famous is that it was stolen from the Louver Museum. The painting gained worldwide recognition during the period of 27 months that it was missing. Aside from the quality of the painting, other factors such as the time period and the colors used also don’t make it the most famous painting in the world. During the Renaissance period, a lot of pictures were painted with darker colors. However, some critics have a different opinion stating that the “Mona Lisa revolutionized contemporary portrait painting”. Even so, the painting does have some artistic qualities to it. It is a good example of the four design elements and principles that were mentioned above. The painting's main focal point and emphasis are on the woman, especially her face. The space in the painting can also be used to back up the main theme of the painting. It shows the woman’s body and everything around her. He painted it well enough that it doesn’t distract from the main focus of the painting.

Conclusion

The use of the symmetrical balance also makes the women the center of attention. If Da Vinci had chosen another way to make the woman the center of attention, it would have distracted the viewer from the other parts of the painting; and the use of value makes the painting stand out compared to others. Although it was a popular style during the Renaissance, by today's standards the use of darker colors makes the painting one of a kind. All in all, The Mona Lisa is an average painting that has gained worldwide recognition. It is painted well, however, if it wasn’t for the artist and for the recognition it gained while stolen, it probably would not be as famous as it is. The Mona Lisa has a strong history behind it and the curiosity of knowing who this woman actually made it a good piece of art.

Emmeline Pankhurst was born in 1858 in England. She grew up with an interest in politics and women's suffrage. She was heavily involved in strikes for working womens rights, such as the London Matchgirls strike in 1888. She started a political organization, the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) in 1903, which called for limited suffrage for women ( upper and middle class women). Starting in 1905 attempts to gain attention and publicity, the women resorted to violence, interrupting political meetings and holding rallies. When suffragettes went on hunger strikes to gain attention, many were force fed.

At demonstrations, they were beat down and sexually assaulted. Eventually, with dwindling support, the WSPU resorted to arson, and in 1913, a suffragette named Emily Davison ran out on the track during the Derby, a race that was attended by the highest members of society. She attempted to grab King George’s horse, and was killed. All these methods had mixed reactions.

Although it gained the attention of the public and the government, this attention was usually negative and used against the women and their arguments for suffrage. The reactions the public had towards suffragettes is what Emmeline Pankhurst was reacting to when she began speaking across the country, and in the United States, in an attempt to gain more support.

Content

This is a speech where Pankhurst is explaining the hypocrisy of men refusing to allow women to vote, while trying to explain why it is women want to vote. Audience In this speech Pankhurst is talking to a primarily American audience. This audience is important because of the slight cultural differences between the English and Americans that will change how they view women’s suffrage. Additionally, the audience won’t have the first hand observations of the suffragettes actions and views, only biased news sources. She is trying to provide them with an additional view in the struggle women are going through. Pankhurst gives these people some background to the way that men in her history have behaved in order to get their rights, by rioting and violence.

Moreover, the fact that she is talking to a partially male audience, whom she refers to as ‘gentlemen’, shapes the analogies she gives in trying to explain her behaviour. She compares her struggle with the struggle of men in other lands who are also fighting against oppressors, who they support, and questions why she isn’t given the same sympathy and support. Context America had a similar experience to men in relation to women's suffrage. Women in the US were considered citizens, but the right to vote wasn’t a tenant of citizenship.

However, working class women in the suffrage movement created relationships with unions and labour parties and by 1911 they achieved partial suffrage in 29 states. However, American suffragettes didn’t resort to the same level of violence as British suffragettes did. This would have made the actions of British suffragettes harder for American men to understand, as they saw American women working toward the votes without using these violent means. 2Significance This text shows us the reasons suffragettes resorted to violence in an attempt to get the vote. This can help us understand (even if we don’t support it) why modern activist groups also use violence for their causes. What is also good about this document is that it helps us understand the view of men at that time, and why they may have not supported women’s suffrage, an important feature in a primary source.

Limitations

This source doesn’t recognize or reference any similar movement towards women’s suffrage in other countries. There were similar events going on in similar countries, such as America. Why doesn’t she respond to the different ways these different women are trying to obtain suffrage? It could be a way to keep the focus on only British women, however, I find it strange that Pankhurst doesn’t use similar movements to help her audience understand her struggles and goals.

Table of contents

1. Selfridges & Co
British Heart FoundationComparing Selfridges and British heart foundation

The two business’s I have chosen to use in my assignment are Selfridges as the profitable business and British Heart Foundation as the non-profit organisation, out of all the companies I could have chosen I have picked these two because I fell that there interesting and detailed. Selfridges are a huge high end retail chain with very good quality products and great customer service, they also have a very good and detailed history. Whereas, the British heart foundation was founded in 1961 by a group of medical professionals, they started up the charity because they were concerned about the increasing death rate from cardiovascular diseases. They wanted to fund extra research into the causes, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of heart and circulatory diseases.

Selfridges & Co

In 1908, Selfridges was founded by Harry Gordon Selfridges. Over the last 100 years Selfridges has really taken off as a business from only having one store in oxford street, London to now having three very successful stores around the UK one in Leicester, Manchester and the original London store. Selfridges has many partners who are involved within the business with them being involved it means they share the management of the business and will share the profits between the individuals. However, most businesses will have limited liabilities, this means that each partner is not responsible or liable for another misconduct that has happened in the company. Selfridges has limited liability which means that it cannot exceed the amount which is invested in a partnership. Shareholders can participate in the growth of a company, his or her liability is restricted to the amount of the investment in the company, even if it subsequently goes bankrupt and has remaining debt obligations. Because Selfridges was set up so long ago in 1908, it was not very expensive to set up, also in 1908 there wasn’t much competition in the designer clothing market so he didn’t need to worry about other companies. The only thing Harry needed to worry about was the risk that he was preparing to take, if he wanted to make a profit. When the business was starting to take off the partners of the business were a huge help because he would have had to talk to them all to make big decisions.

Another advantage of being part of the partnership is that Selfridges will have a much larger source of capital within the business. This means that the partnerships will be able to invest in more ideas towards the company. Also, when you have a lot of different partners they will all have different and varied ideas to put forward and try and make the business better as a whole. In a company the partners are normally skilled and are in the field of work, this is because if something goes not as planned a specialist is there to help.

However, partnerships also have disadvantages, for example a big disadvantage can be that the business partners can have arguments and disagreements when they put their own ideas forward. This could be bad for Selfridges because it could lead to the partners pulling out because they might feel that there points aren’t being heard. With partners pulling out it means that the company will have less capital in the business this could result In Selfridges not going forward projects because they don’t have the backing and money to support the project.

Another disadvantage with a partnership is that you have to pay tax to the government. This leads to in the long term Selfridges will be not making as much profit because they will have to be paying a larger amount to the government.

British Heart Foundation

The second business I have chosen to compare is British heart Foundation. This is a non-profitable charity organisation, The Charity’s main office is located in London. The charity has helped a lot of people suffering with heart problems like heart attack etc. You can check there most successful stories on their website. British heart foundation has over 500 stores across the whole of the UK, this means that it’s one of the most popular charities from when it started back in 1961. The British heat foundation fund over £100 million a year of research into heart and circulatory diseases. British heart foundation are trying to get the number of 190 people dying of heart attacks a day down to 0, as you can see heart attacks are a missive problem and with the donations they get there trying to research into how to stop them. As British heart foundation are a charity this means that you can’t buy shares in it. However, British heart foundation has a lot of stakeholders for example people who donate to the charity, people who take an interest in the company and the government.

Stakeholders play a massive role in a charities development and sustainability by helping with fulfilling the objectives and goals. Having the ability to create a public- facing or access only extranet areas ensures that information is shared with relevant stakeholders and very strong relationships can be built between the charity and the stakeholders. Being a charity can have lots of advantages, for example a charity pays no more than 20% of normal business rates on the buildings which they use and occupy to further their charitable purposes. This is helpful in the long run because as they are a non-profitable company it would cost them too much to pay normal business rates. Also, another advantage of being a charity is that charities don’t have to pay the same amount of VAT as other companies. A charity can get special VAT treatment in certain circumstances. Many think that charities get let off with VAT but this isn’t the case. However being a charity also has disadvantages, forming a charity is not easy work. A huge amount of effort is required that an attorney is required to be involved. This leads to the charity pay huge expenses for an attorney that can’t promise anything, the average attorney would cost you about £4, 000.

Comparing Selfridges and British heart foundation

Overall, now I’ve compared both companies you can clearly see that they are contrasting. Selfridges is one of the world’s largest designer outlet stores across the world. There always trying to go ahead with new projects and expand the business Selfridges are always making sure they offer the best quality customer service they possibly can. Because Selfridges are a private limited company them and their partners are the driving force behind the company and will keep driving until there the biggest company they can possibly be, this means that in the long run they will still maintain their reputation and maximise their profits. Whereas, British Heart foundation are a non-profitable charity that tries to raise donations to help them better the research into heart cancer and to try to find a solution to cure it, this means that British heart foundation are focusing on the quality of their research, whereas Selfridges are focusing on the quality of their goods.

Also, British heart Foundation rely heavily on their stakeholders (people who have an interest in the business), For the British heart foundation to be successful in their research they need as much backing as they can from their stakeholders. When comparing Selfridges and British heart foundation you need to look at what both of their ownerships are and what procedures they must go through to allow their businesses to be successful and have rapid growth on the market. As the business was set up in 1908, by Harry Gordon Selfridge, Harry would have had some purposes of what they want to achieve within the business to make sure that they were successful as a whole partnership they done this because they want to make sure all the staff and partners that were associated with Selfridges met the demands of the customers to make sure they were happy with the service that Selfridges are providing. There main purpose of the business is to sell good quality products to individuals.

A very big purpose for Selfridges is that they want to keep their clients expectations high, this meaning that the business gives their clients certainty on the quality of the goods other than unpleasant surprises. Selfridges also try to be as straight up with their customers as they can be. This leads to the business maintaing their good reputation because of how well the quality of the product is. Making sure that they are getting positive feedback from customers by making sure they the staff are helpful and polite and that they don’t overcharge the customer, this leads to the customers coming back in the future and will end up spending more money which means more capital.

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Another purpose for Selfridges is to make sure that the business goes worldwide. This would lead to the company bring in more money because more of their goods would be brought. This is also a good thing because people who based around the world don’t have the opportunity to shop at Selfridges.

Introduction: Frankenstein consists of various literary devices and describes different qualities and social perspectives. The tale intensely rotates around various individual aspects in Mary Shelley's life. Perusing the novel through a women's activist lense, it's intriguing to break down how this perspective identifies with Mary Shelley's life and likewise influences and relates to the characters in the novel.

Background: Frankenstein was influenced by a variety of texts. Both of her parents were writers, which means that literature was heavily involved in her childhood and daily life. Although her mother died when she was 10 days old, as stated in Was Mary Shelley a Feminist, “Her mother was none other than Mary Wollstonecraft, a pioneer of feminist thought at a time when women were considered, at best, property.” This could have been the base of Mary Shelley’s feminism, and most-likely led to the development of Mary Shelley’s own views. Thesis statement: However, it’s interesting to see how downplayed the female characters are in Frankenstein. The female roles are very insignificant for the most part in the novel. This being said, it’s very contradictory that Mary Shelley was born into a feminist family, yet doesn’t really demonstrate that in Frankenstein.

By reading the novel through a feminist lens, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is a predominantly male situated literary piece that incorporates subordinate female characters that shape the novel leading into feminism. These characters extend from the mild-mannered love enthusiasm of Victor, Elizabeth, to the solid willed Safie, to the unjustifiable death Justine, to the close making of the Monster's female companion. Through her male portrayal, Shelley delineates how these ladies are thought of and treated by the male characters, even purposely placing them in circumstances that inconspicuously outline her own conclusion relating to women's activist belief systems. Topic sentence: Elizabeth is an example of a literary device making her into a metaphor. Throughout the novel, there are many instances where Frankenstein compares her to animals by stating, “she was docile and good tempered, yet gay and playful as a summer’s insect...I loved to tend on her, as I should on a favourite animal…”. Commentary: This shows evidence that Elizabeth’s character shows a perspective that all women during that era represent the way they are treated and viewed by men and the rest of society therefore their characters vital role as females is to be docile, submissive, and obedient.

Topic sentence: To add on, Justine Moritz lives with the Frankenstein family as their servant after her mother passed away. She is a victim in a patriarchal world, dominated by men. Evidence & citing: After William is murdered, the creature puts an image of Caroline, William’s mother, that William was carrying in Justine’s pocket and she is blame of murder. She later confesses wrongly to the crime out of dread and fear of going to Hell. Commentary: Victor did not believe that she had murdered William saying, “Justine Moritz! Poor, poor girl, is she the accused? But it is wrongfully; everyone knows that; no one believes it surely, Ernest?”.

Even after this she is still guilty of the murder and is executed. This reveals that Justine is a victim because even though she did not actually murder William, she was found guilty. The murderer was actually a male, the creature, yet Justine was punished. Topic sentence: She is wrongfully executed for an action of a man. Evidence & citing: Justine is an innocent girl; she would rather face the consequences of a murder conviction than be excommunicated by the church. Justine, a pure innocent soul, has no one defend her in trial. Commentary: Yet, when Victor, a man accused of killing Henry Clerval, has many people to defend him, a much more corrupt soul. For this reason Justine is put to death, therefore she is also a victim of a male dominate world.

Works Cited

1. Fredette, Meagan. “Was Mary Shelley A Feminist? A New Film About The Writer Says Yes.” Was Mary Shelley A Feminist? A New Film Says Yes, 15 Apr. 2018, www.refinery29.com/en-us/2018/04/196451/mary-shelley-feminist.
2. O'Shea, Ayla. “The Fear of Femaleness: How ‘Frankenstein’ Acts as a Feminist Platform.” Medium, Medium, 6 Nov. 2016, medium.com/@aylaoshea/the-fear-of-femaleness-how-frankenstein-acts-as-a-feminist-platform-bfd3dfdf5b02.

Introduction

Should follow an “upside down” triangle format, meaning, the writer should start off broad and introduce the text and author or topic being discussed, and then get more specific to the thesis statement.

Background

Provides a foundational overview, outlining the historical context and introducing keyinformation that will be further explored in the essay, setting the stage for the argument to follow.

Thesis statement

Cornerstone of the essay, presenting the central argument that will be elaborated upon and supported with evidence and analysis throughout the rest of the paper.

Topic sentence

The topic sentence serves as the main point or focus of a paragraph in an essay, summarizing the key idea that will be discussed in that paragraph.

Evidence & citing

The body of each paragraph builds an argument in support of the topic sentence, citing information from sources as evidence.

Commentary

After each piece of evidence is provided, the author should explain HOW and WHY the evidence supports the claim.

Bend It Like Beckham analysis (essay)

Bend It Like Beckham is a film that has garnered significant attention since its release in 2002, and for good reason. The movie was a major success in the UK, earning over $76.5 million, despite having a budget of only $6 million. It tells the story of a young Sikh girl named Jess who is passionate about football, but struggles to pursue her dreams due to her traditional parents' disapproval. Through the exploration of themes related to gender and the British-Punjabi experience, the film provides ample opportunity for analysis. A Bend It Like Beckham analysis essay could examine how director Gurinder Chadha effectively utilizes film techniques, including camera shots, costumes, and lighting, to convey the many obstacles and challenges Jess faces throughout the film.

The use of lighting in the film helps to illustrate the many difficulties Jess encounters. Jess’s struggle to overcome many of these obstacles is evident in the scene where she is sitting motionless on the floor in her bedroom, staring up and talking to the big poster of superstar soccer player David Beckham. Jess’s obsession with David Beckham is clearly shown in how her bedroom is set out with the walls covered in countless pictures of him as well as his football jersey. The use of lighting in this scene highlights Jess’s miserable life. The light is shining brightly on the wall covered in pictures of David Beckham, whilst Jess is sitting in the darkness. This scene also makes Jess look small against the big football star making it obvious to the audience that she looks up to him during difficult times.

The director uses camera shots strategically to effectively portray the clash between the worlds of football and Jess’s Indian heritage. This is evident in the scene where Jess is practicing her skills using a cabbage, whilst her mother is cooking chapattis and getting irritated at her for not being able to cook a full traditional Indian dinner. Instead of paying any attention as to how to cook a traditional meal, she uses the cabbage as a soccer ball to practice her soccer skills. Through Jess’s body language the audience gets the feeling of how Jess is struggling to balance her family’s Indian culture and the world of English Soccer. The camera shot of Mrs Bhamra looking back at her daughter also gives the audience an idea of how Mrs Bhamra is aware of the many changes Jess has made growing into becoming a young adult with a passion for football.

The director has used costumes and camera shots effectively to illustrate some of the many challenges Jess is faced with. The collision between the two cultures is evident in the scene where her soccer mates quickly redress her into the traditional Sari dress in the change rooms before rushing back to her sister’s wedding. The use of costume in this particular scene highlights the clash between the two cultures. Jess is dressed in a traditional Sari, whilst her teammates are wearing the club’s soccer uniform which is western style modern looking. The mid camera shot capturing Jess’s nervous facial expression, whilst her teammates are surrounding her illustrates how she is feeling about her parents finding out she participated in the grand final during her sister’s wedding.

Being born into a family with a strong sense of culture has a major impact on the choices people make in life. Although Jesminder encountered many difficulties with her over controlling parents and strict culture, she persisted by taking many risks in an attempt to achieve her goal of pursuing a professional career in football, as she knew this was something, she felt very passionate about, and would enjoy making a living out of. Through Jess’s motivating story to success, one can all learn that in life, nothing is impossible if setting your mind to it, and that goals can only be achieved if one is willing to take risks.

Table of contents

1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. An Evolving Indian Fintech Ecosystem
4. “Enablers” for Conducive Fintech Ecosystem
Untapped Indian MarketIndia’s Human CapitalGrowth Capital & InvestmentDigital InfrastructureGovernment and Regulatory body
5. Opportunities
6. Challenges
7. Discussion and Observation

Abstract

Post 2008 global recession, financial institutions around the world has gone through enormous change by including financial technology in their products and service offering. World has seen an upsurge in technology startups and new businesses working on new platform called financial technology (Fintech) for catering financial institutions’ demand. According to NASSCOM, India’s Fintech business is projected to reach USD 2.4 billion by year 2020. In Indian startup ecosystem too, this is one of the field in which Indian startups are performing well and every year new Fintech startups are continuously springing up in startup ecosystem. Government policy frame work is not only giving push to this vibrant ecosystem but also creating a propagative environment of opportunities. The objective of this paper is to study enablers of Indian Fintech ecosystem which is creating conducive environment for growth of Fintech companies. Also it aims to study opportunities which are lying ahead to tap and to study challenges which can pose hindrance for Fintech sector.

Introduction

Financial institutions around the world has gone through enormous changes in their business processes by including financial technology in their products and service offering. This change could be attributed to 2008 global financial crisis. It could be said that global financial crisis of 2008 had jeopardized the whole banking system leading to crumbling of customer faith in banking sector. This crisis has made banking sector to think to come up with new financial innovative solutions to cater customer problem and also to make a platform that could well be efficient and effective enough to alarm the world of coming crisis and also that could cater demands of global customer. Today’s fintech era has evolved through three phases and this emergence has answered both the problems of risk diversification, competition and catalyzed the opportunities too. Arner, D. W.et al (2015, 2016) in their article stated that 2008 global financial crisis has given birth to “Fintech 3.0” and “Fintech 3.5” series in developed countries and developing countries respectively. Since then technology development companies has started focusing on banking and financial sector as their prospects as this change was fuelled by consumer and political fraternity’s expectations and demand. Developing countries are still struggling with inefficiencies of financial system and development needs so this has led to emergence of “Fintech 3.5” series in developing countries. That is why whole world has seen an upsurge in technology startups and new businesses working on new platform called financial technology (Fintech) for catering financial institution’s demand. According to BASEL (2017), “Fintech is technologically enabling financial innovation that could result in new business models, applications, processes, or products with an associated material effect on financial markets and institutions and the provision of financial services.” According to NASSCOM, India’s Fintech business is projected to reach USD 2.4 billion by year 2020. In Indian startup ecosystem too, this is one of the field in which Indian startups are performing well and every year new Fintech startups are continuously springing up in startup ecosystem. Government policy frame work is giving not only push to this vibrant ecosystem but also creating a propagative environment of opportunities.

The objective of this paper is to study enablers of Indian Fintech ecosystem which is creating conducive environment for growth of Fintech startups. Also it aims to study opportunities which are lying ahead to tap and to study challenges which can pose hindrance for Fintech sector.

As fin tech sector in India is still in nascent stage. Due to unavailability of data, compilation of secondary data is being done from various research papers, reports and publications by various authors, research agencies, data aggregator websites, companies and government bodies.

In last decade lot of definitions regarding financial technology has emerged and all the definitions somewhere emphasizes on important components of Fintech world but still in the evolution of definitions there seems to be a lack of unanimity on boundaries of fin tech sector. Financial technology (Fintech) is technology embedded in financial products and services aims to assist companies in organizing financial strands of their business. According to a Comprehensive Analysis of India’s Fintech Landscape report by YES bank report on fintech (2017-18), “Fin techs Are high growth organizations combining innovative business models and emerging technologies to enable, enhance and disrupt financial services.”

Philippon, T. (2018) states that new startups are continuously emerging in fintech sector as financial services are still very costly. Current regulatory approach have not made any major structural change but fin tech is capable to bring these changes and it also can create important regulatory challenges. IOSCO Research Report on Financial Technologies (2017) has pointed towards some key components which are aiding development of this sector namely consumer data abundance, decreased goods and service cost, increased computing power, disintermediation and re-intermediation and major consumer demographic changes. Truong, O. (2016) finds out in research that Technology has enabled financial products to be innovative along with this it has increased the “flexibility and usability of the financial services.” Also it has become mandatory for businesses to continuously innovate so that healthy competition can be maintained between organizations. Fintech providers are creating financial inclusion revolution in developing as well as developed economies. Along with financial inclusion, fin tech give various valuable facility to moderate income individuals that will cost them more when sourced from conventional banking channel. Varga, D. (2017) states that fin tech sector has made an impact on those who are not in reach of banks and it has provided flexible and easy solutions to these areas.

An Evolving Indian Fintech Ecosystem

Reserve bank of India Report of the Working Group on fin Tech and Digital Banking (2017) defines fin tech as “Fin tech is technologically enabled financial innovation that could result in new business models, applications, processes, or products with an associated material effect on financial markets and institutions and the provision of financial services.” According to Ernst and young (2017), India with 52% digitally active population is at second position after china in Fin Tech adoption rate. This means there lies lot of opportunities because half of population still is not in reach of fin tech services. Till now Mumbai is the only state who have made fin tech policy for startups and giving support to fin tech accelerators and incubators. Startups are being provided financial support of Rs10 lakh for three years in meeting out startups expenses. This will enable startups to come up with better product and services. According to NASSCOM & KPMG (2016), Indian fin tech sector is projected to grow 1.7 times and could reach USD 2.4 billion by 2020. KPMG (2018) points out that fin tech technologies are accelerating change prominently in three sectors that is artificial intelligence, open banking and block chain business.

In order to strengthen open banking Regulator of fin tech sector has taken three major steps. Firstly, by bringing Bharat Bill Payments System (BBPS) to facilitate security and easy and speed bill payment. Secondly, National Payments Corporation of India brought unified payments interface (UPI) and Aadhaar supported services. Thirdly, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has tasked Non- Banking Financial Company to make Non- Banking Financial Company - Account Aggregator (NBFC-AA) in India to share customer information with their consent to other financial entities. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has worked on Public Credit Registry (PCR) so that credit information of any individual and corporate can be accessed anytime. According to IBEF (2018), Securities exchange board of India (SEBI) is working on “regulatory sandbox” framework so that fin tech innovations in product and services can penetrate securities market in India. NASSCOM Artificial Intelligence Primer (2018) mentions, around 400 Artificial Intelligence startups have been working in India and fetched funding of worth 150 million dollar in last five years. Also block chain application is playing indisputable role in various banking services. NASSCOM (2016) “Indian fintech products-innovation driving growth” report states that 400 Indian startups emerged in year 2016 in fintech sector. The sector posted 282 percent growth between 2013 and 2014.

“Enablers” for Conducive Fintech Ecosystem

Though there are number of factors responsible for rise in fintech sector. But can say Indian market untapped need and abundant amount of efficient human capital are acting as enablers for conducive fintech ecosystem. Along with this, funding and financial structure created by government and regulatory bodies are acting as foundation of the fintech ecosystem.

Untapped Indian Market

In India, still today a major section of population is out of reach of banking and financial institutions and their products and services. RBI in a “Report of the working group in fintech and digital banking” (2018) stated that nearly 40 percent of Indian population have no connection to banks and nearly 87 percent of transactions are done in cash mode. This gives fin tech startups great landscape to capture untapped market.

India’s Human Capital

According to UNCTAD (2018) India has largest pool of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) graduates. Back in 2012, out of five million STEM students passed globally, 29.2 percent belongs to India. India is well ahead of other countries in terms of human capital. This human capital acts as foundation stone for whole the Indian startup ecosystem.

Growth Capital & Investment

Past decade investment in Indian fintech startups has drastically increased. According to data aggregator your story research (2018), Indian fintech and financial sector got total funding of approximately 2 billion dollar as on 30 November 2018. Sector has fetched 132 deals in 2018 in comparison to 103 deals in 2017. Also, Top ten startups managed to raise 60 percent of total funding to fintech and financial sector.

Digital Infrastructure

Recent years, India has focused on making a framework for fintech startups by including “stack” in its financial infrastructure. In this stack, JAM has made a paradigm shift by including e-sign and digital locker in it. JAM is providing infrastructure to fintech companies to make business model and processes using it. Also, Immediate Payment Service, Bharat Bill Pay, Aadhaar Enabled Payment System, India Quick Response, Unified Payment Interface and National Automated Clearing House has created a payment system which has eased the operability of this stack in fintech ecosystem.

Government and Regulatory body

Indian Government has made lot of initiatives to create an enabling environment and creating linking pins of fin tech sector framework. For fin tech sector to thrive, government support is needed so that major section of unbanked population can come in direct reach of banking practices. Government has started an awareness movement called “Financial inclusion” for public to open bank accounts so that more and more people can come in ambit of financial services. This is being done to track the inflow and outflow of money and to transfer subsidies to needed population directly to their accounts. According to National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) and UIDAI, by March 2018 banks were successful enough to link Aadhaar identity with 878 million bank accounts. Around 312 million Transactions of worth 542 billion rupees were being done through Unified Payments Interface in August 2018. For government, Reserve bank of India (regulatory body of fin tech sector) support is of utmost importance as RBI has worked aggressively in formulation of framework for policies implementation. RBI has introduced “Unified Payment Interface” to evolve India as digital and “cash-less” culture. RBI has taken some more steps. It has allowed entities and NBFCs registered under the Companies Act to become player in P2P lending platform. This P2P lending platform will solve the funding problem of startups.

Opportunities

Fintech sector can make happen financial inclusion of large number of individuals by giving them basic financial services and it can avail financial service to sectors who still are not in reach through mobile phones as fifty percent population in emerging economies now have mobile phone. According to Global Findex Database by the World Bank 2017, Around 19 crore Indian adults which is 11 percent of total global population having no bank accounts belong to India. This population segment is both an opportunity and challenge for fintech sector. Also, According to NITI ayog (2018), digital payment has increased many folds in India. It is estimated that digital and mobile payment business would reach up to 1 trillion dollar and 190 billion dollar respectively by year 2023. An estimated 15 billion machine-to-machine and consumer electronic devices could be added directly in formal financial system. There lies opportunity in cyber insurance also as in 2016 alone cyber insurance sector addressed a growth of 35 percent in India because of the reason that now companies are trying to save their business from responsibilities arising due to cybersecurity regulations. Pointing on lack of rigid and efficient regulatory frame work worldwide. Arner, D. W.et al (2016) states that “Fin-Tech requires Reg-Tech” and for that efficient and effective data driven model of regulatory sandboxes need to be created. According to Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Sound Practices (2018), Introduction of Reg-tech at global level could increase “cross-sectoral and cross-jurisdictional cooperation” between countries. It could solve risk management and compliance problem arising out due to different process and laws of countries.

Challenges

Ramasastri A. S. (2017) put his view that there are various challenges lying ahead of Indian fin tech ecosystem as fintech products and services are risky in processing. Data security, marketing cost, “Interoperability and integration challenge” of product and cultural difference along with lack of agreement in regulations are creating hurdles for startups. Deloitte (2017) states that Indian regulatory bodies of fintech sector are still adopting “consultative approach” and adequate regulations are still in nascent stage specifically in public funds area that is P2P lending and crowd funding. According to NITI ayog (2018) report on digital payment, “cyber-attacks and data breaches” are major threat for startups and companies in fintech industry as these not only harm personal and commercial information but also severely hampers GDP of targeted country. Mc Kinsey global institute (2016), India still don’t have efficient telecom infrastructure as slow internet speed and rural people’s questionable computer literacy is still a hurdle. Around 90 percent population has been using 2G mobile data and 3G mobile data has been struggling with “poor quality, overload at peak time and signal drop”. Also, Regulatory bodies of fintech sector around the world lacks uniform cybersecurity regulations. This is a major challenge which need to be addressed so that uniform fines and liabilities for data breach can be imposed on cyber attackers.

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Discussion and Observation

This paper tries to understand how fin-tech ecosystem is evolving in India. There is no doubt that in recent years government has left no stone unturned to make India go cashless. So many incentives and schemes are being provided to business people and companies so that more and more transactions could be done in cashless mode. India, too has become attractive destination for investors interested in pooling money in fintech industry. Thrust on cashless culture and demonetization has move Indian business entities towards digital era and this act as catalyst for fin-tech sector. But as various report states still a large segment of Indian are not in direct reach of financial institutions so, this is both an opportunity and challenge. Along with this, a bright segment of engineers and technocrats mind is fuelling the growth of fintech sector. This can be concluded India can well surpass the best ecosystems of world if proper regulatory measures are implemented.

Japan is an island country located in the east of Asia with a population of 126.8 million people and is the 8th most populated nation in the world. In 2018, the Global Food Security Index ranked Japan as the 18th most food secure country out of 113 others, and the 4th most food secure in all of Asia and the Pacific. Japan is a temperate deciduous forest biome and gets 30-60 inches of precipitation a year. Because of the wet and humid conditions, Japan can grow lots of rice, making it a main part of their diet and their staple food. The total area of Japan is 377,835 sq km, and with only 12% of Japan’s land is suitable for farming, the country can’t produce enough food to feed the population, therefore they rely mostly on importing food from other countries. According to The Japan Times, Japan’s self sufficiency rate of producing food was at 73% in 1965, however in 2019 is at only 39%. Because Japan has the 2nd most developed economy in the world, it can afford to import majority of its food from other countries as people’s lifestyles and dietary habits have changed. There is more demand for western foods than traditional foods like fish and rice.

Data was collected from The Global Security Index which presented a graph and information about the food security in Japan. This resource was chosen as it was created by The Economist which is a very reliable source and had information on where Japan ranked for different aspects of food security out of 113 other countries. The World Bank’s data also provided a graph showing the percentage of arable land Japan has, this resource has data on all other countries as well. I chose this source as it is a reliable organisation that aims to end poverty in all countries.

There are many factors that influence the food security of Japan. One natural factor is the amount of natural disasters Japan faces. Because Japan is located along the ‘The Ring of Fire’, it is prone to earthquakes which can be a trigger for tsunamis, landslides and volcanic activity. Although some freshwater flooding can be helpful to the growth of rice, flooding caused by seawater tsunamis contain too high of a salt content for plants to grow in, and therefore kill the rice crops and affecting the amount of food produced. Flooding also destroys crops as it carries pollution and littering into the fields where harmful chemicals get absorbed by the soil and can grow into the plant, landslides can also destroy the crops by bringing mud, covering the crops and soil, degrading the land so it is not used for plant growth. Earthquakes, flooding and landslides are the 2nd, 3rd and 4th most common natural disasters in japan after storms. Majority of Japan’s agricultural land is forests where there is not much pasture or land suitable for producing food. The 2nd most common type of agriculture in Japan, is found in mostly the south where rice, some wheat and double crops are grown, rice is grown well in this area as it gets 60 to above 80 inches of precipitation per year, the most out of the whole country.The least common type of agriculture is the growth of wheat, barley and oats, which is found in the north of Japan which receives the least amount of precipitation, only getting less than 40-60 inches to rain per year. In total Japan gets 1,530 millimetres of precipitation per year and the annual average humidity is 64%, with the high humidity and rainfall, rice growth flourishes and because Japan can produce a large amount of it, rice is therefore a common part of the population’s every day meal.

There are also many human factors which influence the food security of Japan. One is that, since 1961-2011 what the population consumes has changed with more demand for western foods than traditional Japanese foods. The amount of sugar and fats the country consumes grows by 12%, starting at 15% in 1961, then grows to 27% in 2011. As the number of sugars consumed is gaining, the amount of grain consumed by Japan decreases by 21%, it starts at 60%, being more than half of their diet in 1961, then decreases to 39% in 2011. This tells us that over time, the amount the amount of sugar consumed has increased as the number of grains and rice, their staple food, decreases. Because the demand for sugar and western foods have gone up by so much, Japan is forced to import 61% of what the population eats as it is unable to produce westerns foods. Fast foods are also in higher demand in Japan taking places in the streets which would previously be filled with traditional Japanese foods. Another human factor that is influencing the food security of Japan is that the population is rapidly decreasing. In 2018, Japan had a population decline of over 444,000 people. Although this population decrease is bad for the social and economy of Japan, it helps Japan become more food secure as there are less people to feed. From 1995 to 2015, all but 8 states in Japan had a population decline showing an overall decrease in Japan’s population.

Japan is currently ranked as the 18th most food secure country according to the Global Security Index and so already is quite food secure. Japan could improve on the food security by implementing salt-tolerant rice, according to Futurism, agricultural scientist Yuan Longping in China, has recently developed a new high-yield strain of rice that can grow in saltwater. By implementing this in Japan it can help the growth of rice so that it can withstand natural disasters like tsunamis and means it can grow in areas affected by saltwater. Because Japan has good conditions for rice growth, the overproduction of rice can be an issue for Japan as the demand for traditional foods has declined, this led the Japanese government in 1987 to introduce a policy which decreases the amount of rice produced. With this land previously used for rice farming, Japanese farmers could grow vegetable crops which are in higher demand, this could reduce the amount of food imported to the country therefore reducing the money spent on trade. Individuals of Japan should try to reduce their impact on climate change, this is affecting their food security as climate change can lead to extreme weathers, such as droughts, which can damage the crops and inhibit plant growth.

Bibliography

1. Contemporary Japan n.d., Basic points about Japan's economy and trading patterns, viewed 10 August 2019, .
2. Crops in Japan 2019, viewed 25 August 2019, .
3. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States 2019, Earthquakes, viewed 24 August 2019, .
4. Futurism 2017, China Is Developing Rice That Grows in Saltwater, viewed 28 August 2019, .
5. Japan's Food Security Issues: A Geopolitical Challenge for Africa and East Asia?2014, viewed 24 August 2019, .
6. National Geographic n.d., What the World Eats, viewed 8 August 2019, .
7. The Economist 2018, Global Food Security Index, viewed 10 August 2019, .
8. The Japan Agricultural News 2018, Japan’s food self-sufficiency rate remains flat at 38% in 2017, viewed 8 August 2019, .
9. The Japan Times 2008, Japan needs imports to keep itself fed, viewed 27 August 2019, .
10. The World Bank 2019, Arable Land (% of land area), viewed 17 August 2019, .
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Food Services measure the complementary a part of the Residential Students' hostel life section. Wherever their tasks square measure to supervise the availability of meals to the students within them housings within the best manner among the acceptable standards for their age bracket in a good healthy and safe approach among the country’s restrictive entities health needs of the students. It starting from the receiving of the raw food materials and storing it in keeping with the approved health needs.Then process it and making ready it for preparation and serving it to the scholars. We can eventually disposal of the excess at once when the tip of the meal in preparation for following meal, undern the supervising of the nutrition specialists UNA agency square measure out there all day in each housing unit eating place to confirm that students’ desires and measure the food services that square and provided within the student’s living restaurants.

The hostel is basically used for the residence of scholars and travelers in some countries.However particularly in our country, the hostel residential students of the schools and also the warder and the opposite workers United Nation agency square measure managed the hostels. Many students that live within the hostel overall dependent on hostel life. A bunch of scholars makes all of them. Many students came from the various countries, cities, districts and different kind of provinces. Once Asian nation becomes underdeveloped country, few quantity is simply unbroken for the executive department in the budget and the additional education supports simply to urge to in developing and huge most cities of our country. There is no doubt that the coed needs keep necessary for the hostels with the additional studies for the students. In our country the cintributions of our hostels is the main perform within the educational departmentsof scholars. Hostel life also measure and supporting to residential resources for the scholars to take care of the event of studies and for gaming. 

The students that living in the hostels have to face many issues and have to face some economic issue, adjustment problems in the hostel and rooms, their personal problems and stress from the family, also changes in the food quality and sleeping habits and totally different issues because the spentd of their whole life time intheir houses that's the reason why it is difficult for them. Studies refer the stinginess behaviour of the other students and moving strength shown a lot of in the hostel students. The Hostel atmosphere provides academic degree probability for the most effective behaviour in different mentality levels of the students. 

Throughout living in the hostel life the students share their personal issues and problems with their friends, roomamtes and learn innovative thoughts from their hostel mates and their mentality levels. Hostel life educate them in regarding totally different views and perception regarding truth and dare within their company. Hostel life makes student a lot of ambition; those students United Nation agency sleep in the hostels square measure a lot of freelance and have to a lot of assured than others. In boarder students learn daring and spirit from the opposite students and can be support student to face voccation a lot of effectively and enjoy their life spam. It is saying that, “Hostel life has a lot of important impact on the method of life of the Boarders”. 

Hostel life is a mixture of values and culture of different kind of mind of the students because in the hostels the students were from many cities and environments. A survey on hostel needs collect the read of an individual to read properly. It shows the various positive and negative outcome of a hostel life. The most popular quote is, “Times amendment, individual’s changes were outcome”. Hostel life is simply close to modify approach of student and its impact on the different kind of the student's temperament, social thinking and their angle. In hostel life all the students want for suit scholars keep among their mates. Once moving into the university, hostel students should create ability to improve their depression, dare, ill lness ,temperament and adjust themselves in every situation. Reception students have to freelance among positive restrictions. They are provided and secure many problems from their oldsters and learnt the lesson. 

In hostel student face the problems among hostel furthermore among university as a result of lack of comfortable support of the fellows and teachers. Among the primary stage in hostel unit all at the start each other, even their area partners and also very imporatnt a good mate. Therefore, student face problems with brick, adjustment, serving to with different kind of students as a result of there is conjointly distinction in several languages, belief,lifestyle, temperament and livelyhood. Some foals and issue have to face them and however issue throughout that and ends up in depression among all of them and the main thing is that they should have controle and handle positively. It may interfere with their daily activity and it get categorical in their action and thinking and mentakity. Depression in the students indicative misdirection commencement among all age groups and teams of the stufents. Depression is recorded throughout the past days and describe that (the square measure the world the realm) unit presently brought up as mood disorder is usually found in many ancient documents.

It is concluded that there is strong significance relationship between the results of the parameters (Food quality, Cleanliness, Water supply and First aid. services) for the students often hostels. First of all the main issue is face is in hostel messes is cleanliness, Hostel mess should be clean in everywhere like front of house and back of house. Tables availability and direction should maintain and sitting area should be clean time to time. Water supply to the students at the time of mess should be provided in wash pots. The payment sidule for the students at the daily base or weekly or monthly base.In our uaf hostels mostly students bill pay at the spot and some students bill pay monthly base.M onthly base bill payment is to provided such students those already submit their security to Hostel mess.

Gender roles have always been typical, meaning, men are superior to women and they follow what their husbands say. It is usually how it has been for many years because of men dominating the world. The women have always limited their power and their actions because of the men. It has changed recently but still men and women are not at the same level. It is not similar to the book because some women do show leadership and that demonstrates the difference in the Anglo-Saxon era. In the book Beowulf, women play important roles such as monsters, peace-weaver, and hostess.

Women of Beowulf showcase their characteristics which is surprising to know that women like such exited back then. A character that demonstrates the evilness, monster-like characteristic, is, Grendel’s mother. Grendel’s mother is never described as nice or sweet but is known as “woman-monster”. Grendel’s mother is not as powerful as Grendel but has committed some actions close to it. It was a point where “Beowulf was nearly killed by Grendel’s mother”. By almost killing the protagonist, it portrays the monster/enemy characteristics she is known for. Grendel’s mother has such anger in her because she wanted “avenge the death of her son”. She took her revenge out by killing “the counselor” of Hrothgar in his sleep. Grendel’s mother is involved in various killings because of revenge on the death of her son. Later in the story she is killed by “an ancient blade forged by the giants,” which ends the part of Grendel’s mother and her villain type characteristic. Grendel’s mother was an important character in the book because of her courage to fight a man, or protagonist to be specific. It shows how the women in Beowulf are courageous and stand up for themselves and their families.

Another woman who portrays a unique character in the book is, Wealhtheow, Queen of the Danes and Hrothgar’s wife. The job of her was to “[visit] every corner of the hall, tendering the jeweled cup to the veterans and the younger men”. It seems like a nice task to do but the whole purpose of it is, that it shows hierarchy. It shows hierarchy because she passes the cup in order by her husband first, then the knights and finally to Beowulf, which represents the low level he is at. The levels can change based on the work done, like when Beowulf defeated Grendel, his level changed from third to second. The action done by the queen shows how she is not the typical queen of following the commands of her husband, but rather an independent woman of making her own decisions. She shows the characteristics of a peace-weaver.

While there are women like Grendel’s mother or Wealhtheow, there are also people like Queen Hygd. Queen Hygd had a similar purpose like Wealhtheow because she also “went round the hall with vessel of mead, and placed goblets in the hands of the fighting men”. The difference between Wealhtheow and Hygd is that Wealhtheow had to give the first cup to her husband to show the hierarchy or the power of her husband. While for Queen Hygd, she passed the cup without a particular order which explains how Beowulf is not treated differently as he was when with Hrothgar. It portrays the role of a hostess because she just passes the drinks without any other context to it.

Finally, we see the importance of women and gender through the men’s perspective. Beowulf and other men portray the typical men’s personality by not letting women express them. There are also other men who suppress women by not letting them advance ahead of men. The women of Beowulf though fight till they can for themselves. The typical behavior of men portrayed in Beowulf is when the Great prince “did not hesitate, be seized Grendel’s mother by the shoulder”. The Great Prince was trying to kill Grendel’s mother, but the monster character of Grendel’s mother did not hesitate and “she immediately came back at him with a ferocious grapple”. As clearly seen here, the women play out their roles that they portray clearly. They do whatever they can in their possession for their own safety.

In conclusion, women in Beowulf portrayed characteristics of an independent woman which was not normal in the middle ages. The poem helped express the women and gender issues during the time. It showed characters like Grendel’s mother, Queen Hygd, Wealhtheow. They all portrayed different types of characteristics that helped show how strong some women were back then. Like Grendel’s mother, who showed the enemy characteristics because of her revenge on the person who killed her son. Also, like Wealhtheow who showed hierarchy by passing a “drink,” which Queen Hygd showed the same process but without the hierarchy. Queen Hygd showed the role of a hostess by passing out the drinks to people. In the end it is also seen how the men of Beowulf treated women which showed their mentality and perspective on gender roles in the middle ages. Overall, the women portrayed strong, independent characteristics that help show how they can also fight a man and do what they want to.

References

1. Olsen, A. H. (1992). Language, Sign, and Gender in" Beowulf.". (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2863533)
2. Davidson, M. C. (2005). Speaking of nostalgia in Beowulf. Modern Philology, 103(2), 143-155. (https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/506533?journalCode=mp)
3. Price, B. A. (2020). Potentiality and Possibility: An Overview of Beowulf and Queer Theory. Neophilologus, 104(3), 401-419. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11061-020-09636-8)
4. Phipps, C. (2012). A Feminist Critique of Beowulf: Women as Peace-Weavers and Goaders in Beowulf's Courts. (https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/297/)
5. Anderson, C. (2001). Gæst, gender, and kin in Beowulf: Consumption of the Boundaries. The Heroic Age, 5, 18. (https://www.heroicage.org/issues/5/Anderson1.html)

This essay describes the sociological theory and analysis of globalization and colonialism. The essay will highlight the theory, impact of globalization and colonialism on modern history, criticism encountered, challenges to the theoretical convention, and foundation developed by classical sociological theorists. The early display of colonialism started from the 16th century through the 20th century were the European Union had established colonies in Africa, Latin America, and North America.

Globalization is the result of development which is internal to social theory. Globalization is the spread of worldwide practice conciseness and organization of social life. The major theory of Gidden emphasizes the nation's role particularly of the United States in globalization and links fundamentalism as problematic. The theory of Beck and hidden points that people are not rooted in each cosmos but are rooted in different cities, nations, and religions highlights the human aspect of globalization. The impact of globalization is on culture is seen by creating a hybrid culture. The cultural theories as paradigms in cultural difference, convergence, and hybridization highlight the difference between culture, cultural difference, and conflict between western and Islamic states.

Marx’s theories are relevant to globalization and provide an analysis of capitalism. The discoveries of Marx's theory on sociology have opened fresh perspectives on globalization. Marx focused on the distribution of wealth in society. Hardt and Negri criticized globalization as the perception that rich nation is growing and poor are growing poorer, resulting in worldwide disparity. The cultural theory highlights the contend that globalization is leading to homogeneity or heterogeneity Beck argues: 'cosmopolitanism orientation that involves meta game who's the outcome is completely open-ended”. Building on modernity Beck saw the world in more multidimensional terms and relates the dimension of ecology, culture, politics. Weber and Marx recognized the transition from earlier societies and the advantages of racialization but were a critic of alienation and exploitation. Sociology authors agree globalization is producing new areas in the postmodern world. The presence of globalization will diminish the power of local and social structures to make difference. Similarly, McWorld has led to the growth of a single political orientation.

Theories of globalization have played an important role in sociological theory development with an impact on the political, economic, and cultural aspects. Globalization invites the accelerated movement of people across borders. Simmel described flux, flow, and social diversity. The trend towards cultural imperialism emphasizes the role played in American culture. The theories highlight the spread of neoliberalism, capitalism across regions. Beck views the world as capitalist works with a more multi-dimensional aspect. Globalization has led to increasing in multiculturalism in western countries and between the minority and the majority population. Thus, cosmopolitanism is related to globalization and leads to flourishing global humanity featured by unique individuality

The concept of Neoliberalism highlights providing support to the business. The economic aspects of globalization relate to Marxian theory with the dominance of capitalist globalization the emphasis relates capitalism from the international system to becoming a globalized system. According to see the manifestation of globalization and acknowledge the potential for universal freedom and equality.

Colonialism refers to the political control of society and people by a foreign ruling state. Colonialism is described as a historical process in European nations that dominate overseas nations. Colonialism refers to the political control of society and people by a foreign ruling state. However, the critical treatment of slaves and the indigenous population is a critique of colonialism. Modern racism emerged with racism, leading to legitimate racial violence, and domination is closely linked with colonialism. Indigenous North Americans were subjected to tremendous physical and cultural violence due to the dispossession of land and the removal of children. Colonialism denied Indigenous people recognition and it laid out legacies of colonialism for creating a new reality. Due to the lack of restoration and resurgence, the western government maintains a settler-colonial system of domination. Gradually the power structure remained intact create and less modified form in creating sustain racialized difference. This has led to colonial powers legitimizing the violence.

Fanon expressed the plight of the colonial subjects and how they observed negative self-perception. Fanon through his study found that colonialism is intertwined with capitalism. He emphasized religion to distracted colonialized people from revolution the colonial sorties are divided into racial lines and Fanon believed in a free and self-determined post-colonial world for the revolutionary movement. Fanon encouraged revolutionary violence as a positive purpose. Colonialism is related to capitalism and race. Marx described the role of colonies in the accumulation of capital. Fanon in his study stated, “role of violent revolution plays in developing nation consciousness and overcoming colonial domination”. The development of various theories has led to the emergence of colonialism. Fanon in his book stated cultural and psychological domination have links to race. In his book, he pointed to colonial racism and how black people particularly we are in denial of the recognition. These theories of colonialism have emerged from Marx's theory of movement in which Marx s view that capitalism is an exploitative economic system. Fanon describes capitalism as the expansionist regarded the source of raw material which once processed could be molded in the European market. Fanon s view on culture is similar to Marx's description of ideology and highlighted how religion mystifies people suffering. Fanon does not agree with Marx and believed that socialism is better for the system or a decolonized system.

Conclusion

The aspects of globalization highlighted by contemporary theorists draw from theories build by classical theorists and touch on the facets of globalization and colonialism drawing a parallel from Marx s theory on capitalism and economic theory. The nice global formation influenced by political, the culture will integrate elements ay lead to power dominance and alienation. Similarly, colonial was observed to be linked with racism linked with social dominance and violence.

References

1. Connell, R. (2007). The northern theory of globalization. Sociological theory, 25(4), 368-385. (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2007.00314.x)
2. Banerjee, S. B., & Linstead, S. (2001). Globalization, multiculturalism and other fictions: colonialism for the new millennium?. Organization, 8(4), 683-722. (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/135050840184006)
3. Bhambra, G. K., & Holmwood, J. (2021). Colonialism and modern social theory. John Wiley & Sons. (https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Colonialism+and+Modern+Social+Theory-p-9781509541294)
4. Dei, G. J. S., & Asgharzadeh, A. (2001). The power of social theory: The anti-colonial discursive framework. The Journal of Educational Thought (JET)/Revue De La Pensée Éducative, 297-323. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/23767242)
5. Pinderhughes, C. (2011). Toward a new theory of internal colonialism. S (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08854300.2011.559702?journalCode=csad20)