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DPI Project Milestone 10 Strategic Points Project Proposal10 Strategic Points Pr ...

DPI Project Milestone 10 Strategic Points Project Proposal

10 Strategic Points Project Proposal

10 Strategic PointsComments/FeedbackBroad Topic AreaNew Fall Preventive Approach for Stroke Population in Rehabilitation FacilityLiterature Reviewa.      Background of the Problem/Gap:

·         Hospital falls are among the most commonly reported adverse hospital events with more than one million occurring annually (Leone & Adams, 2016).

·         Stroke patients were the largest diagnostic group accounting for all unassisted falls (Leone & Adams, 2016).

·         Most of these incidents were related to stroke patients attempting to toilet themselves when they fell.

·         There are some challenges for stroke patients to have awareness of their surroundings and ability effect by stroke.

b.      Theoretical Foundations (models and theories to be foundation for study):

·         The RE-AIM model (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) was used to identify strategies for an effective program (Day et al., 2011).

c.       Review of Literature Topics With Key Organizing Concepts or Topics for Each One

·         Research study found bladder training and prompted voiding share the two characteristics of cognitive behavioral modi?cation and active client participation (Roe, Milne, Ostaszkiewicz & Wallace, 2007).

·         Timed voiding program has proved successful in decreasing unassisted bathroom-related falls in the stroke population (Mehdi, Birms & Bhalla, 2013).

d.      Summary

  • Gap/Problem: There is a need to implement evidence-based methods of improving hospital falls in stroke patients through preventive fall program.
  • Prior studies: Prior studies show that timed voiding program has improved unassisted bathroom-related falls in the stroke population.
  • Quantitative application: Sources of data provide a method of evaluating and analyzing a new intervention and its effectiveness.

e.       Significance:

·         Improving rate of hospital falls;

·.

Problem StatementWhile the literature indicates that it is important to develop new measures for fall prevention programs in stroke populations, it is unknown if the implementation of Bladder Training and Timed-voiding program would decrease unassisted bathroom-related falls in the stroke population.Clinical/PICO QuestionsCan a combination intervention (bladder training and timed-voiding) decrease unassisted bathroom related falls in post ischemic stroke patients within six weeks period on a rehabilitation unit at a local Rehabilitation Institute?Sample(L) – Local inpatient rehabilitation facility (Memorial Rehabilitation Institute in Hollywood, Florida).

(P) – Population: post ischemic stroke patients.

(I) – Intervention: Implementing a Bladder Training and Timed-voiding program to decrease unassisted bathroom-related falls in post ischemic stroke population.

(C) – Comparison: Use multiple data collection and analysis from EHR and FIM score to compare before and after the new fall prevention program.

(O) – Outcome: Decreased unassisted bathroom-related falls in post ischemic stroke population.

(T) – Time: Quasi-experimental review of electronic medical records for all stroke patients who fell in six months period prior to the program need to be conducted. Then compare with Fall debrief survey score for post program will be measure in 6 weeks period.

Define VariablesDefine Variables:

·         Independent Variable: Bladder training and timed-voiding program.

·         Dependent Variable: The effectiveness of decreasing unassisted bathroom-related falls post ischemic stroke population.

Methodology and DesignThis study will be using a quantitative methodology with quasi-experimental design.Purpose StatementThis quantitative quasi-experimental study is to explore and understand contributing factors of falls in the stroke population by using database from the electronic health record (EHR) at inpatient rehabilitation facility.  Based on targeted pre-intervention findings from falls database, design and implement an intervention specific to decrease unassisted bathroom related falls in stroke patients through a multidisciplinary timed voiding program. 

 

Data Collection ApproachQuasi-experimental review of electronic medical records for all stroke patients who fell in six months period prior to the program need to be conducted. Then collect the score from Fall debrief survey score for post program to be measure in 6 weeks period. Survey specific patient-related data focused on demographics (age and gender), medical condition (type of stroke, comorbidities), days since admission, neurological deficits (mental status, physical or visual impairment), and potential value of the functional independence measure (FIM) score for predicting falls.Data Analysis ApproachFall debrief data contained descriptive details of the falls and its circumstances which included the time of fall, day of week, location, call bell usage, activity being attempted, effect of medications that may impact falls.  EHR database provides valuable tools to help identify and assess risk factors for falls. These data also provide a method of evaluating and analyzing a new fall prevention program and pre and post program scores will be compared to determine its effectiveness.

References

  • Day, L., Finch, C. F., Hill, K. D., Haines, T. P., Clemson, L., Thomas, M., & Thompson, C. (2011). A protocol for evidence-based targeting and evaluation of statewide strategies for preventing falls among community-dwelling older people in Victoria, Australia. Injury Prevention, 17(2), 3. doi: org/10.1136/ip.2010.030775
  • Leone, R. M. & Adams, R. J. (2016). Safety standards: implementing fall prevention interventions and sustaining lower fall rates by promoting the culture of safety on an inpatient rehabilitation unit. Rehabilitation Nursing, 41, 26-32
  • Mehdi, Z., Birms, J. & Bhalla, A. (2013). Post-stroke incontinence. International Journal clinical practice, 67(11), 1128-1137
  • Roe, B., Milne, J., Ostaszkiewicz, J. & Wallace, S. (2007). Systematic reviews of bladder training and voiding programs in adults: a synopsis of ?ndings on theory and methods using metastudy techniques. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 57(1), 3–14. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04098.x

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Dorothy E Johnson Theory Critique PresentationDorothy E Johnson Theory Critique ...

Dorothy E Johnson Theory Critique Presentation

Dorothy E Johnson Theory Critique Presentation

Theory Critique Formal Paper & Presentation (15%): (CC 2.c)

This is a formal paper of the assigned theorist. The student will critically assess the assigned theorist by defining the theory, and giving a historical overview of the theorist noting the assumptions and limitations of the theory, the social climate and conditions that influenced the theory development as well as other theorists and or disciplines. The paper should be no more than 3-5 pages of content, to include title and reference pages compliant with APA 7th edition.

This assignment is graded on content and quality of thought. (Rubric provided). The presentation portion of your theorist is the opportunity to share your assigned theorist with your colleagues via power point presentation. Please view the Power Point Format Presentation slide show, which will be used for all presentation assignments.

It should be no more than 15 slides in APA 7th edition including title and reference pages., and slide citation. All components must be utilized for maximum credit. (Rubric provided).read the course text chapter that relates to the selected theorist and support with at least 2 other references

Complete the theory analysis using the theory analysis rubric

create 3-5 page APA 7th edition compliant document and 20 slide presentation for class that complies with Pittman’s PPT guidelines.

Paper and Powerpoint on Dorothy Johnson: Behavioral System Model

  1. NUR 3846 Foundations of Professional Nursing Theory Critique Rubric.pdf
  2. NURSING THEORISTS AND THEIR WORK, EIGHTH EDITION.pdf

NUR 3846 Foundations of Professional Nursing Theory Critique Rubric

Origins of the theory (give context/background)MeaningUsefulnessTestabilityOverall evaluation (Revised 1/2021 by AJ Pittman)
  • What was happening in the nursing profession and/or in American history that may have influenced the theory (state the era, 1800’s, 1900’s)
  • What values, theories, evidence and or existing knowledge did the theorist cite as support for the theory What worldview, approach or paradigm to theory development did the theorist use? (qualitative or quantitative)
  • What is the scope of the theory? (philosophy, conceptual model, grand theory, middle range theory or practice theory, see p. 47 of text)
  • Describe the main ideas of the theory, include the assumptions under which the theory operates.
  • What are the main concepts and how does the different concepts affect each other? How useful is this theory in nursing? (give an example)
  • Is the theory practical & helpful to nursing? Does it contribute to understanding and predicting outcomes?
  • Has this theory generated research? If so how many and what types of studies? Give one example of a study done using this theory (cite and explain, review the abstract)
  • Evaluate the theory by utilizing the 5 criteria for analyzing theory (clarity, simplicity, generality, accessibility, importance). Is the theory comprehensive or specific?
  • How generalizable is the theory?
  • Summarize the 20% 10% 10% 10% 30%

Strengths & weakness of the theory.

  • State why you would or would not use this theory in your practice. If you would use the theory state how Presentation Professional appearance, well- groomed with lab coat & identification.
  • Demonstrate knowledge of content and confidence through voice inflection and tone and (no reading word for word or monotone voice).
  • Comply with PPT format (rule of 6) Creativity, summarize engage audience, timed 20 min Handouts summarize main ideas & model, reference list/ APA Total (Revised 1/2021 by AJ Pittman) 10% 10%
Nursing Theorists AND THEIR WORKThis page intentionally left blank Nursing Theorists AND THEIR WORK Martha Raile Alligood, PhD, RN, ANEF Professor Emeritus College of Nursing East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications.It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nursing theorists and their work /  edited by] Martha Raile Alligood. — Eighth edition.  p. ; cm.Includes biographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-323-09194-7 9pbk. ; alk. Paper) I. Alligood, Martha Raile, editor of compilation. [DNLM: 1. Nursing Theory. 2. Models, Nursing. 3. Nurses—Biography. Philosophy, Nursing. WY 86] RT84.5 610.7301—dc23 2013023220 Senior Content Strategist: Yvonne Alexopoulos Content Development Specialist: Danielle M. Frazier Publishing Services Manager: Deborah L. Vogel Project Manager: Pat Costigan Design Direction: Karen Pauls Printed in the United States of America Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Dedicated to the memory of my mother.Higgins, PhD, RN Assistant Professor Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio Bonnie Holaday, DNS, RN, FAAN Professor and Director, Graduate Studies School of Nursing and Institute on Family and Neighborhood Life Clemson University Clemson, South Carolina Eun-Ok Im, PhD, MPH, RN, CNS, FAAN Professor and Marjorie O. Rendell Endowed Professor School of Nursing The University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania D. Elizabeth Jesse, PhD, RN, CNM Associate Professor College of Nursing East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina Lisa Kitko, PhD, RN, CCRN Assistant Professor School of Nursing The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania Theresa Gunter Lawson, PhD, APRN, FNP-BC Assistant Professor Department of Nursing Lander University Greenwood, South Carolina Unni Å.Lindström, PhD, RN Professor Department of Caring Science Faculty of Social and Caring Sciences Åbo Academy University Vasa, Finland M. Katherine Maeve, PhD, RN Nurse Researcher Charlie Norwood VAMC Augusta, Georgia Marilyn R. McFarland, PhD, RN, FNP, BC, CTN Associate Professor of Nursing and Family Nurse Practitioner Urban Health and Wellness Center University of Michigan Flint, Michigan Gwen McGhan, PhD(c), RN Jonas/Hartford Doctoral Scholar School of Nursing The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania Molly Meighan, RNC, PhD Professor Emerita Division of Nursing Carson-Newman College Jefferson City, Tennessee Contributors Patricia R. Messmer, PhD, RN-BC, FAAN Marguerite J. Purnell, PhD, RN, AHN-BC Gail J. Mitchell, PhD, RN, MScN, BScN Teresa J. Sakraida, PhD, RN Director Patient Care Services Research Children’s Mercy Hospital and Clinics Kansas City, Missouri ProfessorRN Associate Professor Department of Caring Science Faculty of Social and Caring Sciences Åbo Academy University Vasa, Finland Janice Penrod, PhD, RN, FGSA, FAAN Director, Center for Nursing Research Associate Professor School of Nursing The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania Susan A. Pfettscher, DNSc, RN Retired Bakersfield, California Kenneth D. Phillips, PhD, RN Professor and Associate Dean for Research and Evaluation College of Nursing The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee Marie E. Pokorny, PhD, RN Director of the PhD Program College of Nursing East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina Assistant Professor Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida Assistant Professor College of Nursing University of Colorado, Denver Aurora, Colorado Karen Moore Schaefer, PhD, RN Associate Chair and Associate Professor.Retired Department of Nursing College of Health Professions Temple University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Ann M. Schreier, PhD, RN Associate Professor College of Nursing East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina Carrie J. Scotto, PhD, RN Associate Professor College of Nursing University of Akron Akron, Ohio Christina L. Sieloff, PhD, RN, NE, BC Associate Professor College of Nursing Montana State University Billings, Montana Janet L. Stewart, PhD, RN Assistant Professor Department of Health Promotion and Development School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ix x Contributors Danuta M. Wojnar, PhD, RN, MEd, IBCLC Assistant Professor College of Nursing Seattle University Seattle, Washington Joan E. Zetterlund, PhD, RN Professor Emerita of Nursing School of Nursing North Park University Chicago, Illinois Reviewers Jean Logan, RN, PhD Professor Grand View University Des Moines, Iowa Karen Pennington, PhD, RN Nancy Stahl, RN, MSN, CNE Associate Professor BSN Coordinator University of North Georgia Dahlonega.Georgia Associate Professor Regis University Denver, Colorado xi About the Editor Martha Raile Alligood is professor emeritus at East Carolina University College of Nursing in Greenville, North Carolina, where she was Director of the Nursing PhD program. A graduate of Good Samaritan School of Nursing, she also holds a bachelor of sacred literature (BSL) from Johnson University, a BSN from University of Virginia, an MS from The Ohio State University, and a PhD from New York University. Her career in nursing education began in Zimbabwe in Africa and has included graduate appointments at the University of Florida, University of South Carolina, and University of Tennessee.Among her professional memberships are Epsilon and Beta Nu Chapters of Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI), Southern Nursing Research Society (SNRS), North Carolina Nurses Association/American Nurses Association (NCNA/ANA), and Society of Rogerian Scholars (SRS). A recipient of numerous awards and honors, she is a Fellow of the National League for Nursing (NLN) Academy of Nursing Education, received the SNRS Leadership in Research Award, and was honored with the East Carolina University Chancellors’s Women of Distinction Award.A member of the Board of Trustees at Johnson University, Dr. Alligood chairs the Academic Affairs Committee. She served as contributing editor for the Theoretical Concerns column in Nursing Science Quarterly, Vol. 24, 2011, and is author/editor of Nursing Theory: Utilization & Application, fifth edition, as well as this eighth edition of Nursing Theorists and Their Work. xii Preface T his book is a tribute to nursing theorists and a classic in theoretical nursing literature.It presents many major thinkers in nursing, reviews their important knowledge-building ideas, lists their publications, and points the reader to those using the works and writing about them in their own theoretical publications. Unit I introduces the text with a brief history of nursing knowledge development and its significance to the discipline and practice of the profession in Chapter 1.

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DQ 11 Nursing education and positive patient outcomes.DQ 11 Nursing education an ...

DQ 11 Nursing education and positive patient outcomes.

DQ 11 Nursing education and positive patient outcomes.

1. Discuss the correlation between nursing education and positive patient outcomes. Include current research that links patient safety outcomes to advanced degrees in nursing. Based on some real-life experiences, explain whether you agree or disagree with this research. (Minimum 250 words and 2 sources).

2. Discuss the difference between a DNP and a PhD in nursing. Discuss which of these you would choose to pursue if you decide to continue your education to the doctoral level and explain why. (Minimum 250 words and 2 sources).

ORDER THROUGH BOUTESSAY

DQ 11 Nursing education and positive patient outcomes Instructions

Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

  • Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
  • Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
  • One or two-sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
  • I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation

  • Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
  • In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
  • Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
  • Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality

  • Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the
  • Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
  • Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
  • I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

Use of Direct Quotes

  • I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
  • As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
  • It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy

  • For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
  • Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
  • Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
  • Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

  • The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
  • Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
  • If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
  • I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
  • As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

  • Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
  • Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

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DQ: Outbreak of an Infectious or Communicable Disease.DQ: Outbreak of an Infecti ...

DQ: Outbreak of an Infectious or Communicable Disease.

DQ: Outbreak of an Infectious or Communicable Disease.

Epidemiologic surveillance is used in public and global health. For this Assignment, begin by locating a recent article about an outbreak of an infectious or communicable disease. The article can come from a newspaper or other source, but your paper must be supported with at least three scholarly sources of evidence in the literature which may include your text or course readings.

For this Assignment, review the following:

  • AWE Checklist (Level 4000)

Link to 4000 Level Writing

https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/undergraduate/awe/4000

  • No RUNNING HEADER or ABSTRACT is REQUIRED. It can be used, but not required.
  • Write a 3 full page paper that includes the following:
  • A summary of the article, including the title and author
  • Identify the title of the article with in-text citation and corresponding reference in reference list
  • The relationship among causal agents, susceptible persons, and environmental factors (epidemiological triangle)
  • The role of the nurse in addressing the outbreak
  • Possible health promotion/health protection strategies that could have been implemented by nurses to mitigate the outbreak

ORDER THROUGH BOUTESSAY

DQ: Outbreak of an Infectious or Communicable Disease Instructions

Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

  • Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
  • Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
  • One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
  • I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation

  • Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
  • In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
  • Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
  • Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality

  • Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the
  • Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
  • Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
  • I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

Use of Direct Quotes

  • I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
  • As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
  • It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy

  • For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
  • Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
  • Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
  • Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

  • The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
  • Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
  • If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
  • I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
  • As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

  • Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
  • Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Also Read: NURS 6003 Assignment: Academic Success and Professional Development Plan Part 4: Finalizing the Plan


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Dr Hansen an orthopedist, is seeing Andrew, a 72-year-old established male patie ...

Dr Hansen an orthopedist, is seeing Andrew, a 72-year-old established male patient, today who has complaints of severe knee pain in both knees

Dr Hansen an orthopedist is seeing Andrew a 72 year old established male patient today who has complaints of severe knee pain in both knees and repeated falls over the past 2 months. Dr. Hansen completes a detailed history and exam with medical decision making of moderate complexity, including X-rays of each knee which show worsening osteoarthritis.

Because the patient has been experiencing repeated falls, Dr. Hansen provides the patient with an adjustable tripod cane with instructions for safe use. Dr. Hansen recommends the patient begin taking OTC glucosamine chondroitin sulfate, anti-inflammatories for pain as needed, and schedules the patient for a follow up appointment in one month. E&M code:__________________ ICD-10-CM code: ____________ ICD-10-CM code: ____________ CPT code: __________________ HCPCS code:

Dr Hansen an orthopedist is seeing Andrew a 72 year old established male patient

Dr Hansen an orthopedist is seeing Andrew a 72 year old established male patient Instructions

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized.

Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

NR601 Primary Care Mature & Aging Adults

Week 5 Assignment: Clinical Patient

Addendum to Directions:

This patient is your clinical patient for week 5. You are the Student NP Provider making decisions about your patient. This is not a group assignment. This is an individual assignment.

1).  You must cite current Clinical Practice Guidelines for primary & secondary diagnoses. If there are 2021 versions you must cite 2021. No Exceptions

  • You must cite 2 Scholarly Provider (NP, PA, MD, DO) Journal articles & at least 1 scholarly evidence-based journal article published in the last 5 years to support your work.

Textbooks, other books, .orgs, .edu’s, CDC, Stat Pearls & other websites cannot be cited. No Exceptions

  • Medications: you must cite Online Prescribers Digital Reference (PDR) or CPG or Journal No Exceptions

Medication costs: You must cite Pharmacy Checker: https://www.pharmacychecker.com/drug- price-comparisons/#!. No Exceptions

Pharmacy Checker: Type in the medication, next page scroll to the bottom of the page, add quantity & your zip code to review the options for the lowest cost options. No Exceptions

4).  This is your patient in a primary care clinical environment. You make the decisions in the role of NP provider using the Clinical Practice Guidelines & current evidence to provide Best Practice care. This is an individual assignment.

  • 2 submission limit to Turnitin – Review policy No Exceptions 6). All submissions & TII reports are reviewed by your Professor

Clinic Patient

Chart 0002100

Week 5 Assignment: Clinical Patient Annika Chase Carter

75-year-old Female with complaints of a sore near her R ankle. She said it has been there since she worked in her rose garden about a week ago. She washed it with soap and water the day it happened.

Have you tried any OTC topical antibacterial ointments? No, nothing but soap and water once and a band aid.

It looks like a scrape. Dr Hansen, an orthopedist, is seeing Andrew, a 72 year old established male patient.Let’s have the MA cleanse the area. We will apply some Neosporin today and give you some samples to take home with a couple of band aids. If it is not better in 3 days, come back to the office.

Did we review your recent lab values last time you were her for an appointment?

No, I don’t remember talking about the labs. Is anything wrong?

Let’s start with the normal values and go from there and discuss next steps. General overview of patient: complete in outline document

Current medications: Vitamin D, OTC Capsaicin topical for L knee pain, 1st dose Pfizer COVID vaccine 2021.

PMH: Lap chole about 10 years ago, fractured ulna age 10 bike accident, 2 live births, NSVD.

FH: married 45 years, 1 daughter, no health issues, siblings: 1 sister endometrial cancer-survivor, Mother deceased breast cancer, Father deceased 68 years old unknown cause.

SH: Retired Xray Tech, no illicit drug use, drinks 1-2 glasses of wine weekends. No tobacco or illicit drug use.

Allergies: Penicillin/hives

Vital signs: BP 138/80; pulse 80, regular; respiration 18, regular Height 5’0, weight 180 pounds

HEENT: head normocephalic. Eyes clear without exudate. Tympanic membranes gray and intact with light reflex noted. Pinna and tragus nontender. Nares patent without exudate. Neck supple. Anterior cervical lymph nontender to palpation. No lymphadenopathy. Thyroid midline, small and firm without palpable masses.

CV: S1 and S2 RRR no murmurs.

Lungs: Bilaterally clear to auscultation, respirations unlabored.

  • Abdomen: soft, nontender with positive bowel sounds present; no organomegaly; no abdominal bruits.
  • No CVAT.

Derm: R ankle 2cm circular scrape with scab.

  • +pedal pulses bilaterally

Laboratory Tests

UApH 5.2 RBC (-)Leukocyte Esterase (-) Nitrates (-)Glucose (-) Protein Trace Ketone (-)Complete Blood CountRBC 4.92 million HGB 12.4gm/dl HCT 40%MCV 84 flMCHC 32 g/dl

RDW 13.6% WBC 4200/mm3

CMPNA+ 138K+ 4.2Chloride 98

Glucose 99

BUN 12

Creatinine 1.00

GFR non-AA 94 mL/min GFR est AA 99 mL/min CA 9.5

Total Protein 7.7

Bilirubin total 0.6

Alk phos 74

AST 34

ALT 36

Bun/Creatinine 10

ThyroidFree T4 0.6

 

TSH 2.05HbA1c7.9%Lipid Panel (fasting)LDL-C 194 mg/dLHDL-C 50 mg/dLTotal-C 236 mg/dL

Triglycerides 132 mg/dL

Also  Read:

  • Capella University NURS FPX 4050 Caring for Alzheimers Patient Discussion

Diagnostics –

EKG: normal sinus rhythm

Dr Hansen, an orthopedist, is seeing Andrew, a 72 year old established male patient


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Drug Enforcement Agency AssignmentThe Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) in America i ...

Drug Enforcement Agency Assignment

The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) in America is a Federal institution with the mandate to fight the trade in illegal drugs. The DEA uses its agents to track and apprehend the most notorious individuals or organizations involved in illegal drug dealing and trafficking. The Agency, established under the Department of Justice, is tasked with stopping illegal drug distribution and trafficking within America’s borders and even abroad (Drug Enforcement Agency, 2021). In particular, the United States is concerned about dangerous drugs such as narcotics.

As such, the DEA must ensure that citizens and foreigners in America adhere to Federal laws that regulate the manufacture, use, and supply of drugs. As for PMHNP, its main duty is to make sure that the prescription of drugs in America is done by professionally qualified individuals who have the appropriate certification and authority from the DEA.

Role of DEA Agent

As a Federal agent who has obtained a DEA number, my responsibilities include conducting investigations on the illegal drug trade. My most important duty is to conduct surveillance on suspected drug dealers and traffickers with the aim of making arrests. Other duties of DEA agents include tracking and arresting illegal drug dealers and working in liaison with other law enforcement agencies in coordinating arrests of suspected drug dealers (Ricart, 2018). The major objective of DEA officers is to investigate and detect criminal drug use and distribution to curb the activity.

How to Apply for DEA Number

The Drug Enforcement Agency provides two methods of obtaining a DEA number. The first method is by presenting oneself to a local DEA office and filling the form. The second method of obtaining a DEA number is through the online process (The American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 2021). The form is available at www.Deaiversion.usdoj.gov. Three days after performing the registration, the applicant can inquire from the DEA about the status of their application.

Requirements for Safe Prescription and Monitoring Program in Maryland State

Maryland State has numerous laws and policies that govern the manufacture, use, supply, and distribution of restricted drugs. The purpose of the intervention is to curb the misuse of illegal drugs. In Maryland, individuals charged with the responsibility of drug prescription must be licensed through registration with Chesapeake regional information system. Any prescription made for controlled drugs requires the prescriber to take the details of the person the drug is prescribed to and send the information to the State. The information contains personal details of the patient/customer as well as the reason for prescribing the drug.

My Role as a PMHPN

As a PMHPN, my main role is to assess patients with mental disorders and offer a diagnosis, appropriate therapy, and prescription of medication. Other important roles by psychiatric nurse practitioners include monitoring of psychotropic medication, conducting intake screening of patients, and diagnosing and treating patients with mental disorders. Moreover, as a PMHNP, I am responsible for educating patients and their families about the importance of mental health awareness and intervention. In the prescription of medicine, it is my duty as a PMHNP to observe all the laws and regulations about drug use. For patients that may require to use restricted drugs such as opioids, I carefully examine such need to ensure that its use is warranted after which I prescribe the appropriate dosages based on the needs of the patient.

Drug Classification and Schedules

In America, drugs are classified according to the level of effectiveness, probability of addiction, and the probability of abuse.

Schedule II Drugs

The drugs in this category are those with a high likelihood of abuse leading to acute dependence either physically or psychologically. The drugs under this schedule are classified as drugs with high medical value. Excellent examples of controlled drugs under schedule II include fentanyl, OxyContin, methadone, and Demerol. Excellent examples of stimulants under drug schedule II include Amphetamine, also called Dexedrine, methamphetamine, and methylphenidate.

Schedule III Drugs

The drugs under this category have less potential for abuse compared to those in category II. However, abuse of these drugs leads to moderate dependence psychologically and physically. As a PMHPN, a popular drug that I occasionally prescribe for cancer patients and patients with mental problems includes ketamine and Vicodin, which contains a combination of other products measuring less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone for each dosage (Stith et al., 2018). Common examples of narcotic drugs under this schedule include buprenorphine Tylenol mixed with Codeine.

Schedule IV Drugs Controlled Substances

The medicines under this class can become addictive if abused. However, the level of dependency on drugs in this category is much lower for all other drugs in Schedules II, and III. Examples of popular drugs used by PMHPN nurses include Tramadol, Xanax, Klonopin, and Ativan.

Schedule V Drugs

These are drugs that have an extremely limited number of restricted drugs. Chances of abuse and dependency are extremely rare for drugs in this category. The most common drug under this category that I can recommend to a patient is Lamotil, which is an effective drug for containing all cases of diarrhea.

Conclusion

In sum, the DEA is tasked with the role of tracking and apprehending illegal drug dealers in the United States. A licensed DEA officer is mandated by law to investigate, track, and arrest individuals dealing in illegal trade in drugs. In relation to applying for a DEA number, there are two main procedures, physical application at the DEA office and application through online. As a qualified PMNHP, one must be familiar with the regulations relating to Schedule II, III, IV and V drugs for effective prescription. For instance, Schedule II drugs are the most effective narcotic drugs which also have the highest rate of abuse and dependency, hence must be prescribed sparingly and with reasonable cause.

References

  • Drug Enforcement Agency. (2021). Our Mission. Dea.gov. Retrieved 3 March 2021, from https://www.dea.gov/mission.
  • The American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (2021). How to Get Information About Obtaining a DEA Number. American Association of Nurse Practitioners. Retrieved 3 March 2021, from https://www.aanp.org/practice/practice-management/business-resources-for-nurse-practitioners/how-to-order-a-dea-number.
  • Ricart, C. A. P. (2018). The Role of the DEA in the Emergence of the Field of Anti-narcotics Policing in Latin America. Global Governance24(2), 169-191. DOI: 10.1163/19426720-02402002
  • Stith, S. S., Vigil, J. M., Adams, I. M., & Reeve, A. P. (2018). Effects of legal access to cannabis on scheduled ii–v drug prescriptions. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association19(1), 59-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.07.017

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Dyslipidemia Venous Thromboembolism Stroke Sample PaperDyslipidemia / Venous Thr ...

Dyslipidemia Venous Thromboembolism Stroke Sample Paper

Dyslipidemia / Venous Thromboembolism / Stroke

The 2013 ACC/AHA Blood Cholesterol Guidelines for ASCVD Prevention recommend high intensity artovastatin (40mg to 80mg) in diabetic patient (Stone et al., 2013). The patient should be on at least artovastatin 40mg but the dose should not go beyond 80mg to prevent ASVD. The determination of the right dosing is a result of random control trials to determine the outcomes of different dosages on ASVD prevention. The approach has proven to be more effective compared to moderate intensity doses such as pravastatin 40 mg, simvastatin 20 mg to 40 mg, or atorvastatin 10 mg twice daily (Stone et al., 2013).

The 2014 NLA Recommendations for Patient-Centered Management of Dyslipidemia recommend that in patients who need lipid lowering drugs, statin therapy should be the primary regimen (Jacobson et al., 2014). Statin has been shown to be beneficial in diabetic patients of between ages 40 and 75 with LDL-C 70-189 mg/dl. Since the patient in this case has a ten-year history of type 2 diabetes and a LDL–C level of 95 mg/dL, the statin regimen would help in the management of her dyslipidemia.

The 2016/2017 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Role of Non-Statin Therapies for Additional LDL-lowering recommend additional non-statin therapy use in patients where there are additional indications for their use and when there is a clinical presentation of ASVD (Lloyd-Jones et al., 2017). Apart from obesity, there are no additional clinical symptoms for ASVD. Therefore, non-statin therapy is not necessary for this patient case. Note that in the event that it was necessary, ezetimibe would be the most preferred medication (Lloyd-Jones et al., 2017).

I would first educate the patient concerning her condition, diabetes and hypertension and their predisposition to dyslipidemia. I would inform the patient that artovastatin has a better therapeutic effect on the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. I will also explain to the patient that 40mg of artovastatin is a high intensity dosage necessary for the prevention of ASCVD. I will also provide clear explanation to the patient on how to improve drug adherence for better outcomes.

References

  • Jacobson, T. A., Ito, M. K., Maki, K. C., Orringer, C. E., Bays, H. E., Jones, P. H., McKenney, J. M., Grundy, S. M., Gill, E. A., Wild, R. A., Wilson, D. P., & Brown, W. V. (2014). National Lipid Association recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia: Part 1 – executive summary. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 8(5), 473–488. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2014.07.007
  • Lloyd-Jones, D., Morris, P., Ballantyne, C., Birtcher, K., Daly, D., & DePalma, S. M., Minissian, M. B., Orringer, C. E., & Smith, S. C. (2017). 2017 Focused Update of the 2016 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Role of Non-Statin Therapies for LDL-Cholesterol Lowering in the Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology70(14), 1785-1822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.745
  • Stone, N., Robinson, J., Lichtenstein, A., Bairey Merz, C., Blum, C., & Eckel, R. H., Goldberg, A. C., Gordon, D., Levy, D., Lloyd-Jones, D.M., McBride, P., Swartz, J. S., Shero, S. T., Smith, S. C., Watson, K. & Wilson, P. W. F. (2013). 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults. Circulation129(25 suppl 2), S1-S45. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a

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EB 002 Research Methodology Matrix Sample 2Full citation of selected articleArti ...

EB 002 Research Methodology Matrix Sample 2

Full citation of selected articleArticle #1Article #2Article #3Article #4 

Coale, A. J., & Coale, A. J. (2017). The decline of fertility in Europe since the eighteenth century as a chapter in demographic history. In The decline of fertility in Europe (pp. 1-30). Princeton University Press

 

 

Garcia, D., Brazal, S., Rodriguez, A., Prat, A., & Vassena, R. (2018). Knowledge of age-related fertility decline in women: a systematic review. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology230, 109-118Fritz, R., & Jindal, S. (2018). Reproductive aging and elective fertility preservation. Journal of Ovarian Research11(1), 1-8.

 

Chronopoulou, E., Raperport, C., Sfakianakis, A., Srivastava, G., & Homburg, R. (2021). Elective oocyte cryopreservation for age-related fertility decline. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 1-10.

 

Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest) 

 

This article examines the genesis of decline of fertility in Europe dating back 18th century. It creates a critical picture of the changes in fertility over centuries.

This article by Garcia and colleagues gives the readers an understanding of how infertility in women came about including the factors that promoted changes in fertility.This book gives a critical perspective of how age affected fertility. Over the past half century there has been a trend towards delayed motherhood.Women who pursue fertility at an advanced age are increasingly common. Family planning and sexual education have traditionally focused on contraception and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. A focus should now also be placed on fertility awareness and fertility preservation.Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed articleFertility Project. The Project, begun in 1963, was a response to the realization that one of the great social revolutions of the last century, the remarkable decline in marital fertility in Europe, was still poorly understood.The objective of this research was to find out how knowledge of infertility by women help them to make decisionsThe objective of this work is to examine why women postpone birth or why woman remaining involuntarily childless as well as an increase in pregnancy complications in those that do achieve pregnancy at advanced maternal age.This manuscript aims to give an update on the existing evidence around elective oocyte cryopreservation, also highlighting the need for fertility education and evidence-based, individualized counseling.Brief description of the research methodology used Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific. 

 

This project was a quasi-experiment. The methodology used is mixed methods

randomized controlled trials (RCT)-Qualitative researchAnalysis of existing literature.A thorough electronic search was performed from the start of databases to March 2020 aiming to summarize the existing evidence around elective egg freezing, the logic behind its use, patient counselling and education, success rates and risks involved, regulation, cost-effectiveness, current status and future perspectives.A brief description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected. 

This project is valid because it investigators should ensure careful study planning and adequate quality control and implementation strategies-including adequate recruitment strategies, data collection, data analysis, and sample size.

The study draws from peer-reviewed articles that have been reviewed by expertsThe study draws from peer-reviewed articles that have been reviewed by expertsExternal validity can be increased by using broad inclusion criteria that result in a study population that more closely resembles real-life patients, and, in the case of clinical trials, by choosing interventions that are feasible to applyGeneral Notes/Comments 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


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EB0002 Research Methodology Matrix SampleFull citation of selected articleArticl ...

EB0002 Research Methodology Matrix Sample

Full citation of selected articleArticle #1Article #2Article #3Article #4Punab, M., Poolamets, O., Paju, P., Vihljajev, V., Pomm, K., Ladva, R., Korrovits, P. & Laan, M. (2017). Causes of male infertility: a 9-year prospective monocentre study on 1737 patients with reduced total sperm counts. Human Reproduction, 32(1), 18-31. doi:10.1093/humrep/dew284Deshpande, P. S., & Gupta, A. S. (2019). Causes and Prevalence of Factors Causing Infertility in a Public Health Facility. Journal Of Human Reproductive Sciences, 12(4), 287–293. https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.JHRS_140_18Moramazi, F., Roohipoor, M., & Najafian, M. (2018). Association between internal cervical os stenosis and other female infertility risk factors. Middle East Fertility Society Journal, 23(4), 297-299. doi:10.1016/j.mefs.2018.02.002He, Y., Tian, J., Oddy, W. H., Dwyer, T. & Venn, A. J. (2018). Association of childhood obesity with female infertility in adulthood: a 25-year follow-up study. Fertility and Sterility, 110(4), 596–604.e1. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.011Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest) 

I chose this article because it highlights the causes of severe infertility in men. From this study, I found out the reasons behind heterogeneous male infertility and how personalized treatment can be utilized to treat the condition.

This article lists major findings related to marital decline in Europe.

Concerning the ethics of research, I find that the authors did not fabricate or falsify data but reported accurately their observations from the experiment.

I chose this article because it helps me to understand the trend in the causes of infertility in the contemporary population. The study examines how infertility changes with local demographics. This article relates to my issue of clinical interests since it tracks the trend of infertility by looking at the leading causes of infertility in modern times.  

Concerning ethics of research, this article was objective in that it avoided bias and strictly observed the clinical guidelines followed in a research such as correct data analysis and interpretation.

I chose this article because it gives a critical perspective of how cervical factor has led to infertility in women

My reason for choosing this article is because it looks at how women become victims of infertility courtesy of cervical stenosis. Concerning ethics of research, this article adhered to the principles of objectivity, honesty, integrity, and accurate reporting.  

I chose this article because it helps me to understand whether there is any relationship between childhood obesity and infertility. This article examines whether those who had obesity when they were young have a higher probability of being infertile. Concerning ethics of research, this article adhered to the principle of accurate reporting. Furthermore, the authors clearly stated what they were able to achieve and what they did not regarding infertility in their experiment.

 

Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed articleThe objective of this study was to find out the causes of severe infertility in men. The authors wanted to find out the causal factors for male infertility and what causes impaired spermatogenesis.The objective of this study was to find out the reasons why young women and men are increasingly becoming childless. In addition, the authors sought to calculate the proportion of individual factors that contribute to infertility in a population of patients presenting in a local healthcare facility. The study established that primary infertility was responsible for 57.5% of the cases, while secondary infertility accounted for 42.5% of the cases.The objective of this work is to examine the infertility risk factors in women. Specifically, the study sought to examine why cervical os stenosis has become one of the leading risk factors for infertility in women.The aim of this article is to find out if there is any relationship between childhood obesity and infertility in women. The researchers wanted to find out why young girls aged 7 and 11 with a higher BMI index were at a higher risk of becoming infertile when they reach reproductive age.Brief description of the research methodology used Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific. 

The authors utilized a prospective clinical-epidemiological design in analyzing male factor infertility. The study was a mixed method research since it used both qualitative and quantitative data to conduct the inquiry. An epidemiology study was performed to study how infertility occur among different groups of men.

This study was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in an infertility clinic, hence quantitative. The researchers examined 120 couples with a view of establishing the respective causes of infertility and evaluating the respective prevalence.This study was an analytical cross-sectional study that recruited 168 infertile women. The researchers further divided the study population into two groups. The first comprised of those with cervical stenosis (n=84) and the second, which was the control group, comprised of those without cervical stenosis (n=84). This study is purely a quantitative study since it examined the correlation between internal cervical os stenosis and other factors responsible for female infertility.  This was a Prospective longitudinal study. This was purely a qualitative study aimed at finding out why young girls between the ages of 7-11 who had experienced childhood obesity have a high propensity to become infertile compared to girls who never had childhood obesity

 

A brief description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.The strength of the study draws from the fact that it comprehensively analyzes the causative, absolute and plausible factors responsible for male infertility. Further, the study findings are reliable since the researchers examined a large sample of patients (1737) over a long period (2005-2013).

Finally, the authors are professionals in the field of study, an aspect that further reinforces the reliability of the study.

The strength of this study relates to the fact that it recruits and examines individuals presenting to an infertility clinic for treatment, hence utilizes primary data in understanding the causes and the respective prevalence of the causes within the population under study. The method adopted for the study is both reliable and valid as it involves observing the population’s presentation with minimal interference. 

By examining the correlation between cervical os stenosis and other infertility causative factors, the authors have successfully provided a better way of managing female infertility that is associate with cervical stenosis. This ultimately defines the strength of the study.

 

External validity can be increased by using broad inclusion criteria that result in a study population that more closely resembles real-life patients, something that the authors have done particularly well.

Secondly, the study findings of this study have exceptional validity since the authors sought to study population trends.

General Notes/Comments 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


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EB004 Critical Appraisal Evaluation Sample PaperEB004: Critical Appraisal, Evalu ...

EB004 Critical Appraisal Evaluation Sample Paper

EB004: Critical Appraisal, Evaluation/Summary, and Synthesis of Evidence

Part 2: Evidence-Based Best Practices

After the appraisal of the evidence-based research journals chosen, the best evidence-based practice that I choose for infertility is In Vitro fertilization-IVF. IVF is a series of procedures used to help infertile couples to conceive (Amorim, 2018). In this method, eggs that are mature are harvested from a woman’s ovaries and then fertilized by a male sperm in the laboratory. The fertilized eggs are then transferred to the woman’s uterus. IVF can be used to maximize the chance of older patients conceiving.

IVF is a method of assisted reproduction in which a man’s sperm and a woman’s eggs are combined outside of the body in a laboratory dish. One or more fertilized eggs (embryos) are transferred into the woman’s uterus, where they are implanted in the uterine lining and develop. Serious complications from IVF technology and procedures are rare. As with all medical treatments, however, there are some risks. This document discusses the most common risks.

I chose IVF as the best intervention for infertility because it the most effective form of assisted reproduction. A couple can use their own eggs and sperm or they can use ones donated by a donor. The advantage with IVF is that it can be used to intervene in numerous types of infertility such as low sperm count, problems with ovulation, poor egg quality, and infertility caused by the inability of a sperm to penetrate the egg among many other types of infertility (Pan, Le, & Jin, 2018). IVF involves the testing of ovarian reserve and semen analysis to evaluate the chances of conception. Besides, testing for infectious diseases is also done when performing an IVF. This is to ensure that the resulting embryo is not affected by such infectious diseases. While IVF has some risks, it remains the most effective approach of dealing with infertility.

Another advantage of IVF is that it produces better results compared to IUI and other forms of assisted reproductive technology. IVF success rates have been increasing since its conception, thanks to technological advances. Although IUI and other forms of assisted reproduction technology can be successful for some patients, on the whole they have not undergone the same level of improvement, and do not currently have as high success rates. IUI with donor sperm can however be a useful first option in single women and same-sex couples.

IVF allows for Embryos to be screened for inherited diseases before the procedure is performed. For individuals who are known carriers of genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s disease and muscular dystrophy, IVF with pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is one of the most reliable ways to ensure that a child conceived will not suffer from the disorder. Pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS) can improve the chances of a successful outcome, as it screens embryos for chromosomal disorders such as Down’s syndrome (Pan, Le, & Jin, 2018). Thus, with IVF, it is very rare for couples to transmit diseases to the unborn embryo because these factors are managed before a man’s sperm and the woman’s egg are combined.

References

  • Amorim, C. A. (2018). In vitro culture of ovarian preantral follicles: A promising alternative for preserving fertility in cancer patients. Fertility and Sterility, 110(6), 1041–1042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.08.054
  • Pan, P., Le, F., & Jin, F. (2018). In vitro oocyte maturation alters renal renin-angiotensin system expression and epigenetic modification in mice. Fertility and Sterility, 110(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.565

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